Sviyaz - ɗayan shahararrun tsuntsayen arewa. Ana kiranta sau da yawa a cikin whistler, fistula, ko scum. Duck ya sami sunan daidai ga ikon sa sautin da baƙon abu wanda yayi kama da saƙo.
Tana zaune a yankin arewacin-daji mai tuddai da tundra-tundra, kuma masu sanyi a cikin wurare masu dumin dumu - a Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Afirka, Indochina. Sviyazi ducks suna zaune a cikin manyan fakitoci, don haka kusan ba zai yuwu a sadu da su daya bayan daya ba A wasu halaye, adadin mutane na iya wuce dubbai. Ducks suna taruwa a cikin ciyayi masu ciyawa, rafuffukan rami da filayen noma.
Bayyanar duck
Duck yana da girman babba daidai, waɗanda ke na biyu kawai ga mallards. Tsuntsu tsawon 45-55 cm ne kuma yana da fikaffi mai nauyin 75-85 cm. Yana da gajeren wuya, wutsiya da yatsan gajere.
Ofaya daga cikin sifofin za'a iya kiransa babban goshin dutsen sviyazi, har da fararen fararen fuka-fuki a jikin fikafikan. Jikin tsuntsu yana da kuzari kuma mai fasali. Matsakaicin nauyin namiji sviyazi shine gram 600-1000, da mata - 500-900 grams.
Namijin dabbar daji sviyazi yana da kyakkyawar bayyanar. Yana da kan kirjin tare da ratsi na gwal, farin ciki, bakin ciki mai launin ja, yashe launin toka, wutsiyar baƙar fata da tarnaƙi.
Featan ƙananan gashin fuka-fukai a ƙaramin ɓangaren reshin dutsen, wanda galibi ana kiran su da madubi, ana jefa su a falle-falle da launin kore, kuma kafadu, waɗanda aka yi musu ado da fararen fata, suna sa tsuntsu ya zama mai ƙarfi da gani.
Gefen yana da laushi mai kyau tare da baki, kuma kafafu suna launin toka. Matan Sviyazi sun fi saukin kai a cikin kayansu. An wakilta shi da sautunan launin toka-launin toka, yana mai da basu ganuwa cikin yanayi.
Muryar musamman ta tsuntsu
Ana jin ɓarnar da ciyawar ko da nesa mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke ba mu damar bambanta su da sauran tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga launi mai haske na kabeji da muryar da ba a saba ba. Abin sha'awa, maza da mata suna yin sautuna daban-daban. A lokutan talakawa, mutane na ducks suna yin sauti da sauti mai kyau "svii-u" ko "pic-u", suna tunatar da sautin kuka ko kuma sautin abin da abin wasa na roba yake sawa.
Yayin lokacin kiwo, muryar ma'aurata suna canzawa kaɗan, yana ƙara bayanin kula na musamman. Maza suna kiran mace da kukan “frri-ruu” ko “svii-ru”. Matan ducks sun amsa tare da girgizawa, suna tunawa da sautin "Kerr".
Fasali na tsuntsaye iri iri
Matasan wakilan ducks na daji suna shirye don ƙirƙirar zuriya a cikin farkon shekarar rayuwa. A wasu halaye, mace ba ta aure, tana jiran lokacin bazara mai zuwa. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa wani ɓangare na nau'i biyu na ducks an kafa shi a cikin kaka kafin tashi zuwa lokacin zafi, kuma ɗayan sashin nan da nan yayin jirgin. Mafi sau da yawa, tsuntsaye sukan koma gidajensu na farauta a cikin nau'i-nau'i.
Don tsuntsaye masu farauta suna zaɓan wuraren da ba a ɓoye a cikin ciyawar da ciyawar bara ko ciyawa. Mace ta gina gida, wadda ke cikin rami mai zurfi na cm cm cm 7. Yayin ginin, duck yana amfani da ruwan mura. A lokacin daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni, mace na sanya ƙwai, wanda a cikin matsakaici akwai ƙwai 6-10 a cikin kama.
Kwanakin farko na farawa, duck na kusa da mace, amma bayan wani lokaci sai an cire shi saboda lokacin molting. Sannan suna kan lakunan Siberiya, a cikin deltas na kogin Volga da Ural.
Mace mai suna sviyazi takan kama ƙwai akan matsakaita tsawon kwanaki 25.
Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan bayyanar, jariran sun bushe kuma suna bin mahaifiyarsu. Sun riga sun bude idanu da kunnuwa, suna iyo da kyau, suna koyon neman abinci a farkon kwanakin rayuwa. Duan kwayayen daskararre sun sami damar tashi da kansu lokacin da suke da kwanaki 40-45. A wannan lokacin, brood ya watse. Tsuntsaye sukan taru a ƙarshen watan Agusta, lokacin da suka tashi zuwa lokacin zafi don hunturu.
Gidajen duck
Sviyaz yana zaune ne a ƙasar Rasha, Scandinavia, Arewacin Caucasus da Finland. Hakanan zaka iya lura dasu a Iceland da kuma tsibiran da ke kusa da bakin tekun Arctic. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya ganin manyan rukunin tsuntsaye a cikin yankunan taiga, kuma a cikin ɓangaren Turai suna kusan ba su nan. Ana samun dimbin mazaunan jeji a tafkin Baikal, gefen kudu na tsaunin Altai, a gabar Tekun Okhotsk, a cikin yankin Palearctic da Kamchatka.
Don duck na nesting yana zaɓar magudanan ruwa mai ƙasa da laka. Da ake bukata mutum shine kasancewar ciyayi mai ɗumbin yawa, har tsuntsayen ya aminta lafiya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za a iya ganin duckweed a cikin ruwa na baya, fadama ko layukan gandun daji.
A cikin hunturu, ducks suna tarawa cikin rukuni kuma suna tashi zuwa wurare dabam dabam da kuma ɗakunan dumi. Mafi yawan lokuta shine Yammacin Turai, sassan kudancin Japan da Asiya, Rum.
'Ya'yan lambu ducks
Sviyaz - tsuntsu wanda ke ciyar da abinci na shuka. Sun iya samun abinci ba wai kawai a ruwa ba, har ma a bakin teku, ciyawar ciyawa. Yawancin abincin Sviyazi yawanci shine kamar haka:
- kwararan fitila da rhizomes na tsire-tsire masu ruwa,
- harbe
- koren ganye
- tsaba
- duckweed,
- ganye daban-daban
- hatsi.
Hakanan ana ciyar da abinci na gari a cikin abincin duck din, kodayake suna da wuya. Ustswan fari, tsutsotsi, mollusks, soya kifi da tadpoles suna wakilta.
Mafi sau da yawa, duck yana ci da rana. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna, wuraren abinci za'a iya ambaliya yayin ambaliyar ruwa. Sannan ana jujjuya da tsarin abinci kuma kaza yakan ciyar da safe ko da dare.
Wasu tabbatattun bayanai
Sviyaz ba ta da sha'awar nutsewa, amma a cikin abincinta sau da yawa akwai rhizomes da ciyawa mai ban sha'awa waɗanda ke girma a ƙasan kogin. Tsuntsaye masu hikima suna amfani da taimakon wani ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba da kansu a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ana iya samun squid sau da yawa a kusa da swans, inda suke karɓar abincin da ya ragu daga saman ruwa.
Tsarin farawa na Svyazi yana da tsayi sosai, amma cikin tsawon tsawon lokacin baya rasa ikon tashi. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsaye na sauka a hankali, kuma ba duka lokaci daya ba. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a yi girma da su kuma a bar tsuntsu ya tashi. A cikin sauran wakilan ducks na daji, tsarin molting yana da sauri. Abin da ya sa suke jiran lokacin haɗari a cikin matsanancin duhu ba tare da yiwuwar tashi ba.
Tsawon rayuwar tsuntsaye ya kai shekaru 15 idan suna rayuwa a cikin bauta. A karkashin yanayin halitta, ducks suna rayuwa kaɗan kuma ba kasafai suke wuce shekaru 2-3 ba. Sviyaz yana da mahimmancin masana'antu. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana haƙa su a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da suke taruwa cikin manyan gungu. An dauki Duck daya daga cikin mafi kyau dangane da ingancin nama.
Tsuntsayen sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Mazaunin ya wuce murabba'in kilomita miliyan 10. A wannan fannin, a matsakaita, ana iya samun mutane miliyan 2.8-3.3 na wutson ducks.
MENENE Abincin
Sviyaz - duke herbivorous duck. Tsuntsu yafi ciyar da ganyayyaki kore, kwararan fitila da rhizomes na tsire-tsire masu ruwa. Lessarancin lokaci, sviyazi ku ci tsaba da kuma abincin dabbobi. Daga abincin dabbobi, tsuntsayen ci yawancin mollus da fari. Abin da waɗannan tsuntsayen ke ci gaba da dogara ne da yanayin ciyarwa a wani yanki na mazaunin su.
Ducks yawanci kuje yayin rana. Koyaya, a cikin wuraren da wuraren ambaliyar ruwa ke ambaliyar da ambaliyar ruwa a yayin rana, ciyarwar jeji da safe da maraice. Idan tsuntsayen suna zaune a kofar gida kusa da mutum, to ana tilasta su fita su ciyar da dare. Abinda aka fi so daga jeji shine ciyawar ɗan ƙaramin ciyayi da ke girma a cikin gishirin gishirin bakin teku. Ana samun ɓangaren abincin da tsuntsayen ke samu a gefen raffuka masu laushi. Wani lokaci svyazi suna ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, yayin da suke, kamar mallards, ana nutsuwa cikin ruwa don samun tsire-tsire na ruwa. Koyaya, suna amfani da wannan hanyar tattara abinci ƙasa da ƙasa da sauran ducks.
LIFESTYLE
Ban da lokacin farauta, ana iya samun yawancin hamada a cikin fadama a kusa da gabar tekun ko a kewayen. Wani lokaci akwai ƙaramin rukuni na waɗannan ducks; a wasu lokuta, zaka iya ganin babban garken wigeons, wanda ya ƙunshi daruruwan tsuntsaye.
A cikin rana, sviyazi yakan yi bacci, yana juyawa cikin raƙuman ruwa. Tsuntsayen suna kashewa daga saman ruwa bayan ɗan gajeriyar rarrabuwa kuma ta tashi bazuwar, a cikin rukunonin mutane marasa galihu. Wasu tsuntsaye suna ciyar da hunturu akan manyan tabkuna, madatsun ruwa da koguna, suna shiga cikin nesa. A ƙasa, waɗannan ducks suna motsawa sauri fiye da sauran nau'in dangin duck.
Yaduwa
A Arewacin Turai, gida mai gida sviyazi kusa da tafkuna mara zurfi tare da ciyayi mai girma. Maza sun fi kulawa sosai ga mace a cikin watan Afrilu da Mayu. Yayin balaguro, suna fuka fuka-fukan a kai don nuna farin kai, mai gudana a kai. An wasa na yin raye-raye yana tare da babbar murya, gajeriyar gausuwa, wanda tsuntsaye ke bin sunansu. Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin mace, macen ta fara gina katafariyar gida, wacce ta sanya a ƙasa kusa da kandami. Ta layi a gida tare da twigs, ganye da Fluff, wanda is located a gefuna daga gida tare da abin nadi.
Duck yana kwance matsakaicin bakwai zuwa takwas. Matan ne kawai ke sanya qwai. Kayan kyankyasai daga ƙwai suna cin ƙasa da kwana a cikin gida. Da zarar sun bushe, mahaifiyar tana tura su zuwa tafki. Yana da shekaru 42-45, kajin sun riga sun kasance a reshe.
KARATUN HUKUNCIN TARIHI
A gabar tekun Turai ta Tsakiya, ana samun garken weseon daga watan Agusta zuwa Nuwamba. A shirye-shiryen tashiwa zuwa wuraren da suke farauta, tsuntsaye suna haɗe cikin garken da yawa kuma suna zama a ƙananan ƙasan manyan koguna, a tafkuna, madatsun ruwa da tafkunan, musamman ma a cikin yanayin keɓe. Sviyazi tare da sauran tsuntsayen (baƙar fata geese) ana samun su a kai a kai a cikin wuraren ciyawar da ke kusa da gawarwakin ruwa - a nan tsuntsayen suna noman hunturu. Wasu lokuta ana iya samun su a cikin garken guda tare da tsuntsaye irin su swans ko pintails. A Tsakiyar Turai, nau'in jeji a Mecklenburg. A baya can, wuraren da ake tallan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kusa da Kogin Altmühl. A tsakanin kewayonsa, adadin adadin kuɗarorin sun cika yawa.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.
- Sviyaz yana da mahimmancin masana'antu. Yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kamawa lokacin hunturu, inda suke samar da gungu-gungu. An yi imani da cewa ingancin nama sviyaz - daya daga cikin mafi kyau ducks.
- Wannan mutumin ya sami sunan sautin da mazan suka yi. A cikin Jamusanci, ana kiran wannan tsuntsu "daskararren wutsiya." A wasu yankuna na Ingila, ana kiran tsintsayen "ducks-rabi." Wannan sunan ya bayyana a karni na 19 lokacin da, saboda karamin girman su, aka sayar da wigs a bazaars na rabin farashin duck na talakawa.
- Sunan Turanci na zamani Sviyaz a tsakiyar karni na XVII yana nufin "sauki." Sviyazi ya sami wannan suna ne saboda suna da sauƙin farauta ga mafarauta.
SIFFOFIN CIKIN SAUKI. LITTAFINSA
Namiji: ana iya gane shi ta hanyar kirjin tare da kodadden itacen ocher shimfiɗa daga baki zuwa ƙwanin kai. Girman fuka-fukan da fikafikansu suna da launin toka tare da ƙananan ratsi masu gudana, baya yana da fari. Gashi mai launin shuɗi-launin toka ya mamaye kirji, kuma baƙar fata baƙar fata ce. A cikin abin da aka saba, daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba ko Nuwamba, drake yayi kama da mace. Abubuwan farin suna fitowa a jikin fikafikan ɗan saurayi suna fitowa ne kawai a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa.
Mace: jiki na sama yawanci tan. Fuka-fuki suna da launin toka. Haske, rawaya mara nauyi, akai duhu launin ruwan ƙasa spots rufe kai da kirji. Wani goshi na yau da kullun babban goshi ne da wutsiya da suka fi na mallard kyau.
Beak: ya fi guntu da kauri fiye da sauran nau'in duck. Aiki domin ɗaukar tsirrai.
Jirgi: A cikin jirgin, bakin da aka nuna da farin ciki bayyane bayyane bayyane. A cikin maza masu tashi, ana iya ganin fararen fuka-fukan akan fikafikan.
- Duk shekara
- Cin nasara
- Nesting
INA SON LAFIYA
Sviyaz, sai dai gaɓar tsibirin Arctic da tsibirin kusa, mazaunin a Iceland, Arewacin Turai da arewacin Asiya. Tana yin sanyi a Yammacin Turai, Bahar Rum, a wasu sassan Asiya da Japan.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
A Yammacin Turai, yankin rage kogi wanda akan sa sviyazi a cikin hunturu koyaushe yana raguwa.