Kasa da kestrel - tsawon jiki 28-33 cm, nauyi 130-190 g. Wingspan 75 cm. Maza suna da farin baki tare da jan baki da kuma jan kafafu na kafafu. Mace ta kasance mai sauƙin rikitarwa tare da cheglock, amma kuma tana da jan tsumma a kafafunta, wani ja da kambi mai haske. Tsuntsayen matasa suna da kambi mai haske. Falcon yana da fuka-fuki mai tsayi da kuma raɗaɗin raunin madaukai akan wutsiyar. Wannan wani tsuntsu ne mai sauƙin fahimta wanda yake son ƙungiyar.
Tana zaune a cikin tsaunuka, dajin-daji, ƙananan kwari da tuddai. Ba ya zama a cikin gandun daji.
Yakan yi birgima a cikin mazauna, yawanci zaɓar wuraren da mazaunun da suka taɓa zama. Matar fara sa qwai a cikin marigayi Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Iyayen sun saka kwai 3-4 ocher tare da tufatar launin toka mai duhu da duhu, kuma mace tana yin hakan ne cikin dare da kuma kafin bayyanuwar kajin. Kyankar kyankyasai bayan kwana 28. Bayan fitowar su, namiji ya ba da abincin mace a gida, sai ta mika wa kajin. Masu shaye shaye ko kuma latti lokacin da kaji ya mutu saboda galibi ana bayar da abincin ne ga waɗannan kajin da suka fi kuzari.
Suna ciyar da manyan kwari (ciyawar ciyawa, dusar ƙanƙara), mice da masu lizards.
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Falco vespertinus |
Sunan Turanci: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Falcon-kamar |
Iyali: | Consarya |
Kyau: | Consarya |
Tsayin jiki: | 28-33 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 23-35 cm |
Wingspan: | 65-77 cm |
Weight: | 130-197 g |
Bayanin Bird
Kobchik karamin falcon ne, wanda a gwargwadonsa da hanyar rayuwa ya yi kama da kestrel, amma ya bambanta da shi ta fuka-fukan fuka-fuki. Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 28 zuwa 33 cm, tsawon fikafikan shine 23-35 cm, fuka-fukin ya kasance daga 65 zuwa 77 cm, nauyin yana daga 130 zuwa 197. Gwanin ya kasance gajere kuma yana da rauni.
Danshi
Thearfin yatsu na namiji mai launin shuɗi ne-mai launin toka (kusan baki) a launi tare da bulo mai ruwan toka mai ruwan tummy, ƙarƙashin wutsiya da “wando”. Mace tana da launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launin toka a bayanta, fikafikai da wutsiya, an yi wa mahaifarta ciki ado da dogon gashi, kuma wani "baki mai-baki" a fuskarta. Yaron girma ana fentin launin launin ruwan kasa tare da ciki mai haske wanda aka rufe da mottles mai tsayi. Safa, saƙa da zobe mai ƙoshin fata a cikin maza da ruwan lemo, launin rawaya a cikin kananan tsuntsaye. Abun yadudduka suna da launin ruwan kasa. Iris duhu launin ruwan kasa.
Abin da ke ci
Dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar sauran tsuntsaye masu cin nama, sun fi son abincin dabbobi. Koyaya, saboda girman madaidaicin su, waɗannan ƙananan falnoffen ganima da farko akan manyan kwari, kamar su dodonflies ko manyan ƙwaro. A yankunansu na hunturu, wanda suke a cikin Afirka, tsuntsayen suna sha'awar cin fari.
Idan, saboda wasu dalilai, kwari ba su cikin mazaunan cobby, tsuntsayen sun fara farautar ƙananan ƙwayoyin. A cikin irin waɗannan halayen, ƙananan dabbar dawakai suna cin abinci akan mice, kuma suna ƙara haɗari da ƙananan macizai a cikin abincinsu. Bugu da kari, ragi, kuma a lokuta masu rarer, har ma manyan tsuntsaye irin su pigeons, sun zama ganima na falcon.
An fassara sunan 'Latin' din 'falsafar' vespertinus 'a matsayin maraice', amma, tsuntsu yakan farauta ne da rana, lokacin rana.
Halin ciyar da falcon ba wai kawai ba zai cutar da amfanin gona ba, amma, akasin haka, yana taimakawa don samun ƙarin albarkatu, tun da ƙaramin falcon zai lalata ƙwayoyin kwari, gwoza, ƙuraje, da kuma falcon ba su barin tsuntsayen da ke ɗanɗano albarkatu ba.
Ana tsare da fallolin a cikin bauta, kuma a lokaci guda suna ciyar da iri ɗaya kamar yadda sauran nau'ikan tsuntsayen ke cin abincin su. A gida, mazan suna da daɗin zama saboda sun zama kusan iko da sauƙi kuma ana samun sauƙin amfani da abinci da yawa.
Ina suke zama
Babban yankin da aka raba shi da falcon shine gandun daji na Eurasia, yana farawa daga Gabashin Turai da yankin Balkan na yamma da yamma zuwa Kogin Vilyui, Kogin Lena da bakin tekun Baikal a gabas. Zuwa gabas yana da alaƙar jinsunan ƙananan falcon - Amur ƙananan falcon.
Ppan kuyali sune tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. A cikin hunturu, sun yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasan kudu maso gabashin Afirka, kuma a ɓangare zuwa kudu na Asiya. Ana aiwatar da jirgin sama koyaushe a cikin manyan garken, ba kamar sauran wakilan dangin falcon ba.
Maza yawanci galibi suna cikin mazaunin rabuwa da hankaka ko magpies, ƙasa da yawa a cikin ɗakunan furanni, da maɓuɓɓuka, da ƙyamare. Tsuntsayen suna samar da manyan yankuna tare da kusan 100. Daga wuraren hunturu suna komawa Mayu, kuma suna tashi a farkon watan Agusta. -An jan ƙafa masu jan ƙafa ba tare dayansu ba, kamar yadda lokacin haihuwar nasu ke da alaƙa da lokacin kiwo da fari da sauran kwari.
Amur ko Oriental, Redfin (Falco amurensis)
Dangane da girmansa da salon rayuwa, jinsin suna matukar alakanta shi da ɗan itacen fari, amma ya bambanta da shi ta hanyar rutsawa. Ana fentin Amur kobchik a cikin sautunan da ba su dace ba; yanayin aikinsa shine farin farin cheeks. Har ila yau, tummy tsuntsaye shima fari ne, an sameshi. A cikin maza, zurfin fikafikansu wani bangare fari ne. Mata da matasa suna da launin toka mai launin fari tare da farin wuya da kunci. Gashin fuka-fukai a kafafu da qarqashin wutsiyar wutsiya fari kuma.
Kabilar a cewar sunan suna tartsatsi a Gabas ta Tsakiya (arewa maso gabashin China, gabashin Mongolia, Koriya ta Arewa). A Rasha, ana samun tsuntsu a Transbaikalia, Yankin Amur da Primorye. A cikin hunturu, kamar falconconcon na al'ada, yakan ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Afirka, yayin da tsuntsaye suke tashi kimanin kilomita 10,000.
Tushen abincin Amur kobchik kwari ne. Tsuntsu ya yi sheka ko dai a kan bishiyoyi ko a cikin rami. A rayuwa, ya fi son zabi gandun daji-steppe, karkarar tuddai, inda akwai daki biyu don zirga-zirga da kuma yiwuwar samun abinci.
Namiji da mace: manyan bambance-bambance
Ana nuna bambancin Jima'i a cikin ɓarnuwa a cikin duhu mai duhu, kusan baƙar fata mai launin ɗa namiji, wanda ciki, rashin hankali da “wando” masu launin shuɗi ne masu launi. Mace a cikin rudani tana da haske, ocher da sautunan launin toka sun mamaye launinta, akwai kuma maɗaukakkiyar juyawa ta baya, fuka-fukai da wutsiya, da kuma madaidaiciya mottles a ciki, fuskar mace an yi wa ado da baki "gashin-baki".
Kiwo
Maza suna zuwa zuwa wuraren farauta a ƙarshen, a cikin Mayu, don haka nan da nan a wannan lokacin lokacin dabbar ta fara canjin.
Mace na daga kwane uku zuwa shida, wanda yakai tsawon kwanaki 25 zuwa 28. Duk wannan lokacin, mace ba ta barin kamawa na minti daya, namiji zai kula da ita ya kawo abincin ta. Yana cikin wannan lokacin, lokacin da mace fine yake yin kyankyasar kwai, zaku iya jin sautin waƙar ɗan'uwan namiji, wanda yake bugawa yayin farauta.
A farkon watan Yuli, kajin sun tashi tsaye kan reshe kuma har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta suna tashi sosai kuma zasu iya samun nasu abincin. Don haka, a lokacin ƙaura zuwa gidan hunturu a Afirka, ƙananan tsuntsaye sun riga sun zama cikakkiyar membobin garken kuma suna yin rayuwa mai 'yanci.
Tsawon rayuwar maza yana daga shekaru 12 zuwa 16, a cikin bauta, tsuntsaye sukan daɗe tsawon rayuwa. Don haka, a cikin Afirka, a kowace kakar, mazauna karkara suna ba da tsuntsaye da yawa, kuma shekaru da yawa sukan “tattara” garken nasu, wanda ba ya komawa ƙasarsu ta asali da adana amfanin gona daga mamaye, fararen ƙwaya da ƙananan tsuntsaye. Irin waɗannan 'mazaunan' mazajen 'maza suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
- Maza suna iya kai hari ga heron, amma ba kamar ganima na abinci ba, amma don kawar da gida daga heron.
- Upsungiyoyi sune tsuntsaye na zamantakewa, suna zaune a cikin mazauna, maza suna kula da mata yayin fara haihuwar. Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a kama da kuma hora 'yar maraba a kowane lokaci, sai dai don lokacin shiryawa ƙwai. Waɗannan ƙananan falsafancin suna da hali na lumana, mai sassauƙa, suna da sauƙin gurzawa, amma tunda suna son tashiwa, suna iya tashi daga wurin mai su. A zamanin da, an yanke fikafikan ga 'yan'uwa maza da maza saboda wannan. Koyaya, akwai misalai da yawa na yadda mutane suka sami kare mai rauni, suka kula da shi kuma suka sake shi, kuma tsuntsu ya dawo baya, har ma da abin da ya ci.
- Ppan kuli-kuli suna kawo wa mutane fa'idodi masu yawa. Suna lalata babban ciyawar ciyawa da sauran kwari, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye amfanin gona. Musamman mazan suna da amfani don ƙaruwa mai yawa a yawan ƙwayoyin dabbobi da kwari masu cutarwa.
- Zuwa yau, yawan fararen mashin da ke jan kafa ke raguwa koyaushe. Babban dalilin wannan shine sinadaran da mutane ke shayar da filayen. Hakanan rage girman dabbobin tsuntsayen, wanda ke cutar da su sosai. Listedan ƙananan dawakai an jera su a cikin Littafin Lissafi kuma suna buƙatar babbar kariya. A yau ana karɓar su a ƙasashen duniya a matsayin ƙwararrun dabbobi, kuma an yi masu alama da matsayin "a cikin jihar da ke kusa da barazanar." A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, farauta harbi na falcon da doka ta haramta.