Duniya cike take da dabbobi da kuma dabbobi masu ban mamaki. Mun san mutane da yawa, amma wasu ba su saba da mu ba, duk da cewa ba su da ɗan ban sha'awa fiye da dabbobi. Suchaya daga cikin irin waɗannan dabbobi indri.
Indri ne mafi girma lemurs a duniya, waɗanda suka samar da nasu daban jinsin da dangin indriyas. Jinsuna indri wasu. Dukkansu sun bambanta da kamanninsu kuma suna da halaye dabam dabam.
Haɓakarsu ya ɗan faɗi kaɗan na mita, za su iya girma zuwa 90 cm, amma wutsiyar ƙanana ce, 5 cm kawai, ba kamar lemurs ba. Yawan nauyinsu yana iya kasancewa daga kilogiram 6 zuwa 10. Suna da kafafan kafafu manya-manya, yatsunsu kuma suna nan, kamar a hannun mutum, da wani babban yatsa, don saurin motsi.
Shugaban da baya na duka indri baƙi ne, mayafin yana da marmari, lokacin farin ciki, mai tarin yawa, da fararen fata da baƙi. Gaskiya ne, dangane da mazauninsu, launin zai iya canza ƙarfin daga mafi cikakke, launi mai duhu zuwa mai sauƙi. Amma kashin wannan dabba ba a rufe shi da gashi, amma yana da duhu, kusan launin baki.
Ana iya ganin waɗannan dabbobin masu nishaɗi a Madagascar. Lemurs sun zauna a can daidai, indri ma yana da dadi kawai a wannan tsibiri, musamman a yankin arewa maso gabas.
Dazuzzukan daji suna da dabbobi musamman dabbobi, inda bayan an yi ruwa sosai danshi ba ya kwashewa nan da nan, amma saboda ciyayi mai yawa ya daɗe. Danshi yana bada rai ga kowane nau'in tsire-tsire a cikin waɗannan gandun daji, kuma wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga indri. Damfara IndriMisali, yana da dogon wutsiya. Yana amfani dashi lokacin tsalle, lokacin motsawa cikin bishiyoyi da rassan.
Hoton Indo
Kuma launin wannan nau'in ya ɗan bambanta - crested indri kusan dukkan fari ne, kawai yana da alamun duhu. Don waɗannan alamun duhu (musamman akan kirji), ana girmama mace ta maza. Masana kimiyya sun bayyana cewa samari masu yawan gaske suna yin abokantaka tare da mazajen da ke da launi mai duhu.
Abin sha'awa, mata da maza suna alamar yankinsu. Ko yaya, idan mata suka sanya alama suka mallaka don kada wani ya ɓoye shinge a cikin rukuninsu, to maza suna yiwa yankin alama don jan hankalin mace. Fufu Indri yana da nasa bambanci - yana da gashi mai tsawo musamman a bayan sa. Farin da ya shafi farar fata shine mafi girman lemur.
Shaggy Indri
Wakilan wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa kilogram 10 cikin nauyi. Af, waɗannan su ma indri ne, waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan wutsiya mai tsayi zuwa 45 cm tsayi. Farin cikin gida zaɓi arewa maso gabas na tsibirin.
Akwai wakilan indriyas, waɗanda a cikin yanayi babu abin da ya fi guda 500 (indri Perriere). Ba su da daɗewa kuma an daɗe suna jerin sunayensu a cikin Redungiyar Karatu ta Duniya.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Dazuzzuka da manyan bishiyoyi suna da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗannan dabbobi, saboda galibin rayuwarsu akan rassa, amma da wuya su gangara zuwa ƙasa, sannan kuma, daga matsananciyar buƙata.
A ƙasa, birai na Indri suna motsawa kamar ƙaramin maza akan kafafunsu na baya, suna ɗaga ƙafafunsu na sama sama. Amma akan itacen indri ji kamar kifi a ruwa. Zasu iya tsallake walƙiya cikin sauri ba kawai daga reshe zuwa reshe ba, har ma daga itace zuwa itace.
Suna motsawa sosai ba kawai a cikin hanyoyin kwance ba, har ma da mamaki suna motsa sama da ƙasa. Indri bai yi yawa da daddare ba. Suna son rana sosai. Suna son yin ɗumi da kansu, suna zaune a farjojin bishiyoyi, neman abinci, kuma kawai suna birgewa a kan rassan.
A cikin dare, suna motsawa ne kawai a cikin waɗannan lokuta yayin da mummunan yanayi ya lalata ko farmaki daga maƙiyan. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa game da wannan dabbar ita ce wakarsa. “Kida da wake-wake” yakan faru ne a daidai lokacin da aka tsara, yawanci daga karfe 7 na safe zuwa 11 na safe.
Ba za a iya sayan tikiti ba, kukan ma'auratan Indri sun ba da nisa mai nisa, ana iya jin ta a cikin nisan kilomita 2 daga “mawaƙin”. Dole ne in faɗi cewa Indo ba a rera waka don nishaɗin kansu ba, tare da waɗannan ihu suna sanar da kowa cewa ma'aurata sun riga sun mamaye yankin.
Kuma a cikin mallakar biyu, yawanci, ya haɗa da yanki daga kadada 17 zuwa 40. Baya ga waƙoƙi, namiji ma yana yin alamar yankinsa. Sau da yawa, ana kiran indri sifaka. Wadannan birai sun sami irin wannan suna saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin lokutan haɗari suna yin sautikan da ke kama da tari mai amo ko huhun - "sifff-ak!". Abubuwan da mutane ke lura da su sun lura da wannan fasalin kuma sun kira shi indri sifaka.
Abincin Indri
Abincin waɗannan dabbobi ba shi da bambanci sosai. Babban abinci don Indri shine ganyen bishiyoyi iri daban daban. Ciyayi na Madagascar suna da wadatattun 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni masu ƙanshi, kawai ba su ɗanɗano waɗannan manyan lemurs ba, za su ci ƙasar da kyau.
A zahiri, wannan ba wargi bane. Indri da gaske zai iya sauka daga wata itaciya don cin duniya. Me yasa suke yin haka, masana kimiyya basu riga sun koya ba tukuna, amma suna ba da shawara cewa ƙasa za ta keɓance wasu abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke cikin ganyayyaki. Ganyen ba za a iya kiransa abinci mai kalori mai yawa ba, saboda kada ya lalata kuzari, indri yana da hutawa da yawa.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Waɗannan dabbobin ba sa yin kiwo kowace shekara. Mace na iya kawo ƙwarya guda ɗaya a kowane 2, ko ma shekaru 3. Ta ciki ne dogon - watanni 5. A cikin nau'ikan indri daban-daban, lokacin kiwo yana sauka akan watanni daban-daban, kuma, sakamakon haka, jariran suna fitowa a lokuta daban-daban.
Little Indri ta fara hau kan mahaifiyarta, daga karshe ta koma gefe. Watanni shida bayan haka, mahaifiyar ta ciyar da jaririn da madararta, kuma bayan watanni shida sai ɗan ya fara yayen daga abinci mai shayarwa.
Kodayake, yaro saurayi Indri ana iya ɗaukar shi saurayin ƙarshe ne kawai bayan ya cika watanni 8. Amma har zuwa shekara guda yana tare da iyayensa, don haka yana da aminci, mafi aminci, kuma yana rayuwa cikin kulawa. Mace ma har ta kai ga yin jima'i sau 7 kawai, ko ma a shekara 9 da haihuwa.
Masana kimiyya ba su sami damar gano shekaru nawa waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa ba. Koyaya, saboda bayyanar da suka saba, waɗannan dabbobin sune batun camfi iri-iri. Saboda wannan, an shafe su da yawa. Amma yana da matukar wahala a maido da adadin wadannan lemurs. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci kulawa ta musamman don kula da irin waɗannan dabbobi da ba a sani ba.
Taqaitaccen Indri
Girman gajeran wutsiya mai matsakaici matsakaici ne: tsawon jikinsa yakai daga santimita 61 zuwa 71. Makarfin yana da tsawo sosai kuma hanci yana gajarta, yana sanya indri yayi kamar biri.
Kodayake yawanci lemur yana da wulakanci mai tsawo. Shugaban yana karami ne kuma idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran sassan jikin da alama basu dace ba. An rufe manyan kunnuwa sosai da gashi. Wani fasali mai kyau na gajeren wutsiya sune gajerun wutsiyoyi, su ne kawai 5-6 santimita a tsayi, irin waɗannan masu girma dabam a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan sune ƙananan. Yatsun yana da alaƙa guda ɗaya, saboda haka suna aiki gaba ɗaya, kuma an kame motsin hannu tare da taimakon babban yatsa.
Mayafin a baya mai kauri ne, dogaye, siliki, kuma a ciki ya fi guntu. Launi na iya zama daban: launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, baki. Wasu mutane na iya zama kusan baki, yayin da wasu kuma kusan fararen fata ne. Kashi na baya, kai da goge-goge yawanci baƙi ne. A baya, sau da yawa akwai wuri mai faɗi uku. Short-taray indri suna da laryngeal sacs waɗanda ke aiki azaman resonators.
Taqaitaccen Indri (Indri indri).
Rayuwar Indri
Gidajen gargajiya na gajeren zango shine ciyayin dajin yayi girma a tsawan kilogram 1800. Wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne musamman a cikin gungun dangi na mutane 3-4. Yawancin lokuta suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Nuna aiki da rana. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna cikin wani yanki.
Hawan gangar jikin, Indri cikin ladabi ana rarrabe ƙafafun hind. Sun sauka ba wuya, wutsiya da farko.
Itace Indri basa cinye lokacinsu, wani lokacin ma sai su fadi kasa. A ƙasa, motsawar indri, tsalle, a kan wata gabar ƙashin bayansu, yayin da jikin yana tsaye a tsaye, ƙafafun gaba suna riƙe sama da kan don daidaitawa. Dogon gajeren wando Indri yana hutawa a kan rassan, yayin da suke zaune, kuma suna kama ƙafafunsu da ƙafafunsu. Hakanan zasu iya shimfiɗa su cikin rassan, kuma paws sun rataye.
Kamar kowane lemurs, indri mazaunan Madagascar ne.
Wadannan lemurs suna ƙaunar shiga cikin rana, yayin da suke hutawa suna yada ƙafafunsu zuwa ga tarnaƙi don mafi kyawun ɗumi da kirjinsu. Saboda wannan, almara sun taso wadanda ba sa bautawa rana.
Indri dabbobi ne masu tsoro, amma suna da babbar murya, da taimakon da suke isar da labarai game da kansu.
Daga cikin lemurs, gajere mai gajeren indri suna da mafi kyawun murya. Yawancin marubutan suna kiransu "karnukan daji", saboda waɗannan dabbobin suna kuka kamar karnuka. Kuma wasu sun ce suna kururuwa kamar mutum yana kuka. Ana iya jin sautinsu cikin dare da rana. Mafi yawan ihu suna ɗaukar mintina kaɗan, sannan ɗan hutu ya biyo baya, kuma ana sake jin muryoyin.
Saurari muryar Inde mai gajeren zango
Abincin ya ƙunshi ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni. Suna cin abinci galibi da safe da maraice.
Indri - kayan gado na herbivorous. Suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki da yawa.
Ciki yakan kai kimanin watanni biyu. Oneaya kawai ɗa ne haife.
Nazarin farko na gajere-tailed indri
Sonner ya gano gajeriyar hanyar Indri, wannan ya faru lokaci guda tare da buɗe ay-ay. Ya kira dabbobin idri, yana gaskata cewa wannan sunan yankin ne na dabba, amma a zahiri sunan yana nufin "Ga shi nan."
Da farko dai, mazauna karkara sun yi kokarin kar su cutar da wadannan dabbobin. A cikin wasu kabilu an ɗauke su masu alfarma ne, adadi da yawa na gado daban-daban suna da alaƙa da su. Sun yi tunani cewa idan ka jefa mashi a kan dabba, zai same shi a kan tsuntsu ya sake jefa shi. Sonner ya rubuta waɗannan almara, amma wannan ba ya faɗi cewa bayanan mai binciken ba amintattu ba ne.
Bayan lokaci, aka daina amfani da indri a matsayin mai tsarki. Rand ya rubuta a cikin 1935 cewa wasu kabilu suna amfani da naman waɗannan dabbobin, yayin da wasu sun yarda da girbi indri don tarin. Sonner ya rubuta cewa, ativesan asalin gari sun ja da baya kamar karnukan farauta, ko kuma horar da su don kama tsuntsaye.
Kalmar "indri" a Madagascar ma'ana "ga ta nan."
Yawan Indri ya ragu
Short-tarayru Indri talaucin yin haƙuri, ba sa iya jituwa ko da a ƙasashensu na asali. 'Yan kaxan ne kawai suka sami damar kawo rayuwa zuwa Amurka da Turai. Amma a cikin bauta basu taɓa yin birgewa ba, kuma kula da su yana da matsala. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan yanayin ba a bayyane suke ba, amma akwai wani wuri da zai zama sanadiyyar yanayin jiki da ta hankali.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da tsarin narkewa mai narkewa, saboda haka, wataƙila, baza su iya dacewa da sabon yanayi ba. Saboda wannan, suna zama mara nauyi kuma sun rasa ikon rayuwa.
Malagasy sun yi imanin cewa rayukan matattu suna ci gaba da rayuwa cikin rayuwa.
Har zuwa yan 'yan shekarunnan, gajeren zanan ta yayi yawa, amma lalata gandun daji ya haifar da raguwa sosai. A yau, matsayin gajeren zango ya yi daidai da na yawancin biran birrai na tsibirin Madagascar, amma tunda suna da ƙaramin yanki don rarraba su, lamarin ya fi musu muhimmanci. Ba da daɗewa ba, ɗan gajeren gashi zai iya ɓacewa gabaɗaya.
Yawan jama'a a tsakiyar tsibirin a wuraren tsaunukai tsaunuka da tsaunuka musamman abin ya shafa. Kwanan nan, akwai da yawa cikin gari, amma yanzu kusan babu gandun daji a can.
Takaitaccen tarihin Indri yana zaune a cikin rami biyu, amma har ma can ba a ba su ingantacciyar kariya ba.
Madagascar reshe sune ƙananan oases waɗanda suke a cikin sarari fili inda babu bishiyoyi kwata-kwata. A irin wa annan wuraren dake kebe, dabbobi ba za su iya rayuwa kamar yadda suke ba. Bugu da kari, har ma wadannan kananan wuraren dajin da aka adana suna cikin haɗari, kamar yadda mutane ke kewaye su.
Babban barazanar da zasu yiwa indir a yau shine lalata wuraren rayuwarsu.
Sha'awar mutane don ƙirƙirar sabbin shafuka a sarari yake, saboda a cikin farkon shekarun ƙasar nan mai albarka ce kuma an rage farashin aiki. Ta dalilin wadannan dalilai ne yasa dazuzzukan Madagascar ke bacewa a wani mummunan yanayi. A wasu yankuna, an kusan lalata su, wannan kuma ya lalata fauna da flora.
Mutane ba su fahimci muhimmancin waɗannan wuraren da aka kiyaye ba, waɗannan barazanar yanayi suna fuskantar barazanar rusawa. Don daidaita yanayin kadan, ya zama dole a haɓaka kamfani don kare gandun daji, kuma yakamata gwamnati ta ɗauki matakan gaggawa don adana wuraren da ake da su.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Lemur - bayanin, asalin sunan
Akwai fasali mai ban sha'awa game da bayyanar sunan wannan dabba mai kyau.
Da zarar tsoffin kwanson jirgin ruwan Rome da suka ziyarci tsibirin Madagascar sun ji kukansu cikin kurmi a cikin dare, saboda tunawa da kukan yara. Da suka je taimakon, kamar yadda suka yi imani, ga yara, waɗanda dabbobin da ke da tabbas da alama sun so su ci, sai suka ga manyan idanun suna konewa cikin duhu. Abin tsoro, wanda aka firgita saboda tsoro, ya sa Romawa suka ruga zuwa cikin tudu, saboda, a ra'ayinsu, "lemurs" suna zaune a cikin ɓoye. An fassara shi daga tsohuwar harshen Roman, wannan kalmar tana nufin "mugayen ruhohi", "fatalwowi."
Masu jirgin ruwan ba su ma tunanin cewa wannan halitta mai kyau, kamar birai ko ma mutane, ba za su iya tsoratar da su ba, ba mai ban tsoro ba kuma ba mai haɗari ba. Don haka, yin magana game da mugayen ruhohi suna cin yara a tsibirin Madagascar, matafiya sun ambaci lemurs. Kuma sunan ya daidaita.
A ina ne wuraren zama ke zaune?
Lemur dabbobi ne masu yawan gaske, tunda yankin su yana da iyaka - wannan tsibirin Madagascar ne da Comoros, dake tsakanin Afirka da Madagascar. Idan kafin dabbobi sun mamaye kusan duk tsibirin Madagascar, yanzu a cikin yanayin muhalli ana iya samun su kawai a yamma (daga Fort Dauphin zuwa Monradov) da kuma tsaunin Andringitra.
Dangane da labari, lemurs sun yi tafiya daga Afirka a kan kekunan da suka gina. Wannan, hakika, ba zai yiwu ba, amma akwai wasu gaskiyar a wannan labarin. Masana kimiyyar zamani suna jayayya cewa dabbobin za su iya tsallakewa zuwa tsibirin da ke rabe da nahiyar a kan manyan rassa da kuma ayyukan adanawa a lokacin da ake ta raguwar matakin teku, kuma mai yiwuwa ne su haye zurfin zurfin da aka kafa a wancan lokacin. Tunda kusan babu abokan gaba a tsibirin, yawan jama'a yayi girma da sauri. Yanayi na gida kuma ya taimaka wa lemurs: gandun daji sun cika da abinci iri-iri masu dacewa.
Dangane da wani fasalin, shi ne ainihin yawan mutanen da suka rage a wani ɓangaren sun rabu da yankin ƙasa kuma a yanzu sun kasance Madagascar, tunda akwai ƙarancin maƙiya da abinci da yawa.
Yanzu wuraren da lemurs ke zaune sune gandun daji daban-daban: busassun ciyayi, gandun daji rigar, tsaunin tudu. Mafi yawa sun wanzu sosai, sun fi son rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Wasu nau'ikan sun shiga cikin dangi.
Wasu lokuta musamman wakilai masu ƙarfin hali suna yawo a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni ko kuma ziyarci filayen ƙasa don neman abinci.
Bayanin Lemurs
Saboda mutane da yawa, lemurs dabbobi ne masu kyau da ke da manyan idanu, masu laushi, gashi mai laushi, lazily suna rarrafe daga reshe zuwa reshe da kuma tabo. A cikin wannan hoton da ya inganta a hankali, akwai da yawa na gaskiya da rashin adalci. Tabbas, yawancin dabbobi suna da manyan idanu, amma ba dukkan jinsuna suna da manyan idanu ba. Ba kowa bane ke da sutura mai taushi. Kuma koyaushe waɗannan dabbobin ba su da laushi da jinkirin, wasu suna gudu da sauri a ƙasa, suna iya motsawa tare da matakan duwatsu, tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe, suna shawo kan manyan nesa.
Yawancin nau'in halitta sun haɗa bambance-bambance a bayyanar dabba.Zamu fada game da wakilan wakilan lemurs a ci gaba da labarin, amma a yanzu za mu fadakar da manyan sifofin wadannan dabbobin.
Girman dabba ya dogara da nau'ikansa: mafi girma sune indri - suna girma zuwa mita kuma suna iya nauyin kimanin kilo 10, kuma mafi ƙanƙan su sune lemurs na dwarf, waɗanda basu girma fiye da 23 cm, wanda 10 cm shine tsawon wutsiya, tare da nauyin kusan 50 gr Nazarin ya nuna cewa da zarar dabbobin da ke cikin wannan jinsin kuma sun ƙare yanzu zasu iya yin awo kusan 200 kuma suna da girman girma (daga ɗan maraƙin shekaru biyu).
Mucks mafi yawan lemurs yana da elongated, tunatar da wani fox. Idanunmu kan kasance manyan lokuta a gabanta, wanda hakan ya ba da alama. cewa dabba ne da ɗan mamaki. Hakanan launi na ido ya dogara da nau'in: mafi sau da yawa orange-ja, launin ruwan kasa-rawaya. Black lemur yana da idanu waɗanda suka bambanta da duniyar dabbobi - shudi.
Yatsun dabbobi yana da yatsu biyar, da haɓakarsu da kyau, tunda ayyukan hannu suna da matukar muhimmanci ga hawa bishiyoyi. A cikin dukkanin dabbobin, babban yatsan goshin ya saba da sauran, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a manne da rassan. Babbar yatsan flaw a yatsan ta biyu na ƙananan ƙarshen (yawancin akan ɗayan yatsunsu suna girma kusoshi), wanda suke "magance" farin gashi. Amma tsawon wata gabar jiki tayi daidai da matsayin “gaban - raya” na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in: ga wasu, gabobin gabanin sun fi na baya baya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin arboreal da buƙatar manne wa rassan da rataye. Wannan nau'in da suke rayuwa a duniya suna da madaidaicin reshe guda, ko kuma mafi girma gajerun kafa.
Yawancin lemurs masu mallakar wutsiyoyi na chic, wanda, bi da bi, yana yin ayyuka da yawa: yana taimakawa wajen daidaitawa yayin tsalle ko gudana, ya manne ga rassan kuma yana riƙe da dabbar, kayan aiki ne na alama ga sauran mutane, musamman rayuwa cikin fakitoci. Lemur tare da babban wutsiya yana mai da hankali sosai a gare shi: koyaushe yana kula da tsabta. Wasu lokuta tsawon wutsiya ya wuce girman jikin dabbar. Kuma kawai lemurs Indri suna da ɗan gajeren wutsiyoyi, suna girma 5 cm kawai.
Kallon waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya, za'a iya lura cewa suna yin nazari sosai da abubuwan da ba a san su ba, amma ba su cikin saurin taɓa su. A cikin yanayin halitta, matasa, mutane marasa ƙwarewa sun daɗe suna nazarin sabbin dabbobi ko tsirrai. Lemur na gida ba zai taɓa taɓa abu ba tare da bincika shi dalla-dalla kuma ba tare da godiya ga tsaro ba.
Rayuwar lemo a cikin yanayin rayuwa
Idan da farko an yi imani da cewa lemurs dabbobin daji ne na musamman, to binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da rayuwar wadannan dabbobin ya tabbatar da cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan sun kuma sha bamban da halayya, ayyukan yau da kullun, rayuwa ko ta iyali (fakitin) hanyar rayuwa.
Tsarin Madagascar yana jagorancin rayuwa ta yau da kullun: a cikin kullun wannan rana mafi yawan dabbobi yana ɓoye a cikin dabbobin bishiyoyi, amma da dare yana farkawa don ci da tattaunawa tare da dangi, kawai sai kowa ya ji kururuwa mai ban tsoro. Yayin da duhu ya fara tashi, yawancin masu shayarwa sun farka, suna ɓoye a cikin mafakai a cikin bishiyoyi da rana. Lem-sitiri masu amfani da darussan rayuwa suna haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, sun fi son zama a cikin ɓoye.
Amma cat lemur yana aiki sosai a cikin rana fiye da dare. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa suna rayuwa a duniya. Jarumai masu shugabanci ja da kan su ke rayuwa a kan bishiyoyi su ma suna nuna rayuwar yau da kullun. Daidai ga ɗaukacin gurbataccen tsarin indirias da ake gani shine mafi "rana": waɗannan dabbobin suna fallasa ƙananan jikinsu ga rana, shimfiɗa a kan rassan bishiyoyi, kuma suna barci lokacin da duhu. Yana aiki yayin rana da sifilin sifaki (vero), suna zaune akan bishiyoyi a cikin wurare masu laima na tsibirin.
Ayyukan macaco lemurs (baƙar fata) ya dogara da lokacin da kan yanayi na wata: a cikin sabon wata da a lokutan bushewa suna jagorantar rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, kuma a lokacin damina waɗannan dabbobin suna yin aiki tun daga fitowar rana zuwa yamma.
Ana amfani da ruwan lemurs ta yanayi na rashin lokacin yanayi: na wani lokaci sukan ɓoye a cikin mafaka kuma suna kwana a wurin hutawa.
Hakanan dangantakar zamantakewar wadannan dabbobin tayi yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, lemurs suna zaune a cikin garken da mata ke jagoranta. Youngarancin haɓakar ƙuruciya ba safai ya bar iyalinsa ba, ya ci gaba da rayuwa a ciki, yana riƙe matsayin sa, ƙaddara matsayinsa. Irin waɗannan “dangi” sun ƙunshi lemurs mai launin zoben (felines), wanda ke rayuwa cikin fakitoci tare da dangantakar iyali mai zurfi da rarraba nauyi. Red brews kuma suna rayuwa cikin fakitoci kusan 20.
Dabbobin lemurs masu tsabta sune dabbobi masu dabbobin da ke yin ɗan gajeren lokaci don samun zuriya. Kadai shine yawancin jinsunan ƙananan lemurs waɗanda suka fi so su zauna a cikin kananan rami a kan bishiyoyi ko dabbobin ruwa.
Indri galibi suna zaune cikin dangi: mace, namiji da kuma zuriyar su daban-daban. Idan dabbobin da suka manyanta suka kirkiro dangin nasu, sai su rabu da iyayensu su bar yankinsu. Ana ba da rahoton haƙƙin haƙƙinsu ga yankin Indri ba kawai ta alamun gargajiya ba, har ma da waƙoƙin safe. Gurasar zinare na zamani sun kirkiro iyalai iri ɗaya. Haɗin yana da sauƙi: iyaye da zuriya, waɗanda, suna girma, barin dangi kuma ƙirƙirar nasu.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa makamai na Madagascar, sun fi son su zama marasa aure (suna gina gida a farce na bishiyoyi na wa kansu kaɗai), sun gwammace farauta ko wasa cikin nau'i-nau'i.
Dukkan lemurs dabbobi ne masu ƙasa waɗanda ke alama da mazauninsu tare da fitsari ko enzymes na musamman kuma suna kare rukunin yanar gizon su daga baƙi waɗanda ba a ziyarta ba. Dabbobin bishiyoyi suna alamarin gidajensu ta hanyar amafani da haushi na bishiyoyi ko cizon ƙaho.
Me lemurs suke ci da ci a cikin yanayi?
A cikin yanayin halitta, lemurs suna ciyar da abinci na shuka, ko da yake ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi cewa duk dabbobin wannan nau'in suna cin abinci iri ɗaya.
Tun da yawancin waɗannan dabbobi suna rayuwa akan bishiyoyi, abincinsu ya ƙunshi abin da za su iya samu a kusa da su. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa ne cikakke (ɓaure, ayaba), ganyayyaki, harbe-harben matasa, ƙwayar shuka, furanni. Manyan mutane zasu iya jin daɗin hawan bishiyoyi.
Abincin tsire-tsire ba koyaushe isa bane don sake ƙarfin ƙarfi, saboda haka lemurs suna rama wannan don dogon hutawa ko motsi mai sauƙi.
Individualsanan mutane, alal misali, dwarf lemurs, suna farin cikin cin ƙoshin fure na fure, filawar su, da kuma tsiron shuka. Hakanan, wannan dabba tana cin larvae har ma da ƙananan kwari.
Wasu nau'in suna da fifiko musamman a cikin abincin shuka. Hannun Madagascar suna da matukar son kwakwa da madarar mangoro, cat lemur yana matukar son 'ya'yan itaciyar Indiya (tamarind), kuma lemurs na zinare da bamboo ba su da wata damuwa ga harbe-harben bamboo.
Amma ba duk lemurs ne herbivorous. Ya kamata ku sani cewa wani lokacin cin lemur da kwari: gwoza daban-daban, mangwaro (musamman waɗanda ke tashi da daddare), gizogizo, mantises, kyanwa. Grey linzamin kwamfuta mara tsami ba zai ƙi ƙananan shinge ba: chameleons da frogs. Abubuwan da dabbobi suka lura da shi ya nuna cewa suma suna cin kananan tsuntsaye da ƙwayayensu.
Indri lemurs wani lokacin ci ƙasa. Wannan fasalin abinci mai gina jiki ya haifar da buƙatar cire wasu abubuwa masu guba da ke ƙunshe cikin tsire-tsire.
Dabbobin suna yawan cin abinci da haƙoransu ko shan goshinsu su kawo a bakinsu. Kallon dabbobi a lokacin cin abinci yana da ban sha'awa, tunda yawancinsu suna kama da mutane.
Lemun tsami a gida ko a gidan zu na iya haɓaka abincin da ba halayen sa ba kuma cikin sauri ake amfani dashi don canza abincin na ɗabi'a, amma duk da haka mutum dole ne yayi la'akari da fifiko na dabba a cikin yanayin.
Lemur kiwo
Lokaci na balaga a cikin kowane nau'in ya tsara ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Smalleraramin dabba a cikin girma da nauyi, a baya ya sami damar haifar da zuriya. Don haka, babban indri ya fara yin jima'i kawai yana da shekaru biyar, kuma dwarf linzamin kwamfuta lemur na iya haifan zuriya a cikin shekara. Duk da cewa wasu nau'ikan sun sami damar rayuwa sama da shekaru 30, amma lokacin haihuwar su yayi gajere.
Yawancin lokaci dabbar ta hanyar canjin dabbobi ke haɗuwa da wani yanayi. Wannan saboda abinci mai gina jiki ne - zaɓi na abinci yana shafar lokacin tsinkaye.
A lokacin lokacin kiwo, dabbobi suna kiran juna da babbar murya, suna goge wa waɗanda ka zaɓa, suna gwada su da ƙanshinsu.
Dangantaka tsakanin mace da namiji sun bambanta. Yawancin nau'ikan basu cika nau'i-nau'i ba. Maleaya daga cikin maza yana iya zama mahaifin ofan mata da yawa kuma a zahiri bai shiga cikin rayuwar samari ba. Amma a cikin nau'in rashin aure na iyali guda biyu suna haɗuwa: dabbar za ta sami sabon abokin tarayya kawai idan ta mutu.
Duk da cewa ciki a cikin lemurs, ya danganta da nau'in, yana kasancewa daga watanni biyu zuwa bakwai da rabi, suna haihuwar zuriya sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Kuma wasu nau'in, alal misali, hannun Madagascar, har ma da ƙasa da haka, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3.
Mafi yawan lokuta, ana haihuwar guda ɗaya, ba sau biyu. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa an haife su baki daya marasa taimako. Wasu basu wuce gram 5 ba. Koda jariran manyan mutane ana haihuwar su tare da nauyin 80-120 gr. Man ƙaramin lemur ya buɗe idanunsa a rana ta biyu ko ta biyar, har zuwa wannan lokacin a zahiri bai ji ba. Rarewararrun nau'ikan ne kawai ke haihuwar yara masu gani. Amma jariran sun sami ingantaccen sassaucin fahimta: kawai bayan an haife su, sun riga sun manne wa mahaifiyar a ciki, inda suke samun madara da zafi wa kansu. Kuma bayan 'yan makonni kawai za su iya komawa zuwa bayan matar, inda za su zauna har kusan watanni shida. Ba kowace uwa ba zata iya haihuwar jarirai biyu, don haka da wuya su haihu kaɗan.
Bayan wata biyu ko uku, wasu lokuta 'yan' yan marayu sukan fara barin bayan mace don su bunkasa yankin su da kansu. Iyaye masu kulawa suna dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar, kamar yadda jarirai masu sakaci zasu iya fada daga bishiyu su mutu.
Amma bayyanar da farkon watanni na rayuwar matasa a cikin wasu nau'in suna da halaye na kansu. Don haka, launin lemo mai launin toka yana nuna zuriya a cikin manyan ramuka na musamman, inda kayan crumbs sukeyi har sati biyu sannan kawai zasu fita.
A wata hanya ta musamman zuriyar lemurs daga. Da fari dai, sun gina gida don yara marasa ciki. Abu na biyu, waɗannan sune kawai lemurs waɗanda zasu iya haifar jarirai 5-6 lokaci guda. Kuma a ƙarshe, don makonni da yawa, lemurs ya kasance a cikin gida a ƙarƙashin kulawar namiji, kuma kada ku manne wa mace.
Very picky a zabar abokin tarayya Lore Lemurs. Kwanan nan, waɗannan dabbobin ana yin saurin su kamar dabbobi. Idan a cikin yanayi na dabi'a akwai damar ƙirƙirar ma'aurata tare da hakan. ga wanda dabbar za ta tausayawa, to lemur lory a gida, koda kuwa akwai wani dabam na mata da ke kusa, bazai sami zuriya ba, tunda kawai ba zai so abokin ba.
Iri Lemurs
Tunda lemurs kusan babu abokan gaba a Madagascar, kuma dodannin da suka kore su daga sauran wuraren rayuwa ba'a same su anan ba, dabbobi zasu iya zuwa. Nazarin wadannan dabbobin ya fara ne kwanan nan: binciken da aka yi ya nuna cewa akwai nau'ikan dabbobi sama da 100 na wadannan dabbobin, wadanda sun kasu gida hudu:
Kowane ɗayan iyalai na yanzu suna da rassa.
Abubuwan da aka samo daga archaeological sun nuna cewa dabbobi sun bayyana a Madagascar shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata, kuma a halin yanzu akwai iyalai 3 da tuni sun riga sun lalace:
- megadalapids, paleopropithecus, archeolemurs.
Game da dangi waɗanda za mu ƙare za mu bayyana daga baya. Kuma yanzu na so in gabatar da manyan wakilai.
Giza mai ruwan zobe
Wadannan dabbobin wani nau'in katin ziyarar Madagascar ne, kodayake suna zaune ne a kudancin tsibirin. Sunan hukuma shine lemur da aka yi da zobe, ko katta, mallakar gidan lemur ne.
Suna zaune a cikin iyalai waɗanda ke da alaƙar dangantaka mai ƙarfi: shugaban fakitin mace ce mai alpha, wacce ke lura da oda sosai, tana jagorantar dangi don ciyarwa. Mazan wannan nau'in ba sa zama a cikin garken na dogon lokaci, yawanci sukan zo ne kawai a lokacin lokacin kiwo, sannan su fita su nemi wasu garken. Wannan halin yana ba da cikakkiyar lafiyayyar zuriya ba tare da lalata ba.
Cat lemur yana da launi na asali sosai: idanun kamar suna kewaye da facin duhu na gashi, wanda yasa dabba tayi kama da hankali. Gindi mai launin toka-mai-haske da ciki mai haske suna kama da sutturar mutum, saboda haka sun yi imanin cewa wannan halitta tana kama da mutum, musamman idan katta yana tsaye a ƙafafunsa na baya.
Muhimmiyar yanayin wakilan wannan nau'in ita ce dogayen wutsiyarsu mai launin fari, mai launin launi daban-daban ta fuskoki daban-daban masu launin baki da fari, wanda galibi galibi 25 ne, yana karewa ne baki. Tsawon wutsiya zai iya wuce girman jikin yankan, har zuwa 65 cm tare da jikin har zuwa 45, yayin da nauyin wannan kayan adon zai iya kaiwa zuwa 1.5 kilogiram tare da nauyin dabbar har zuwa 3, 5. Lokacin motsawa a ƙasa, duk membobin garken suna ɗaga wutsiyarsu tsayi, don haka alpha mace na iya ganin inda kowa yake.
Lemur mai launin zoben daidai yake sauƙaƙe yana tafiya a ƙasa kuma yana tsalle akan bishiyoyi, wanda ke haifar da wahalar ɗanɗano.
Wani fasali na waɗannan dabbobin zamani ne mai tsawon haihuwa - suna iya kawo offspringa almostan kusan har ƙarshen rayuwarsu, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kula da yawan jama'a.
Grey linzamin kwamfuta
Gidan dwarf lemurs ya hada da janare 5 tare da nau'ikan 30, daga cikinsu akwai nau'in lemu mai launin toka mafi shahara, tunda a yanzu ana sayan sa a matsayin dabbobi.
Wannan lemur cute mai dauke da manyan idanu masu kyau ana ɗaukar su da ƙima, nauyin sa bai wuce gram 65 ba. Yana zaune ne kawai a arewaci da yamma tsibirin.
Ta hanyar rayuwarta a cikin mahallin halitta, linzamin kwamfuta mai launin toka dabba ce da ba a taɓa gani ba. Da rana, yakan yi bacci a cikin kogon itacen, wani lokacin kuma ya kasance tare da dangi masu jima'i, wani lokacin shi kaɗai, kuma da dare yakan yi kamun kifi. Dabba da kyar ta gangara zuwa ƙasa, amma tana tafiya cikin kyau ta hanyar bishiyoyi. Duk da girmanta kadan, tana iya tsalle nesa nesa ba kusa ba.
Abincin wannan marmashi shine ƙoshin fure na furanni, da furanni kansu, resin tsire-tsire, larvae kwari har ma da ƙananan kwari. Ga girmanta, dabbar tana da kyau sosai.
A shekara ta dwarf linzamin kwamfuta lemur zama jima'i girma. Watanni biyu bayan balaguron mace, mace ta haihu biyu, wani lokacin ma harda wasu 'ya' yayiya uku, wadanda suke yin sati biyu a cikin rami sannan kawai sai su fara zuwa waje a hankali. An haife yara ƙanana, nauyi ba ya wuce gram 5, amma a cikin sutura. A cikin yanayin halitta, waɗannan dabbobin suna yin kimanin shekaru 6, kodayake lemur na gida zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
A dabi'ance, waɗannan dabbobin suna da abokan gaba da yawa (macizai, tsuntsaye, burbushin), don haka adadin mace-macen ya yi yawa sosai.
A gida, lemur mai launin toka mai sauƙi yana da tushe, amma dole ne masu mallakar nan gaba su yi la’akari da yanayin rayuwar dabbobi. Yayin rana, zai yi bacci a mafakarsa, kuma da dare zai yi aiki.
Madagaskar
Hannun Madagascar shine kawai wakilin dangin hannu, sabili da haka, na dogon lokaci an sami jayayya game da sifofin sa ga lemurs ko rodents. Amma duk da haka, masu binciken sun yanke shawarar cewa a cikin tsarin sa wannan dabbar tana da lemur.
Dabbar tana da nauyin kilogram 3, girman maɗigon fulawa ya kai 60 cm, wanda ya fi girma girma fiye da jiki - har zuwa santimita 43. Dabbar tana da babban kai mai girma, kusan kunnun kunne, hanci mai kauri da idanu masu jan hankali. An rufe jikin ta da baki ko kuma da ɗanɗano launin ruwan kasa, mai taushi.
Wani fasali na rarrabe hannun Madagascar shine yatsotsin yatsu a kafafunsa, tare da taimakon abin da ya jingina ga bishiyoyi kuma ya sami abincin da kansa. Dabino na tsakiya tare da kambori mai mutuƙar fata yana da amfani musamman, wanda dabbar, kamar itace, ke jan itace, ta sami larvae. Tare da taimakon kayan aiki iri ɗaya, ƙaramin hannu ya soke kwakwa da kuma cire ruwan da aka fi so - madarar kwakwa. Amma lokacin tafiya a ƙasa, yatsunsu suna tsoma baki, don haka ya dogara da dunƙule ya sauka zuwa ƙasa da wuya. Hakoran karamin hannu, sun saba da matsewar haushi, suka girma duk rayuwarsa.
Dabba ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ta musamman. Da rana yana barci a mafaka. Yana da kyau a sani cewa hannun yana gina gidaje da yawa kuma yana ɓoyewa a cikin su, wataƙila don magabatan ba su lura da matsayinta ba.
Lemur, mai suna "ah-ah" da mazauna garin ke da shi, ya sa sunan ta na tsakiyar saboda sautin da ba a cika gani ba, wanda saboda wasu dalilai suna jin tsoron ji.
Smallarancin Madagascar suna da ƙwaƙwalwa a hankali: mace tana haihuwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, galibi ana haihuwar ɗa guda ɗaya, saboda haka kasancewar wannan dabba tana barazanar shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana ɗaukar makamai zuwa gidan kamar dabbobi. Yakamata makiyaya suyi la’akari da halayen waɗannan dabbobin kuma su kasance cikin shiri don gaskiyar cewa da dare zasu farka daga kukansu na firgita.
Iyalin Loriev
Har yanzu ana mahawara game da alaƙar Lorievs ga lemurs. A bangare guda, dabbar, mai kama da ita ga bayyanar Madagascar lemur, tana da irin wannan salon rayuwa da fasalin kiwo, kamar sauran wakilai. A gefe guda, mazaunin ba Madagascar bane ko kaɗan, amma gandun daji na Kambodiya, Vietnam, Laos, Yanayin Malesiya, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Afirka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Asia. Lori kusan babu wutsiya, wacce ke bambanta shi da ragowar lemurs.
Duk da haka, mafi yawancin sunyi la'akari da Lori lemurs. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, galibi ana gundurarsu kamar dabbobi, ana fara'a da fara'a. Gyaran lemur yana daidaita da gida a hanzari, amma masu shayarwa dole ne suyi la’akari da yanayin kasancewar dabba a cikin yanayin halittar.
Lori ya kasance bisa ga umarnin dattijo, ƙarƙashin yanki na rigar-nosed. Akwai iyalai biyar na waɗannan dabbobin, daga cikin waɗanda mashahuran su ne farin ciki da na bakin ciki. Tsawon jikinsu bai wuce 40 cm ba, kuma nauyi - 2 kilogiram. Suna da launi launin shuɗi mai haske tare da rami mai duhu tare da bayansa kuma kusan baki a datsa idanu.
Waɗannan dabbobi masu jinkirin ne, suna yin rayuwa ta musamman ba dare ba rana. Suna da manyan idanun da suke gani cikin duhu. Da rana, dabbobi suna ɓoye manyan kambi a cikin wuraren ɓoye. Sosai ya dace da rayuwa akan bishiyoyi: suna yawo da hankali suna motsawa daga reshe zuwa reshe, suna manne wa hanunsu. Amma Lori, kamar yawancin 'yan uwansu, ba su san tsalle-tsalle ba.
Mafi yawan lokuta suna rayuwa guda ɗaya a lokaci guda, amma sadarwa tare da dangi yana da mahimmanci a gare su, don haka lemur lory a gida, kasancewa ɗaya kaɗai, na iya yin baƙin ciki sosai. Sun zabi abokin aure na dogon lokaci. Sunyi jima'i ne kawai bayan shekara ɗaya da rabi, sannan suka sami abokin tarayya. Cutar ciki tana isa tsawon dabbar dabbar wannan girman - kimanin watanni 7, bayan wannan, a mafi yawan lokuta ana haihuwar jarirai biyu. An haife su ta gani, launi da suttura ya bambanta da wuta, kusan azurfa, inuwa fiye da manya, amma har ya kai watanni 2 tuni suka fara samun launi iri-iri. Har zuwa shekara guda, kuma wani lokacin ya fi tsayi, jariran suna kusa da uwa. Idan suna son bayar da rahoton wani abu, to, suna buga tweet na natsuwa, suna tuna tsuntsu. Namiji baya daukar nauyin haihuwa.
A dabi'a, waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 17, kuma a gida zasu iya tsawan rayuwa.
Dangin lemur mai hadarin gaske
Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan lemurs suna zaune a tsibirin Madagascar, suna banbanta da juna girman, launi, salon rayuwa, da abinci mai gina jiki. Amma ba kowa bane yake jin daɗi. Wasu nau'ikan suna kan gab da halaka saboda satar dabbobi da kuma lalata datti. Ka yi tunanin dabbobi waɗanda ransu ke cikin haɗari.
- Indri farin-fuska (diadem sifaka). Gidajen mazaunin ɗan ƙaramin abu ne a cikin gandun daji na gabashin tsibirin, wanda ke da illa ga jama'a.
- Mongoose lemur. Ofaya daga cikin speciesan nau'ikan da ke rayuwa a wajen tsibirin, amma raguwar wuraren zama yana barazanar kasancewar ta.
- Brown linzamin kwamfuta lemur. Jagoranci irin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, mafi karancin wakilcin nau'in da ke kama da linzamin kwamfuta, wanda aka samo sunan ta.
- Ai-ai (Madagascar hannu). Babban wakilin. Aiki da dare kuma har zuwa fitowar rana. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, ya sha wahala sosai daga masu bautar.
- Brown ruwan lemo Yana zaune na musamman a Madagascar. Sosai ga sauran dabbobi.
- Hapalemurs. Wani fasalin wannan nau'in shine ikon yin iyo. Ba kamar sauran brothersan uwansu ba, waɗanda suka gwammace su ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin rassan bishiyoyi ko a ƙasa, dabbobin wannan tallafin suna jin daɗin zama a cikin ruwa.
- Sifaka mai kaifin ido. Suna zaune a cikin garken da ke akwai ma'anar dangantaka mai kyau sosai, galibi sun zama masu fama da kaso, saboda haka yawan su yana raguwa sosai.
- Lemur mai fuskantar fuskoki. Samu sunanta saboda raunanan duhu biyu na gaban kai na. Ya fi son arthropods, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Yana da kwarewa ta musamman don tsalle sama da nisa.
- Sifaka Silky. Musamman tana fama da masu fashin da ke farautarta saboda keɓaɓɓe ta musamman. Bayyanar kwalliya ta sa ya zama abin tsada a kasuwancin fata dabba.
- Blue-eyed black lemur. An ambaci sunan ta saboda launi na musamman don dabbobi. Maza ne kawai baƙaƙen fata, mace tana da launin shuɗi kawai. Dabbobi suna wahala saboda gandun daji na raguwa. Suna da ƙarfi ga sauran wakilai, suna iya kashe abokan hamayya.
Iyakar iyayan lemur
Duk da yawancin nau'ikan halittu, lemurs sun riga sun yi asararsu: iyalai uku a yau ana ɗaukarsu sun kare. Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun gano abin ban mamaki: an samo kogon ambaliyar ruwa a cikin shakatawa na kasa, a cikin abin da aka gano duk wani hurumi na manyan dabbobi. Yadda aka kawo su a wannan wuri ya kasance har yanzu ana iya ganin hakan, amma kasancewar lemurs a Madagascar daga Pleistocene har zuwa yau ba zai yiwu ba.
- Dangin megaladapes. Zamu iya magana game da bayyanar waɗannan dabbobin kawai ta hanyar binciken archaeological, tunda sun lalace tun da daɗewa, kimanin shekaru dubu 10 da suka wuce. Kodayake akwai alamomi game da wanzuwar megaladapes tun daga shekarar 1504, wato, lokacin bayyanar Turawa a Madagascar, babu wani tabbataccen shaidar hakan.
A cikin tsarinsa, halittar, mai kama da koalas ta zamani, tayi wani irin dattin, yanada karfin gaske da kafafuwa a gaba. Haɗin ƙafa da yatsun kafaffun haɓaka suna nuna cewa megaladapes bai dace da rayuwar ƙasa ba, amma ya wanzu sosai akan bishiyoyi. Don waɗannan sifofi, sun sami suna na biyu - koala lemurs.
Tsarin idanu ya zama sabon abu: a tarnaƙi, kuma ba a gaban ba, kamar yawancin dangi na yau. Jaarfin jaws mai ƙarfi da tsarin haƙori suna nuna cewa waɗannan lemurs sun ci abincin tsirrai kawai. Waɗannan manyan dabbobi manya-manya, har zuwa kilogiram 75 cikin nauyi.
- Iyalin Paleopropitec. Nazarin rayuwar rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin ya tabbatar da cewa wakilan dangi sun wakilci tsibirin ta hanyar janareto huɗu (mesopropithecus, paleopropithecus, archaeoindri, babakotiya). An yi imani da cewa dabbobi sun daina wanzuwa a cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe na BC. Amma akwai almara cewa an ga wakilan wannan dangi daga baya, har ma a ƙarni na 16 na zamaninmu.
Dukkanin bayanan kwarangwal an samo su ne a wurare masu lalatarwar tsibirin, galibi a cikin kogon dutse, wanda ke nuna cewa paleopropithecus ya jagoranci rayuwar ƙasa, yana fifita wuraren da ke da laushi.
Sake gina kasusuwan dabbobi ya nuna cewa nauyin archaeoindri zai iya kaiwa kilogram 200. Irin wannan babbar halitta halitta ƙasa ce. Amma wakilan sauran ukun sauran sunada kadan, kilogiram 10-25, kuma zai iya wanzuwa akan bishiyoyi.
- Gidan dan kisi Karatuttukan kayan tarihi sun nuna cewa membobin wannan dangin sun rayu a Madagascar har zuwa kusan karni na 12. Abinda ake zargi da haddasa mutuwa shine ci gaban tsibirin da farautarsu.
Sake gina kasusuwan ya nuna cewa su manya manyan dabbobi ne: yawan su ya kai kilo 25. Suna da gajerun gabar jiki, jikin mutum, iyawar ikon kere kere yake idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran dabbobi masu alaqa da juna, wanda hakan ya bamu damar yanke hukuncin cewa yawancin archaelemurs sun rayu ne duniya. Tsarin muƙamuƙi yana nuna cewa dole ne su ɗanɗani abinci mai daɗi, wanda shine mafi yawancin tsaba, fure, ganye, 'ya'yan itace, arthropods kuma, mai yiwuwa, ƙananan dabbobi.
Kasusuwa da aka samo sun tabbatar da sigar cewa kusan dukkanin tsibirin shine yankin kasancewar archaeolemurs.
Idan lemur yana a wurin ka
Kwanan nan, lemurs sukan dauki gidan kamar dabbobi. Arean ƙaramin dabba mai kyau yana jan hankalin mutane tare da idanu masu bayyana da gashi mai taushi. Yawancin lokaci shi ne lemur lemur ko lemur lory. A gida, waɗannan dabbobin suna amintaccen tushe, amma dole ne a haɗu da shi cewa yanayin tsarewar yakamata ya kasance kusa da na halitta.
Yawancin lemurchiks suna rayuwa irin ta yau da kullun - yana da yanayi sosai, yanayi ne bayan faɗuwar rana cewa sun bar matsugunansu don ci, wasa da shirya kansu, don haka ku kasance a shirye don gaskiyar cewa lemur lory zai ɓoye a cikin gidansa kullun gida, kuma wataƙila ba za ku iya yin wasa tare da ɗan kwalliyar dabbobi ba, amma da dare jariri zai yi amo.
Kiyaye dabbobi ana buqatar cikin manya manyan wurare (a tsaye), wuraren rufe su, wanda dole ne a sanye shi da:
- wanda aka haɗa a saman sashi shine gidan mafaka wanda dabbar zata iya ɓoyewa a lokacin rana, kowane nau'in rassa, na'urorin hawan hawa: in ba haka ba dabbar ba zata iya motsawa ba isa (lemur akan zaɓi ya rataye a kan rassan, dwarf lemurs tsalle), tare da kwanon sha mai tsabta tare da ruwa mai tsabta, musamman filler ga rodents.
Idan kuna da dabbobi mafi girma, to lallai aviary ya zama girman da ya dace.
Don tabbatarwa, zaku iya zaɓar aviary tare da twigs ko glazed terrarium. Zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga keji buɗe don dabba ta sami damar shiga cikin iska mai kyau. Amma ka tuna cewa lemur lory a gida yana fama da wahalar zane, na iya yin rashin lafiya, don haka ana bada shawara don sanya aviary a kusurwar iska, daga tsarin raba.
Yawancin masu mallakar dabbobi na furry suna damuwa da yadda ake tsara abinci mai kyau. Da farko dai, yakamata a gano menene wannan dabbar ta ci a cikin yanayin halittar. Yawan nau'ikan suna ba da bambance-bambance a abinci mai gina jiki, kazalika da rabo daga tsirrai da abincin dabbobi. A cikin yanayi, dabbobi suna cin 'ya'yan itace, furanni, ƙaunar nectar, pollen da resins shuka, suna farin cikin hadiye larvae, ƙananan kwari, da cin ƙwai na tsuntsaye. Dole dabbobin gida su sami wadataccen abinci na abinci don zama lafiya da aiki. Yawancin lemurs ya kamata ku ci waɗannan abincin:
- fruitsa fruitsan itace iri-iri, musamman waɗanda suka ci a yanayi, kayan marmari (ɗanɗano kaɗan da dafa shi), hatsi na hatsi, kayan kiwo, ruwan da aka matse sosai, zaku iya ƙara zuma, ƙanyen dafaffen ƙwai ko ƙwai na tsuntsaye mai ƙwari (daskararre), kwari da larvae ( zaku iya ajiye su a cikin firiji, kuma kuyi sanyi kafin amfani, amma yafi kyau ku basu su da rai).
Laifin lemur mai laushi shima yana buƙatar kulawa. A dabi'a, dabbobi suna hada shi da babban ɗan yatsan yatsa. Ya kamata a sani cewa waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu aminci suna sadaukar da lokaci mai yawa ga bayyanarsu. Lemur Lori a gida kuma zai tsinke gashin kansa a safiyar yau da kullun ko na dare, tare da wadatar da shi, amma musamman dabbobin da suke ƙaunarsa lokacin da suke haɗe, suna farin cikin maye ciki da baya, suna nuna farin ciki mai kyau. Masu za su iya yin ƙaramin goge don dabbobinsu tare da ƙananan bristles mai laushi kuma lokaci-lokaci suna ɗaukar abubuwan crumbs da ke tare da kyawawan hanyoyin. Amma dwarf lemurs kada a combed: sun yi ƙanƙanuwa sosai cewa kowane, har ma da ƙaramin tsefe, na iya lalata fatarsu.
A cikin yanayin halitta, nau'in lemur guda ɗaya ne kawai ke son yin iyo har ma ya san yadda ake iyo. Sauran dabbobin basu taba zuwa ruwa ba. Sabili da haka, ba shi da kyau a yi wanka da lemur: baho, musamman tare da shamfu, na iya rushe microflora na halitta kuma zai haifar da cututtuka.
Lemurs suna da hakora masu ƙarfi sosai. Wannan dabba mai kyau da kyau mara lahani tana iya cizo sosai idan ta ɗauki yatsanka don abinci, sabili da haka, ba a ba da shawarar sanya hannu a kai ba. Ka tuna fa galibi suna cin abincinsu ne a yanayi a farko a cikin paws, sannan su kawo shi bakinsu. Wannan na iya faruwa da hannayenku. Kafin ku duba, abincinku mai kyau da kyawawan idanu za su dandana ku, musamman idan yana ƙanshi na abinci ko wani abu, a ra'ayinsa, mai daɗi. Kada ku zagi lemur - wannan ilhami ne, amma ku yi hankali. Dwarf da lemur lory a gida da wuya ba sa ciji mutane, amma ba shi da daraja tsokani dabba. Haɗin jikinsu ya ƙunshi wasu adadin guba, wanda suke sa ulu a cikin yanayi na halitta, suna kare kansu daga kwari da kwaya. Ga 'yan Adam, yana da lafiyayyen aminci, akwai lokatan lokuta yayin da cizo ya haifar da rashin lafiyan yanayi, zazzabi da ƙaiƙayi.
Dabbobin suna da matukar son sani, kuma idan kayi la'akari da cewa lokacin aikinsu ya fadi cikin dare, to zasu fara haɓaka gidanka lokacin da kake bacci. Acan yatsun da ke lalata zasu taimaka musu buɗe buɗe kan kulle a kan aviary, don haka ka tabbata cewa ƙarar ba ta rufe tsohuwar katako ko ƙugiya, amma abin dogara ne, in ba haka ba dabbobin na iya rataye a wayoyi, ko ma dandana su, kuma wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar dabbar.
Duk da cewa lemurs da yawa suna zaɓa kuma sun gwammace salon rayuwa ɗaya, yana da kyau a kiyaye su cikin nau'i-nau'i. Don haka, lemur mai laushi a gida yana shan wahala sosai daga kadaici har ma ya mutu. Ba lallai ba ne cewa ma'auratan za su haihu (da wuya su yi kiwo cikin bauta), amma sadarwa tare da dangi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga dabbobi.
Lokacin fara lemur a gida, tuna cewa dabba ya kamata ya ji daɗi, kuma kada ku kasance abin wasan ku na rayuwa.
Legends na lemurs
A Madagascar, ana ɗaukar lemur a matsayin dabba mai tsabta, saboda akwai wata tatsuniya cewa da zarar ta kasance mutane ne da suka shiga daji kuma, daidaitawa da salon rayuwa daban, cike da ulu, sun koyi wanzuwar bishiyoyi da cin 'ya'yan itatuwa. Mazaunan tsibirin suna tsoron waɗannan dabbobin: idan suka haɗu da su, suna maraba da su da daraja. Idan lemur ya fada cikin tarkon farauta, za a sake shi, kuma dabbar da ta ji rauni za a kai shi gida, a bi da shi, sannan a sake shi cikin daji.
Akwai wata tatsuniya game da bayyanar wadannan dabbobin a Madagascar, wanda ya ce lemur din sun kasance suna zaune a Afirka, amma ba su ji koshin lafiya a can ba, don haka suka gina shingaye suka hau tsibirin. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa dabbobin da kansu za su iya gina akalla jirgin ruwa kuma su tsallaka ruwa zuwa wani wuri, amma almara kawai ya bayyana bayyanar su.
A Madagascar, suna matukar tsoron bangaren Madagascar, suna kokarin kar a sake ambaton sunanta.Akwai camfi cewa mutumin da ya kashe wannan dabbar lalle tabbas zai mutu a cikin shekara guda. An yi imani cewa idan dabbar tayi kururuwa kusa da gidan, wani mummunan abu zai faru. Mazauna karkara suna tsoron yin bacci a cikin dajin, domin idan suka farka, yakamata su sami matashin ciyawa da hannu ya ajiye. Idan matashin kai a ƙarƙashinku - jira don wadata, a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunku - la'ana mai girma.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da lemurs
Lemun tsami ba su da gashi a cikin tafin hannu, kuma kafafu kan da yawansu suna kama da hannayen mutane. Fata a kan dabbobin dabbobi yana da hankali sosai, don haka suna bincika abubuwan da ba a san su ba kawai da idanunsu, har ma da hannayensu.
Wasu mata sukan kwashe 'yan' yayansu ba a bayansu ba, kamar yadda suka saba, amma a bakinsu, saboda haka, don cin abinci, da farko sun ba da jariransu sannan kuma su ci abinci. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, mace na iya jin yunwa.
A lokutan bushewa, lemurs na cat suna samun danshi daga cacti, a hankali suna fitar da ƙaya.
Duk lemurs suna da muryar da ya fi dacewa, wani lokacin tsoro, saboda yakan yi kama da na mutum, ko kuma ta ƙaramin yaro. Amma mafi yawan vocal suna dauke indri. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi kusan ba su da wutsiya, wanda ga mutane da yawa alama ce ta ƙayyade wurin, don haka kukan ya zama alama. Lemur tare da babbar murya mai sokin iya sanar da dangin wannan hadarin ko kuma inda yake kusan a nisan mil kilomita daya.
Wutsiyar lemurs ta zama musu irin abincin kwalliya. A can ne suke ajiye ajiyar kitse da abubuwan gina jiki idan ana jin lokacin yunwa ko rashin isasshen abinci.
Lemar dabbobi masu kyau marasa lahani. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike da yawa waɗanda zasu ba da haske kan fasalin rayuwar su, don haka abin mamaki ne a gare mu. Abin baƙin ciki, ayyukan ɗan adam suna ƙara yin lahani ga mahallinsu, sabili da haka, alhakinmu ne kai tsaye don kula da kiyayewa da waɗannan dabbobi na musamman.
Yaɗa
Indri, kamar sauran lemurs, suna zaune a Madagascar, kuma adadin su yana cikin yankin arewa maso gabas na tsibirin. Gidajen zaman shine gandun daji, inda za'a iya samun tsawan su zuwa 1800 m sama da matakin teku, duk da haka, an fi son ƙananan yankuna.
Halayyar
Indri suna zaune akan bishiyoyi su sauka zuwa duniya lokaci-lokaci. Suna yin tafiya tare da rassan da farko tare da taimakon ƙarfin kafafunsu mai ƙarfi, suna tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe ko hawa sama da ƙasa. A doron kasa, kamar yadda yake cikin kowane dangi, tsalle kan kafafunsu na hurawa da ɗaga kafafunsu na gaba cikin iska. Daga cikin dukkan lemurs, sun fi ƙarfin aiki da rana, kuma suna motsawa da dare kawai a cikin mummunan yanayi ko lokacin da maƙiyin ya kawo musu hari. Kuna iya kallon sau da yawa yadda suke a kan itace a cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan kuma ku ji daɗin hasken rana.
Indri suna zaune cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi na mutum biyu zuwa biyar, waɗanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ƙunshi ma'aurata masu haɗari da zuriyarsa. Mace tana da rinjaye kuma tana da fifiko lokacin neman abinci. Bayan mutuwar abokin tarayya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta sami kanta sabuwa. Ma'aurata sun mallaki takamaiman matakin daga 17 zuwa 40 ha, wanda namiji ke yin alama tare da sirri daga gland na musamman.
Yawancin indri suna raira waƙa da safe, wanda suke da'awar haƙƙinsu ga yankin. Wannan waƙoƙin, wanda yawanci yakan yi magana ne tsakanin 7 da 11 na safe, duka abokan biyu ne ke yin sa kuma ana ji shi nesa nesa da 2 kilomita.
Indri da mutumin
Kalmar "indri" a cikin yaren gida yana nufin "Ga shi nan." Wataƙila, rashin fahimta ce tsakanin masu bincike da jagororin Malagasy, a cikin harshen da ake kiran wannan dabbar, a zahiri, "babakoto". Rashin amincin aure na Indri, waƙoƙin renonsa da faɗuwar rana a rana ya haifar da camfi iri-iri waɗanda suke da alaƙa da shi. Don haka, bisa ga Malagasy, waɗannan dabbobin suna girmama rana. Bugu da kari, rayukan wadanda suka mutu, a cewar Malagasy, suna ci gaba da rayuwa cikin gari. Irin waɗannan camfe-camfen, har kwanan nan, sun kare indri daga farautarsu.
Babban barazanar da zasu yiwa indir a yau shine lalata wuraren rayuwarsu. Ba su yarda a sa su a ƙarƙashin kulawa da ɗan adam ba, wanda ke sa shirye-shiryen kiwo daban-daban ba zai yiwu ba. A cikin yankuna masu kariya, sun sami nasarar tabbatar da rayuwarsu a kan ƙarami, amma, duk da haka, IUCN ya kimanta matsayin su "a cikin haɗari" (barazana) [ saka ] .