Spotted , ko rashin tsoro salamander yana zaune a Turai da sassan Asiya. An yi wa fatarta kwalliya mai kyau mai kyau, wacce take zama alama ta gargadi ga masu farautar.

Class - Amphibians
Row - Ba a yi nasarar ba
Iyali - Salamanders na gaske
Genus / Speeds - Salamandra salamandra

Bayanai na asali:
ZAUREN FIQHU
Length: har zuwa 28 cm, yawanci -22 cm, wutsiya - ƙasa da rabin tsawon tsawon.

Yaduwa
Balagagge: daga shekaru 3-4.
Lokacin yanka: yawanci a lokacin rani ko damina, a lokacin bazara.
Yawan qwai: 25-40 guda, wanda bayan watanni 8 a cikin mahaifiyar ya juya zuwa larvae.

LIFESTYLE
Halaye: dabbobin dabbobi kadai, galibi hunturu cikin kungiyoyi.
Abinci: larvae - fleas na ruwa, ƙananan tsutsotsi da kwari na ruwa, manya - tsutsotsi, katantanwa, kwari.

KYAUTATA mai alaƙa
Alimin salamander yana zaune a cikin Alps. Yana haifar da manyan largeaya na 1-2 waɗanda ke yin numfashi a hankali.
Abubuwan launuka na yau da kullun na salamander suna da launin baki tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, amma suna iya zama daban. Salamanders da ke zaune a Spain da Portugal suna da aiyukan da suka kusan ja, yayin da waɗanda ke zaune a Italiya suna da rawaya mai launin rawaya.
Wurin Zama
Wuriyoyi masu duhu a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, ƙasa mai laushi da ciyayi mai yawa - waɗannan sune madaidaiciyar yanayi don rayuwar salamander mai zafi. Ta fi son gandun daji da ba su da tushe, musamman ma waɗanda ke kan tudu - a irin waɗannan wurare ana iya samun nisan da ya kai 1000 m sama da matakin teku. Ma'aikatan salati ga maza da yawa ba su da yawa a cikin ruwa, amma suna buƙatar dabbobin ruwan sama ko wasu tafkunan da ke da ruwa mai zurfi don yin kiwo. Yawan salamanders a Turai yana barnatar da mummunar lalacewar gandun daji da yawa da mahimmancin conifers. Kawar da mazauninsu na al'ada na zama ɗayan babbar barazanar kasancewar masu salati.
KYAUTA
Salamander na Fieryander suna yawan farauta da daddare. Yawancin lokaci yakan shiga neman abinci a yamma kuma yana ƙaunar farauta bayan ruwan sama. Salamander a hankali yana motsawa tare da murfin gandun daji kuma yana neman tsutsotsi, katantanwa, isopods, crustaceans, fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, milipedes ko gizo-gizo. Bayan ganin ganima, yakan bi ta koyaushe, sannan kuma ba zato ba tsammani. Idan ganima yana da girma, ya same ta kuma kawai sai ya ci. A daren da aka jike, salamander ya sami abinci da yawa. Tun kafin wayewar gari, sai ta koma mazauninta, wacce take a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, cikin ɓarna ko kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Yaduwa
Yawancin masu ba da albashi suna ciyar da lokaci daga farkon hunturu zuwa bazara, a cikin yanayi, da ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kututtukan bishiyoyi. Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin bazara, salamanders suna farkawa daga rashin himma. A wannan lokacin, sukan fara lokacin dabbar, wanda zai iya wuce daga lokacin bazara zuwa kaka.
Namiji yana bin macen da take so kuma wani lokacin tana tura kansa. Kodayake mace ta tayar, amma namiji yana kulawa da faɗuwa a ƙarƙashinta. Sannan ya kama hannun ta gaban ta ya saki karamin kaftan ta da maniyyi. Matar ta ɗauki maniyyi kuma tana tura ta zuwa cikin cesspool tare da cinyoyinta. Bayan haka, a jikin mace, qwai yana hadi da kuma haɓaka shi har sai an haife kananan larva. Wannan yawanci yakan faru ne a lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
A cikin bazara ya samo kandami wanda ya dace kuma yana fitar da lardin 25-40 na tsawon tsayin 2.5 cm. larvae mai launin ruwan kasa ne, tare da baƙar fata, yana da ƙananan ƙafa 4 da ƙananan nau'i 3 na ƙwayoyin feathery na waje, waɗanda ke ba da damar yin numfashi a karkashin ruwa. Watanni 3 bayan wannan, suna haɓaka huhu da ƙwayoyin jiki suna raguwa.
LATSA MAI KYAU
Salamander yana da manyan makamai don yakar magabtanku. Duk a bayan ta, kuma musamman a saman kai ta, tana da ƙananan pores wanda, idan akwai haɗari, fito da wani farin ciki na musamman, mai saƙo. Wannan abu mai guba ne sosai har yana iya kashe ɗan dabba mai shayarwa wanda ya yanke shawarar kai hari kan salamander. Mutumin bayan irin wannan lambar yana da alamar tashin hankali.
KO KA SAN CEWA.
WORD "salamander" ya fito ne daga yaren Larabci da Farisanci kuma yana nufin "rayuwa akan wuta."
A zamanin da, mutane suna da tabbacin cewa salamander na iya wucewa ta wuta kuma hakan ba zai cutar da ita ba. Wannan camfin a cikin yaruka da yawa ana tafe da sunan salamander.
A duban farko, masu salati kamar lema ne, saboda haka mutane sukan rikitar dasu. Koyaya, salamander yana da babba da kuma zagaye, kuma fatarta mai laushi ba ta da sikeli. Fata na laushi, ya bambanta, ya bushe kuma an rufe shi da sikeli.
Shekarun salamander masu tsawon rai shine shekaru 25.

LIFEFOOT OF SPOTTEN salamander
Watanni 8 bayan hadi, mazinaciyar mata ta sanya kananan dabbobi a cikin kananan tafkunan. A wannan lokacin, salamander yana zaune a ruwa.
Bayan kimanin watanni 3, ana maye gurbin ƙwayoyin feathery ta huhu, ƙashin ƙafa yana girma - don haka salamander yana shirya rayuwa akan ƙasa.
A wannan lokacin, yarinyar salamander ta riga ta zama ƙaramar iyayenta. Tana barin mazaunin ruwa mai ruwa kuma tafi ƙasa.
Wuraren zama
Yana zaune a Turai daga Spain da Portugal a yamma zuwa yamma Russia, Turkiya da Isra'ila a gabas.
SAURARA
Barazanar lambobi ita ce ƙona mazaunin ɗabi'ar ƙasa. A zamanin da, mutane sun kama shi don amfani dashi azaman dabbobi na dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma ajiye shi a wuraren shakatawa. Yana ƙarƙashin kariya.

Idan kuna son shafinmu, ku gaya wa abokanka game da mu!

Squad: tailed amphibians

Iyali: hakikanin salaman

Bangarori: tsayin jiki - 15 mm - cm cm, a mafi yawan lokuta - 20 - 25 cm, nauyin jikin - daga 30 MG zuwa 80 kg

Tsawon rayuwa: matsakaita na shekaru 20 - 25, amma zai iya kai shekara 50 a bauta.

Salamander wata halitta ce mai ban al'ajabi wacce aka fasalta ta cikin tatsuniyoyi da labarai da yawa. Wani lokacin ma ana kiranta manzan jahannama, wanda yawanci shi ne saboda yawan guba na jinsin mutane.

Kuma ko a yanzu, lokacin da aka fahimci wannan amfaniyanci sosai, har yanzu yana haifar da tsoro cikin wasu.

Salamander wata halitta ce mai ban al'ajabi wacce aka fasalta ta cikin tatsuniyoyi da labarai da yawa. Har ila yau, Kiristocin sun kira ta manzon gidan wuta, wanda ke faruwa ne saboda yanayin guba na nau'in halittu.

Kuma ko a yanzu, lokacin da aka fahimci wannan amfaniyanci sosai, har yanzu yana haifar da tsoro a cikin wasu mutane.

Saungiyar salamander ita ce mafi girma a tsakanin 'yan amphibians. Za'a iya samun ire-iren wadannan amfanoni a sassa daban-daban na duniyar, yayin da kowane wakilin kowa zai sha bamban.

Habitat

Idan kana son duba mafi yawan adadin salaman, to ya kamata ka tafi Arewacin Amurka - an zabi wannan bangare na duniya masu rarrashi.

Hakanan suna zaune a Asiya da Turai, kuma wasu nau'in mutane suna cikin waɗancan wuraren da suka fi dacewa, ba tare da la’akari da kasancewar brothersan’uwa na kusa cikin dangin ba.

Don haka, alal misali, a gabashin Sin, zaka iya ganin mafi girma daga cikin masu biyan albashi. Babbar tabarau ta kai kilogiram 80 a nauyi da nauyin 180-190 a tsayi (tare da jela jikin).

Ana kiran wannan nau'in Sino-gigantic, kuma duk da haɗarinsa na waje, wakilansa suna cin abinci kaɗan: ƙananan kifi, amphibians da invertebrates waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin ruwa.

Ana amfani da babban salamander a matsayin mafi kyawun ambulan a yanzu, don haka ya zama bawai kawai a cikin jinsin sa ba.

Yayi kama da babban salamander. Wannan abincin mai rarrafe ya fi son zama a cikin gandun daji, a kan tuddai, amma dole ne ya zama kandami a kusa.

Wadannan halittu masu ban mamaki na kasar Sin suna fara mutuwa a hankali, saboda abin da kungiyoyin da abin ya shafa ke gudanar da taruka daban daban tare da kwato dukkan rundunansu don kiyaye jinsin.

Don haka, duk da bayyanar ban tsoro mai ban tsoro, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna kan kare kai.

Ban sha'awa!Fiery salamander - wanda ya fi zama wakilin wannan dangi, yana zaune a cikin Turai, amma ana iya samun shi a Jamus, Poland da Portugal. Ana samun wasu alƙaluma ko da a Turkiyya.

Siffar

Salamanders suna zuwa da nau'ikan daban-daban da girma, amma dukansu daidai suke haifar da barazanar sauran halittu. Salamander na Fiery, kamar dai sauran nau'in halittu, shine amphibian mai guba.

Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari cewa yan uwa sun kasu gida biyu:

An bambanta karshen ta hanyar rashin huhu kuma ana iya yin numfashi ta fata kawai.

Wannan dangi yana da kusan nau'ikan 400 a wannan lokacin, kuma wannan adadi don 'yan bangar chihibians suna da yawa sosai.

Amma yawan masu bin sahihancin salati ya ma fi girma, kuma yana karuwa koyaushe: masana kimiyya har ya zuwa yau sun gano sabbin mutane a duniya.

Af, shine nau'in huhun da ba su da irin waɗannan 'yan amfanoni waɗanda za a iya yawan lura da su yayin da suke cikin ruwa.

'Yan uwan' yan gwagwarmayar, wadanda suke da cikakkun sassan jikinsu na dattako, galibi suna iya zuwa bakin teku kuma suna tafiya cikin nutsuwa.

Salamanders, waɗanda suke da nau'in huhun huhun, suna waje daban da takwarorinsu. Jikinsu yana da elongate sosai, wanda shine dalilin da yasa irin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suke kama da macizai. A cikin hoto zaku iya ganin yadda salamander yayi kama, wanda bashi da huhu.

Ban sha'awa!Babbar salamander, in an sanya shi a tsaye, zai wuce tsawo na matsakaicin ɗan adam. A cikin tsayi, wannan dabba ta kai mita 1.7, don haka ita ce maigidan wannan taken "mafi girma a cikin ɓoyayyun iledan hausa." Da kyau, ƙaramin wakilin dangi bai wuce girman tsabar tsabar kuɗi 5-pen ba.

Bayyanar

Dukkanin salaman iri daya ne a tsarin: suna da jiki mai tsoka, dogaye wutsiya, wata gabar jiki da kuma karamin kai.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna motsawa sosai cikin ruwa (kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wannan galibi yana nufin nau'in huɗar rashin ruwa ne), daidai saboda gajerunsu kuma ƙafafun da basu cika ba.

Irin waɗannan 'yan ampiliyan na tagwaye suna da ban sha'awa sosai a launuka iri-iri da girma dabam: a cikin yanayi, zaku iya samun wakilai masu ban mamaki na wasu nau'ikan da suka yi kama da dabbar dodanni.

Dabba mallakar kowane nau'in salamander yana da tsinken eyelids, saboda haka yana iya bincika kewaye.

Bugu da kari, a cikin irin wadannan nau'ikan 'yan dabbobin da ke cikin kunshin, jaws din ba su da matukar ci gaba, kuma hakika yankin na baka bashi da ikon cin abinci mai karfi.

Salamander mai tsananin zafin wuta yana da launi wanda ba a saba dashi ba, wanda zai jawo hankalin duk wani dan yawon shakatawa mara dadi. Amma a bayan bayyanar mai haske yana ɓoye guba mai guba wacce zata iya kashe rayayyun halittu lokaci guda.

Mafi yawancin, wannan dabba mai hadarin yana kama da mai amfani da kullun, alal misali, yayin da bambance-bambance tsakanin su ana samun saukin gane su yayin bincike.

Batun ba wai kawai a cikin canza launi ba ne, wanda ya fi fice a tsakanin masu salati, har ma da sauran dalilai. Amintattun ampan Adam suna da siriri, jiki mai tsayi da idanu masu kyau.

Ban sha'awa!A cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa, an zana salamander a matsayin bawa na sojojin duhu. Wani ɓangare saboda haɗarinsa ga halittun da ke kewaye da su, da kuma saboda bayyanar da ba ta saba ba, duk wani dangin da ya gabata an ɗauke shi babbar haɗari ga mutane. A lokaci guda, guba na wannan amphibian ba zai iya kashe mutum ba, mafi girman tasirin bayan ƙonewa ne.

Tarihi

A watan Mayu 1270, wani runduna na Salamanders ya kai hari Kaer Morhen, maharban Mahallan, kuma ya tona asirin abubuwan maye da abubuwan motsa jiki, wanda Makarantar Wolf ta tsare shi kusan ɗaruruwan shekaru.

Bayan rabu da hanyoyi tare da 'yan uwan ​​mayu da kuma isa Vizima, Geralt ya fara samun ƙarin bayani game da Salamandra: inda yake, yadda ake samar da kuɗi da modus operandi. Farauta kungiyar Salamandra da kuma gano shugabanta ya zama dalilinsa na tuki.

Abubuwan Kyau

An rubuta abubuwa da yawa game da yadda salamander yake, amma a cikin bayyanar sa akwai wani sifa mai ban sha'awa wanda ya bambanta shi da yawancin amphibians: rashi membranes tsakanin yatsunsu.

Irin wannan halin yana iya zama kamar bai da mahimmanci, amma har ma yana tuhumar kasancewar wannan halitta ga wannan nau'in dabbobi.

A cikin hoto - alpine baki newt, ɗaya daga cikin wakilai masu guba na aji na salamander. A lokaci guda, tsayin sa ba zai wuce 12 cm ba, kuma wannan dabbar tana rayuwa ya fi dacewa a cikin gorges da zurfin gandun daji.

Bayanan ban sha'awa ba su ƙarewa a nan, anan akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu:

1. Salamander na Fiery, kamar kowane nau'in daga wannan dangi, yana da guba mai guba, wadda take akan saman fatarta. Glandar parotid ta ɓoye ta, kuma wannan aikin yana ci gaba. Cancantar shine cewa, alal misali, kare yaci salamander, to da sannu zai mutu.
2. Maganin waɗannan dabbobin a cikin sunadarai ana kiran salamander. Ga 'yan Adam, yana da haɗari da gaske lokacin da aka saka shi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka hana amfani da waɗannan' yan amfanoni don abinci. Abin lura shine gaskiyar cewa suna amfani da guba kawai don kare kai, ba don farauta ba.
3. Babbar salamander ta fi son kasancewa cikin ruwa, kuma ya fi daidai: cikin sanyi da kuma kwari rafukan dutsen. Kuma duk da girman sa, wannan dabbar ba ta qin jin cin kwari da crustaceans, tana canza su da kifi. Lokacin aikin wannan nau'in: lokacin dare.
4. Dukkanin salaman suna da ikon sake tsara wutsiya ba wai kawai wutsiya ba, harma da sauran gabar. Ta wannan fasalin sun yi kama da masu maye, amma a wannan yanayin suma sun riske su kan ci gaba.
5. Dangane da labarin tarihin Jamusawa, wannan dangin amarya ya kebanta da ruhun wuta. Haka kuma, Jamusawa a cikin labarunsu sun danganta ga salamandawan damar jure yanayin zafin wuta ba tare da lalacewa ba. Daga yadda ake hango bangaskiyar kirista, wadannan halittu manzannin shaidan ne. Tabbas, yin hukunci ta hanyar da salamander yayi, irin wannan ra'ayin na iya tashi.

Ba duk jinsin waɗannan amphibians suna da bayyanar firgita ba, tunda mutane da yawa suna da tsaka tsaki. Amma salamander mai walƙiya cikin sauƙi yana motsa tsoro tare da launi ɗaya kawai: launin rawaya mai haske ko ruwan lemo mai launin fata, wani lokacin launin ruwan kasa.

Ban sha'awa!Wannan dabbar ta faɗa cikin rashin himma, kamar sauran jama'a. A kusa da Oktoba, mai guba mai aminci yana ɓoye a cikin tarin ganye, kuma wani lokacin har da huddles tare da 'yan uwansa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Abincin da ke cikin irin wannan caudate amphibian kamar salamander, zuwa ɗan ƙaramin abu ya dogara da nau'in sa.

Masu kaddara tsakanin waɗannan dabbobin ana iya kirga su a yatsunsu na hannu ɗaya, yayin da aka samo adadin dangi a duk kusurwar duniya.

Wannan ya faru ne sabili da rashin isassun muƙamula da ragowar rukunin wannan rukunin. Gabaɗaya, menu na yau da kullun na kowane wakilin sa galibi ya haɗa da:

• matafila
• gizo-gizo da gizo-gizo
• dunƙulewar ciyawar ƙasa,
• kananan sababbi da frogs (musamman salamander wuta yana son su).

Idan muka yi magana game da manyan mutane na waɗannan amintattun, to sun fi son amfani da su,

Manyan salamander da wasu mutane na wannan dangin suna rayuwa a jikin ruwa. Wadannan halittun suna farauta da dare, yayin da rana ayyukansu 'yan kadan ne.

Bugu da kari, sun gwammace kada su kai hari kan magabata, da rage yiwuwar haduwa da abokan gaba kadan.

A cikin hoto zaku iya ganin yadda babban gizon salamander ya zauna a hannun mutum. Wannan ya sake kawo hukunci game da hukuncin cewa wadannan halittun suna da ikon cin mutane.

Ban sha'awa!Af, har yanzu akwai tatsuniya game da rashin tasirin salamander. A wani lokaci, mutane suna jin tsoron waɗannan dabbobin da suka danganta ikonsu na ban mamaki, wanda ya sa wasu bayanan abubuwan da suka gabata game da wannan dangin suka gurbata sosai.

Kiwo

Saeryander Firam ya fi son yin kiwo nan da nan bayan ɓarauniya. Yayin wannan lokacin, tana nuna matsakaicin aikin kuma gaba daya aikin yayi ne domin hadi.

Wannan tsari, da kuma wasannin tsalle-tsalle, ana faruwa ne a ƙasa tare da waɗannan burin.

A cikin maza, ana yin akwati na musamman a cikin abin da kwayar kwayar cuta ke ciki (maniyyina).

Da zarar ya zama cikakke, namiji ya ɗora shi a ƙasa. Bayan haka, mace na matsa wa maniyyi, sakamakon abin da yakasance.

A karshen, mace na iya sanya sel 'gama' cikin ruwa, ko kuma ci gaba da ɗaukar su a ciki. Hakanan za'a iya haihuwa karamin larvae ta hanyoyi biyu:

• ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai kai tsaye cikin ruwa,
• bayan aiwatar da haihuwa mai rai.

Duk abin ya dogara da mahaifiyar zuriya da zaɓin ta. Af, masanan kimiyya ba su tsai da takamaiman yadda salamanin suka aikata shi ba.

A bayyane yake, ilhamar mahaifiyar tana da alhakin waɗannan ayyukan, amma ba a tabbatar da wannan ka'idar gaba ɗaya ba.

Jariri ya juya zuwa ya girma bayan ya kai shekara 3. Bayan haka, zai iya yin rayuwa tsawon shekaru 12-15 kuma ya yi kiwo a kai a kai.

Ban sha'awa!Akwai mutane da shekarunsu suka cika shekaru 50 ko fiye da haka ba sa ganuwa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, irin waɗannan ma'aikatan salaman suna girma a cikin yanayin ƙasa kuma har zuwa lokacin ƙarshe don samun damar samar da kansu samfuran mahimmanci kansu.

A wani lokaci, ana jita-jita cewa an sami babban salamander mai shekaru 200 a cikin China. An rarraba wannan bayanin ba kawai ta hanyar tashar ba da nishaɗi ba, har ma da manyan wallafe-wallafen A cikin hoto daidai yake da kama masanin talakawa.

Ban sha'awa!Kasar China tana daya daga cikin kasashe kalilan a duniya wadanda har yanzu ake ci da masu salati. Labari ne game da wakilan mafi girma na dangi. Don dalilai na likita, ana amfani da wasu sassan jikin mutum da abubuwan da aka fitar daga jikin wannan amphibian.

Kamar sauran dabbobi masu haɗari, ana iya kiyaye salamander a cikin gidansa, lura da matakan aminci da bayar da kulawa ta dace.

Ga waɗannan amintattun, kamar yadda suke tare da abun ciki , kuma ya fi kyau a sayi filin shakatawa ko mai siffar sukari.

Don cika shi da ƙasa madaidaiciya, zaku iya amfani da cakuda gansakuka, haushi, peat, ƙasa da gawayi. A wannan yanayin, moss ɗin zai buƙaci maye gurbin kullun, tunda a cikin terrarium bazai iya girma ba.

Dokoki masu mahimmanci don kiyaye salamander:

1. Ba za ku iya shayar da wurin da amphibian din yake ba, saboda wannan, ba zai iya yin numfashi da nutsuwa ba. Wadannan dabbobin suna jure yanayin zafi sosai.
2. Lokacin azumi na wannan abin rarrabuwar dabi'a ce. Ba za ta iya ci ba lokacin ora.
3. A matsayin haske, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da fitilun da ba su shafar zazzabi, ko kuma mai kyalli. Don yin ado da terrarium, zaka iya amfani da tsirrai da manyan duwatsu.
4. Dole ne mu manta game da mahimman tafarkin, wanda kuke buƙatar maye gurbin ruwan a kai a kai.

Saeryander Fiery a cikin filin baranda. Wannan jariri yana motsawa a hankali kuma yana ganin yana da girma.

Salamander: Minian ƙaramin Whelp tare da Tarihi mai wadatarwa

Salamander yayi kama da ɗan ƙaramin ƙaƙa na talakawa tare da canza launi, amma tarihin bayyanarsa ya cika da tatsuniyoyi da asirai da yawa. Kari akan haka, wannan halittar zata iya motsawa cikin ruwa kuma tana da ikon sake saita gabar jiki.

Salamandra (Salamandra) - dabba ce na aji na amphibian (amphibian), tsari mai kyau na ta amphibian. An fassara shi daga harshen Farisa, sunan dabbar yana nufin "ƙonewa daga ciki."

Masu biyan ruwa ruwa suna ciyar da nau'ikan kananan kifaye, crayfish, crabs, mollusks, da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari da amphibians.

Ya danganta da kewayon, wasu nau'in salamanders suna hibernate a cikin lokacin sanyi, a kaɗaice ko a cikin rukuni, suna murƙushe cikin ganye da sauran kyawawan tsire-tsire, kuma suna farkawa da farkon bazara.

Iri salamanders, sunaye da hotuna

Tsarin zamani ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan nau'ikan salamanders, waɗanda suke cikin iyalai daban-daban:

• hakikanin salaman (Salamandridae),
• salati masu maganin huhu (Plethodontidae),
• hawtho tho (Cryptobranchidae).

Mai zuwa bayanin kwatanci ne na ire-iren salamanders da yawa:

• Wutar salamander ita hange salamander ko talakawasalamander (Salamandra salamandra )

mafi yawan jinsuna a kan yankin Turai, waɗanda wakilansu suka bambanta da girma, tsawon rayuwa (a cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 50), da launi mai haske (gargaɗi) mai launi. Tsawon salamander tare da wutsiya ya kasance daga cm 23 zuwa 30. Babban launi jikin mutum baƙaƙen fata ne, mai cike da launuka masu launin shuɗi ko launin rawaya, waɗanda suke a ko'ina cikin jiki, amma sun banbanta da na al'ada. Symmetry yana fitowa ne kawai a kafafu da kai. An bambanta salamander na wuta daga yawancin mambobi na dangi ta hanyar haihuwa da kuma tsoron ruwa. Dabbobin ana tilasta su sauko cikin jikin ruwa ne kawai a lokacin kiwo. Salamander na yau da kullun yana zaune a cikin gandun daji, filin motsa jiki da shimfidar wurare na tuddai na Turai da arewacin arewacin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

• Salamander Lusitanian salamander (salamander na zinare)(Chioglossa lusitanica )

wani nau'in nau'in amphibian ne mai wuya, wakilan waɗanda suke girma zuwa 15-16 cm a tsawon, amma suna da wutsiya mai tsayi sosai, lissafin 2/3 na jimlar jiki. Launi na salamander baƙi ne, tare da izinin wucewa rafi 2 na bakin ciki ko ratsin gwal mai tsari a jere. Duk fuskar ta baya tana cike da ƙananan dige shuɗi. Wani mahimmin fasali na dabba shine cewa salamander Lusiteniya ta kama ganima ta hanyar taimakon harshen da aka jefa gaba, kamar kwaɗi. Salamander yana keɓantacce a yankuna na arewacin Spain da Fotigal.

• Alsalam salamander (salamander)(Salamandra atra )

waje yana kama da na wuta, amma ya banbanta cikin kyakkyawan jin daɗi da launin launi iri-iri na fata. Tsawon jikin mutum na dabba ya kai 9-14 cm (wani lokacin 18 cm). Masu albashin Alpine suna rayuwa a tsawan sama da nisan mita 700 sama da matakin teku, sun fifita wuraren tsaunukan dutse da bankunan koguna. Yawan nau'in ya bazu zuwa tsakiyar tsakiya da gabashin lardin: Ya kasance daga Switzerland da Austria zuwa Serbia, Croatia da Montenegro.

• ita ce tarantolin (Salamandrina terdigitata )

daban-daban fasalin V-dimbin yawa wanda ke kan kai, siffar wanda yake kama da tabarau. Launin Jiki yana launin ruwan kasa duhu, kusan baƙi, “tabarau” na iya zama ja, rawaya ko fari. Abun ciki na salamander yana da haske ja mai launi, wanda dabbar ta nuna wa abokan gaba azaman na'urar firgita. Yankin jinsunan suna da fadi sosai: ana iya samun salamander mai ban sha'awa kawai a kudancin Italiya, a cikin dazuzzukan daji na tsaunukan Apennine.

wani nau'in halitta ne mai saukin samun salamanders mai dogon gashi tare da tsawon jikinsa wanda bai wuce 15 cm ba, wanda mafi yawa shine wutsiya. Jikin kunkuntar, launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata, a cikin mafi yawan wakilan jinsunan an rufe su da filayen launin rawaya mai haske, mai kama da salamander na wuta. Amma ba kamar ɗayan na ƙarshen ba, Saucander na Caucasian yana motsawa da sauri, kamar mai shayarwa, yana iyo sosai. Dabbobin suna cikin rukuni na masu rauni kuma yana rayuwa ne kawai a yankin dazuka da kuma gefen gawarwakin ruwa a Turkiyya da Georgia.

An rarrabe ta da kauri mai kauri, lafiyayyen jiki da ƙafafun ƙarfi masu ƙarfi. Tsawon jikin salamander ya kasance daga 7.5 zuwa 14.5 cm Jikin yana launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi, mai jigon launuka masu azurfa. Salamander yana zaune a cikin jihohin arewa maso gabashin Amurka (Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky).

• Spring Salamander(Gyrinophilus porphyriticus )

musamman m da kuma iya sa har zuwa qwai 132. Gangar jikin, yana girma daga 12 zuwa 23 cm tsayi, yana da launi mai haske ja ko ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙananan duhu. Salamander yana zaune a yankuna na Amurka da Kanada a cikin tsaunukan Appalachians.

• Salamander na Pacific(Ensatina eschscholtzii )

Tana da karamin kai, kauri, mai kauri, kusan rabin 14.5 cm kuma mai gaɓoɓin fata a gefenta, tana yin ƙaramin fayiloli. Wani ɗan mazaunin tsaunukan tsaunukan Kanada, Amurka da Mexico.

Biyan kuɗi na Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica

Peungiyar Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi

Biyan kuɗin Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis

yana girma cikin tsayi daga 7 zuwa 12 cm kuma yana da hasken nondescript ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Salamander yana da wutsiya na jijiyoyin wuya, wanda akanshi ne, kan hawa hawa dekuna, yayi tsalle sosai ga gajeran nisa da yin saƙo da ƙarfi. Matsakaicin mazaunin jinsunan suna iyakance ga jihar California ta Amurka da kuma jihar Baja California ta Mexico.

• Dwarf Salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata )

Ita ce mafi karancin salamander a duniya. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kasance daga 5 zuwa 8.9 cm.Kuma kuma wani ɗan ƙaramar salamander (lat. Desmognathus wrighti), yana girma cikin tsayi daga cm 3 zuwa 5. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna zaune ne a jihohin arewacin Amurka.

Mafi girman salamander a duniya, shine mafi girma a cikin amphibian a duniya. Tsawon jikin mutum na wani girma da wutsiyarsa ya kai 180 cm, kuma nauyin jikin - 70 kg. Salamander mai tsananin ban dariya yana zaune a cikin jikkunan ruwa a gabashin China.

Salamander– shi neyar amarya cewa mutane sun ji tsoron a zamanin da. Sun rubuta tatsuniyoyi game da ita kuma sun danganta damar iyawa na sihiri. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan haɗarinsa da launi mara kyau. Idan ka fassara sunan ta daga harshen Farisanci, sai ta juya - "kona daga ciki."

Rarraba

Yana zaune a Turai daga Spain da Portugal a yamma zuwa yamma Russia, Turkiya da Isra'ila a gabas. Wasu ma'aikatan salafi suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa kuma sun banbanta da na makwabta wajen wadatar kwayar halitta, alal misali, 'yar kasar Sin mai ban dariya - wani dangi hawtho tho . Salamanders, na dangin shaho, suna zaune a Amurka ta Amurka, China da Japan.

Iyali salati masu maganin huhu kan aiwatar da juyin halitta, gabaɗaya huhun huhu, ba tare da an karɓi kwayoyin ba a lokaci guda. Saboda haka, yan uwa dole suyi numfasawa tare da taimakon fata da mucous membranes na bakin ciki. Wadannan salamanders suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi da kwari, a tsaunuka da ƙananan kwari, kan tsiro da kuma a cikin lambunan ƙauyuka. Ma'aikatan da ke daɗaɗar ƙwaƙwalwa marasa lafiya galibi suna zaune ne a Sabuwar Duniyar: suna yaɗu a yankuna da ke rufe wuraren tsaunuka da katako na Kanada, gami da kwararar ruwa da ƙananan wurare na Bolivia da Brazil. Yawancin nau'ikan suna zaune a Turai, kuma nau'in guda ɗaya (lat. Karsenia koreana) za'a iya samu a Koriya ta Kudu.

Wakilan dangi hakikanin salaman , shine ke haifar da fifikon duniya, suna da tsarin numfashi wanda wasu huhun huhu suka wakilta. Wadannan masu bayar da salafiyya sun yadu a Turai, suna zaune a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, a Asiya andarama da China, ana samun ƙananan nau'in dabbobi a Indochina da Indiya, kewayon ya hada da yankuna daga Kudancin Kanada har zuwa arewacin arewacin Mexico. Namiji huɗu na salamanders kawai ke zaune a Rasha.

Yanayi da salon salamander

Salamanders, dukda cewa su masu rance ne, amma kafin farauta, a watan Oktoba, tara a kungiyoyi. A haɗe su tsira daga wannan lokacin mara kyau a kansu, a cikin tudu, a tsibin ganye.

Suna farauta da daddare, a lokacin da suke ɓoyewa a cikin mafaka daga haskoki na rana. Kusa da mazaunin su, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kamata a sami tafki. Sukan kama ganima da kaifi, sa'an nan su rufe shi da jikinsu. Bayan ɗan gajeren gwagwarmaya, wanda aka azabtar ya ƙone duka.

Mai salamander yana da abokanan dabi'un da yawa da zasu tsere, dabbar ta bar wutsiyarta ko ƙafarta a hakoransu da haƙoransu, da sauri suka gudu.

Kodayake waɗannan amintattun masu guba da masu guba, asirinsu baya haifar da lahani ga mutum .. Zai iya haifar da haushi a hannu kawai, kuma idan ya hau kan mucous membranes - yana ƙonewa ga bakin ko idanu. Sabili da haka, da taɓa taɓa amphibian, yana da kyau a wanke hannuwanku da kyau, saboda rashin daidaituwa ba ya cutar da kanku.

A yau, mutane da yawa suna so su ci gaba da wannan yar amana a gida. Kuna iya siyan salamander na wuta a cikin ɗakunan kulawa na musamman ko a shagunan dabbobi. Don rayuwa, zasu buƙaci babban filin kwance. Ana cakuda cakuda ganyayyaki, sphagnum da peat yawanci akan gashin ƙasa. An shirya karamin kandami a ciki. Ya kamata walƙiya ya yi ƙasa, kuma zazzabi kada ya wuce digiri 25.

Me salamanda ke ci?

Ana kiran su mazaunan dare. A cikin daji, sukan tafi farauta da dare. Tun daga dare har zuwa wayewar gari, suna iya bin abin da za su ci. Don samun abinci, masu salati suna kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar da jikinsu gaba ɗaya sannan suyi ƙoƙarin hadiye duka.

Abincin dabbobi ya dogara da mazauni. Mutane da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa suna ciyar da ƙaramin kifi, katantanwa, murkushe kifi, mollus, fuka-fuka, da ƙananan kwari, dabbobi, da dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Wani salamander da ke zaune a duniya yana cin abinci a larvae, katantanwa, tsutsotsi, tsintsaye, da kuma cin kwari iri-iri. Daga cikin su: mangwaro, sauro, gizo-gizo da kwari. Manyan membobin cikin iyali sun kama ƙananan sabbin yara da kwazo.

Salamander kiwo

Salamander na balaga ya faru ne lokacin da yake shekaru biyu zuwa huɗu, yawanci lokacin da suka kai tsayin cm 12 zuwa 14. Mating yakan faru ne bayan lokacin sanyi. Sabili da haka, idan kuna shirin zuriyar amphibians, to, suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar hunturu a wucin gadi - da farko zazzage zuwa + 8 ... + 14, sannan (a Afrilu) haɓaka shi zuwa + 18 ... + 23. Plusari, zaku iya sanya ƙarin abubuwa a cikin terrarium, inda ma'auratan zasu iya samun mafaka. Ba a ba da Amfibians abinci a lokacin hunturu.

Dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta fara ne a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Salamanders dabbobi ne masu matukar tasiri, saboda haka, bayan watanni 9-10 bayan hadi, mace zata sanya larva cikin ruwa. Yawan larvae na iya kaiwa 25-30.

Nan da nan bayan haihuwar, jariran za su buƙaci sanya su a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen akwatin kifin tare da m sharaɗi da tacewa da kuma kiyaye zafin ruwan + 12-17. Ya kamata a sami yankin ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Yara suna buƙatar ciyar da coretra, cyclops, daphnia, da dai sauransu Bayan watanni uku zuwa biyar, thean sandar zata kai cm 5 a girma kuma zasu sami damar sauka.

Kiwon lafiya da cututtukan halayyar mutum

Cututtukan halayyar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na caudate amphibians:

Idan lokacin molting zaka lura salamander baya wucewa kuma galibi yana daskarewa, karka damu. Wannan al'ada ce a wannan lokacin. Ita kawai tana bukatar a barta ita kadai kuma ba a tsince ta ba. Amphibian ta fada cikin yanayin rashin tsoro a cikin hunturu, haka kuma a lokacin yanayi. Salamander babban dabbar dabbobi ne.

Kasancewa da irin wannan mu'ujiza a cikin gidan ku, tabbas ba za ku damu ba, saboda lura da halayen ɗalibi yana kawo farin ciki mai yawa. Amphibian yana jin daɗin zaman talala, baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma baya haifar da wata matsala a cikin hayaniya, datti ko wasu rashin jin daɗi. Za'a iya farawa ta hanyar sabon shiga. Kuna iya siyan salamander akan farashin 15 zuwa 40 daloli.

• Salamander na Fiery, kamar kowane nau'in daga wannan dangi, yana da guba mai guba, wadda take akan saman fatarta. Glandar parotid ta ɓoye ta, kuma wannan aikin yana ci gaba. Cancantar shine cewa, alal misali, kare yaci salamander, to da sannu zai mutu.
• Maganin waɗannan dabbobin a cikin sunadarai ana kiran salamander. Ga 'yan Adam, yana da haɗari da gaske lokacin da aka saka shi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka hana amfani da waɗannan' yan amfanoni don abinci. Abin lura shine gaskiyar cewa suna amfani da guba kawai don kare kai, ba don farauta ba.
• Babbar salamander ta fi son kasancewa cikin ruwa, kuma ya fi daidai: cikin sanyi da kuma kwari rafukan dutsen. Kuma, duk da girmanta, wannan dabba ba ta ƙin jin cin kwari da crustaceans, tana canza su da kifi. Lokacin aikin wannan nau'in: lokacin dare.
• Dukkanin salaman suna da ikon sake tsara wutsiya ba wai kawai wutsiya ba, harma da sauran gabar. Ta wannan fasalin sun yi kama da masu maye, amma a wannan yanayin suma sun riske su kan ci gaba.
• Sun ce salamander mai tsananin zafi (hange) tana haifuwa ne kawai lokacin da tsawa mai karfi ta taso. Hakanan, yayin rikici, jahilai suna ƙoƙarin samun wani matsayi a cikin al'umma.
• Dangane da labarin tarihin Jamusawa, wannan dangin amarya ya kebanta da ruhun wuta.Haka kuma, Jamusawa a cikin labarunsu sun danganta ga salamandawan damar jure yanayin zafin wuta ba tare da lalacewa ba. Daga yadda ake hango bangaskiyar kirista, wadannan halittu manzannin shaidan ne. Tabbas, yin hukunci ta hanyar da salamander yayi, irin wannan ra'ayin na iya tashi.
• Yawancin nau'ikan suna cikin jeri na Red Book, saboda suna cikin haɗari. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ana farautar dabbobi don samun guba. Kuma a wasu ƙasashe, ana ɗaukar abincinsu a matsayin mai daɗi.
• Alamar wakilcin Alabama (Amurka) ita ce norway salamander.
• A ranakun rana, ammaniyanci baya barin tsari mai sanyi da duhu. Haka kuma, wadanda suke shirin aikata laifi a yayin ɓoyewar daren suna nuna kansu.
• Salamander ba almara bane, amma yana cikin rukunan amphibians ne. Hakanan, kada ku rikitar da harshen da ya dace da mai aljani daga zurfin wutar jahannama.
• Idan gashi ya fadi daga guba na salamander mai tabo, to daraja da kyawawan sunayen mutum zasu ɓace daga ɓarna.
• Kyawawan wurare a bayan dabba na iya nuna alamar munafunci, wanda kullun yake sanya abin rufe fuska.

Bidiyo

Salamanders yan amphibians ne da ke ƙarƙashin tsarin salamanders, tsari na waɗanda aka fatattaka. A cikin bayyanar suna da ƙarfi, jiki yana ɗaukar nauyi lokacin da take da jujjuyawar takobi da jela mai zagaye. Akwai gland mai yawa akan fatar. Mafi yawansu suna mayar da hankali ne a bangarorin jiki, a baya da bayan kunnuwa. Yatsun yatsu 4 akan goshin, da kuma 5 a gabobin baya .. Halittu mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki shine salamander.

Dabba ita ce gwarzo na almara da yawa har ma da tatsuniyoyi, kuma duk godiya ga tabbacin cewa amphibian ba ya ƙone da wuta. Tabbas, bai kamata ku yi izgili ga mai salamander ba don tabbatar da gaskiyar waɗannan kalmomin, amma idan hakan ta faru da dabba ya shiga wuta, to ba zai mutu ba, amma, wataƙila, zai gudu. Mai salamander yana da gamsai wanda ke daurewa daga fata. Ita ce ke taimaka wajan kawar da mummunan tasirin wuta. Af, saboda madara da fari secretion, wannan halitta an dauke shi mai mutuwa ga dan adam shekaru da yawa.

Mafi mashahuri kuma sanannen shine salamander na wuta. Dabbobin sun sami suna ne saboda launin ruwan lemu-lemo mai launin fari, wani lokacin kuma ana kiranta da tabo. amphibian - Turai, ban da yankin arewa, Wet da wurare masu duhu - wannan shine abin da salamander yake ƙaunar sosai. fi son ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, Tushen itace, a cikin ramuka. 'Yar zazzabi tana jin daɗin girma a cikin gandun daji inda zafi yake gudana. Idan yanayin zafi ya dawwara na dogon lokaci kuma adadin ruwa da ake buƙata bai faɗi ba, to mazaunin wannan wuri na salamander yana cikin tambaya, tunda amman ba zai iya kasancewa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi da ƙarancin zafi.

Babban kuskuren dabba shine jinkirinsa. Saboda wannan, ba sa iya bambanta abincinsu da ciyar da yawancin katantanwa, kwari mai narkewa, ciyawar duniya. Wasu lokuta sukan kai hari kananun hanyoyi. Shiru shima dalilin yasa salamander ya zama wanda aka azabtar dashi da yawa daga masu hasashen. Dabba na iya zama abincin dare don abincin masara, masara, jumfani, mujiya. Abinda ke da halayyar, gamsaiwar maƙaryaci ba sa aiki a kowace hanya ta masu farauta, a gare su ba shi da lahani.

Salamander yana cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rai, masu bayyanannu a cikin 'yan tsintsaye suna kama da tadpoles, kamar kwaɗi. Daga lokacin haihuwar har zuwa farkon kaka suna cikin ruwa, kuma idan sanyi ya yi sanyi, sukan fita zuwa ƙasa don ɓoyewa cikin aminci. A cikin hunturu, dukkan masu shaƙatawa suna sanya hibernate. Na dogon lokaci, mutane sunyi imanin cewa bakuwar sirrin salamander ta hanyar fata tana da mutu'a ba kawai ga kananan jijiyoyi ba, har ma ga manyan dabbobi da mutane. A zahiri, guba da wasu nau'ikan ke cutar da su, amma ba ya haifar da mutuwa.

Salamander baya taɓa kaiwa mutum hari. Hoton wannan lizard ya nuna cewa ba ta da kayan aikin kai hari. Ammaniyanci bashi da kiba, hakora, jijiyoyi, sabili da haka, don kare kanka daga guba, kawai kar ku taɓa shi. Tare da tuntuɓar lamba tare da salamander, gamsai na iya shiga jiki har ta fata. Guba yana da ikon shafar kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, saboda haka yakamata a kiyaye matakan kiyayewa yayin haɗuwa da masu amo.