Gandun daji shine ɗayan manyan ɗakunan tsuntsaye. A kowane lokaci na shekara, ana samun yawancin tsuntsaye a cikin gandun daji. A can, tsuntsaye suke samun abincinsu, suna gina wuraren girke-girke, suna kwan ƙyallen ƙyallen ƙyaye. Babban rassan tsirrai na huhun dogaro sun aminta da tsuntsaye daga abokan gaba da kare su daga mummunan yanayin yanayi.
Rayuwar kaji da yawa, tsuntsayen abincin rana, mujiyoyi, kusan dukkanin katako da yawancin passerines suna da alaƙa da gandun daji. Duk waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da gajeru, fuka-fukai masu tsayi da dogon wutsiya, wanda ke ba su damar iya rarrabewa tsakanin tsohuwar bishiyoyi, da sauri, kashe ƙasa da ƙasa.
Kowane tsuntsayen daji shima yana da fasalulluka wadanda zasu bashi damar daidaitawa yadda yakamata su rayu a dajin.
Yawan kungiyoyin tsuntsayen Habitat
Masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun rarrabe kungiyoyi 4, wadanda suka danganta ga wasu kwayoyin halittu suna bayyana da farko a bayyanar. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a gaɓar sassan jikin ruwa (gami da fadama) suna sanye da dogayen kafafu da wuya, waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe bincika abinci a cikin ƙasa mai ɓoye.
Tsuntsayen bude wurare sau da yawa suna tashi a kan dogayen jirgi, saboda haka suna da fukafukai masu ƙarfi, amma kwarangwal mai nauyi. Waterfowl yana buƙatar kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don kamun kifi, wanda a gare su ya zama babban katako mai ƙarfi. Tsuntsayen daji, musamman ma a arewacin da tsauraran yanayi, galibi ana hana su wuya, suna da karamin kai da idanun da ke gefensu, da gajerun kafafu.
Kungiyoyin muhalli na tsuntsaye ta irin nau'in abinci
Kuma a nan tsuntsayen sun kasu kashi 4: kowannensu ba kawai ke da nasa fifiko ba, har ma da kayan aiki na musamman, gami da hanyoyin farauta. Af, tsuntsayen daji suna faɗuwa ƙarƙashin duk sanannu da keɓaɓɓun rukuni:
- kwari (misali, tsuntsaye ko pikas) - suna da bakin bakin bakin bakin da ke shiga cikin bakin kunkuntar da ke jan kwari daga ganyayyaki,
- herbivorous / granivorous (kamar Schur) - dauke da bindiga mai karfi wanda zai iya fashewa da harbin m,
- tsinkaye (alal misali, juhurma) - strongafafunsu masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da ƙaƙƙarfan faɗin katako da ƙugiya mai ƙyalli suna dacewa don kama karamin wasa,
- omnivores (kamar magpie) - sun sami baki mai kamanni tun daga haihuwa, wanda ya dace da nau'ikan abinci.
Domin kada ya faɗi daga rassan lokacin da ake neman abinci, tsuntsayen daji iri-iri (tsuntsaye, sarakuna, pikas, kajin da sauransu) suna amfani da yatsunsu masu tsawo tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Tsuntsayen hatsi masu cin abinci (schur, greenfinch, itacen oak-da sauran su) sara har da fruitsa strongan cheranyen ceri da ceri, da kuma gwanaye mai ƙoshin kuli na gicciye cikin hikima suna fitar da tsaba daga cikin bishi da gulma.
Ban sha'awa. Ban da 'yan mafarautan iska, haɗiye da kuma kyauta mai ma'ana a ɗan ɗimbin yanayi. Amma suna da babban bakin da aka yanke (wanda sasanninta ya wuce idanun), inda yake "jan" yawo midges.
Alamu na yau da kullun suna haɗu da tsuntsayen daji kamar ganima (mujiyoyi, bazzards, shrikes da sauransu) - wannan kyakkyawan hangen nesa ne, kyakkyawar ji da iyawar motsi a cikin gandun daji sau da yawa.
Raba ta yanayin ƙaura
Ya danganta da kasancewar / rashin tafiya da kewayonsu, tsuntsayen daji suna kasu kashi biyu, yawo da ƙaura. Bi da bi, duk ƙaura yawanci ana rarrabu zuwa cikin jirgin sama (lokacin kaka da bazara), kazalika da ƙaura (lokacin kaka da damina da lokacin hutu). Tsuntsaye iri ɗaya suna iya yin ƙaura ko zama, wanda yanayi ya dogara da yanayin wurin zama a yankin.
An tilasta tsuntsayen su buge hanya tare da:
- da talauci na tushen abinci,
- rage hasken rana,
- ragewan zafin jiki na iska.
An ƙaddara lokacin ƙaura, a matsayin doka, ta hanyar tsawon hanyar. Wasu lokuta tsuntsaye sukan dawo daga baya saboda gaskiyar cewa sun zaɓi wuraren nishaɗi na nesa don nishaɗi.
Ban sha'awa. Ba duk tsuntsayen daji suna yin ƙaura ta tashi ba. Blue grouse yana shawo kan yan nesa ... a ƙafa. Hanya guda tana amfani da emu wanda ke tafiyar dubun kilomita cikin neman ruwa yayin fari.
Canjin lokaci na lokaci yayi tsawo da gajeru. Sakamakon ƙaura na yanayi, tsuntsayen gandun daji a wuraren da ba su dace da ci gaba a wasu lokuta na shekara ba.
Tsuntsayen daji na Migratory
A cikin gandun daji na kasarmu, tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna da fifiko, suna tashi zuwa kudu kadai (cuckoos, mafarautan rana da sauran su), a cikin ƙananan ko manyan garken. Orioles, swifts, lentils da Swallows suna tashi da farko zuwa hunturu, kuma sun rigaya kafin sanyi - ducks, geese da swans.
Gidajen sama suna tashi a tsaunuka daban-daban: passerines - ba ta wuce mita dubun yawa a saurin kilomita 30 / h ba, babba - a tsawan sama zuwa kilomita 1, yana haɓaka zuwa 80 km / h. Komawa daga kudanci da komawa zuwa gida, tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna bin hanyoyin ƙaura, suna tarawa cikin wurare masu dacewa. Jirgin ya ƙunshi bangarori da yawa, cike yake da hutu na ɗan lokaci, inda matafiya ke samun ƙarfi da abinci.
Ban sha'awa. Karamin tsuntsu, ya fi guntu nesa wanda zai iya shawo kan sa ba tare da tsayawa da abokai ba: kananan halittu suna tashi ba tare da hutawa ba na tsawon awanni 70 zuwa 90, suna masu nisan mil 4,000
Hanyar tashi ta garken da tsuntsu ɗaya tana iya bambanta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Yawancin manyan nau'ikan suna shiga cikin garken tsuntsaye na 12-20, suna kama da sifar da ke da fasalin V: irin wannan tsari yana taimakawa rage farashin makamashi. Haka kuma an san nau'in jinsunan ƙaura daga wurare masu zafi, misali, ƙaramin cuckoo da ke zaune a Afirka amma keɓantaccen ɗan India ne.
Tsuntsayen daji na Sedentary
Waɗannan sun haɗa da waɗanda ba su da ƙaura zuwa ƙaura daga nesa kuma waɗanda sukan saba da hunturu a wuraren su na asali - magpies, crows, owls, nuthatch, jays, pigeons, sparrows, woodpecker da sauransu. Yawancin gida a cikin birni ko kewayenta, saboda ƙarancin abokan gaba masu haɗari da isasshen wadataccen abinci. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a ƙauyuka suna matsawa zuwa mura zuwa kusa da gine-ginen mazaunin don samun damar yin jita-jita ta hanyar sharar abinci. Idan muka yi magana game da nau'ikan wurare masu zafi, yawancin su an daidaita su.
Sauran tsuntsayen daji
Cedar
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Klest-elovik
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Red buga
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Blue Tit
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Moscow
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Karin faransa
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Redstart na gama gari
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Common zaryanka
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Pika na kowa
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Jay gama gari
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Matsa rawa
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Manyan ungulu
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Wren gama gari
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Gwanin ƙwaro
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Abincin gama gari
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Haɗarin shafawa
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Bullfinch
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Dabbobi
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Wand mai walƙiya mai haske
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Girma
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Babban Owl
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Gidan Warbler
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Mint mai kankara
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Siskin
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Gyara
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Sparrowhawk
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Goshawk
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Dubonos
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Blue grouse
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Oriole
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Finch
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Zaryanka
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Magpie
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Cuckoo
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Girman hankaka
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Yawon tsuntsayen daji
Saboda haka ake kira tsuntsayen da ke motsawa don neman abinci daga wuri zuwa wuri a waje da lokacin kiwo. Irin wannan yawo, saboda yanayin da wadatar abinci, ba su da dabi'ar hawan keke, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba a la'akari da su ƙaura (duk da ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan ko ma dubunnan kilomita waɗanda ke ɓatar da tsuntsayen a ƙarshen farauta).
Ornithologists kuma yi magana game da takaice ƙaura, raba su daga duka dogon ƙaura da yawo. Wannan tsaka-tsakin tsari, kodayake sanannu ne saboda tsari, lokaci guda ake nema da binciken abubuwan tanadi da yanayin yanayi mai canji. Tsuntsaye sun ki yarda da ɗan gajeren ƙaura idan lokacin bazara mai ɗumi kuma akwai abinci mai yawa a cikin gandun daji.
A kan iyakar ƙasarmu, tsuntsayen daji na nomadic sun haɗa da:
Ya kamata kuma a san cewa a yankin kudu maso gabas na yawan su, toka da rook (alal misali) za su yi rayuwa mai taushi, amma yawo a arewa. Yawancin tsuntsaye masu zafi suna tashi lokacin damuna ta fara. Wakilin dangin Kingfisher na Senegalese Alcyone yayi ƙaura zuwa mai daidaita lokacin fari. Yunkurin haɓaka yanayi da ƙaura mai tsawo halayyar tsuntsayen daji da ke zaune a cikin Himalayas da Andes.
Kammalawa
Tunda kusan kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na nau'in tsuntsaye ana samunsu cikin gandun daji, shiga gida babbar matsala ce ga tsuntsaye. Yawancin wadannan nau'in ba za su rayu a wajen gandun daji ba kuma ba sa tashi tsakanin sauran gandun daji. Batun saukar da itace ta hanyar bukatun duniya na katako, takarda da ƙasa wanda akan shuka tsirrai da kayan tsiro na rayuwa.
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Tsuntsaye a cikin gandun daji suna wahala daga mafarautan gida - kuliyoyi. Gobarar daji ta bazara tana lalata rukunin wuraren farauta da zuriyar tsuntsayen daji na kiwo a wannan lokaci na shekara. Canjin yanayi kuma yana shafar adadin nau'in gandun daji. Dazuzzuka ko juya daga ruwan sama ko bushewa saboda rashin danshi.
Tsuntsayen Tsuntsaye na Australia
A tsibirin kasa da tsibirin makwabta, har ma a tsibirin Tasmania, akwai nau'ikan 655, yawancinsu ana da su masu daraja ne (saboda warewar yankuna). Endemism, wanda aka lura da shi a matakin nau'ikan halitta, tsiro, da ƙananan ƙasashe, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin iyalai - tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, masu yawo a Australiya, emus, da tsuntsayen daji.
Talakawa, ko kuma kwalkwali, cassowary
An bashi lakabin babban tsuntsu a Australia da kuma tsuntsaye na biyu mafi girma (bayan jimina) na duniya. Duk nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kaya iri uku an cakuɗe su da “kwalkwali”, fitowar fitina ta musamman, waɗanda masana ilimin halitta ke jayayya game da manufarta: shin halayyar jima'i ta sakandare ce, makami a cikin faɗa tare da wasu maza ko na'ura don rake ganye.
Gaskiya. Sabanin girman ban sha'awa - girma na mita biyu tare da ɗimbin nauyin kimanin kilo 60 - ana yin la'akari da cassowary na kwalkwali wanda shine mafi girman daji a Australia.
A lokacin rana, yakan yi kwana a cikin ciyawar, yana fita don ciyarwa a faɗuwar rana / faɗuwar rana da kuma neman berries, tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan kuɗi na yau da kullun baya ƙin kifin da dabbobin ƙasa. Cassowaries ba ya tashi, amma ana samun sa ba kawai a Ostiraliya ba, har ma a New Guinea. Mazaje na uba uba ne abin misali: suna kyankyashe ƙwai, suna renon kajin.
Mataimakin Tsira Eagle
An kira shi sanannen sanannen mai zane a cikin ƙasashen Ostiraliya. Ta karfin hali da karfin gwiwa, mikiya kamar fari ba ta da kasa da mikiya, tana zabar ba kananan nau'in kangaroos ba, har ma da manyan abubuwan farauta. Hauren da za a liƙa, baya hanawa, kuma daga ɗaukar kaya. Gida yana gina mafi girma daga ƙasa, akan bishiya, yana mamaye shi tsawon shekaru a jere. Yawan hauhawar gaggafa ya ragu ainun, kuma dole ne abin zargi ga manoma Australia da ke kiwon dabbobi.
Babban tsuntsu lyre
Lyrebird, mai sanyin yanayi mai tsananin zafi da gandun daji, an san shi a matsayin tsuntsu na Australiya kuma ya shahara tare da wasu don wutsiyarsa ta iska mai ban tsoro da kuma kwarewar hoto. Waƙar kiɗa ta lyrebird ita ce mafi ban mamaki - tana wucewa har tsawon awanni 4 kuma ta haɗa da kwaikwayon muryoyin tsuntsaye da aka haɗa da siginar mota, harbi, kare kare, kiɗa, amo na injin, ƙarar wuta, jackhammer da ƙari.
Babban tsuntsu mai tsayi yana bacci akan bishiyoyi, yana ciyarwa a ƙasa, yana jan tsintsiyar daji tare da wsan dabbobin sa don gano tsutsotsi, katantan, kwari da sauran ƙananan abubuwan sha. Yawancin silima sun zauna a wuraren shakatawa na Australiya, ciki har da Dandenong da Kinglake.
Tsuntsaye Tsuntsayen Arewa
Fauna na avian na Arewacin Amurka, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan 600 da umarni 19, ya zama mafi talauci fiye da na Tsakiya da Kudu. Haka kuma, wasu nau'ikan suna kama da Eurasia, wasu sun tashi daga kudu, kuma 'yan kaɗan ne kawai za'a iya ɗaukar asali.
Humanticbird mai ban dariya
Mafi girma (20 cm tsayi tare da adadin 18-20 g) wakilin dangin hummingbird shine asalin wata kabila ta Kudancin Amurka wacce ta fi son ta sauka a tsaunin 2.1 zuwa 4 kilomita sama da matakin teku. Wadannan tsuntsayen daji suna ambaliya filayen karkara / lambuna a cikin canjin yanayin canji, kazalika da tsaftataccen tsaunukan daji da laima a cikin tropics / subtropics, kuma ana samun su a cikin tsirrai mai bushe. Babbar hummingbird ta saba da rayuwa a tsaunuka saboda tsarin thermoregulation - idan ya cancanta, tsuntsu ya rage zafin jikinsa.
Blue grouse
Theabilar pheasant ne suka wakilta ta suka zauna a cikin dazuzzukan tsaunin Dutse, inda itacen pine da Douglas fir suka girma. Bayan kammala lokacin kiwo, shugabar ma'aunin shuɗi ta yi ƙaura zuwa gandun daji mai tsayi wanda ke nesa, kusan kilomita 3.6 sama da matakin teku. Abincin rani na shudi shudi yana da wadataccen ciyayi, kamar:
- furanni da inflores,
- buds da tsaba,
- berries da ganye.
A cikin hunturu, ana tilasta tsuntsaye su canza zuwa allura na Pine, galibi Pine. A cikin lokacin mating, maza suna gudana (kamar kowane baƙar fata baki ɗaya) da sauyawa - ƙwanƙwasa ɓarkewar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar cuta, daidaita wutsiya da gashin fuka-fukan a wuyan, harhada mata da launuka masu kyau na zubewa.
Mace sa 5-10 cream-fari, tare da launin ruwan kasa aibobi, qwai a cikin wani pre-tattalin gida, wanda yake shi ne rami a cikin ƙasa rufe ciyawa da needles.
Groungiyoyin Gwiwa
Wani tsuntsu na gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka, wanda ɗan asalin iyayen yara ne. Thearfin fitar da "gutsattsuran murƙushe" ya kawo shahara ga ƙwararren maƙarƙashiya, na farkon abin da za'a iya ji a cikin watan Fabrairu - Maris. Namiji mai yawan gaske yakan tashi sama da ramin da ya fadi da gurnani da gansakuka (ba kusa da gefen wani share, makiyaya ko hanya ba), koyaushe an rufe shi da bushes. Sannan guntun hazel ya fara ja da baya tare da kututtura tare da wutsiyar sa, yada fuka fuka-fukan da fikafikan su ƙasa.
Ban sha'awa. A wani lokaci, namiji ya tsaya, ya daidaita kai tsaye zuwa ga cikakkiyar tsayi, ya fara jujjuya fikafikansa da sauri da amo, domin waɗannan sautin sun shiga cikin yaƙin drum.
Bayan da aka gama wasan, tsuntsun ya zauna yayi kwanciyar hankali, domin bayan hutun minti 10, sake maimaita lambar. Da zarar zabar wani wuri, ƙungiyar abin wuya ta kasance da aminci a gare shi har tsawon shekaru.
Tsuntsayen Tsuntsayen Kudancin Amurka
Anan ga rayuwar halittu da basu kai 3,000 ba, ko fiye da rubu'in rubucen halittun da ke duniya. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna wakiltar iyalai 93, yawancinsu masu yawan gaske ne, kuma umarni 23 ne.
Cuckoos
Kudancin Amurka sun mamaye nau'ikan 23 da nau'ikan cuckoos, kuma mafi yawansu (mafi daidaituwa, mace) sune ainihin wuraren sheƙa. Ani da Guira cuckoos suna da ma'ana biyu - su ko dai su gina mazaunin kansu ko sun mamaye baƙi. Mafi alhakin cuckoo pheasant a wannan batun, gina nests da reno zuriya a kan nasu.
Wasu nau'in suna da haɗari ga haɗin kai - nau'i-nau'i da yawa suna ba da gida ɗaya, inda duk mata suke sanya ƙwai. Chingyanke da ciyar da duk nau'ikan ƙungiyar a biyun.
Cuckoos na Kudancin Amurka sune mafi yawan tsuntsayen daji, suna fifita tsintsaye da yawa na itace, kodayake wasu nau'in, alal misali, cuckoo na Mexico, ana samun su a cikin hamada inda cacti kawai suke girma.
Frogi
Wadannan mazaunan tsibirin suna da wakilcin 25 tare da nau'ikan 111, waɗanda suka fi fice daga cikinsu sune kore Amazons, da shuɗi, rawaya, ja da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Akwai wasu ƙananan perots (kore passerine) waɗanda ke da ƙanƙanci ga mai macaw a girma, amma ba a cikin farin zubewa ba. Yawancin parrots suna zaɓar dazuzzuka mai zafi don rayuwa, amma wasu nau'ikan ba sa jin tsoron buɗe shimfidar wurare, gina buɗaɗɗun su a cikin ɓoye ko ɓoye.
Chinamu
Iyalin jinsin 42 suna da matukar muhimmanci ga Kudanci da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, an kori tsuntsaye daga umarnin kaji, inda suka samu saboda kamanceceniya da guntun lemo, kuma an karɓe su a matsayin dangin ostriches. Duk tinama tashi da kyau, amma suna gudana lafiya, kuma maza suna bin shafukan sirri, suna shiga fada tare da masu keta iyaka.
Wannan tsananin ba zai shafi mace ba: mai shi ya aura tare da duk wanda yawo cikin ƙasarta.
Dukkanin ƙurar haihuwar gaba ɗaya tak ke sanya kwai a cikin gida ɗaya, ana shirya su a ƙasa, suna ɗora alhakin kula da ɗan tsintsiya zuwa babban uba, wanda ke haɗa ƙwai kuma yana jagorantar kajin. Sa’ad da aka haife su, za su iya bin namiji har ma su sami abinci. Wasu nau'in chinamu sun haɗu kuma suna kula da zuriya tare.
Tsuntsayen Tsuntsayen New Zealand
A cikin New Zealand da tsibiran da ke kusa da ita, akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye 156, gami da abubuwan karewa, daga iyalai 35 da umarni 16. Iyakar abin da ke ɓoye (ba tare da ƙarewa ba) da kuma wasu iyalai biyu masu haɗari ('yan wasan New Zealand da wrens).
Kiwi
Abubuwa uku suna wakiltar ɓoyayyen mara garkuwa: saboda ragi, fikafikan kiwi ba su da bambanci a ƙarƙashin ƙayayyiyar ulu, mafi kyawun fata. Tsuntsu ba ya fi girma fiye da kaza (har zuwa 4 kilogiram), amma yana da takamaiman bayyanar - jikin mai siffar pear, ƙananan idanu, gajerun kafafu masu ƙarfi da dogon baki tare da ƙoshin hanci a ƙarshen.
Kiwi ya samo abincinsa (kifayen kwari, kwari, huɗun daji, crustaceans, amphibians, berries / fruitsa )an) da taimakon kyawawan ƙanshin sa warin, yana nutsar da tsinkayen bakinsa a cikin ƙasa. Masu tsinkaye kuma suna gano kiwi ta wari, kamar yadda gashinsa suke jin ƙanshi kamar namomin kaza.
Tattabara New Zealand
Wannan tsuntsu na daji, mai matukar kyau ga New Zealand, ana yaba shi a matsayin kurciya mafi kyawu a duniya. An danƙa masa wani babban aiki mai ɗaukar nauyi - don watsa ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi, ƙirƙirar ƙirar musamman ta New Zealand. Kurciya a New Zealand tana ɗokin cin 'ya'yan itace, berries, harbe, fure da furanni daban-daban na bishiyoyi, amma musamman lamuni a kan tsinkaye.
Ban sha'awa. Bayan cinye ɗan itacen berries, ɗan tsuntsu ya rasa daidaituwarsa kuma ya fadi daga rassa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya ɗaukar sunan barkwanci "mai farin ciki, ko bugu, kurciya."
Pigeons suna zaune na dogon lokaci, amma suna zama a hankali: mace ta sanya kwai 1, wanda iyayen biyu suka kyankyashe. Da sanyi, pigeons na New Zealand sun cika kitsen mai, da ƙima sosai kuma sun zama kayan farauta.
Gouilly
'Yan wasan New Zealand (3 suna da nau'o'i 5), masu suna bayan Maori Indiyawan, waɗanda suka lura da kukan tsuntsayen "Uya, Uyia, Uyya." Waɗannan jerin littattafan har zuwa 40 cm tsayi tare da fuka fukai masu rauni kuma suna da launi mai hankali, galibi baƙar fata ko launin toka, wani lokacin ma ana tare da ita mai ja (kamar tiko). A gindin baki, ana ganin fararen fata masu launin fata, masu girma a cikin maza. Guiyi, a gefen kare, yankuna masu faɗi ɗaya da yanki. Speciesaya daga cikin jinsin, biting guia, ya riga ya ɓace daga fuskar duniya.
Tsuntsaye Tsuntsayen Afirka
Fauna na tsuntsayen Afirka yana da umarni 22, gami da iyalai 90. Baya ga nau'ikan farauta koyaushe, yawancin tsuntsaye daga Turai da Asiya suna zuwa nan don hunturu.
Wauta
Gidan pheasants a Afirka yana wakilta nau'ikan 38, 35 daga cikinsu sune turuch (francolins) waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin gandun daji ko tsirrai. Turach, kamar na kaji-da yawa, ana canza launin launuka daban-daban, tare da rariyoyi da aibobi sun banbanta da janar (launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, baki ko yashi) asalinsu. Wasu nau'ikan an yi wa ado da gashin fuka-fikan / ja kusa da idanu ko kuma makogwaro.
Noma shine girman raƙuman matsakaici da nauyinsa daga 400 zuwa 550 g. Yana haifar da yanayin tsaka mai wuya, yana fifita kwarin kogi, inda akwai ciyayi masu yawa (harbe, tsaba da berries), har da invertebrates. Yana gina gida a ƙasa, yana kwanciya har ƙwai 10, wanda macen tayiwa tsawon sati 3. Uwa ta biyu tana haɗu da kiwon icksan bayan da suka kyankyashe.
Buffoon gaggafa
Sunan na biyu shine figur. Wannan tsuntsu ne na daji daga dangin shaho, wanda ya kai 0.75 m a lokacin balaga, yana yin nauyi kilogiram 2-3 da fuka-fukai har zuwa 160-180 cm.Don haske, frog yayi kama da aku: yana da lafazi (tare da canzawa zuwa ruwan lemo) gumi mai baki, m launin ruwan kasa baya / wutsiya da ƙafa mai haske mai haske. Fuka-fukan baƙaƙen fata ne, tare da madaidaitan shimfidar fuka-fukin launin shuɗi. Ana jefa kai, kirji da wuya tare da anthracite.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna mamaye menu na gaggafa-buffoon, amma akwai wasu dabbobi (dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye):
Suna neman ganima, stersan ɓarayin suna cinye yawancin rayukansu a cikin sama, galibi suna haɗuwa cikin fakitoci sama da hamsin. Kullum suna da gida a kan rassan itacen Acacia ko baobab, suna gina gida a sama da rabin mitir a diamita.
Baƙin Afirka
Ana iya danganta shi ga tsuntsayen daji kamar yadda ake so, idan da gaskiyar cewa asirin Afirka ba wai kawai a cikin tuddai ne ba, hamada, hamadar tudu ba, har ma a cikin shukakkun daji da savannahs. A ƙarshen wasu lokuta suna cika da bishiyoyi, suna samar da wani irin gandun daji.
Ban sha'awa. Namoji suna zaune a hatsi, kuma maza suna kare budurcinsu da ƙarfi suna ruri kamar zakuna na gaske.
Shuhurai sai su haɗu cikin babbar ƙungiya (har zuwa tsuntsaye 600) don farautar tare da ƙananan shinge da invertebrates. Ostriches suna haɓaka abincin shuka na yau da kullun tare da wasa, ba mantawa don shayar da ƙishirwarsu a cikin wuraren ajiyar halitta mafi kusa.
Tsuntsayen daji na Eurasia
Fiye da nau'ikan 1,7,000 na tsuntsaye daga iyalai 88 wadanda aka haɗa su zuwa umarnin gida guda 20 a nahiyar. Kome zaki ga tsuntsaye ya faɗi akan wurare masu zafi na Eurasia - Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Goshawk
Mafi girma daga shaho, wanda mata bisa ga al'ada sun fi maza girma. Matan sun girma zuwa 0.6 m tare da nauyin 0.9-1.6 kilogiram da fuka-fukan fuka-fukai sun kai zuwa 1.15 m. Goshawk, kamar sauran shaho, an baiwa fararen idanuwa masu “gashin ido” - fari na gashin fari a saman idanun.
Tsakaninsu, goshawks ke sadarwa ta amfani da babbar murya.
Wadannan tsuntsayen daji suna yin sheƙunansu a cikin matattarar maɓallin katako mai ƙarfi tare da hasken matsakaici, inda akwai tsoffin bishiyoyi masu tsayi da gefuna don farauta masu dacewa. Goshaws suna bin wasan mai cike da dumin jini (gami da tsuntsaye), da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma hanyoyin motsa jiki. Kada ku ji tsoron kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar a rabin nauyinsu.
Jay
Tsarin tsuntsayen daji ne mai girman matsakaici, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yankin dazuka. Jay sanannen sanannen haske ne, kuma nau'ikann su sun bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan halittu, da kuma karfin jikinta na onomatopoeic. Tsuntsayen ba wai kawai ake iya canza wasu abubuwa bane kawai, harma da duk wani sauti mai girma, daga sauti na gatari har zuwa muryar mutum. Jay da kanta tayi kururuwa ba kakkautawa.
Jays yana ciyar da tsutsotsi, tsintsaye, katako, ƙwaya, berries, tsaba, har ma ... ƙananan tsuntsaye. Gida a kan tsayi bushes / bishiyoyi, sakawa gida kusa da gangar jikin. Clutch yawanci yana da 5-8 qwai, wanda kajin kyankyasar kwanaki a ranakun 16-17.
Al'adu na yau da kullun
Tsuntsu na daji na Migratory tare da fure mai launin shuɗi na Turai. Ana samunsa ba wai kawai a cikin dazuzzuka ko gauraye ba, har ma a cikin garuruwan birrai / itacen oak, da kuma wuraren shakatawa na birni da lambuna.
A lokacin bazara, waƙar Oriole ta ƙunshi saƙo mai ƙarfi. Yayin da tsuntsun ya rikita, yakan lalace sosai, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiransa da sunan cat.
Maza suna kiyaye makircinsu, suna farawa da masu hamayya. Nests karkatar da cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan, da farko saƙa wani irin raga daga huɗ zarurrukan, sannan kuma ganuwar, ƙarfafa su da Birch haushi, ciyawa da gansakuka. Qwai (4-5 guda) an dage farawa a watan Mayu.
Kayan tsuntsayen jay da robin
Jay - yawo da ƙaura, a kudu - zauna. Yana zaune a Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Afirka.
Yana ciyarwa ba kawai akan kayan lambu ba har ma akan abincin dabbobi. A cikin Turai, jays suna da babban abincin itacen oak. Tana hannun jari don hunturu kuma tana haɓaka rarraba itacen oak.
Hakanan ta ci tsaba iri, berries, kwari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, frogs, lizards, ƙananan tsuntsaye, alal misali, gizo-gizo. Jay na kajin da qwai daga gida ku ci.
A robin tsuntsu mai hotoRobin ko zaryanka - sanannen sanannen tsuntsu daga dangin bama-bamai.
Wannan pichu ne mai matukar girman ido, tare da nono mai launin ja, lallai ne kun hadu a cikin gandun daji, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a inda ta kasance tun farkon Afrilu.
Ba za ku manta da busa ƙahonsa ba kamar karrarawa lokacin da kuka ji sau ɗaya. Awararren mawaƙan soloiya a cikin mawaƙan gandun daji, Robin an shahararsa dangi ne game da daddare saboda waƙinta mai kama da kararrawa ta azurfa.
Tare da waɗannan waƙoƙin waƙoƙi mara kyau, sanyin safiya yana farawa kuma yana ƙare lokacin faɗuwar rana tare da doguwar rana, mai aiki. Saboda haka, tsuntsu mai ban mamaki da ake kira zaryanyanka.
Hotunan tsuntsayen hoopoe da cuckoo
Hoto na tsuntsu hoopoewanda shine mafi shahara. Yana da babban crest kyakkyawa wanda ya taimaka masa kada ya rikice tare da kowa. Haske mai walƙiya yana sa ya zama mai ban sha'awa musamman.
Dogon murfin motsi a kai shine fasalin halaye na hoopoe. Crest ya ƙunshi layuka gashin fuka-fukai biyu waɗanda suke da baƙar fata a ƙarshensa da fararen ƙananan digo waɗanda suke canza wurin lokacin da murfin ke motsawa. Gashin gwiwar hoopoe dogo ne mai kauri, mai kauri.
Hoopoe yana da hankali, amma baya jin tsoro. Lokacin da yake jin tsoro ko tsoro, tokarwar tasa tana buɗewa kamar fan. Haka abin yake a lokacin da ya yi ƙasa.
A photo cuckoo tsuntsusuna zaune ko'ina a Rasha. Ganin cuckoo yana da matukar wahala. Kowa ya ji ta “cuckoo,” amma kaxan ne suka ga wannan tsuntsu.
Cuckoo na yau da kullun ya kai tsawon cm 38. Fuka-fukin fukafukan yana da cm 55. Tsuntsu ya kai kimanin kilogram 130. Kafafunta suna da ƙarfi amma gajeru.
Hoton wani tsuntsu mai cin gashin kansa, wanda ke zaune a wurare da yawa na ƙasarmu. An kira shi daban: maroƙi ko makiyaya. Daga cikin tsoffin Slavs, ana ɗaukar shi mai tsarki ne, mutane ba su taɓa taɓaw da cinya ba.