Kimanin nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi miliyan daya ke cikin haɗari saboda ayyukan ɗan adam. An ba da sanarwar wannan ne a ranar 6 ga Mayu a wani gajeriyar sigar rahoton rahoton na Kungiyar Gwamnatocin Kimiyya-Siyasa a kan Tsarin Halittu da Tsarin Halittu (IPBES).
A cewar kundin, adadin nau'i na nau'ikan halittu masu rai yana hanzartawa, wanda hakan na iya haifar da babban sakamako ga dukkan bil'adama. An lura cewa yanzu ayyukan mutane suna barazanar dabbobi da tsirrai sau ɗari sau da yawa fiye da shekaru miliyan 10 da suka gabata.
An lura cewa za'a iya kiyaye yanayi kuma a dawo dashi ta hanyar canje-canje. Ta warinsu ana nufin sake tsarin tsarin rayuwar mutum ne ta fuskar tattalin arziki, fasaha da ci gaban zamantakewa.
A cikin shekaru uku, masana kimiyya 145 daga kasashe 50 na duniya sunyi aiki akan rahoton. Rubutun da ke da shafuka 1,8,000, wadanda sakamakon taron dandamali suka gabatar a hedkwatar UNESCO a Faransa. Shortan gajeren fasalinsa ya ƙunshi shafuka 39; an rubuta shi don shugabannin siyasa.
Babban girto
Mutane sun san Galapagos ko kunkuru tkuru na dogon lokaci: an sani cewa a cikin karni na 19, lurawar Charles Darwin na al'ummomin kunkuru daban-daban giwaye ya sanya mafi girman gudummawa ga ka'idar juyin halitta. Amma kawai a cikin 2015, yawan waɗannan dabbobin a tsibirin Santa Cruz (Galapagos Archipelago) ya kasance a cikin keɓaɓɓe a cikin wani jinsin daban dangane da kwayoyin halitta da bayanan ilimin halittar jiki. An ambaci sunan ne bayan shugabanin Galapagos National Park Fausto Lierena Sanchez (Don Fausto), wanda ya ba da wannan aikin shekaru 43.
Masunta mai ban tsoro
A shekara ta 2015, an gano wani sabon nau'in tsananin malami mai zurfi a cikin Gabar Tekun Meziko a zurfin kusan mil ɗaya da rabi. Kamar kowane anggers (ko kuma shaidanun teku), Lasiognathus cin abinci - maharbi wanda ke tursasawa wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa haske a karshen sandar kamun kifi (wani gyara na sama da aka yi dashi tare da wasu kwayoyin cuta na luminescent).
Yanyen ƙwaro
Ya kasance tare da ƙananan ganima a cikin zurfin lamellar. An gano a cikin 2008 a Peru (gaba ɗaya, Megaceras an samo shi ne kawai a Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka). Abin mamaki kama da Dhin darin kwaro Dima daga fim din Disney "Kasadar Fiki", an harbe shi shekaru takwas kafin buɗewar Megaceras briansaltini.
 Kisan kisaAn gano fulogin naman abinci na farko a cikin 90s na ƙarni na karshe kuma ya haifar da babban mamaki tsakanin masana kimiyya. Wannan nau'in shi ne na ƙarshe daga cikin tsintsayen tsirani da aka samo (2009). A cikin hoto - guntu na microsclera na soso (asalin silicon kwarangwal). Wasu masana ilimin halittu sun yi imanin cewa dogaro ba ya cikin dabbobi da yawa, amma suna da mulkin mallaka. Psychedelic wawa
An gano a shekarar 2008 a bakin tekun Ambon Island a Indonesia. Wannan wakilin babban mahaluran ba da gaske yake iyo ba, amma yana tsalle-tsalle tare da ƙasan, yana matsawa daga gare shi tare da gyaran ƙwallon ƙafa (mafi kamar paws) da ƙirƙirar sha'awar jirgin sama ta hanyar fitar da ruwa kwatsam. Gobara
Zai yiwu wannan nau'in ya riga ya mutu saboda, tun a 1939 sababbin samfurori basu taɓa zuwa ga kowa ba. Ya zauna a Ekwado. A kirji - guda biyu na lumines na wata kwayar cuta. Wannan shine kadai sanannen yanayin kariya mai amfani ta hanyar amfani da bioluminescence (mawakiyar ta zama kanta da kanta kamar gwoza mai guba daga asalin halittar masu kashe gobara). Sulak canyon - canyon mafi zurfi na Turai kuma ɗayan zurfin duniya, Jamhuriyar Dagestan
Tsawonsa kilomita 53, zurfinsa ya kai mita 1920. Tana da zurfin mita 63 fiye da sanannen Grand Canyon kuma 620 mita zurfi fiye da Canyon Kogin Tara. A zurfin shi ne na biyu kawai zuwa canyons na Cotahuasi da Kolka a Peru. Yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Dagestan; kowace shekara dubunnan yawon bude ido na ziyartarsa. Spider darwin
Karamin (3 zuwa 6 mm) mai gizo-gizo mai zama a Madagascar. Yankin farfajiyar cibiyar sadarwarsa (yanar gizo) na iya kaiwa kusan mita uku. Valuesarfin ƙarfin cobwebs ɗin nata ya haura 520 MJ / m 3, wanda ya ninka ƙarfin ƙarfin cobwebs ɗin da aka san shi da shi sau 10 fiye da kayan Kevlar. An samo gizo-gizo a cikin 2001, amma an bayyana shi ne kawai a cikin 2009 - wannan bikin an shirya shi ne daidai da bikin cikar shekaru 150 na littafin Charles Darwin "The Origin of Species" (saboda haka sunan shi). Raccoon a cikin hazo
Dabba dabba mai ban dariya da ke rayuwa a Kolumbia da Ekwado ita ce dabba mai shayarwa kadai aka bayyana a cikin Yammacin Hemisphere a cikin shekaru 35 da suka gabata. Ya kasance tare da HALITTAR Olingo na dangin raccoon. Takamaiman sunan Latin neblina wanda aka kirkira daga “hazo” na Spain (don girmamawa ga dazuzzukan tsaunin da ke zaune a ciki wanda olingito ke zaune). Misali Mega
Wannan ba itace mafi girma ba a cikin duniya, ƙaramin ya fi wanda ke da rakodin rikodin (Chan megapolics tare da ƙafan ƙafa sama ya kai tsawon 60 cm). Koyaya, an samo shi a bara a cikin filin shakatawa na ƙasa kusa da babban birnin Hanoi na Vietnam, kuma ba a cikin kurmin daji ba. Wanda bai dace ya tashi ba
An gano yadin da aka yi amfani da shi a Malaysia a 2012 saboda godiya ga wani mai daukar hoto da ya sanya hotonta a shafukan sada zumunta. Mai Fice ya kuma nemi wani ya taimaka da ma'anar nau'in halittar. Wurin da baƙon halittar fikafikan sa yasa wannan tashi tayi kama da gizo-gizo, an shirya kai hari. Mai ƙarfi amma mai saurin dubawa mai nauyi
Wannan babban lizard yana zaune a tsakiyar tsibirin Luzon na Philippine na Luzon. Yana zaune a kambi na bishiyoyi, ya kai mita biyu a tsayi, amma yana nauyin kilo 10 kawai. M, ya ci 'ya'yan itatuwa da katantanwa. Yana cikin haɗarin rushewa: kabilun yankin suna farautar wannan mai kula don neman nama. An bayyana ra'ayin a cikin 2010. Groping gastropod
Wannan kyakkyawan motsi na gastropod, wanda ke zaune a yankin tsibirin na Jafananci, na iya haske. Amma yana da mahimmanci ga masana kimiyyar halitta cewa a fuskarsa sun sami hanyar matsakaici tsakanin gastropods waɗanda ke ciyar da polyps hydrogen da gastropods waɗanda suka fi son abincin murjani. Dogon ɗan akuya
Goirjin Goat Halicci (Caprellidae) karin haske a cikin kamanninsa. Yana zaune a cikin Tekun Pacific, kusa da tekun California. Zai yi wuya kera ba tare da microscope ba (tsayin jikin 2-3 mm). An bayyana shi a cikin 2013. Macijin maƙaryaci
Wannan macijin mai cike da hadari (da aka samo a cikin Panama) yana da kwanciyar hankali a kan ciyar da tarko, tarkoki da kuma mayukan ƙasa. An kare ta daga abokan gaba ta hanyar canza launi, yin kwafin halayyar halayyar haske da baƙar fata na macizai masu daɗi sosai. An bayyana shi a cikin 2012. Kifi na Pancake
Wannan halitta, mai kama da soyayyen ƙwayar katako, daɗaɗɗe, tana fitowa daga dangin ƙungiyar shaidanun aljanu (wannan, wataƙila, ɗan bayanin yanayin rashin daidaituwarsa). An fara gano nau'in a shekarar 2010 a cikin Tekun Meksiko. Kifi na Pancake ba shi da yawa kamar iyo kamar yadda ake rarrafe tare da gindin, yana hutawa a kan hancin. Mai Alkawari. Yana ɓoyewa, ɓoye cikin ƙasa, kuma yana cuɗar da wanda aka azabtar, yana kwantar da abubuwa tare da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa. Sannu sannu sosai
Katantan hanji na ƙasa (wanda aka gano a shekara ta 2010), yana zaune a cikin duhu na kogon Croatian, baya buƙatar ko idanu ko ƙyalƙyalen launi (wanda girmansa bai wuce 2 mm ba). Ko da ta hanyar ka'idodi na son rai, suna da jinkiri: suna motsa kamar santimita a sati. Olingito Olingito shi ne farkon wanda ya gano a Yammacin Turai a cikin shekaru 35 da suka gabata. Na dogon lokaci sun rikice tare da dangi na kusa - olingo, kuma kawai a cikin 2013 an sanya su a cikin wani daban daban. Ba a san kaɗan game da halayen olingito ba: waɗannan dabbobi ba su da tsabta, wanda, kodayake su mafarauta ne, galibi suna kan ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Redbeard Titi Wannan rigakafin, wanda aka gano a 2008, Abin takaici, yana cikin haɗarin halaka: akwai kusan mutane 250 a cikin duniya. A cewar masu binciken, wadannan birai suna da alamu daya: suna haifar da ma'aurata don rayuwa kuma ba sa canza masu. Matsala Tsintsiya Masanin binciken Harry Conley ne ya fara gano abin da ke cikin launin shuɗi. Kawai sauran ranar, lokacin da aka bayyana jinsin a gaba, aka sanya masa suna Harryplax severus. Saboda haka, masanin kimiyyar Jose Mendoza ya ba da yabo ga duka mai binciken halittar, da kuma jerin litattafan da ya fi so game da Harry Potter. Dabbobin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na RashaMutane sun daɗe suna gwagwarmaya don adana nau'ikan dabbobi. Amma duk da duk ƙoƙarin, yawan rarearancin nau'ikan da ke raguwa a kowace shekara. Sanadin lalata nau'ikan halittu: canje-canjen juyin halitta da kuma kwarjinin mutane. Wadannan kadan ne daga cikin jinsunan da ke cikin hadari, a zahiri akwai daruruwan su. Wutar kyarke da ke zaune a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a cikin Mongolia da China, ya kusan daina wanzuwa. Waɗannan karnukan suna da kama da filoli, suna da ja da wutsiya. Wani mafarauci marar ƙwarewa zai iya rikitar da waɗannan maɓoran biyu. Tsawon wolf ɗin ya kai mita 1, nauyin dabbar daga kilogram 12 zuwa 21.
Dawakan Przhevalsky ta dade da zama jaruma game da barkwanci da labaran ban dariya. Bayan haka, gaskiyar dabba bashi da farin ciki, mutane dubu biyu ne kawai suka rage. Mafi m, m laifi ne mutumin. A ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe, an saki dawakai da yawa a cikin yankin warewa, inda suke da sauri suka sami ƙaruwa.
Amur Goral jinsin awaki ne na dutse wanda ke rayuwa a cikin yankin Terimorsky. Wannan ƙaramar dabba ce da ke zaune cikin gungun mutane 8. A yanzu, yawan jama'arsu ya kai kwallaye 700.
Walrus na Atlantic suna zaune a cikin Barents da Red Sea. Babbar dabba ta kai mita 4 kuma tana iya nauyin tan 1.5. Mutane sun kusan hallaka su, tunda wannan nau'in kasuwanci ne. An dakatar da zirga-zirgar dabbobi, saboda abin da yawansu ya fara murmurewa. Saboda asirin walruses da kuma ikon ɓoyewa cikin wuraren da ba a shigo da su ba, ba a san takamaiman adadin mutane ba.
Dabbar dolphins da ke kan farar fata suna da karamin hanci da wulakanci zagaye. Mahalli shine Barents da Baltic Sea. Waɗannan dabbar dolfin suma sun kasance ɓangare na masana'antar, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suka kasance a ƙarshen ƙarewa. An dakatar da ɗaukar dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma dabbobin ruwa ba sa haifar da kyau a cikin jigilar kayayyaki na zamani.
Amig damisa shine wakilin dangin sa. Smallarancin jama'a sun tsira daga kan dutsen Sikhote-Alin. Waɗannan manyan ƙarnuka ne, damtse ya fi mita 2 tsawo. Wani fasalin rarrabe shine dogon wutsiya, har zuwa mita 1. Sanadin lalacewa shine lalata mazaunin ɗan adam.
Amur damisare ne wanda aka cutar da masu fafutukar kwadayi da kuma kwadayi na mutane. Ko bayan da aka gabatar da dokar hana farautar wadannan masu farautar, kisan su bai gushe ba. A halin yanzu, wannan nau'in yana da babban matsayi na ci gaba, ba sa tsaurin ra'ayi kuma ba su taɓa kai hari ga mutane ba. A Rasha, akwai kusan mutane 85 a cikin ajiyar. Kimanin ƙarin damisa 10 ke zaune a China.
Cutar dusar ƙanƙara tana zaune a yankuna masu tsaunuka na Tsakiyar Asiya. Saboda rashin isasshen wurare, masu ba da izini ba sa iya hallakar da yawan waɗannan mahara. A cikin adalci, ya kamata a sani cewa damisa yakan kai hari ga dabbobi.
Naman naman alade yana kama da deer ba tare da ƙaho ba, amma tare da beraye a saman muƙamuƙi. A zamanin da, an ɗauke shi ganima a tsakanin dabbobi. Yana zaune a cikin Altai, Transbaikalia da Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya fi son tsayawa a wani yanki mai nisan mil 600 zuwa 1500 a saman teku. Sanadin lalacewa shine canje-canje na juyin halitta; wannan nau'in ya daɗe da rayuwa lokacin wadata.
Sika barewa kuma wani ɗan adam ne wanda aka azabtar. An nemi dabbar ne don fata, nama da kaho daban-daban, wanda aka sanya magunguna daban-daban.
Kusan ba a taɓa samun haɗuwa ba a cikin yanayi. Wannan wani nau'in jakin daji ne, dabba tana zaune a Tsakiyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tun da farko, an samo gamuwa a Ukraine, Arewacin Caucasus da wasu ƙasashe da yawa. Dabba na iya yin gasa koda da ƙwayar, suna hanzarta zuwa kilomita 70 a sa'a kuma ba sa ragewa na dogon lokaci. Kulans dabbobi ne na masana'antu, ana amfani da nama da mai don abinci, kuma an yi fata mai launin fata. Wannan ya lalata yawan jakai.
Itace bayan beaversMakonni biyu kenan kenan da nake zaune a cikin jeji a wata 'yar kwata a lardin Vologda, nayi nasarar barin St. Petersburg kafin keɓe. Kwanan baya na tafi yawo a cikin dazuzzan kuma na sami itace kusa da rafin. Ko da daga rassan kuma wani bangare daga ɓoye haushi.
Na dauki hoton da kaina, BM yana ba da wasan Sabbin nau'ikan 10 da aka gano a cikin 2019Masana kimiyya suna gano sabon nau'in dabbobi da tsirrai a kowace rana. Yawancin kwari da ba a san su ba galibi ana samun su (wannan aji yana da mafi girman rayayyun halittu), duk da haka, masana kimiyya sukan iya samun sabbin kifaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa - musamman daga nesa kusurwa da ƙarancin nazarin duniyar. Ma'aikatar BBC ta Rasha ta zaɓi wasu halittu masu ban mamaki, a karon farko. gano ko aka bayyana a shekarar 2019 da ta gabata. 1. Sharh aljihu
Wannan karamin kifin - kawai 14 cm tsayi - yana kama da na maniyyi, amma a zahiri shi ake kira da shark aljihu. An kama shi a cikin Gabar Tekun Meksiko a cikin 2010, amma bayan shekaru tara kawai aka amince da shi a matsayin sabon jinsin.Ko ana kiranta aljihu ba wai saboda girmanta ba, amma saboda ramuka biyu (aljihuna) da ke a gaɓoɓin sassan jiki biyu, kusa da ƙashin fika. . 2. Agama
Kusan babu wuraren zama a tsibirin Phuket na Thai, sanannu ne ga masu yawon bude ido, duk da haka, ana samun sabon nau'in dabbobi a wasu lokuta. Kwanan nan, an gano wani hoton da ya fito daga gidan Agam mai ban sha'awa a jikin bishiya a cikin gandun daji, wanda ake kira "Phuket horned itace agama." 3. Lyskot (aka Kotolis)
Irin waɗannan kyawawan mutane maza masu launin kusan 90 cm a cikin girman ana samun su a Corsica. Mazauna yankin sun daɗe suna kiran waɗannan kuliyoyin '' cotolis '' don ɗumbin ramin da suke tare da ƙarshen baƙar fata. A bara, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar kama wasu andan mutane kuma suyi nazarin DNArsu - sai ya zama cewa wannan ainihin jinsin mutane ba su sani ba. Gaskiya ne, Corsican ba shi da alaƙa da dawakai: danginsa mafi kusanci shine babban kurmi na Afirka, kakan magabatan mu na gida.
Wannan karamin kwaro mai kwaro (1 mm a tsayinsa) ya fito daga kasar Kenya ne a karshen shekarun 1960, amma ba a taba gano shi ba a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi a Landan sama da rabin karni. A shekarar da ta gabata ne kawai, ma'aikacin gidan kayan gargajiya Michael Darvey ya gano cewa kwaro mallakar wani nau'in halittar da ba a san shi ba a baya .. Darvi ya yanke shawarar sanya mata sunan Nelloptodes gretae - don girmamawa ga masaniyar gwagwarmayar Sweden ta Greta Thunberg.
A cikin koguna na Amazonia, nan da nan masana kimiyya suka gano sabbin nau'ikan kifin Antsistra guda shida, wadanda suka yi kama da dodo mai zurfi na Cthulhu daga ayyukan marubucin Robert Lovecraft. Kamar yadda masana ilimin halitta suka bayyana, ƙusoshin masu ban sha'awa suna girma ne kawai a kan shugaban maza kuma suna aiki don jawo hankalin mata. 6. Gwanin fure mai zaki
Wannan karamin tsuntsu yana zaune ne a Borneo, tsibiri daya tilo a duniya da aka rarrabe tsakanin jihohi uku: Indonesiya, Malesiya da Brunei Sabuwar nau'in irin ƙwayar fure tana yawanci ba daidai ba kuma ana kiranta "mai kallo" saboda alamomin fararen hakoran da ke sama da idanun.
Wannan ba aibi bane a cikin hoto - tabbas wannan macijin an rufe shi da alamun bakan gizo, wanda tuni yan jaridar suka yiwa lakabi da Ziggy Stardust.Ya same ta a cikin manyan duwatsu a arewacin Laos kuma da farko ya yanke hukuncin cewa bakan gizo yana zaune a wurin - amma kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka gano shi a wani. wuri, wanda ke haifar da damar wannan nau'in don tsira. 8. Woolly bat
Wani sabon jinsin jemagu, wanda yake kansa da kafadu wanda aka lullube da dogon gashi, aka gano shi a yankin Filato na Tsakiya na Vietnam .. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, masanan kimiyyar halittu ba sa samun dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda ba a sani da kimiyya ba, amma a bayyane suke, a wata hanya, kebance ne. Hanyar jemage yana da matukar bambanci kuma yana da nau'ikan sama da 1300.
Kuma an gano wannan hoton baƙar fata mai launin baki da jan sabon a lardin Thai na Chiang Rai. Manema labarai sun gwada shi nan da nan zuwa tseren Klingon daga fitattun tauraron fina-finai na Star Trek. 10. Final-eyed Cardinal
Gidan iyayen kifi mai haske, wanda aka fi sani da kadinal (apogon), an kuma wadata shi da sabon nau'in wannan shekara.Kaɗaɗaɗɗen duhun duhu wanda yake shimfidawa a tsaye ta hanyar ɗalibin yana sanya idanun wannan kifin kamar mai cin duri. Sabbin sababbin nau'ikan fauna daga 2019Masana kimiyya suna gano sabon nau'in dabbobi da tsirrai a kowace rana. Yawancin kwari da ba a sani ba ana samun su sau da yawa, amma masana kimiyya sukan iya samun sabbin kifaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye, har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa - musamman daga sasanninta na nesa da talauci. Irin waɗannan binciken ana yin su ba kawai a lokacin balaguro ba, har ma ta hanyar nazarin tarin kayan tarihin, tsoffin burbushin halittu, kuma wani lokacin sakamakon gwajin kwayoyin - lokacin da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa ke da wahalar rarrabewa da juna. Gaba ɗaya, kimiyya ta san kusan nau'ikan halittu masu rai miliyan 2 - dabbobi, tsirrai da fungi. Bayan haka, a cewar masana kimiyya, kusan nau'ikan miliyan 6 har yanzu basu riski masana kimiyyar halitta ba kuma suna jiran ganowarsu ne kawai. Ga jerin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa da aka gano ko aka bayyana su a cikin shekarar 2019 da ta gabata: 1.
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A Tasmania, an gano sababbin sababbin halittun teku ɗari
Masana halitta daga Kungiyar Kwadago ta Kasa ta Australia (CSIRO) sun dawo daga balaguro na tsawon makonni hudu a cikin Ruwan Huyon Commonwealth Marine. A kan Binciken Jirgin, sun ba da samfuran sababbin dabbobi. .Hanon Kula da Yankin Yankin Commonwealth da wuraren da ke kewaye da shi an san su da yanki mai kariya daga manyan rafuna. Matsayi mafi girma daga cikinsu suna zurfin zurfin mita dubu zuwa 1,250. A karon farko, fasahar zamani ta baiwa masana kimiyya damar yin zarya a tsakanin wadannan tsaunukan kuma yin nazarin fauna. Jagoran masu balaguro Alan Williams yayi magana dalla-dalla game da binciken: “Gaba ɗaya, mun bincika mahaɗar teku 46, bakwai sunyi nazari daki-daki. Tsawon dukkan hanyar ta kasance kilomita 200. Godiya ga kyamarar zamani, mun “tashi” sama da bakin teku a tsawan mita biyu. Mun gangara zuwa zurfin mita 1,900, muka tattara hotuna sittin na 60,000 da rikodin bidiyo 300 na 300 - za mu bincika duk wannan daga baya. ”A cewarsa, zai dauki watanni kafin aiwatar da duk bayanan da aka tattara, amma masu binciken sun riga sun sami wasu bayanai. Misali, sun bayar da rahoton cewa akwai wadatattun murjani fiye da yadda suke tsammani. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun ga squids na bioluminescent squids, sharholiya sharks, stingrays, manyan-tekun Atlantika da sauran halittu da yawa sabon abu. Sun tattara samfuran kifin da ba a san shi da kifin ba. Yawan sabon nau'in ya wuce ɗari. Share
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AinihinHumpback Whale: Kashe kuma baya SpotHumpback Whale Humpback Whale memba ne na dangin Minke Whale. Wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa a cikin kogin Maris na Kudancin Hemisphere. Ya sami suna don yanayin yin iyo - lokacin da humpback yake iyo, ya kama bayansa sosai....     
Yi tunani game da yanayi. |
