Mutane suna danganta tsuntsaye da halaye iri iri, an gano su da halaye na mutane daban-daban. Sunan tsuntsaye da yawa suna kwatancen ƙungiyarmu.
Da yake magana game da tsuntsu Swan, kowa zai yi tunanin kyawun sa kuma ya tuna da amincin swan. A cikin wannan dangi akwai wanda aka zaba a matsayin alamar ƙasar Finland - zakariya swan.
Bayanin da fasalin whooper Swan
An ba da izinin tsari na Anseriformes da dangin ducks da yawa tsuntsaye, da zakariya swan daya daga cikin wakilan da ba a saba gani ba. A waje, wannan swa ne na al'ada a cikin ma'anar al'ada, amma kuma yana da wasu bambance-bambance.
Girman amaryar suru tana da girma sosai: nauyin tsuntsaye shine kilo 7.5-14. A tsayi, jikin tsuntsu ya kai santimita 140-170. Tsuntsu fika 275. Gefen yana da ruwan lemo mai launin baki, girmansa daga 9 zuwa 12 cm.
Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. ZUWA Zafar Swan Zamu iya ƙarawa idan aka kwatanta da 'yan'uwa yana da girma fiye da kannun dabba, amma ƙasa da Siwi na bebe.
Launin launin shuɗi fari na fari ne; akwai wadatattun abubuwa tsakanin fuka-fukai. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye ana fentin su a cikin sautunan launin toka mai sauƙi, kuma shugaban yana da duhu duhu fiye da sauran sassan jiki, kuma kawai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa sai suka zama dusar ƙanƙara.
Manyan tsuntsaye suna da dogaye (wuyansa kusan daidai yake da tsawon jiki), waɗanda suke riƙe da madaidaiciya, kuma ba sa lanƙwasa, da gajeru, ƙafafu baƙi. Fuka fukafansu suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kamar yadda ya zama dole a kula da babban nauyinsu.
Wani mummunan bugu na reshen swan zai iya karya hannun yaron. A hoto na whooper Swan zaku iya godiya da dukkan kyanta da alherin da ke cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Wanda Swann Habitat
Whooper Swan tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura. Shafukan nishaɗinsa sun faɗi ne a arewacin yankin Eurasia, tun daga Scotland da Scandinavia zuwa tsibiran Sakhalin da Chukotka. Hakanan ana samun shi a Mongolia, a arewacin Japan.
Don hunturu, tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura zuwa arewacin Tekun Bahar Rum, zuwa Kudu da kudu maso gabas Asia, (China, Korea), zuwa Caspian. Nesting a cikin Scandinavia, a gefen Tekun Fasha da Baltic, tsuntsaye sukan kasance tsawon lokacin hunturu a wuraren kiwo. Tsuntsayen daga Eurasia kuma ba za su tashi ba, idan dai ba wuraren yin wanka ba suke daskarewa.
A cikin yankin Omsk, ana samun 'yan farauta a Tauride, Nazyvaevsky, gundumar Bolsherechensky. Hakanan karɓar ramuka na tashar ruwa a cikin ƙaura yayin karɓar ƙaura. Tsuntsaye suna zaɓar wuraren da suke zaune inda gandun daji na yankin subarctic ya maye gurbinsu da tundra.
'Yan Gudun Hijira na Jihar Bairovsky yana da mafi yawan adadin whoanda da ke tashi can zuwa gida. Tsuntsayen suna jin daɗi da lafiya a wurin, waɗanda suke son kiwo.
Wanda Wayyo Swan Face Mask
Swans koyaushe suna zaune kusa da tafkuna, saboda haka tsuntsayen manya-manyan, suna kashe mafi yawan rayukansu akan ruwa. Waterfowl zauna a kan ruwa sosai majestically, rike da wuyõyinsu a madaidaiciya, da ƙarfi danna fuka-fuki zuwa jiki.
A waje, da alama dai kamar yadda tsuntsaye ke yin iyo a hankali, ba sa gudu koina, amma idan suna son cim ma su, sun sami ikon motsawa cikin sauri. Gabaɗaya, swans suna da hankali sosai, suna ƙoƙari su zauna a kan ruwa daga bakin tekun.
Ana son cirewa, wani butoper mai zurfi yana gudana tsawon lokaci akan ruwa, yana samun tsawo da saurin da ake so. Wadannan tsuntsayen da wuya suyi tafiya a ƙasa, kawai idan ya cancanta, tunda yana da sauƙin sauƙin su kiyaye jikin gabba cikin ruwa ko gudu.
A lokacin ƙaura whooper swans farko tattara a cikin karamin rukuni na mutane da yawa. Na farko, tsuntsaye kadai, sannan garken tumaki kusan goma suna tashi sama a cikin dare dare da rana.
A Gabas ta Siberiya da Primorye, sau da yawa mutum yakan ga alamun farin yawo. Tsuntsaye suna hutu a cikin tafkunan don shakatawa, ci da samun ƙarfi. A cikin kaka, lokacin ƙaura yana sauka ne a watan Satumba-Oktoba, lokacin da sanyi na farko ya shiga.
A dare, lokacin da rayuwa ta daskarewa, ƙarar swans suna bayyane a sararin sama. Domin muryoyinsu ne - da aka busa ƙaho kuma aka busa, ana kiransu da karuwai. Ana jin sautin a matsayin "gang-go," kuma kiran rawanin a cikin bazara yana da daɗi musamman lokacin da muryoyinsu masu farin ciki suka yi tsayayya da yanayin yanayi na farkawa, kogunan koguna da ƙananan murda. A sautin muryar iri ɗaya suna nuna yanayin motsin su a cikin dacewar yanayi.
Saurari muryar karuwa
Wanda Sike Swan
Tunda swans ruwa ne na ruwa, abincin da aka samo a ruwa shine tushen abincinsu. Waɗannan sune tsire-tsire masu ruwa na ruwa iri-iri wanda tsuntsu yakan fitar lokacin da yake ruwa. Hakanan Swans zai iya samun ƙananan kifaye, ɓarna da kuma mollusks daga cikin ruwa.
Musamman son irin wannan abincin sune tsuntsayen da suke buƙatar furotin. Yayin da suke ƙasa, aladu suna cin ganye iri iri, hatsi, tara tsaba, berries, kwari, da tsutsotsi.
Kajin da ke buƙatar girma musamman suna cin abincin furotin, suna ɗauko shi daga ƙarkashin tafkin, suna zaune a wani zurfin zurfin kusa da tudu, kuma su nitse cikin ruwa, kamar yadda ducks ke yi.
Tsuntsaye suna buɗe dogon wuya a cikin ruwa, suna ta ciyawa a kan gungume, suna zaɓi tushen da tsire-tsire masu daɗi. Suna kuma tara silt da baki, da kuma tace shi ta hanyar bristles na musamman. Daga ragowar taro na tsuntsu, an zabi cin abinci tare da harshe.
Duba bayanin
The whooper Swan shine wakilin dangin ducks da kuma tsari na Anseriformes. A cikin duka, detachment yana da nau'ikan swans bakwai:
Hawan swwan din ya bambanta da dangin sa na kusa da na swan bebi a cikin masu saukin kai, amma har yanzu yana da ban sha'awa ga tsuntsu, masu girma dabam. Tsawon jikin mutum na iya kaiwa zuwa cm 180, kuma fikafin nisansa ya kai 280. Girman jikin mace mai girma ya kai kilogiram 7 zuwa 10. Namiji ya fi nauyi - daga kilogiram 12 zuwa 16.
Tsuntsaye suna da dogon wuya, amma ba tare da alamar lanƙwasa halayyar kirki ba, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da jiki mai ƙarfi, ɗan gajeren wando
A cikin tsuntsaye manya, fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu dusar ƙanƙara ce, kuma tsuntsayen matasa galibi sune launin toka-fari, launin toka-mai-launin toka-mai-fari-fari. Yawan tsufa ne kawai yake faruwa yayin da ya cika shekaru uku.
Habitat
'Yan boko haram suna yin kwana a wurare masu ɗumi: a tekun Bahar Rum, a China da Koriya, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Yankunan Caspian bakin teku). Wasu alumomin da ke zaune a gabar Tekun Baltic wani lokacin kan kasance a lokacin hunturu kuma su tashi zuwa reshe kawai a yanayin yanayin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara.
Yankunan da ke kusa da tsuntsaye suna da faɗi sosai: daga Scotland da ƙasashen Scandinavia zuwa Sakhalin. Yawancin mazaunan kudu suna zaune ne a yankin Astrakhan da Altai Territory, a cikin Mongolia, a cikin lardunan arewacin Japan, Switzerland, da Austria. Ba a iya samun sauƙin koyaushe ba a cikin tsakiyar tsakiyar Rasha, Siberiya, da kuma a cikin kasashen kudanci da tsakiyar Turai.
20.12.2017
Whooper Swan (lat.Cygnus cygnus) dangin Utins ne (Anatidae). Finns suna ɗaukar farin swan farin wata alama ce ta ƙasa. Ba kamar swan na dame na bebe ba, ba yakan haifar da tashin hankali ba, amma muryoyin da za'a ji muryar da za'a ji ta nesa mai nisa. Tsuntsu wanda yake da fuka-fukin yana da cikakkiyar lafazi mai mahimmanci, tare da taimakon wanda yake bayyana motsin zuciyar sa.
Yaɗa
An rarraba wannan nau'in a wani muhimmin sashi na sashin bincike mai zurfi na Eurasia. Yankakinta ya tashi daga Iceland har zuwa Scandinavia zuwa ƙarshen Siberiya zuwa Sakhalin da Chukotka. Gasar mazaunin mata na mata shine tundra tare da tsirrai masu tsayi. Yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya yana aiki a arewacin Mongolia da Japan.
'Ya'yan daji suna zaune a cikin tafkuna masu zurfin ruwa da koguna masu gudana mai santsi, inda tsire-tsire masu ruwa suna girma sosai. Yawancinsu suna yin ƙaura a cikin hunturu don ɗaukar lokacin zafi. Suna yin hunturu a gabar Tekun Bahar Rum da Caspian Teas, har ma da yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a cikin jikunan ruwa marasa daskarewa suna yawan zama lokacin hunturu a ƙasarsu ko kuma yin jiragen sama marasa mahimmanci zuwa kudu zuwa wurare masu kyau. Suna jin daidai gwargwado a cikin sabo da gishiri, ko ruwan hade.
Halayyar
Whooper Swan yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci akan ruwa. Yawancin lokaci yakan yi iyo a hankali, yana jin daɗin girman girmansa, amma a cikin lokutan barazanar mutum yana iya samun ingantaccen sauri. Yana yin kashewa bayan doguwar tafiya a saman ruwa, yana yin wulakanta kashin jikin sa. Yana motsi kwatsam kuma da wuya a ƙasa.
Tsuntsu yana ƙauna kuma ya san yadda za a yi kururuwa. Lokacin da take ihu, sai ta murƙushe wuyanta ta ɗaga kai. Cheers da nasarorin suna sauti kamar "gi-gi-gi" kuma suna tare da ƙarfi murɗa fuka-fuki. A lokacin hutu, swans suna magana a tsakanin su da sautuka mai sanyin hankali da amo, kuma kowane tsuntsu yana da nasa saƙo na musamman. Tsuntsaye masu rikitar da musayar kalmomin suna gauraya kalmomi gajere da kaifi wadanda ke tunatar da “uk” ko “ak”. Da gudu, suna faɗan karar sauti kamar "kyu-kyu-kyu".
Whooper swans tashi sosai da alheri ba tare da halayyar sautin fuka-fuki muhimmi a cikin sauran mambobi ne na danginsu. Ya danganta da lokacin shekara da yanayin muhalli, suna aiki dare ko dare. Da yake suna kasancewar halittu masu tsoro, suna ƙoƙarin kada su fallasa kansu ga haɗarin wuce gona da iri. Ana fara tashi zuwa cikin gidajen hunturu a tsakiyar Oktoba.
Tushen abincin shine tsire-tsire masu ruwa. Lokaci-lokaci, swans yakan ziyarci ciyayi masu ciyawa, cin ciyawa da asalinsu. Da wuya a ziyarci filayen gona, sun fifita yaran fyade ga noman hunturu. Wani lokaci ƙananan invertebrates, galibi kwari, shiga menu.
Kiwo
Babban wuraren kiwo sune kan iyakokin taiga da tundra. Suna cikin jikin ruwa masu girma dabam. Lokacin mating yawanci daga watan Afrilu zuwa Mayu ne. A wannan lokacin, wajan karkatarwa suna zama ƙasa kuma suna kare mutuncin dukiyoyinsu daga kowane takunkumi. Sun kakkama bakin iyaka tare da fuka-fuki da fika da fushi.
Mace ta gina gida inda take da nisan kusan 1 m da tsawo na 0.5-0.8 m a bakin ruwa kusa da ruwa a tsakiyar ciyawar ciyawar. Isar da kayan gini ana yin ta ne ta hannun mijinta. Ana amfani da tambarin ɓaure, cattails, sedges da kowane ciyawa da algae girma a kusa. A ciki, an yi shimfidar gida tare da gansakuka. Ana iya amfani dashi shekaru da yawa, fadadawa da ƙarfafawa kowace shekara, har ya kai girman diamita na 2-3 m.
Matar ta sanya ƙwai 5-6 na 113x74 mm a girma. Launin su ya bambanta da launin shuɗi-fari zuwa ruwan ɗara da ƙananan furuci. Qwai ne ke kwance a tsaka-tsakin na tsawon awanni 48. Yin kyanwa yana farawa bayan kwanciya da kwan da ya gabata. Yin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 35-36. Namiji baya shiga cikin farautar zuriya ta gaba, yana iyakance kansa ya tsare gidan. Tare da asarar masonry, ana yin na biyu, amma a koyaushe akwai ƙarancin ƙwai a ciki.
Bayan da bai gama bushe ba, wayoyin da suka ƙare an shirya su bar gida su bi mahaifiyarsu. Duk iyayen sun ciyar da 'ya' ya, sun kare su daga duk wani bala'i. Kokoshi an rufe shi da kauri-launin toka-shuɗi tare da hasken shuɗi mai haske. Suna da ja-baki mai haske tare da baki kamar na tsuntsaye manya. Suna zama mai fiɗa da kusan kwanaki 90 da haihuwa. Yawancin lokaci suna ciyar da kaka tare da iyayensu, kuma bazara mai zuwa ta wanzu ga rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Balagarsu na faruwa ne yana da shekaru 4.
Labari
Sau da yawa ana ambaton furuwa a cikin tatsuniya kuma alama ce ta aminci, soyayya da tsabta. Amma akwai wasu, ba ƙasa da ban sha'awa, gaskiya game da karuwa:
- babban banbanci tsakanin daidaikun mutanen wannan nau'in daga wasu nau'in shine rashin halayen halayen mutum a farfajiyar baki na alfadari,
- Wato shine kawai nau'in swans wanda yake da madaidaicin madaidaiciya, ba tare da lanƙwasa ba.
- maza yawanci suna shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na jini don mazaunin su, ko don abokin da aka zaɓa,
- tsofaffi suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna da ƙarfin mamaki, sabili da haka tare da reshe ɗaya kawai za su iya bugun ƙaramin dabba ga ƙaramar dabba har ma su karya hannun mutum,
- mutane da yawa na Trans-Ural sun tashe waɗannan tsuntsayen kuma suna yin alamomi da halayyar su, kuma wasu mutane sun yarda cewa sun fito daga aladu ne,
- A Siberiya, an yi imanin cewa da farkon lokacin sanyi, 'yan huda ke jujjuya dusar ƙanƙara, kuma da damuna sai su koma huhu.
A kowane lokaci, whooper swans ya jawo hankalin mutane. Yawancin Legends da tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi da tatsuniyoyi an rubuta su game da su. Kuma a cikin duniyar yau, swans ya zama alama ta aminci da ƙauna ta har abada.
Bayanin asali
A kwatankwacin sigogin waje na wanzuwar, babu wasu alamu da ba a saba gani da za su bambanta shi da fahimta ta gaba ɗaya game da bayyanar tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in. Amma har yanzu akwai fasalullolin sifofi na irin gandun daji.
Da fari dai, waɗannan sune girman jiki:
- Yawan tsuntsaye na iya kaiwa daga kilo 7.5 zuwa 15,
- tsawon jikin mutum ya bambanta daga santimita 140 zuwa 175,
- fuka-fukan sun yi kama da jikin mutum, fuka-fukan suna daga 265 zuwa 280 cm,
- wuya tana da tsawo kuma madaidaiciya,
- baki ya kai santimita 10 - 10 a tsayinsa, ana zanensa da ruwan lemo mai haske tare da baki,
- Ya fi girma girma fiye da “ƙananan” swans, amma ya ɗan ƙanƙanuwa da siwun bewan.
Amma game da canza launi na 'yan farauta, yana da mahimmanci nan da nan a lura cewa daskararren daskararren dusar ƙanƙara a cikinsu yana bayyana ne kawai da shekaru 3, lokacin da balaga ta balaga. Zuwa wannan zamani, swans suna da launin toka mai haske, kuma gashin fuka-fukan a jikin kai yayi duhu fiye da baya.
Wuraren Scandinavian Peninsula, Scotland da Sakhalin sun wakilci wuraren da whooperon swan suke zaune. Hakanan ana iya ganin su a arewacin yankin tekun Caspian, Mongolia da Japan, kuma karuwa mai karfi tana zaune a gabar Kogin Perm da kuma manyan tafkunan Chukotka.
Wannan nau'in ƙaura ne mai canzawa, sabili da haka, a farkon lokacin hunturu, suna tashi zuwa wurare masu zafi zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum, har zuwa tsakiyar kudu na Asiya. 'Yanda ke tashi suna iya yin tsawo.
Idan ya cancanta, tsuntsayen kan gangaro zuwa saman ruwa na manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, inda suke hutawa da samun ƙarfi don kammala jirginsu.
A ƙarshen hunturu, tsuntsayen sun sake komawa tsoffin mazaunansu na fara karuwa, wanda daga nan ne za a fara rawa. A farko, kajin yara suna tashi cikin garken guda tare da iyayensu, kuma bayan sun kai ga balaga sai su yaye su, su kirkiro danginsu da garkensu.
Kiwo
Tsawon rayuwa na kullun zai kasance tsawon shekaru 9-10, kuma lokacin balaga, kamar yadda muka fada a sama, yana faruwa ne shekaru 3. Sun fara shirya wasannin lamuran daga ƙarshen lokacin hunturu.
Maza sun fara ba da babbar murya mai busa ƙaho kuma suna jawo hankalin mata da raye-raye masu ban mamaki. Bayan sun tashi zuwa mazauninsu na al'ada, masu tarbiya biyu sun kasu kashi biyu kuma sun fara shirya ciyayi don cigaban kwai da kwanciyar kajin.
Don zama mafi daidaito, mazaunin yana da mafi yawan lokuta sanye yake da mace, kuma namiji yana kusa. Duk da cewa sigogi na swan gida suna da ban sha'awa sosai kuma sunada nisan mita ɗaya zuwa uku a diamita kuma har zuwa santimita 74-80, ana iya samun su da ɗanɗano, tunda waɗannan mutane suna da kunya kuma suna ganin haɗari a komai. Sabili da haka, don shaƙatawa, suna zaɓar mafi ɓoyayyen wurare da wurare masu nisa.
Don ɗayan abin sha, mace tana haƙa ƙwai bakwai kuma tana aske kanta. Yaron koyaushe yana kiyaye ta kuma, idan hatsari ya kusanto, sai ya yi ihu da babbar murya.
Matar nan da nan ta fara juyar da ƙwai, bayan haka ta ci gaba da yin kwanciyar hankali.
Dukkanin tsari daga kwanciya ƙwai zuwa bayyanar kajin yana ɗaukar kwanaki 36-40. Akwai jarirai masu launin toka a jiki. Ma'aurata Swan suna da matukar dacewa a kan kiwon da kuma ciyar da kajin, wanda girma da girma da sauri. Sabili da haka, daga farkon mako na rayuwa, kajin suna cin abincin riga don kansu, kuma da shekaru 3 suka bar nunin, amma kada ku yi nisa da iyayensu.
Whooper Swan shi ne tsuntsu mai ƙaura wanda ba shi da girma mai girma, don haka suke yin yawancin rayuwarsu akan ruwa.Daga waje, da alama tsuntsayen sun fi yin saurin hawa da sauka, amma idan hatsari ya matso, saurin canzawa da sauri suka fara tafiya cikin ruwa har sai sun tashi, saboda haka ko da a kan kwale kwalen ba koyaushe ne zai iya kama su.
A halin yanzu, yawancin manoma da yawa sun kirkiro waɗannan mutane a cikin makircinsu azaman kayan adon ado. Don kiyaye swans, ya zama dole cewa akwai wata karamar tafki ko kandami na wucin gadi akan yankin, idan aka keta waɗannan buƙatun, swans ba zasu sami damar rayuwa na dogon lokaci akan makirci na mutum ba kuma zai bar shi a mafi ƙarancin damar.
Ciyar da abinci
A cikin daji, whooper swan yana ci abinci mai tsire-tsire, kuma kusan kashi 18-20% na abincin yau da kullun sune samfuran dabbobi a cikin:
- tsutsotsi
- kwari
- sauran kananan kwayoyin halitta.
Haka tsarin ciyarwa yakamata ya kasance idan ana ciyar da iri a gida. Abincin yau da kullun na swans yakamata ya ƙunshi albarkatu irin su:
Abubuwan da aka lissafa sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani kamar niacin, sulfates, chlorides, carotene, tocopherol da sauran abubuwan haɗin da ake buƙata don ingantaccen ci gaba da haɓaka swans.
Abincin yau da kullun na waɗannan tsuntsayen a gida ya kamata yayi kama da wani abu kamar haka:
- da safe - crushed tushen amfanin gona (230 g kowace mutum) tare da ruwa mai yawa, da kuma cokali (500 g kowane mutum) da kuma hatsi amfanin gona (250 g), kashi ci abinci - 20 grams,
- a abincin rana - rigar abinci da tafiya a kullun akan titi kusa da tafki tare da samun damar cin ciyawa,
- kafin faɗuwar rana, ana bada shawarar komai game da karin kumallo.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk da cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cinye yawancin rana a kan tafki ko tafki, suna buƙatar cika tasoshin sha a kai a kai a cikin jirgin, a bakin ruwa da kantin sayar da su.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Wanda yake harbi a cikin daji-tundra da taiga a duk yankin Eurasia, kudu da iyakar Buick, yana daga Iceland da arewacin Scandinavia a yamma zuwa gabar tekun Pacific na Rasha a gabas.
An bayyana manyan manyan al Fiveumomin guda biyar na whooper swans:
- Yawan Iceland
- yawan arewa maso yamma nahiyar Turai,
- yawan Bahar Maliya, Bahar Rum,
- yawan Yammaci da Tsakiyar Siberiya, Tekun Caspian,
- Yawan Asiya ta Gabas.
Koyaya, akwai bayanai kadan game da irin yadda yanayin motsi yake a tsakanin Bahar Maliya / Bahar Rum da yankuna Yammaci da Tsakiyar Siberiya / Tekun Caspian, sabili da haka wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar waɗannan tsuntsaye a matsayin yawan al'umar Rasha ta Tsakiya.
Yawan jama'ar Icelandic a Iceland, kuma yawancin suna yin ƙaura zuwa Tekun Atlantik na kilomita 800 zuwa 1400 ta hunturu, galibi zuwa Biritaniya da Ireland. Kimanin tsuntsaye 1000-1500 suna kasancewa a Iceland a lokacin hunturu, lambobin su kuma sun dogara da yanayin yanayi da wadatar abinci.
Bidiyo: Wanda Yaushe Swan
Yankin arewa maso yammacin Turai na ƙirar yawan jama'a a ko'ina cikin arewacin Scandinavia da arewa maso yamma Rasha, tare da karuwa da adadin nau'i-nau'i daga cikin kudu gaba (musamman a cikin ƙasashen Baltic: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania da Poland). Swans suna ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa hunturu, galibi a cikin Turai ta Turai, amma an san cewa wasu mutane sun isa kudu maso gabashin Ingila.
Tekun Bahar Maliya / gabashin Bahar Rum yana da mazaunin Yammacin Siberiya kuma, wataƙila, yamma da Urals, ana iya samun wasu matakan haɗe-haɗe tare da yawan Yammacin Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Siber / Tsarin Caspian. Yawan jama'ar Yammaci da Tsakiyar Siberiya / Caspian yawan jama'a. An ɗauka cewa yana da kiwo a Tsakiyar Siberiya kuma a lokacin hunturu tsakanin Tekun Caspian da Lake Balkhash.
Yawan mutanen gabashin Asiya ya yadu a cikin watanni na bazara a duk arewacin China da kuma taiga na gabashin Rasha da kuma lokacin bazara musamman a Japan, China da Korea. Ba a fahimci hanyoyin ƙaura ba sosai, amma ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kira da sa ido a gabashin Rasha, China, Mongolia da Japan.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Wanda Ya Yi Kama
Whooper Swan babban katako ne wanda tsawonsa ya kai mita 1.4 - 1.65. Namiji yana girma fiye da mace, a matsakaita mita 1.65 kuma yana nauyin kilo 10,8, yayin da mace yawanci take kilo 8.1. Girman fuka-fukan yana da mita 2.1 - 2.8.
Whooper Swan yana da farin farin daskararre, webbed da baƙar fata kafafu. Rabin beak shine orange-yellow (a gindi), kuma tip na baki ne. Waɗannan alamun a kan baki suna bambanta ga mutane daban-daban. Alamar launin rawaya yana shimfidawa ta hanyar zaren daga gindi zuwa kan hanci ko ma ya wuce su. Whooper swans kuma suna da yanayin tsaye a tsaye idan aka kwatanta da sauran swans, tare da ɗan lanƙwasa a gindin wuya da wuƙaƙƙen wuya a tsawon jimlar jiki. Kafafu da kafafuna yawanci baƙi ne, amma na iya zama ruwan hoda-mai launin shuɗi ko tare da ruwan hoda a ƙafafu.
Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye yawanci suna da farin zubewa, amma launin toka ma ba sabon abu bane. Isan gurnani mai launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi tare da kambi mai duhu mai duhu, ƙanƙana, kafadu da wutsiya. Rashin inganci a farkon farji shine launin toka-baki, duhu a kambi na kai. Waɗannan mutane suna zama fari a fari, a yanayi daban-daban, a lokacin hunturursu ta farko, kuma na iya ƙaruwa ta bazara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Whooper Swans suna da babban muryoyi, duka a lokacin rani da damuna, tare da kira masu kama da Buick swans, amma tare da saƙo mai zurfi, mai ban dariya. Andarfi da tsawo sun bambanta dangane da yanayin zamantakewar al'umma: daga bayanan tsaurara a lokacin tarurruka masu zafi da kukan nasara har zuwa sautin “tuntuɓar” tsakanin tsuntsaye da aka haɗa.
A cikin hunturu, ana yin amfani da kira sau da yawa don tabbatar da rinjaye a cikin fakitoci lokacin da isa tashar lokacin hunturu. Karrarawa da ke rakiyar shugaban suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye haɗin kan ma'aurata da dangi. Suna da ƙarfi sosai kafin ɗayan rikicewa, suna juyewa zuwa sauti mafi girma bayan jirgin. Youngaramin matasa masu saurin motsa jiki suna yin sauti mai nauyi a cikin matsala idan akwai matsaloli da kuma kira mafi sauƙi a wasu lokuta.
Kowace shekara daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, masu haila sukan jefa gashinsu a cikin wurin kiwo. Tsuntsaye masu hade suna da dabi'ar asynchronous don molt. Ba kamar Buick swans ba, inda dabbobi masu shekaru ɗaya ke gano su ta hanyar fuka-fukan gashin fuka-fuki, ƙyamar yawancin huhun hunturu ba a iya rarrabewa da yawan komputa.
A ina ne karyar swan ke zaune?
HOTO: Whooper Swan a cikin jirgin
Whooper swans suna da fadi da yawa kuma suna cikin yankin mai a cikin yankin Eurasia da kuma yawancin tsibiran da ke kusa. Suna ƙaura daruruwan ko dubun mil zuwa wuraren hunturu. Wadannan wayoyin sauyi suna yin ƙaura zuwa yankuna na hunturu a kusa da Oktoba kuma su koma ƙasarsu ta farko a watan Afrilu.
Whooper swans na asali a cikin Iceland, Yammacin Turai da Asiya. Suna yin ƙaura daga kudu zuwa hunturu zuwa yamma da tsakiyar Turai - a kusa da Tekun Baƙi, Aral da Caspian Seas, har ma da yankunan bakin teku na China da Japan. A Burtaniya, sun yi kiwo a arewacin Scotland, musamman a Orkney. Suna hunturu a arewaci da gabashin Ingila, haka kuma a cikin Ireland.
Tsuntsaye daga hunturu na Siberiya a cikin adadi kaɗan a Tsibirin Aleutian, Alaska. Baƙi wasu lokuta sukan tafi wani wuri a yammacin Alaska, kuma ba kasafai ake samun saukin yanayin hunturu a gaba kudu zuwa gabar tekun Pacific zuwa California ba. Kadaitacce da ƙananan gungu, waɗanda ba a taɓa ganin su a arewa maso gabas ba, ana iya tseratar da su daga bauta ko kuma a janye su daga Iceland.
Whooper mahaɗan mahaɗa kuma suna gina gida a gefen bankunan ruwan tsarkakakken ruwa, tabkuna, kogunan ruwa da ruwa mai zurfi. Sun fi son wuraren zama tare da tsire-tsire masu ƙwanƙwasawa, wanda na iya bayar da ƙarin kariya ga mazaunin su da kuma ɗigon sawu.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo karwan whooper daga Littafin nan Red. Bari mu ga abin da kyakkyawan tsuntsu yake ci?
Abin da ke ci a wace karuwa?
Hoto: Wayafi Swan daga littafin nan mai kyau
Whooper swans suna ciyar da tsire-tsire masu ruwa, amma kuma suna cin hatsi, ciyawa, da kayan aikin gona kamar alkama, dankali, da karas - musamman a lokacin hunturu lokacin da babu hanyoyin samun abinci.
Youngarayi ne kawai masu tasowa da masu tasowa ba su ciyar da kwari na ruwa da crustaceans, saboda suna da buƙatar furotin fiye da manya. Idan suka girma, abincinsu yakan canza zuwa tsiro wanda ya hada da ciyayi da ruwa.
A cikin ruwa mai kaifin gaske, wawanda ke iya amfani da kafafunsu mai karfi na tono a tono a laka mai ambaliyar, kuma kamar mallards, suna tsintar kansu, suna durkushe kawunansu da wuyoyinsu a karkashin ruwa don tona asirin tushensu, harbe da kabeji.
Whooper swans ciyar a kan invertebrates da ciyayi na ruwa. Dogon wuyansu yana ba su ɗanɗano a kan ƙananan duwatsun, saboda suna iya ciyar da ruwa mai zurfi fiye da geese ko ducks. Wadannan swans na iya ciyar a cikin ruwa har zuwa zurfin mita 1.2 ta hanyar fitar da tsirrai da ganyayyaki da kuma ganyayyaki na tsiro a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Hakanan Swans suna samin abinci ta hanyar tattara kayan shuka daga saman ruwan ko kuma a bakin ruwan. A cikin ƙasa, suna ciyar da hatsi da ciyawa. Tun tsakiyar 1900s, yanayin hunturursu ya canza kuma yanzu ya haɗa da ƙarin ciyar ƙasa.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
HOTO: Waccan Swann
Lokacin bukin swan keɓe don sadaukar da kai don wadatattun kayan abinci. Nesting yakan fara faruwa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuli. Suna zaune a wuraren da suke da wadataccen abinci, ruwa mara tsafta. Yawancin lokaci ma'aurata biyu ne kacal a cikin kandami ɗaya. Waɗannan wuraren wuraren nishaɗi sun kama daga 24,000 km² zuwa 607,000 km² kuma galibi ana samunsu kusa da wurin da macen ta ƙwace.
Mace ta zaɓi gida, kuma namiji yana kiyaye ta. Wataƙila Swanan uwan Swan suna iya komawa gida ɗaya idan a baya zasu iya yin nasarar raiseanzanayen a can. Ma'aurata za su iya gina sabon gida ko kuma a gyara mazaunin da suka yi amfani da shi a shekarun baya.
Gidajen girke-girke galibi ana samun su cikin dan ƙarami a tsawwala wuraren ruwa, misali:
- a saman tsoffin gidajen giya, dams ko shinge,
- a kan ciyayi masu girma, wanda ko ruwa yake ko kuma an daidaita shi a ƙasan ruwa,
- a kan ƙananan tsibirai.
Gina gida yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, kuma kammalawarsa na iya ɗaukar makonni biyu. Nami ya tattara ciyayi, ganyaye da shayi kuma yana wuce su ga mace. Da farko, sai ta ajiye kayan shuka a saman bene, sannan ta yi amfani da jikinta don samar da bacin rai da kwanciya qwai.
A gida ne m babban kwano bude. An rufe cikin gida daga ƙasa, gashin fuka-fukai da kayan shuka mai taushi da aka samo a cikin muhalli. Nests na iya isa ga nisan mita 1 zuwa 3.5 kuma akasari ana kewaye da ramin 6 zuwa 9 mita. Wannan ciyawar galibi tana cike da ruwa domin ya zama da wahala ga dabbobi masu shayarwa su isa gida.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Wajen Hawan Kaya
Whooper swans asali a cikin ruwa titunan ruwa, tafkunan, tafkuna da kuma jinkirin koguna. Yawancin swans suna samun abokan tarayya a ƙarƙashin shekaru 2 - yawanci a lokacin hunturu. Duk da cewa wasu daga cikinsu zasu iya yin sheke a karo na farko tun suna dan shekara biyu, yawancin basu fara ba har sai sunkai shekaru 3 zuwa 7.
Bayan sun isa yankin kiwo, ma'auratan sun shiga dabi'ar ma'aurata, wanda ya hada da girgiza kansa da kuma karo da fikafikansu masu rawar jiki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wandi swan dabbar suna zama koyaushe tsawon rayuwa, kuma suna kasancewa tare a cikin shekara, tare da haɗu tare cikin ƙaura. Koyaya, an lura cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna canza abokan rayuwa a duk rayuwarsu, musamman bayan dangantaka ta kasa, kuma wasu waɗanda suka rasa abokan aikinsu ba su sake yin aure ba.
Idan namiji ya yi tarayya da wata ƙaramar yarinya, yawanci yakan je wurinsa ne. Idan ya haɗu da tsohuwar mace, zai tafi da ita. Idan mace ta rasa mijinta, yawanci tana haɗu da sauri, tana zaɓar ƙaramin saurayi.
Ma'aurata da ke da alaƙa suna da zama tare a duk shekara, kodayake, a waje da lokacin kiwo, suna da yawa a cikin jama'a kuma galibi suna haɗuwa tare da wasu dama. Koyaya, a lokacin kiwo, ma'aurata za su killace yankunansu da ƙarfi.
Ana kwanciya ƙwai a kwai daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa Yuni, wani lokacin ma kafin a kammala shelar. Mace ta sanya kwai ɗaya kowace rana. Yawancin lokaci a cikin cuku 5-6 farin ƙwai. Koyaya, a wasu halaye an samo shi har zuwa 12. Idan wannan shine saka mace ta farko, tabbas akwai ƙarancin ƙwai, kuma mafi yawan waɗannan ƙwayayen suna da rashin haihuwa. Kayan kwai yana da faɗin kusan 73 mm da tsawon 113.5 mm, yana ɗaukar kimanin 320 g.
Da zaran an gama kwanciya, mace za ta fara sanya kwai, wanda zai kai kwanaki 31. A wannan lokacin, namiji zai kasance kusa da wurin da ake kera shi kuma yana kare mace daga masu farauta. A cikin lokuta masu rauni sosai, namiji zai iya taimakawa a cikin qwai na qwai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokacin shiryawa, mace ta fita daga gida kawai don gajerun lokuta don cin ciyawar dake kusa, yin iyo ko tsintsiya. Koyaya, kafin ta fita daga gida, za ta rufe ƙwai da kayan adon don ɓoye su. Hakanan namiji zai zauna nan kusa don kare gida.
Wanda Wake Sojojin Halitta
Ayyukan ɗan adam suna barazanar duk wanda ke jujjuyawa.
Irin waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da:
- farauta,
- gida lalata
- farauta,
- asarar mazauni da lalacewa, gami da dawo da filayen tsibiri da gabar ruwa, musamman a Asiya.
Barazana ga mazaunin swan mazaunin sun hada da:
- fadada noma,
- overgrazing (misali tumaki),
- magudanan ruwa na ban ruwa domin ban ruwa,
- yankan ciyayi domin ciyar da dabbobi don hunturu,
- ci gaban hanya da gurbataccen mai daga binciken mai,
- aiki da sufuri,
- damuwa daga yawon shakatawa.
Har yanzu dai ana farauta game da farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba, ana samun rikice-rikice tare da layin wutar lantarki wanda ya zama sanadin mutuwar musababin balaguron sanyi a arewa maso yammacin Turai. Cutar gubar da ke hade da hadiye abubuwan Shots yayin gifin kifi har yanzu matsala ce, tare da kaso mai yawa na mutanen da akayi binciken suna dauke da matakan gubar dalma. An san nau'in cutar da cutar murar tsuntsaye, wanda kuma hakan ya cutar da tsuntsayen.
Don haka, barazanar da ke faruwa a halin yanzu ga bambancin yanayi sun bambanta ta wuri, tare da dalilan lalata da asarar mazauninsu, gami da haɓaka haɓakawa, haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa, haɓaka tsibiran tsibiri da wurare masu zurfi don shirye-shiryen fadada gona, gina tsirrai masu ruwa, da damuwa daga yawon shakatawa. da zubar da mai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Wanda Ya Yi Kama
Alkaluman kididdigar sun nuna cewa, yawan mutanen duniya da ke kunshewar tsuntsaye shine tsuntsaye 180,000, yayin da aka kiyasta yawan mutanen Rasha da ke da nau'i-nau'i na 10,000-100,000 da kuma mutane kusan 1,000,000,000 masu hunturu. Yawan jama'a na Turai an kiyasta 25 300-32 800 nau'i-nau'i, wanda ya dace da 50 600-65 500 waɗanda suka manyanta. Gabaɗaya, a halin yanzu ana rarrabe sauyin inanjin a cikin littafin Red kamar yadda waɗanda basu da haɗari sosai. Yawan jama'ar wannan nau'in suna da daidaituwa a yanzu, amma yawanta yana sa kimantawa da wahala.
Wandaoper Swan ya nuna gagarumar karuwa a yawan jama'a da fadada shi a cikin Arewacin Turai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.An ba da rahoton farkon kiwo a cikin 1999, kuma a cikin 2003, an ba da rahoton kiwo a cikin makirci na biyu. Tun daga 2006, yawan wuraren kiwo ya karu cikin sauri, kuma a halin yanzu an bayar da rahoton cewa nau'in jinsin ya zama cikin wurare 20. Koyaya, aƙalla rukunoni bakwai aka watsar bayan shekara ɗaya ko fiye da kiwo, wanda ya haifar da raguwar tazara na ɗan lokaci bayan yearsan shekaru.
Furtherarin ci gaba da haɓakar whoan sirin yawan zai iya haifar da haɓaka gasa tare da sauran asirin, amma akwai wasu wuraren masu kiwo da yawa ba tare da kasancewar swans ba. Whooper swans suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tasirin ayyukan tsirrai na al'umma saboda yawan albarkatun halittun da suka lalace lokacin da suke ciyar da abincinsu mai zurfi, Fennel, wanda ke motsa haɓar tafkuna a zurfin zurfafa.
Zafar Swan
Hoto: Wayafi Swan daga littafin nan mai kyau
An gabatar da kariyar doka ta wayewa daga farauta ta hanyar farauta (misali, a cikin 1885 a Iceland, a 1925 a Japan, a 1927 a Sweden, a 1954 a Burtaniya, a 1964 a Rasha).
Matsakaicin yadda ake aiwatar da dokar ya ci gaba da canzawa, musamman a wurare masu nisa. Hakanan ana kiyaye lafiyar jinsin daidai da taron duniya, kamar Jagorar Bird na Al'umma (nau'in Karin Shafi 1) da Taron Berne (nau'in Karin Shafi II). An kuma haɗa yawan jama'ar Iceland, Tekun bahar da Yammacin Asiya a rukunin A (2) a Yarjejeniyar kan Tsarin Afirka da Eurasian Waterfowl (AEWA), waɗanda aka haɓaka bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Migratory.
Ayyukan na yanzu don kare swans na zamani sune kamar haka:
- Mafi yawan al'adun wannan nau'in ana bayyana su a matsayin yanki na sha'awar kimiyya da yankuna na musamman na kariya,
- Tsarin Gudanar da karkara na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma da Raya karkara da Tsarin Muhalli Mai Saurin Mahalli sun haɗa da matakan kariya da haɓaka mazaunin gandun daji,
- lura da manyan shafuka na shekara-shekara gwargwadon tsarin Tsuntsaye na Tsuntsu na Wetland,
- ƙidayar yau da kullun na yawan jama'a.
Zafar Swan - babban farin swan, wanda baƙar fata baki yana da halayyar babban tabarau na launin shuɗi. Dabbobin ban mamaki dabbobi ne, suna yin aure sau ɗaya har tsawon rayuwarsu, kawunansu kuma suna tare da su duk lokacin hunturu. Whooper swans asali a cikin Arewacin Turai da Asiya kuma suna ƙaura zuwa Ingila, Ireland, Kudancin Turai da Asiya zuwa hunturu.
Siffofin
Whooper swan yana yaduwa daga Arewacin Turai (Sweden, Scotland-Norway) zuwa Tsakiya (Russia, Mongolia) da Gabashin Asia (Japan). Wannan nau'in mallakar tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura - a tsakiyar watan Satumba, tsuntsaye sukan tashi zuwa gabar arewacin Tekun Bahar Rum da Tekun Caspian, zuwa Indiya, China. Tsuntsayen sun koma ƙasarsu a ƙarshen rabin lokacin bazara, idan da dare zazzabi ba su saukar da ƙasa ba.
Lockaura na Whooper Migratory Swans
Tsuntsaye suna tashi da tsakar dare da rana, suna sauka suna hutawa don wuraren hutawa. Haya a cikin karamin garken mutane 10-15 a cikin weji. Saboda tsarin fuka-fuka na musamman, sun sami damar hawa zuwa sama har kilomita 8.
Al'adun dabbobi
Sunan Klikun yana da sauti mai ƙarfi, kamar busa ƙaho, wanda ke yin gudu. Kamar dai yana jin daɗin maƙwabta ne akan bakin kogon don kar ya ɓace. Lokacin da tsuntsu mai nauyi ya tafi, ya zama dole a tura shi daga ruwan sau da yawa tare da hanunsa - a gudu, yayin da yake kunna fikafikan sa.
Ana la'akari da Swans mai natsuwa, wani lokacin har ma da jinkirin dabbobi. Amma, idan kwatsam kuna son kama tsuntsu, da wuya ku iya yin shi koda a kan jirgin ruwa. Amma a kan ƙasa, fuka-fukai ba zai iya isa irin wannan saurin ba, sabili da haka ku tafi can da wuya kuma ba da daɗewa ba.
Whooper fi son zama a cikin nau'i-nau'i kuma shirya a fakitoci kawai na tsawon lokacin jirgin. Tsuntsu yana ƙirƙirar ɗaya don tsawon rayuwarsa. Koyaya, bayan mutuwar kullun, yana iya samun sabon abokin tarayya wanda shima zai sami dogon lokaci da dangantaka mai ƙarfi.
Strangersaukacin baƙi suna ƙiyayya - suna tsoma baki tare da farauta a yankin su, yaƙi, fitarwa. Saboda haka, Klikun yana haɗuwa da mummunan tsuntsu - yana da kyau ka iyakance taron su.
Babban manufar Swan din a cikin kasar shine ado. Tsayawa waɗannan tsuntsayen yanzu ya zama mai gaye da kyan gani. Lokaci ne kawai ana noma su don dalilai na kasuwanci:
- fluff a cikin samar da kayan gado,
- Ana amfani da fuka-fukai da fatalwa a masana'antar masana'anta,
- kitse na yanka.
Koyaya, kiwo swans don tattalin arziki bashi da tasiri kamar haɓaka ducks ɗaya ko geese iri ɗaya. Better kawai sha'awan kyawawan tsuntsaye masu girman kai.
Tun da fari wace hanya ce ta magudanan ruwa, kasancewar ana amfani da tafki kamar sharadin abubuwan kiwo. Yana da kyau idan kuna da kandami, tafki ko kogi kusa da faci na ƙananan reeda baya da ruwa mai sanyin.
Rashin tafki na iya biyan diyya ta hanyar kirkirar tafkin mara amfani a shafin.
Halittar wani tafki mai wucin gadi
Mataki na 1. Zaɓi wurin da yake rana a kan rukunin yanar gizo, kyauta daga bishiyoyi da inuwa don akalla 5 hours a rana.
Misalin wani shafin yanar gizon don ƙirƙirar tafki na wucin gadi
Mataki na 2 Yanke shawara game da siffar da girman tafki. Zaɓi sigogi don dandano ku, amma ku tuna cewa yakamata a sami isasshen wuri don yin iyo na babban tsuntsu.
Yankin da aka tanadi ruwa mafi kyau, mafi kyau wa ke
Mataki na 3 Da farko tono iyakar kandami a cikin nau'ikan da kuka zaɓa.
Wajibi ne a tono moat - iyakar wani tafki na wucin gadi
Mataki na 4 Fara digo ginin tushe na zurfin da ake bukata.
Ruwa rami domin rami na gaba
Mataki na 5. Rufe ƙasa tare da fim na ruwa mai ruwa na musamman.
Shirye shirye domin kandami
Mataki na 6 Yi ado a kasan da gefuna na kandami don dandano.
Misalin Abun Wuya na Gida
Mataki na 7 Cire da rufe fuska fim.
Mataki na 8 A ruwa ko bakin teku ya zama dole a sanya gadoji, kananan rago ko gidaje - wasu lokuta tsuntsaye sukan fito daga cikin ruwa su ɓoye a cikin su daga wuta, misali.
Misali na shirya sararin tafiya don swans
Rami shine ɗayan manyan wuraren shakatawar rana, damar yin tafiya da iyo. A kewayen kandami zaka iya shigar da shinge na babban raga don tafiya da tashi da gajerun nesa. Tare da kewaye, sanya takaddun ajiya da kuma wigwams mai iska daga reeds, simulating yankin bakin teku.
Yatsa pruning
'Yan koran babu shakka dabbobi masu son dabbobi ne na son rai, don haka wani lokaci suna buƙatar sake su don tashi cikin daji. Yana yiwuwa wasu mutane su bar wurin kiwo a wani wuri. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta, tsuntsayen asali waɗanda aka tashe a cikin bauta, sun saba da kulawar ɗan adam, suna dawowa. Idan kun damu da wannan, yanke sashin farko na dabbobi zuwa 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwar. Ana aiwatar da hanyar tare da maganin almakashi mai zafi wanda aka lalata, kuma an kula da yanke tare da aidin.
Tsarin aiki don datsa reshen tsuntsu
Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin bazara abun ciki na haihuwar - tsuntsaye kusan suna zaɓar lokaci don tafiya, yin iyo da kwanciya a tafkin ku, lokaci-lokaci suna zagaye da ita kuma suna shakatawa a cikin gidaje.
Duk da cewa a cikin daji, tsuntsaye suna tashi daga kudu, wasun su suna ci gaba da yin hunturu. Wannan yana nuna juriyarsu na sanyi - Whoopers zai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 30 kasa da sifiri. Mutane samfurori daban-daban suna kan ruwa, koda bayan daskarewa ne.
Koyaya, ga masu tsananin sanyi kuma don guje wa sanyi, kuna buƙatar gina gida tare da irin waɗannan sigogin:
- Kula da dumin zafin jiki ba lallai ba ne, amma ya kamata ya fi yadda ya kamata ya kasance kan titi da kuma kullun,
- Ya kamata dakin ya kasance da iska mai kyau don guje wa gurɓatar gas da laima. A lokaci guda, ba za a yarda da zancen da zai haifar da sanyi ba,
- kasancewar windows - a tsayi daga santimita 50-100,
- yi bene na itace kuma rufe shi da hay (layin zuriyar dabbobi - har zuwa 10 santimita), wanda dole ne a canza shi lokaci-lokaci yayin da ya zama datti.
Yakamata dakin ya kasance mai fa'ida saboda yadda mayu suke jin kwanciyar hankali. Aƙalla mil 1 na kowane ɗaya. Hakanan zaka iya raba yankin zuwa sassan, a cikin kowane ɗayan dabba guda ko ƙaramin saurayi zai rayu. A cikin gidaje iri ɗaya, ana iya fitar da tsuntsaye da dare kuma a lokacin rani.
Yawan ciyarwa
A cikin daji, tushen abincin yau da kullun shine abincin asalin shuka, kusan 20% an kasafta shi ga samfuran dabbobi (ƙananan invertebrates, tsutsotsi, kwari). Dole a bi ka'idodin guda ɗaya a cikin gidan, ƙara game da 10% na hatsi a rana.
A cikin abincin yau da kullun na dabba guda ɗaya, abubuwa masu amfani dole ne su kasance.
Suna | Weight a cikin milligrams |
---|---|
Potium na iodide | 8 |
Cobalt chloride | 10 |
Sinadarin zinc | 30 |
Manganese Sulfate | 100 |
Bakin sulphate | 10 |
Baƙin ƙarfe | 100 |
Carotene (raka'a) | 10000 |
Thiamine | 2 |
Riboflavin | 4 |
Niacin | 20 |
Pyridoxine | 4 |
A acid nicotinic | 20 |
Cyanocobalamin (micrograms) | 12 |
Folic acid | 1,5 |
Vitamin C | 50 |
Cholecalciferol (raka'a) | 1500 |
Harshen Tocopherol | 10 |
Kusan dukkanin waɗannan abubuwa ana samunsu a gero, alkama, Peas, da dankali. Karas suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin carotene, kuma albasa suna da arziki a cikin sulfates. Tsarin menu na ranar yayi kama da wannan:
- sanyin safiya - asuba, hatsi, tushen shukar albarkatu, ambaliya da ruwa mai yawa,
- abincin rana (da kuma a ko'ina cikin rana) - tafiya a cikin share da kandami tare da cin ciyawa a cikin adadin mai yawa, rigar abinci,
- kafin faɗuwar rana - maimaita karin kumallo.
Dogaro da wannan tebur kuma bisa ga misali, zaku iya ƙirƙirar abincin dabbobi da kanku.
Littafin yana bayanin fasalin abincin swans a cikin hunturu da bazara, a kan tudu da ruwa, kuma yana ba da girke-girke don ciyar da gida.
Lokacin bazara
Haɗa tare da nishaɗi suna cin ciyawar da aka yanke sosai, halayen kirki zuwa ga ciyarwar da aka haɗa. Zai fi kyau ka dafa fili don ciyar da kanka - saboda haka ba wai kawai ka adana ba ne, har ma ka tabbatar da abubuwan da aka haɗa na samfuran (wanda aka jera a cikin tebur).
Suna | Adadin a cikin grams |
---|---|
Boiled Peas | 70 |
Steamed hatsi | 80 |
Dabbobin | 30 |
Alkama alkama | 25 |
Gero | 100 |
Tafasa gero | 25 |
Steamed sha'ir | 40 |
Gurasar fari | 150 |
Gurasa baƙar fata | 70 |
Gwoza | 20 |
Karas | 150 |
Boiled dankali | 70 |
Albasa | 10 |
Kabeji | 50 |
Yankakken nama | 30 |
Kifi minced | 70 |
Manyan samfuran suna buƙatar yankakken su ko yankakken. Hada dukkan kayan abinci a babban kwano daya. Cika da ruwa domin cakuda ya sami kayan kwalliyar kwalliya.
Misalin abincin tsuntsayen rani ana iya bayanin shi kamar haka:
- kananan guda na abinci, hatsi - 250 grams,
Asalin suna
Sun kirawo Siwan a matsayin kafirci don fitaccen kuma mai yanayin rawar son kai, sautin busawa. Mafi sau da yawa, tsuntsaye suna ba da murya a cikin bazara, a lokacin lokacin kiwo, a lokacin jirgin sama, har ma da haɗari. Sauti ana rarrabe su da yawan su, tsawon lokaci da bayyanar su. Don sadarwa tare da jariran, tsuntsaye sun fi son dannawa mai natsuwa, idan akwai fushi sai su kara sauti kamar maciji mai sa hawaye, kuma a yanayi na yau da kullun suna yin "danna" da yawa, wasu lokuta ana jin su tsawon mil da yawa.
Swan tsare
Whoopers suna cikin jinsin kariya na musamman kuma an jera su a cikin littafin tarihi na Red International na ƙasashe da yawa. Yawan nau'in suna raguwa koyaushe saboda ci gaban ɗan adam na ƙasashe wanda yasa canjin kifi, da kuma sakamakon gurɓatar ruwan teku.
Koyaya, koyaya, a wasu yankuna na ƙasarmu, yana yiwuwa ba wai kawai a maido da cikakkiyar kulawa ba, har ma don ƙara yawan wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu.
Don haka a shekara ta 2007, an cire wata yarinya daga Littafin Red na Karelia - aikin adana jinsin ya fi nasara. Amma farauta don karuwai yana ƙarƙashin tsananin dokar yau. Musamman manyan mutane a kan yankin Karelian Republic an lura dasu a gabar tekun Fasha da Lake Onega. A wasu yankuna, lamarin yafi bakin ciki. A cikin Perm Territory, akwai 'yan wurare kaɗan inda karuwai ke gida. Kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, nau'ikan tsuntsaye biyu ne kawai suka koma wurin da ake farauto su. Kimanin nau'i-nau'i 300 a kowace shekara a cikin Altai Territory, kodayake a baya yawan mutanen da suka koma wuraren karatunsu sun wuce dubu da yawa.
Bambanci daga wasu nau'in halittu
Mafi sau da yawa ana kiran rikice-rikice tare da dangi na kusa - ƙananan swans da na bewan Swan. Bayanin tsuntsayen suna kama da juna, amma akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa. Whooper Swan ya bambanta da swan na bebe ta hanyar rashin bayyanar mazugi a bayyane, da kuma wuyansa. Hakanan zaka iya bambanta daga sma na bebe ta gajeriyar wutsiya, tare da fuka-fuki a madaidaiciya, da matsi zuwa jiki. Manyan girma dabam sun bambanta daga Siwan Siwani. Launin launin baki a cikin alfarwa shine galibi launin rawaya, ba baƙar fata.
Alamar kasa ta kasa
Idan mutane da yawa sun sani game da amincin swan, to ba kowa ne zai amsa wannan tambayar ba: wanne alama ce ƙasa ce sigar baƙon? Tsuntsu ya mallaki matsayi mai daraja a cikin makwabciyarmu - Finland. A can ne cewa amaryar ba alama ce ta ƙasa ba kawai - a cikin ƙasar akwai kyakkyawar al'adar wannan tsuntsu mai dusar ƙanƙara. Duk da cewa yawan tsuntsayen yana karuwa koyaushe, farautarsu yana ƙarƙashin dokar hana fita. Kalmar Jousten (da aka fassara - swan) a cikin kasar ana kiranta kamfanoni da yawa, kuma alamar dake nuna alamar wannan tsuntsu alama ce ta inganci da samfurori da aka yi daga kayan ƙawancen albarkatun ƙasar Finnish. Ko da tsabar kudin Tarayyar Yuro ɗaya a cikin Finland yana nuna alamun biyu. A yawancin wurare na ƙasar, ana yin biki kowane bazara - dawowar tsuntsayen zuwa mazaunin su.
Hoton wani Swan a cikin tatsuniyoyi da almara
A cikin Rasha, whooper shi ma yana da alaƙa ta musamman. Don haka a cikin Yakuts, swans na dabbobi ne na totem, kuma mutanen Ainu suna da imani cewa mutane sun fito ne daga wasu 'yan mata biyu. Hoton farin dusar ƙanƙara-fari ana iya samo shi ta cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa. A wasu, tsuntsayen suna cikin hidimar halayen marasa kyau, a cikin wasu kuma suna wakiltar sojojin kirki. A cikin labarin adabin aure, siffar Siwi koyaushe yana alaƙa da soyayya da aminci. Abin da ya sa kawai don bukukuwan aure da waɗanda ke yin aure kawai an yarda su ci gasashe.
Kyakkyawan fararen tsuntsaye da tsoffin Helenawa ba a yin watsi da su. Milky Way a cikin tsohuwar Girka ana kiranta Hanyar Swan. A lokacin hijirar bazara, hanyar tashi ta sunguni mai saukar ungulu ya hade da wurin a sararin samaniya Milky Way. Hakanan Girkawa sun ba sunan suna Swan ga ɗayan taurarin arewacin Hemisphere. Tsarin taurari yayi kama da siffar Swan ɗin da ta tashi.