Sealwaƙan hatimi, ko kuma angoba (Phoca hispida) - wani nau'in tambarin na ainihi wanda galibi ana samun sa a cikin Arctic: bisa ga ƙididdigar yawancin ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin duniya, akwai kusan hatimin 4 miliyan zoben ringi. Wannan hatimin ya sami sunan sa ne saboda tsarin saƙar, wanda ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na zoben haske akan bango mai duhu. Akiba ta yaɗu a cikin tekun Arctic Ocean daga Barents da White a yamma zuwa Tekun Bering a gabas, tana zaune a Okhotsk da Baltic Teas, Tatar Strait, Gulf of Finland da Lake Ladoga, wani lokacin yakan tashi tare da Neva zuwa St. Petersburg. Nerpa yana zaune a yankin rairayin bakin teku da kuma teku, amma galibi yakan kasance a cikin wadatattun wurare, wurare da kewayen bakin teku. Wannan nau'in ba ya yin ƙaura na yau da kullun. A cikin hunturu, hatimi yana zaune a kan kankara.
Bayyanar hatimin zobe
Girman hatimin zoben, wanda aka samo a bakin tekun Arctic, ƙaramin - yana girma zuwa mita 1.4 tare da nauyin 70 kg.
An yi imanin hatimin zoben ya zama ɗayan alsan hatim ɗin. Ci gaban dabba ya tsaya a kimanin shekaru 10. Mata yawanci ƙanana ne fiye da maza. Jikin dabba da ke rayuwa cikin ruwa zagaye ne da kauri, wanda hakan yasa ya zama gajere.
Headan ƙaramin kai kusan yana shiga cikin jiki, tunda wuya yana ƙanƙanta da kauri. Irin wannan dabba tana kama da kwallon da aka yi birgima a kan kankara.
Makarfan hatimi na hatimi yana da siffar mara nauyi, kuma zoben haske sun ratsa dukkan duhu, kusan jikin bawan dabbar. Wannan fasalin na canza launin gajere da taurin kai kuma ya ba da suna ga jinsin. Murfin hatimin yana da fari, duk da haka, a wasu lokuta ana samun wasu mutane masu launin shuɗi. Babu zobba na peculiar a cikin launi na peritoneum da ƙonewa.
Mace suna yin gida kai tsaye daga dusar ƙanƙara saboda haka ba a ganuwa.
Sealararren hatimin tana da kyakkyawan gani, da kyau kwarai ji da wari. Godiya ga lokacin farin ciki mai santsi, an daidaita dabbobin don zama a cikin ruwan sanyi.
Halayyar hatimi hatimi da abinci mai gina jiki
Sealanƙarar zobe, ko a wasu kalmomin - akiba, yana son zama inda daskararren kankara ke iyo a adadi mai yawa. Saboda haka, wuraren da ba su, dabba tana wucewa. An bayyana wannan halayyar ta gaskiyar cewa don shayarwa da haɓaka zuriya kuna buƙatar dusar ƙanƙara mai ɗorewa tare da ramuka (ramuka) a cikinsu da samfuran abin da dabba a cikin ruwa zai iya numfasawa.
Sealanƙarar hatimi maƙaddara ce.
Seals suna ciyar da rukuni biyu na dabbobi - kifi da crustaceans. A cikin tekuna na Kara da Barents, hatimin na farauta ne game da polar cod, navaga, capelin da herring. Daga cikin crustaceans, hatimin yana son shrimps, black-idanu da amphipods. A cikin ruwan Baltic mai ɗumi, abincin ƙamus ɗin zoben yayyafa ne, herring, gobies da kwalin.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Sean matan macen da ke zoben suna kawo zuriyarsu ta farko da shekaru 6-7, kuma suka kai ga balaga tun shekaru 5-6. Matasan hatimin an haife su ne daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu.
Babyan farin yatsan hatimin yana sa farin gashin gashi a karon farko.
Tsawancin ciki shine kimanin watanni 11, gami da lokacin latent (watanni 2-3). Matar zoben da aka sanya wa hannu tana da digo ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, tana yin nauyi har zuwa 4 kilogiram, kuma ɗan kadan fiye da rabin mita. An haifi jaririn a cikin farin gashi mai farin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke kan sa har tsawon makonni 2. Sannan launi na Jawo ya canza zuwa duhu, kuma bayan kimanin watanni 1.5, hatimi na jariri shima yayi kama da ya girma.
Makar hatimi a kan daskararren dusar kankara tana sanya kogon dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ba a ganuwa daga waje. Squan squirrel an haife shi kuma yana zaune a can. Matar tana ciyar da ɗan tare da madara tsawon wata 1.
Ta hanyar hunturu, taro na matashin hatimin ya kai kilogiram 12, kuma tsawon sa 60 cm.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Bayanin
Akibs ƙananan seals ne daga launin toka mai launin shuɗi zuwa ruwan kasa. Basikunsu suna launin toka, kullun sawayensu suna da duhu kuma suna da yanayin fasali na ƙananan zobba, godiya ga wanda, a gaskiya, sun sami suna.
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Jiki yana da laushi, gajarta, an rufe shi da gashi. Shugaban yana karami, wuyan ba shi da tsawo.
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Suna da babban falmaran tare da kauri fiye da 2,5 cm, godiya ga wanda suka yanke ramuka a kan kankara. Kamar yadda kuka sani, irin waɗannan ramuka na iya isa zurfin zuwa mita biyu.
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Dabbobin da suka manyanta sun kai tsawon 1.1 zuwa 1.6 m kuma suna yin nauyi kilo 50-100. Kamar kowane ɗayan hatimin arewa, nauyin jikinsu ya bambanta da yawa dangane da yanayin. Alswannun edarma da aka buɗe shine mafi ƙoshin kaka a farkon kaka da kuma mafi talauci a ƙarshen bazara - farkon bazara, bayan lokacin kiwo da kuma yin molting shekara-shekara. Maza sun fi dan girma girma fiye da mace, kuma a cikin bazara, maza suna da duhu sosai fiye da mace saboda tsananin ruɓawar glandar a cikin kuncin. A wasu lokuta na shekara, suna da wuya a rarrabe. Lokacin haihuwa, cuban sandansu sunkai 60 cm tsayi kuma suna nauyin kilogram 4,5. An rufe su da fur fur mai haske, mai haske akan ciki kuma duhu a baya. Tsarin fur yana buɗewa tare da shekaru.
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Godiya ga haɓakar hangen nesa, ƙanshin ji da ji, ɗabi'un 'yan farauta ne.
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Abinci mai gina jiki
A waje da lokacin kiwo da lokacin molting, an daidaita rarraba kayan buga zobe ta hanyar wadatar abinci. An gudanar da bincike da yawa game da abincinsu, kuma, duk da mahimman bambance-bambancen yanki, suna nuna yanayin gaba ɗaya.
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Babban abincin waɗannan dabbobi shine kifi, halayyar wani yanki. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ba a sami wadanda suka fi 10-15 da ke da nau'in rinjaye na 2-4 a fagen kallon seals. Suna karɓar abinci ƙarami kaɗan - har zuwa 15 cm tsayi, kuma har zuwa 6 cm faɗi.
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Suna ciyar da kifi sau da yawa fiye da invertebrates, amma zaɓin galibi ya dogara da kakar da ƙimar kuzarin ganima.
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Yawanci, abincin da aka sanya wa hannu ya haɗa da lambobin abinci mai narkewa, perch, herring da capelin, waɗanda ke da wadatar ruwa a arewacin tekuna.
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Yin amfani da dabbobi marasa kyau, ga alama, ya zama mai dacewa a lokacin bazara, kuma ya mamaye abincin matasa.
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Abokan gaba
Ban da mutumin da ke rusa hatimin zoben fata, mai ƙamshi da nama, wannan dabbar tana da isassun maƙiya a cikin masu dabarun Arctic. Anan da fari shine polar bear. Kwancen kafa na da sha'awar jira abinsa a kusa da dabbar tsutsa. Da zaran dabbar dabbar ta fito daga ruwa don ya sake wadatar da iskar, maɗaurin beyar ya buge kansa da ƙarfi. Maharbin ya zare hatimi a kan kankara, ya gama shi ya ci. Arctic dawakai kuma babban hatsari ne. Suna da kyakkyawar ma'ana wari, gudu da kuma datti. Su ne ƙaƙƙarfan farauta, kuma yana da matukar wuya a guji haƙoran haƙoransu.
Orcas kuma suna bayar da gudummawar jininsu ga al'amuran da basu dace ba. Waɗannan atorsawancin mafarautan suna iyo a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai dusar ƙanƙara a kan abin da hatimin maƙil suke cika, kuma suka buge shi da manyan jikinsu da kuma nauyi. A kankara flots harts ko juya. Dabbobin da ba su dace ba sun sami kansu a cikin ruwa kuma nan da nan sai su faɗa cikin manyan bakin da ke buɗewa. Walruses kuma masu haɗari ne ga hatimi. Daga cikinsu akwai mutane masu yawan faɗa da hankali waɗanda suke marmarin cin waɗannan dabbobin.
Bayyanar abinci da abinci mai gina jiki
Nerpa - ɗayan ƙaramin hatimi: tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 1.5 m, nauyi 40-80 kg, samfuran Baltic har ma sun fi girma - 140 cm da kilo 100. Maza, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da ɗan girma sama da mace. Jikin hatim ya gajarta da kauri, kawun sa yayi karami, fuskarsa tayi kadan, kuma wuyan ya gajarta da kauri har ya zama kamar ya gama lalacewa. Akiba yana da kyakkyawan gani, da ji da kamshi, wadanda suke taimakawa dabbar ta samo abinci da kuma boyewa cikin lokaci daga masu dabaibaye. Seals suna ciyar da crustaceans, mollusks da kifi (spiny goby, greenland goby, pike, navaga, salmon, salmon).
Rayuwa
Sealsed Rufe ba sa yin mulkin mallaka. Mafi yawan lokuta, suna zama shi kaɗai, kodayake wasu lokuta sukan taru a cikin ƙananan rukuni, wanda, duk da haka, basu da tsayayye. Sun kwashe tsawon shekara a tekun, wanda jikinsu ya dace sosai.
A lokacin rani buga zobe akasari ana ajiye su a bakin ruwayen teku wasu lokuta sukan samarda adibas kannun dutse ko kananun furannin. A cikin kaka, kamar yadda ruwan teku ke daskarewa, yawancin dabbobi suna barin yankin gabar teku a cikin teku kuma su ci gaba da kankara. Wani karamin yanki na dabbobi ya rage na hunturu a bakin tekun kuma ana adana shi a cikin wuraren biya. A wannan yanayin, har ma a farkon daskarewa na teku, hatimin yana sanya ramuka a cikin ƙanƙarar matasa - ramuka, ta hanyar shi ya bar ruwa. Akwai ramuka na ƙarami kaɗan, ana amfani dasu ne kawai don numfasa su. Sau da yawa, ramin rami yana lulluɓe da lokacin farin ciki mai dusar ƙanƙara, wanda hatimin yana sanya rami ba tare da fashewa zuwa waje ba. A irin wannan wurin, ta huta, kasancewar ba a iya ganinta ga makiya, galibi bears. Mafi yawan tara hatimi na hatimi ana lura da su a cikin bazara a kan kankara kan ruwa yayin 'yar tsana, kumbiya da mating. Wannan halayyar musamman ce ta tekun Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda a cikin kwana ɗaya cikin yin iyo a cikin kankara zaka iya ganin ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan, wani lokacin kuma dubunnan dabbobi. Mafi sau da yawa, hatimai suna kwance a cikin rukuni na dabbobin 10-20, amma akwai gungu daruruwan ko sama da dabbobi.
Lambar
An tattara bayanan yawan haɗakarwa don ɗamarar zoben da aka bincika kuma an bincika su zama wani ɓangare na Jerin IUCN na 2016 don jerin ƙananan kuɗi guda biyar. Imididdigar yawan mutanen da suka manyanta da ire-iren yawan kowace ƙaramar hukumar kamar haka:
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- Arctic ringed hatimi - 1 450 000, da ba a sani ba Trend,
- Okhotsk ringed hatimi - 44 000, ba a sani ba
- Baltic ringed hatimi - 11 500, karuwa a yawan,
- Ladoga - 3000-4500, haɓaka sama,
- Saimaa - 135 - 190, karuwa a cikin ƙananan kuɗi.
Sakamakon girman sikelin, yana da wuya a gano ainihin adadin kuɗin shigar Arctic da Okhotsk. Da yake ambaton abubuwa da yawa, kamar ɗumbin mazaunan da ke ɗauke da su, yawan marasa daidaituwa a wuraren da aka bincika, dangantakar da ba a sani ba tsakanin mutanen da aka lura da waɗanda ba a lura da su ba, ba sa ƙididdigar masu bincike su kafa ainihin adadin.
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Koyaya, alkaluman da ke sama sun nuna cewa yawan mutanen da suka manyanta sun haura miliyan 1.5, kuma adadin jama'a ya zarce mutane miliyan uku.
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Tsaro
Baya ga belar bela, waxanda suke da hatsarin gaske ga zoben zobe, waxannan dabbobin sukan zama wawaye da wawaye, karnukan wutsiyoyi, dawakai, har ma da manyan hankaka da gulls da ke cinye sanduna.
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Koyaya, ba tsarin dabi'a bane na yawan jama'a shine ya haifar da haɗuwa da zoben ringi a cikin Red Book, amma shine asalin ɗan adam. Gaskiyar ita ce, duk da duk matakan kariya, yawancin mutanen arewa har zuwa yau suna ci gaba da farautar hatimin, a matsayin tushen nama da fata mai mahimmanci.
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Gabaɗaya, duk da shirye-shirye daban-daban, ba a ƙirƙiri yanki guda ɗaya ba a cikin ma'adinin, wanda hatimin zoben furanni na iya ƙara yawan jama'arsu da yardar rai.