FADA KYAUTA DA FASAHA GASKIYA
Tana cikin yankin Surgut na yankin Khanty-Mansi mai cin gashin kansa, a yankin tsakiyar yankin mai da iskar gas na yankin Surgut da mai.
A cikin maganganu na tectonic, filin yana kumshe ne da tsarin Fedorovsky mai hawa mai hawa wanda yake a tsakiyar sashi na Surgut. A kan rufin Babban juzu'in ajiya na Jurassic, haɓaka Fedorov na uku shine tsarin brachiantic mai shimfiɗa mai ƙarfi, an daidaita shi sosai a cikin shugabanci na haɗin kai. Tashi yana da girma 13.5x4.7 km, amplitude - har zuwa 37 m.
A cikin 1963, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Surgut NRE, an shirya haɗin gwiwa na 10 / 63-64 (shugaban jam'iyyar V.N. Bagaev, shugaban ƙungiyar I.N. Dovgul, babban masanin ilimin kimiyar ƙasa T.M. Bagaev) don gudanar da binciken kimiyyar ƙasa a cikin yankunan arewa, yamma da gabas na ƙauyen. Surgut Manufar aikin shine don nazarin tsarin yanayin ƙasa da bincika ingantattun sifofi. A baya can, an gudanar da aiki a cikin waɗannan yankuna a cikin ƙaramin ƙara kuma bisa ga tsarin tsarin bayanan martaba cn 5 / 60-61 (shugaban ƙungiyar batutuwa da rahoton N. M. Bekhtin, mai fassara E. V. Bondarenko).
A cikin lokatai uku na filin, haɗin gwiwar 10 / 63-64 dalla dalla da shirya tsarin Yammacin Surgut don zurfin aikin hako, da kuma zuwa arewacin ƙauyen. Surgut ya bayyana kuma ya mamaye yankin mai girman da aka gano filin daga Fedorovskoye daga baya. An ba da shawarwari game da cikakken bayanin wannan yankin kuma an ba da shawarar cewa akwai ingantaccen tsari mai kyau da tarin tara mai.
Surgut sp 15 / 69-70 Khanty-Mansiysk Geophysical Trust (wata ƙungiya ta farko L.P. Tyulenev, farawarta I.N. Dovgul, injiniyan injiniya V.G. Selivanov, marubutan rahoton A.N. Zadoepko, A. P. Andreev) yayi cikakken binciken girgizar kasa na MOB a kan sikelin 1: 500 000 a tsakiyar yankin Surgut. Sakamakon aikin, an tsara tsarin Fedorovskaya, Vershinnaya, da Mokhovaya, dalla dalla, kuma an shirya su don zurfin aikin hakar mai.
Savuisky sp 14 / 72-73 (jam’iyya ta farko A.D. Khalilov, mai farawa V.P. Filipenko, babban masanin ilimin kimiyar kasa da marubucin rahoton A.N. Zadoenko).
Surgut NRE ne ya gudanar da aikin hako mai. Tafiya ita ce N. M. Morozov, babban masanin kimiya na kasa E. A. Teplyakov, shugaban sashen nazarin halittu A. P. Shashkin, da kuma babban masanin ilimin kimiyar kasa F. N. Ludofun.
Da kyau 62 a filin Fedorovskaya an sanya shi a ɓangaren arewa-gabashin tsarin tare da manufar neman adana mai da iskar gas a cikin ƙananan adanawa na Cretaceous, da nazarin ɗakunan ajiya na layin AS da BS, da kuma yanayin yanki na ɓangaren arewa-gabashin ginin.
Hukumar ta nuna matsayin a cikin yanayin rijiya mai kyau No. 62 da hukumar ta nuna a matsayin wani bangare na shugaban sashen nazarin halittu A.P. Shashkin da kuma shugaban jigon Yu. I. Bezrukov.
An kafa rijiyan lambar 62 tare da zurfin zane na 2500 m a ranar Maris 13, 1971.
Vungiyar VIC (wanda G. A. Sapotnitsky ke jagoranta) sun hau kan matatar mai da kayan P-62. A cikin kwanakin daga 27 ga Yuni zuwa 24 ga Yuli, 1971, matukan jirgin ruwan N. U. Zhumazhanova sun gama hakar rijiyoyin mai daga 2515 m.
A yayin hakowa tare da matsewa daga tsaka-tsakin 2312-2304, 2299-2289, 2045-2039, an tayar da sandstones mai. Dangane da sakamakon ingantaccen fassarar nazarin filin-ilimin ƙasa (shugaban filin ƙasa da ƙasa, G. B. Timoshin, injiniya mai fassara N. A. Fidrya) abubuwa biyar sun kasance ƙarƙashin gwaji.
Babban gwaji ne daga 13 ga Agusta zuwa 30 ga Satumba, 1971 ta hanyar babban masanin kimiyar kasa na P.I. Garbar da malamin gwajin I.G. Kozlovsky.
Rarraba masana'antu na masana'antu na man fetur ya danganta ne da lamuran Jurassic na Tsakiya, Valanginian, Hauterivian, da Barrem. Matsakaicin matatun mai shine 1000 m.
Radiogram na shugaban Surgut NRE TT. M. Morozov ga Shugaban Glavtyumengeology Yu. G. Ervye - kan gano yankin mai na Fedorovskoye:
Daga Surgut 17 ga Agusta, 1971
An samo maɓallin mai na 105 m3 / rana a rijiyar HP 6S na Fedorovskaya Square lokacin da aka gwada abu na farko a cikin tsaka-tsakin SS96-SS90 m Layer BS-11. a kan 19 mm mai dacewa. Wannan shine matatar mai ta uku da aka gano daga aikin hakar mai ta Surgut a wannan shekara. Morozov.
An bunkasa filin Fedorovskoye tun daga 1973 A cikin 2000, an samar da tan miliyan 8.277 na mai da gas na 2,515 biliyan 3 na gas. Samun mai ya tara dala miliyan 456.875, gas - biliyan 18.252 m 3.
// tarihin rayuwar Babban Feat: Tyumen Geology: Shekaru. Mutane. Abubuwan da suka faru (1953-2003) .- Wed.-Ural. Yarima Gidan Bugawa, 2003.-S.296-297
Fedorovskoe
Taken: Fedorovskoye mai da filin gas
Wuri: Yankin Khanty-Mansi
Lasisi: OJSC “Surgutneftegas”
Hannun jari: Danyen mai da aka fara dawo dasu a filin shine tan biliyan 1.5.
Siffofin: A hadaddun AS4-8 na filin Fedorovskoye, samar da dutsen mai mai a wasu wurare yana da kauri 4-2, ƙasan iskar gas mai mita 50 a saman sa, kuma ruwa mai kauri ɗaya ne a ƙasa.
An ba da sunan filin ne bayan wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta USSR Viktor Petrovich Fedorov, babban jigon ilimin kimiyar kasa na binciken hakar mai a Surgut. Dangane da bayanan girgizar kasa, a tsakiyar shekarun 60s, ya yi hasashen gano filin Fedorovskoye, wanda daga baya aka kira shi da “youngerariyar ”ariyar” Samotlor.
17 ga Agusta, 1971 - An gano filin ne ta hanyar rijiyar mai No. 62, wanda ya haifar da kwararar mai mai mai yawan zubar mita fiye da 100 cubic. m kowace rana.
Maris 31, 1973 - An sanya filin Fedorovskoye cikin aikin masana'antu na matukan jirgi. An samo tan na farko na mai daga rijiyar mai lamba 66.
Oktoba 25, 1974 - An gudanar da wani taron girmamawa don girmamawa ga tan miliyan farko na man da aka samar a filin.
Maris 30, 1977 - Bisa ga umarnin Glavtyumenneftegaz, an kirkiro sashen samar da mai da gas mai suna Fedorovskneft.
Mayu 1978 - Filin booster na farko (CSN-2) sanye take da matakai biyu na rabuwa da karfin tan dubu 20 a kowace rana an ba da izini, na farko a filin Fedorovskoye.
1 ga Yuni, 1978 - Kirkirar bitar don samar da mai da gas Na 1 (TsDNG-1).
1980-1981 - ana aiwatar da haɓaka mai zurfi don ɗaukar iskar gas, rijiyoyin suna sanye da kayan aiki mai ɗauke da iskar gas.
Janairu 1982 - An fara aiki da tashar tuki mai ɗaukar gas KS-41, an fara aikin mai ɗauke da iskar gas.
1983 - Matsakaicin matakin samar da mai a filin Fedorovskoye ya kai - tan miliyan 35.
Fabrairu 1985 - An samar da tan miliyan 250 na mai a filin. A wannan shekarar, an kirkiro da matattarar masana'antar sarrafa jirgi don aikin samar da AC4-8 akan yankin TsDNG-2.
1988 - An tura rijiyoyin ne zuwa matatun mai da aka kera.
A farkon shekarun 90s, aikin gwaji akan aikin hako shirayi ya fara.
Disamba 1994 - A filin Fedorovskoye, cinikin kasuwanci na ƙirƙirar AC4-8 ta rijiyoyin kwance.
Zuwa cikakkar damar a 1983. koma baya ga ci gaba har ya zuwa 1996. Koyaya, yanayin da aka juye da shi ya zama godiya ga kwamatin samar da kayan da ke da wahalar dawo da su, wanda a halin yanzu yanayin fasaha, fasaha da yanayin tattalin arziki, ya zama mai tsadar gaske wajen bunkasa.
2004 - An samar da ton miliyan 500 na mai tun farkon fara aiki.
A shekarar 2012 Fiye da tan miliyan 85 275 dubu na man fetur an samar da su a filin Fedorovskoye. Fiye da 30% na wannan ƙimar ana bayar da shi ta hanyar aikin rijiyoyin kwance. Dangane da tsarin fasaha na ci gaba, ana iya kiyaye irin wannan yanayin aikin na ɗan wani lokaci.
Halin Yanzu: Ci gaba a ci gaba
Fasaha: Don haɓaka abubuwa tare da ajiyar-da-rayarwa, ana amfani da hanyar karkatarwa, buɗaɗɗen kwance, da rushewar hydraulic.
Wurin ajiya na Fedorovsky
An gano dabarun zurfin hako ma'adanin ruwa, Megion, Surgut, da Partsezdovskoye filayen guda daya bayan daya (25 kawai a cikin gefen). Filin, wanda aka sanya wa suna da masaniyar injiniya mai injiniya, an gano shi shekaru shida bayan mutuwarsa - a 1971. Tana da tazarar kilomita 75 arewa da Surgut (Khanty-Mansi m Okrug) a zurfin kilomita 1.9 - 3.1. Harshen coryal ya ba da rahoton cewa yankin shine yankin tsakiyar yankin Surgut mai mai da iskar gas na yankin Central Ob mai da gas.
Ilimin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi ya bayyana cewa filin yana kan filin Fedorovsky mai fasalin tsarin Surgut kuma shine “brachianticline ninkaya mai karfi mai karko, layin da ya dace a cikin tsarin shugabanci”.
Yankunan gaba ɗayan masu girman mil 850 ne. km, tare da amplitude har zuwa 37 m.
Halayen fasaha na filin Fedorovskoye
Yankin filin shine kusan 1900 km2, yawan mai shine 0.85-0.9 g / cm3. Bayan Samotlor, wannan filin shine na biyu mafi girma cikin sharuddan adibas kuma yana kan jerin goma mafi girma a duniya, tunda yana daga cikin manyan mutane (nau'in rarrabuwa) da haɓaka (yanayin ci gaban masana'antu).
Farkon ci gaban filin Fedorovsky
Don haka, filin da aka gano a cikin 1971 a 1973 an sanya shi a cikin aiki. Shekarun farko sun nuna cewa ba filin da kansa zai yanke shawarar yawan samar da mai ba, amma ababen more rayuwa da ke kewaye da shi. Sakamakon mafi girma ana iya cimma shi kawai tare da isar da kayan aikin hakowa da daidaitawa cikin dan kankanin lokaci, da kuma yiwuwar gyara da kiyaye injiniyoyi a wurin. Fadada tushen kayan gyara ya zama a farkon hanyar babbar matsalar bunkasa.
Tare da haɓaka cikin hanyar sadarwa (wanda ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ga waɗancan yanayin yanayin), ƙara yawan samarwa ya ƙaru. Ingantaccen haɓakar haɓaka shine yake ƙaddara wannan yanayin. Gina bututun mai ya kammala hoton nasarar da fasaha ta samu, wanda aka tsara don taimakawa ma'aikatan masana'antar mai.
Filin Firam da Ci gaban Mahalli
Shekaru daya da rabi daga baya (Oktoba 1974), filin ya ba da labari game da batun tan miliyan miliyan na farko na mai. A koyaushe Sama da tan miliyan 500 (wannan manuniya ya isa 2004) an fitar da mai daga hanjin sa yayin cinikin filin. Babban aikin samar da kayayyaki ya cimma ne a 1983, lokacin da kasar ta karbi tan miliyan 36.
Dangane da mafi yawan ra'ayin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, matatun man da aka sake dawo dasu yakai akalla tan biliyan 1.5. Yin amfani da ƙididdigar masu sauƙi, an yanke shawara cewa lokacin da aka ƙididdige ci gaban filin zai zama sauran shekaru 110-120.
Siffofin samar da mai a filin Fedorovskoye
Bayan haɓakar, ana tsammanin raguwar kayan aikin ya biyo baya. Dangane da ire-iren samar da mai a wannan yankin, man ya ta'allaka ne da yadudduka tare da matsayinsu tsakanin hula, ya kunshi iskar gas, da ciyawar ruwa. Rashin shingen ƙasa mai yumɓu yana haifar da saurin shigar ruwa zuwa cikin mahaka. Dangane da wannan, mahakar ma'adanan na fuskantar fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa mai saurin gaske, wanda shine babban bala'in filin.
Yawancin fitar da ruwa daga ma'adanan, da yawan lokacin da za'a kwashe ma'adanan. Ingancin hakar mai yana faduwa, ma'adanai ya zama dole a dakatar da shi don gyara. Dangane da haka, an sami raguwa gaba ɗaya a harkar mai. Ofwarar da matattarar ruwa a wannan yanayin ya zama mara amfani.
Irin waɗannan yanayin ba su da matsala ga tsarin samar da mai na yau da kullun, dangane da wanda, a cikin 90s na ƙarni na karshe, an ɗauki matakan farko don gabatar da sabon fasahar hakowa - kwance. Wannan fasahar hako bututun ba wata nasara bace a masana'antar mai, tunda aka san wannan hanyar tun 1846. 30s na ƙarni na gaba sun daidaita yanayin fasaha don hakowa ta amfani da wannan hanyar.
A farkon 1950, yaduwar amfani da rijiyoyin ja-gora. Tumbin a wannan yanayin ya karkace daga tsaye, rig ɗin kanta yana nesa da filin. Babban wuraren aikace-aikacen wannan hanyar sune filayen ketare ko bakin teku. Ka'idar karkatarwa da kwance-shara ce ta sanya ma'aikatan masana'antar mai ta haɓaka fasahar hako ta amfani da hanyar tari, lokacin da rukunin yanar gizo ɗaya (tari) zai iya haɗawa da rijiyoyin 10-12 da suke rarrafe daga shi kamar rassa (saboda haka sunan).
Abubuwan da ake fata don haɓaka filin Fedorovsky
Don haka, a farkon shekarun 1990, gwaji don gabatar da hanyar hakowa a kwance a filin Fedorovskoye ya yi nasara. Kimanin tan miliyan 150 na mai, wanda yayi kama da an rasa, an kashe shi saboda ƙarancin ribar da ake samu. A halin yanzu, har zuwa kashi 30% na yawan man da aka samar a wannan filin ta hanyar kwance, kuma ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar aiki gaba mai tsawo.
Sakamakon bayyanar ma'aunin kuɗi mai ɗaukar nauyi (wanda ribar riba take samu kusan sifili), mai haɓaka filin yana shirin fadada ayyukan daidai ta hako mai. Masu sharhi kan tattalin arziki suna ba da tsinkayar tattalin arziki mai kyau don sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyukan. A matsayin ƙarin ƙari, zai yuwu a yi amfani da iskar gas mai hade zuwa kashi 99% na ƙarfinta. Wannan hanyar tana dacewa da yanayin rayuwar yankin (al'amuran muhalli sun ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan).
Shin da kanka kuke yi da kanku? Sannan karanta labarin da ke bayanin aikin!
Takin gona muhimmi bangare ne na lambun ka. Cikakken bayani ana samunsu ta hanyar https://greenologia.ru/eko-problemy/biosfera/bolota/torf-udobrenie.html.
Tasirin ajiya na Fedorovsky akan ilimin halittu na yankin
Kamar kowane masana'anta na man petrochemical, ta bar alamar da ba za a iya dogara da ita a kan yanayin yankin ba. Amma idan aka kwatanta da halin rashin tunani da rashin amfani ga yanayin a cikin karni na ƙarshe, hanyar zamani don kare muhalli yana ba da sakamako mafi kyau. Dangane da dokokin da aka amince da su, an tsayar da buƙatun muhalli don masana'antu sau da yawa. Ayyukan su yana karkashin kulawa koyaushe, sakamakon abin da aka bayyana ingantaccen daidaituwa a alaƙar mutum da yanayi.
Hatsarori kuma suna faruwa, kamar wanda ya faru a shekarar 2011 sakamakon ɓacin ran ɗayan ma'adinan.
Koyaya, saboda ɗaukacin buƙatun kayan aiki da ƙa'idodin kiyaye muhalli, adadin haɗarin a mahakar ba su da mahimmanci, tare da lalata yanayin yankin.
Za a iya kiran Kharun-Mansiysk ta zamani Okrug gaba ɗaya da kuma almara Fedorovka musamman a filin mai na ƙarni na 21. Rashin tabbas wanda masu haɓaka filin suka yi kusan kusan shekaru 45 na tarihin aikinsa yana ba mu damar amfani da wannan kalmar ba tare da saukin kai ba. Idan a cikin ƙasarmu al'ada ce a kira jaruntaka ba garuruwa kaɗai ba, har ma da adana kuɗi, to asusun ajiya na Fedorovskoye zai kasance ɗayan farkon wanda ya karɓi wannan taken.
(Ba a tantance ba tukuna)