Daga cikin duk masu ƙaddarawar ƙasa, damisa ta zama na biyu ne kawai da beyar mai girma. Akwai dabbobin guda shida na wannan dabbar a duniya, kuma ta fi kowa - Bengal. Hakanan mafi girma: rikodin mallakar dabba ne mai nauyin kilo 388.7. Tigen Bengal yana zaune a Pakistan, Gabashin Iran, Indiya, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar da Bangladesh.
Yaya kamannin Bengal?
Launin tiger ya bambanta daga launin rawaya zuwa haske mai ruwan lemu, kuma ratsi daga duhu zuwa duhu, ciki fari. Arfin canjin na Bengal - farin damisa, yana da duhu mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi akan fari. Kadan gama gari cikakke ne farin damisa, ba tare da ratsi.
Jimlar jiki, gami da wutsiya, tsakanin maza yawanci tsakanin 270 zuwa 340 cm, yayin da mace daga 240 zuwa 290 cm.The tsawo a ƙ theƙasassu daga 90 zuwa 115 cm.
Matsakaicin nauyin maza shine kimanin kilogram 250. Yawan nauyin da aka kashe a arewacin Indiya a shekarar 1967 shine kilo 388.7. Matsakaicin nauyin mata shine kimanin kilogram 150.
Yawanci, Tiger yana da kusan makada ɗari, kuma wurin su na musamman ne, kamar yadda yatsan yatsa. Fatar fata ma an shanye - idan ya lalace ko aski, zai yi girma bisa ga tsarin jama'a.
Mafarauta
Lamirin Bengal shine ainihin mafiya karfi a cikin daji. Jiyowarsa, da aka ji fiye da kilomita 3, ya sa duk mazaunan gandun daji gudu. Bayan haka, yana yin ta daji, barewa, boars daji, ba ya ƙin mugunta, kuma yana kawo tsoro ga birai. Wannan mai mallakar santimita goma - mafi tsayi tsakanin feline - canines wani lokacin harda kai hari ga giwayen matasa. Yunkurin ɓoyewa daga damo a cikin kogi ba ya haifar da nasara. Wadannan magabatan suna ƙauna kuma sun san yadda ake iyo, saboda haka suna iya riskar waɗanda ke cutar a cikin ruwa a sauƙaƙe. Lokacin da suka ƙoshi, sai su huta kuma wataƙila ba za su ci wani lokaci ba.
Neman ganima, damisa yana iya shawo kan wuraren bude ido, tilasta koguna da kuma ratsa dazuzzuka. Yana da matukar wahala a dakatar da irin wannan "abin hawa."
Twararrun majiyoyi mara ƙwarewa wani lokacin suna kai hari a kan porcupine, daga abin da suke karɓar "azaman rikewa" da yawa, dogayen layuka da kaifi waɗanda suka soke fuskokinsu. Wadannan allura suna shiga zurfi cikin fatar, suna haifar da ciwo mai zafi akai-akai, wani lokacin kuma yakan haifar da kumburi. Maharbi mara lafiya ba shi da ikon farautar manyan ganima kuma yana ƙoƙarin zaɓar ƙananan waɗanda aka cutar ... kuma wani lokacin ba da son rai ba, daga yunwar, ya zama cannibal.
An shigar da shi a cikin littafin Aljihu
A yau kusan damis na Bengal 2,500 suna zaune a duniya. Wannan dabbar alamar alama ce ta ƙasa na jihohi biyu - Bangladesh da Indiya. An lissafta shi a cikin Littafin Rubuce-Rubuce, amma duk da haka ya ci gaba da wahala daga masu ba da fatawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin 1972, an ƙaddamar da aikin Tiger a Indiya, maƙasudin shine don adana waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu kyau a ƙasar.
A wasu wuraren shakatawa, za a iya yaba tigers na Bengal. Anan, aƙalla, masu ba da izini ba sa yin barazanar da su.
Bayanin Bengal Tiger
Wani fasali na sanyin Bengal wani nau'in abu ne mai jan hankali, kaifi mai kaifi sosai, kazalika da wutsiya mai karfin gaske da kuma jaws mai karfin gaske. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, mai farautar yana da ingantaccen tsarin ji da hangen nesa, don haka wadannan dabbobin zasu iya gani daidai ko da cikin duhu. Tsawon tsalle tsinkayen karami shine 8 - 9 m, kuma saurin motsi a takaice nisa ya kai 60 km / h. Tigers na Benig Adult na bacci kusan awanni goma sha bakwai a rana.
Bayyanar
Launin launin toka na Bengal ya bambanta da launin rawaya zuwa ruwan lemo mai haske, kuma ratsi a kan fata launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ne, launin ruwan cakulan duhu ko baƙi. Abar dabbar tana da fararen fata, wutsiya kuma fari ce, amma tana da alamu zoben halayyar. Don maye gurbi na ƙarancin Bengal - farin damisa, kasancewar launin duhu ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi mai launin fari ko haske ne halayyar. Babu shakka babuƙararrun fari fari ne, ba tare da kasancewar ratsi a kan Jawo ba.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Matsakaicin ɗaukar nauyi ga ɗa wanda aka kashe a arewacin Indiya ƙasa da ƙarni da suka wuce shine kilo 388.7. Har wa yau, waɗannan sune bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙimar nauyi mafi girman rijista a cikin yanayin yanayi tsakanin dukkanin sanannun maɓallin damisa.
Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum na maigirma Bengal damisa mai dauke da wutsiya shine 2.7-3.3 m ko dan kadan, da kuma mata 2.40-2.65 m Matsakaicin tsutsotsin wutsiya shine 1.1 m tare da tsayi a ƙ atƙasassun 90 -115 cm.Mutai a Bengal a halin yanzu suna da mafi girman fannonin duk sanannun wakilan dangin cat. Tsawonsu zai iya wuce 80-90 mm. Matsakaicin nauyin mazan da suka manyanta shine 223-275 kg, amma nauyin jikin wasu, musamman manya-manya, ya kai kilogiram 300-320. Matsakaicin nauyin mace mai girma shine 139.7-135 kg, kuma matsakaicin nauyin jikinta ya kai kilogiram 193.
Rayuwa, halayya
Irin waɗannan dabbobi masu tsinkaye kamar tsuntsayen Bengal suna rayuwa, galibi ba su ba. Wasu lokuta, don takamaiman dalili, zasu sami damar haɗuwa cikin fewan ƙungiyoyi, gami da mafi yawan mutane uku ko hudu. Kowane ɗan adam yana da matukar ƙarfi yana kiyaye yankinsa, kuma ana jin rurin maƙiyin har ma da nisan kilomita uku.
Kwakwalwar Bengal ba dare ba rana, kuma a lokacin rana waɗannan dabbobin sun gwammace su sami ƙarfi da walwala. Andarfi da tsufa, maharbi mai sauri wanda ke farauta da maraice ko a sanyin safiya, da wuya ya kasance ba tare da ganima ba.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Duk da girman girman sa, damar Bengal tayi saurin hawa bishiyoyi kuma ta hau rassan, haka kuma yin iyo sosai kuma baya tsoron tsoron ruwa.
Yankin wurin kowane ɗaya daga cikin magabatansu ya ƙunshi yanki tsakanin 30-3000 km 2, kuma maza musamman suna iyakance iyakokin wannan rukunin yanar gizon tare da feginsu, fitsari da abin da ake kira "scrapers". A wasu halaye, wani ɓangare na namiji ya rabu da ɓangarorin mata da yawa waɗanda basu da yanki.
Farin farin benig
Wani fifiko shine karamin adadin farin fari na Benigon Tiger (Panther tigris tigris var. Alba), masana kimiyya daga ƙasashen waje ke ɗaukarsu azaman ado don wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi. A cikin daji, irin waɗannan mutane ba za su iya yin farauta ba a lokacin rani, don haka a zahiri ba su faruwa a cikin yanayin yanayin. Wani lokacin wanda yake bayyana farin damisa a cikin mazauninsu na asali mutane ne da ke da maye gurbi irin na maye. An bayyana irin wannan launi mai sauƙi ta wurin masana ta sharuddan rashin isassun kayan launi. Farin farin ya sha bamban da na ɗan'uwansa tare da jan fata a canza launin shuɗi mara kyau na idanu.
Habitat, mazauni
Dukkanin alamun da aka sani yanzu na damisa, gami da damarar Bengal, suna da launi mai launi wanda ya dace da dukkan fasalin mazauninsu na asali. Tsuntsayen da ke yanke hukunci sun yadu a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, fadama mangoro, savannahs, a cikin tsaunukan da ke da nisan mil dubu uku sama da matakin teku.
Tigen Bengal suna zaune a Pakistan da Gabashin Iran, a Tsakiya da Arewacin India, a Nepal da Bhutan, haka kuma a Bangladesh da Myanmar. An samo dabbobi masu tsinkayen wannan nau'in a kusa da bakin kogin Indus da Ganges, Ravvi da Satlidzh. Yawan irin wannan dambar ƙasa da mutane dubu biyu da dubu dari biyu, tare da haɗarin raguwa. Har wa yau, damarar Bengal mallakar nau'ikan da damammakin shayar ne, kuma an lalata ta gaba daya a Afghanistan.
Abincin Bengal Tiger
Manyan Bengal damisau sun iya farauta iri-iri, manyan dabbobi, wadanda kwari da kwari da barewa, barewa da tururuwa, awaki, buffalos da gauras, giwaye matasa. Hakanan, ganima irin wannan maharbanci yakan zama damisa, kyarkeci, kyanyasai da dawakai, ba manya manya ba.
Tigen ya ki ya ciyar da wasu kananan kananan rafuffuka, wadanda suka hada da kwaro, kifi, badakaloli da birai, kifayen macizai, da tsuntsaye, da kuma kwari.. Tigers ba sa raina kowane irin nau'ikan kaya. Wani maɓallin Bengal mai tsufa ya kwashe kilo 35-40 na nama a abinci ɗaya, amma bayan irin wannan “liyafa” dabbar da ke cin abinci na iya matsananciyar yunwa na kimanin sati uku.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ya kamata a sani cewa maza na daman Bengal ba sa cin zomaye da kifi, da kuma mata na wannan nau'in, ya yi akasin haka, suna cin irin waɗannan abincin da son rai.
Tigen Bengal suna da haƙuri sosai, suna iya kallon ganimarsu na dogon lokaci kuma suna zaɓan lokacin da ya dace don ƙaƙƙarfan hukunci ɗaya mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi. Wanda aka zaɓa wanda damisar Bengal ke kashewa yayin aikin ɓarna ko ta hanyar kasala na kashin baya. Hakanan sanannun sanannun lokuta ne yayin da dabbar dabba mai kama da wannan nau'in ta afkawa mutane. Tigers suna kashe ƙananan ganima tare da cizo a cikin wuya. Bayan kisan, ana canza kaya zuwa wuri mafi aminci, inda ake aiwatar da abinci mai natsuwa.
Kiwo da zuriya
Mace na damarar Bengal ta isa ga balaga cikin shekaru uku ko hudu, kuma maza sun zama balaga ne kawai cikin shekaru hudu zuwa biyar. Mazajen Tiger sun yi aure tare da mata kaɗai a ƙasarsu. Namiji da ya manyanta zai zauna tare da mace a duk lokacin haila, zai dawwama kwana 20-80. Haka kuma, matsakaicin matsakaicin adadin matakin jima'i bai wuce kwanaki 3-7 ba. Nan da nan bayan tsari na dabbar ta hanyar mace, sai namiji ya koma shafin nasa, saboda haka, baya shiga cikin haihuwar zuriya. Duk da cewa lokacin kiwo yana kasancewa tsawon shekara, amma mafi girmanwa yana sauka akan lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu.
Lokacin haihuwar Benig Tigar kamar kwana 98-110, bayan haka haihuwar yara biyu zuwa hudu. Wani lokaci a cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai 'yan awar rago biyu. Matsakaicin nauyin kitse shine 900-1300 g. Sabbin yara 'yan kunnuwan makafi ne gaba daya kuma basa taimako, don haka suna bukatar kulawa da gaggawa na hanzari cikin gaggawa. Yarinya a cikin mace ya kai har tsawon watanni biyu, daga baya mahaifiyar ta fara ciyar da 'ya'yanta a hankali da nama.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Duk da cewa daga shekaru sha daya da watanni shadawa suna da ikon farauta da kansu, suna ƙoƙarin kasancewa tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekara ɗaya da rabi, wani lokacin ma har shekaru uku.
Bengal tiger yara ne mai saurin wasa kuma masu matukar son ganewa.. Lokacin da shekara ɗaya shekara, damisar kunar bakin wake zata iya kashe dabba da ba ta yi yawa ba. Havingana mafi ƙanƙanyan ɗabi'unsu, yara kanana sune mai daɗin ganima ga zaki da tsuntsaye. Maza masu girma da girma da damisa suna barin gidan "mahaifin" don su kafa ƙasarsu, kuma mace ta fi son zama a kan mahaifiyarsu.
Abokan halitta
Akwai wasu makiya a dabi'ance a cikin damisa Bengal, kamar haka, basa nan. Hauren giwaye, buffalos da raguna ba sa cin nama a jikin damisa, saboda haka mafarautan na iya zama ganima ne kawai kwatsam. Babban abokin gaba na "Bengalis" sune mutanen da suke ba da kashin mai sihiri tare da kaddarorin warkarwa da kuma amfani dasu a madadin magani. Sau da yawa ana amfani da naman naman tagar Bengal don shirya jita-jita daban-daban masu ban mamaki, kuma maƙallan fulawa, vibrissa da kyankyasai suna cikin buƙata a cikin yin gwangwani.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
An jera jigon Bengal a cikin Jeri na Red IUCN azaman nau'in haɗari, da kuma a cikin Babban taron CITES. A yau akan duniyarmu, akwai kimanin mutane 3250-4700 na tiger na Bengal, gami da dabbobi da ke rayuwa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi da ke ci gaba da zagaye. Babban barazanar da ake yi wa jinsin shine farauta da lalata halayen mazaunan wakilai na magogi na cat da kuma halittar Panther.
