Squirrel dabba ce mai sanyin hankali, halayyar halayya ce a labarun litattafai da yara. Amma har ma da wannan dabbar mai son salama a farkon kallon dabba tana da gefen duhu ...
Squirrels sune dabi'ar halittar dabbobi daga dabbobin squirrel. Kamar yawancin rodents, waɗannan dabbobin suna herbivores. Suna ciyarwa a kan buds da ƙananan harbe bishiyoyi, berries, namomin kaza. Mafi yawa daga squirrels fi son zuwa idi a kan kwayoyi da tsaba na conifers. Amma wani lokacin waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu sanyin hankali suna juya zuwa cikin ƙaddara masu lalata har ma da masu fa'ida ...
Maharbi
Masana ilimin dabbobi da kuma masanyan zanen halitta ba zasu basu damar kwanciya ba: lokaci zuwa lokaci kurege yana farautar dabbobi da kuma cin sauran dabbobi. Wadanda ke fama da dabba mai laushi zasu iya zama ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta, tsuntsaye tare da kajin, dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Fiye da sau ɗaya, ana yin rikodin maganganun lokacin da wata dabba ta sami ɓarna, ko kuma, kamar cat na ainihi, maɓarnar farauta. Wasu lokutan ma macizai masu da daɗi su ma suna zama masu cutarwa! Haka kuma, dabbar ba ta yawan cin gawa, amma kwakwalwa ce kawai ke cin abinci. Kamar aljanu.
Me ke haifar da ƙarancin farauta? Ka yi tunanin mai cin ganyayyaki kawai. Ya bai wa kansa alƙawarin zai ci abinci na bishiyar kabeji da kabeji. Amma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, jiki yana buƙatar wasu bitamin da ma'adanai waɗanda ba a samo su a cikin abincin shuka ba. Kuma sannan mai shayarwar mai cin ganyayyaki yana cire sandar tsiran alade da ake so daga ɗakunan firiji :)
Abu iri ɗaya ne ya faru da squirrel. Ba koyaushe ba ne za ta iya samun madaidaicin abubuwan gina jiki daga abubuwan ganyayyaki. Ko kuma a farfajiyar farkon bazara, lokacin da tsoffin kwano suka ƙare, kuma babu abin da za su ci. Sannan mai tilastawa ya zama mai cin nama.
Tuni tare da raini da hankali, kalli squirrel squirrel a cikin filin shakatawa na birni? Na hanzarta in sake tabbatar da :) Don mafi yawan sashin, sandar yakan gutsiro akan kwari. Tsuntsayen daji, beraye, har ma da haka macizai ba sa fuskantar su da yawaitar cunkoso.
Cheirrel yana kawar da masu fafatawa
Lokaci-lokaci, sanda ya kashe wata dabba, amma ba don dalilin ci ba, sai dai don kawar da mai gasa don albarkatun abinci. Kamar yadda zaki yake lalata jeji, kyarkewar kyarketai ko kifayen farin kifaye, haka kodai ya kawarda masu fafatawa: tsuntsaye, jemagu da sauran dabbobin.
Misali, abin da ya faru a kasar Tanzaniya an san shi sosai. Wani masanin binciken dabbobi na cikin gida ya shaida harin da mai rauni ya toka a jikin reshen fika na Valberg. Dabbar ta ciji wanda aka azabtar sau da yawa, sannan ta jefa shi ƙasa. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da dabbobi ba su rabawa ba.
Hakanan, sanadin zaluntar furotin dangane da wasu dabbobi na iya zama kariya daga yankin sa. Sanda yakan kai hari ga baƙon kuma wani lokacin baya lissafin ƙarfinsa. Wata hanyar da ake iya haifar da tsokanar zalunci - mahaifiyar 'ya' yan mata tana kare zuriyarta.
Oka na cin abinci
A farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da aka ci abinci da tsoffin kayayyaki, kuma saboda dalilai na fili babu wani sabon abinci ko ƙarami, ana sake gina furotin zuwa tsoratarwar. Tana son cin naman sauran dabbobin da ba su tsira daga hunturu ba ko kuma wadanda ke cin zarafin su. A wata sana'ar makamancin haka, ta hanyar, an kame hares. Waɗanda ba su yi bautar kuwa a wasu lokutan ma sukan ci abinci.
Kuma squirrels zamewa a kan iwo daga deer da gwiwar hannu. Kuma suna yin hakan duk shekara, kuma ba kawai a cikin bazara ba. Harsuna sune tushen mahimmin ma'adinai a gare su.
Bayyanar
Wannan dabba yawanci squirrel ne bayyanar, ƙarami, tare da dogayen wutsiya mara nauyi. Squirrel Farisa ya fi ta talakawa girma, sutturar ta kuma ta fi guntu. Tsawon jikinta shine 20-25.5 cm, wutinta ya kai 13-17 cm, tana auna 332-432 g. Idanunta suna gajeru (23-31 mm), ba tare da tassels ba. Launi mai haske ne, mai saukin kamantawa. Kashi na gaba na jiki mai launin shuɗi ne, launin toka-toka, ƙamshi mai launin ruwan kasa a garesu, ƙarami mai launin baƙi ko launin toka-mai haske yana iya ganuwa ko'ina a baya. Ciki da kirji - daga tsatsa mai haske zuwa kusan fararen fata. Itace daga kirjin zuwa launin ruwan kasa. A cikin hunturu, launi da kusan ba ya canzawa, da zama duhu kawai a bango kuma ya zube a ciki. Taron Farisa yana faɗa sau biyu a shekara: a ƙarshen Maris - Afrilu kuma daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba.
Rarraba da Biyan Kuɗi
Kursiyin Farisa - ma'ana ga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Caucasus isthmus. Tana zaune a Transcaucasia, Asiya orarama da Yammacin Asiya da Iran, har ma a tsibiran Lesbos da Gokcheada (Tekun Aegean). Sakamakon rashin ciyayi da bushewar yanayi, yanayinsa a cikin tarihi ya ragargaje ne ya zuwa wasu yankuna guda hudu da basu da alaƙa da juna:
- S. a. tashin hankali - Transcaucasia (Abkhazia, Georgia, arewacin Armenia da Azerbaijan) da arewa maso gabashin Turkiya,
- S. a. syriacus - Tekun Bahar Rum na Turkiyya, Siriya, Isra'ila, Lebanon da arewacin Jordan,
- S. a. tsinkaye - Kurdistan Range (arewacin Iraq da yammacin Iran),
- S. a. fulvus - kudu maso yammacin Iran a gabar Tekun Farisa (Shiraz).
Ana son sanin komai
Marten wakili ne na babban dan marten.Yana ce mai annble da nimble, wanda zai iya shawo kan matsaloli daban-daban wajen neman ganima, hau saman gindin gandun daji da hawa kan dogayen bishi .. Marten dabba dabba ce mai daushin gaske, kuma tana da furcin kyau daga duhu kirji zuwa launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa.
Bari mu nemi ƙarin bayani game da wannan dabbar mai dusar ɗan aku ...
Hoto na 2.
Marten dabba ce mai fure mai kauri da taushi, wacce za a iya canza launin launuka iri-iri (launin ruwan kasa, ƙyallen fata, launin ruwan hoda). A wuyan, Marten yana da tabo mai wuya na sautin rawaya, zagaye a siffar. Allumai gajere ne, yatsu biyar. Akwai yatsun yatsa a yatsunsu. A mucks ne kaifi Kunnuwa suna gajeru, triangular, tare da rawaya rawaya gefen gefen. Jikin ne siriri, squat, dan kadan elongated (daga 45 cm zuwa 58 cm). Wutsiya mai laushi, tsawo, ya kai rabin jikin marten (daga cm 16 zuwa 28 cm tsayi). Girman jiki - daga 800 g zuwa 1.8 kg. Mace sunkai kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari fiye da maza. Jawo hunturu mai launin siliki yana da siliki kuma ya fi tsayi lokacin bazara, kuma lokacin bazara ya fi ƙanƙanta da gajere fiye da fur ɗin hunturu.
Hoto na 3.
A dabi'a, akwai wasu nau'ikan martens, waɗanda kowane ɗayansu ke da yanki na yanki da kuma canjin yanayin ƙasa, suna yaduwa sosai a cikin mazauninsu.
- Martes americana - Marten Amurka an haɗa shi a cikin rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrabe; yayi kama da marten, dabba dabbar da ta dace da dare.
- Martes pennanti - MDD ta mallaki bishiyoyi mara nauyi, kuma sun fi dacewa da bin gonakin dajin.
- Martes foina - dutse Marten zaune a cikin wani yanki mai girma, mafi sau da yawa fiye da sauran jinsunan shi hidima a matsayin abu don farauta don samar da Jawo.
- Martes Martes - Pine marten ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Turai da Eurasia, tushen samun salatin fata ne.
- Martes gwatkinsii - Nilgirian marten dabba ce ta musamman da ta mamaye yankunan kudu.
- Martes zibellina - sable abu ne da ya dade yana farauta, wani lokacin yakan samar da wani nau'in halitta mai suna Kidus (cakuda marten da sable).
- Martes flavigula - harza yana cikin rukunin mazaunan Asiya, suna mamaye wurare masu yawa a can.
- Martes melampus - Marten Jafananci tushen asalin Jawo ne a yankin manyan tsibiran Jafananci.
Hoto na 4.
Ana samun marten Amurka a duk faɗin Amurka.
Ilka ya mallaki mafi tsayi a cikin gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka, yana haɗuwa daga Appalachians (West Virginia) zuwa Sierra Nevada (California).
Hoto na 12.
Ilka - mafi girma wakilin Marten
Martine na pine ya mamaye kusan dukkanin ƙasashen Turai: ana iya samo shi daga Yammacin Siberiya zuwa tsibirin Biritaniya na arewacin da kuma daga Elbrus da Caucasus zuwa Bahar Rum a kudu.
Hoto 9.
Marten na Nilgirian yana zaune ne a kudanci kudancin Indiya, yana zaune a Yammacin Ghat da kuma Nilgiri Upland. Sable mazaunin tekun Rasha ne, wanda ya mamaye yankin daga Tekun Pacific zuwa Urals.
Hoto na 5.
Hoto na 6.
Hoto 8.
Marten-yellow-breasted, ko harza, ya fi son ƙasashen da ke da ɗumi da gabas da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, amma kuma ana iya samun su a cikin Rasha - a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Jawabin Ussuri marten bashi da mahimmanci, amma har yanzu ana barazanar lalata nau'in. Yankin charza ya zama kunkuntar saboda aikin ɗan adam - mutane suna canza mazaunin ɗan adam. Hoto daga Yuri Kotyukov.
Hoto na 7.
Ana samun Harza a cikin Tsibirin Koriya, a China, Turkiya, Iran, a cikin ƙafafun Himalayan, a cikin Indochina, Hindustan, a kan Tsibirin Maina da kuma tsibirin Manjo. An kuma wakilci sosai a Pakistan, Nepal, Georgia, Afghanistan. Hakanan yana faruwa a yankin Rasha, yana mamaye yankunan Khabarovsk da Primorsky, Sikhote-Alin, kwarin kogin Ussuri da Amurye. Marten Jafananci da farko yana da manyan tsibirai 3 na Japan - Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu. Tana zaune a Tsushima, a Koriya, a tsibiran Sado da Hokkaido.
A cikin Russia, akwai irin wannan nau'in martens kamar sable, Pine marten, Marten dutse da charza.
A Pine marten ciyar a kan dabbobi da shuka abinci. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan sandunan daban-daban (mice da voles). Ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan lokutan marten da aka cutar yawanci shine squirrel. Har ila yau, Marten yana ciyar da abinci. A cikin hunturu, zomaye yakan zama ganima ga maharbi. Marten kuma ya kama kayan maye. Wannan yana da kyau musamman ga marten, lokacin da a cikin lokacin hunturu grouse burrow cikin dusar kankara. Ta wannan, an sami tsuntsaye daga tsananin sanyi. A wannan lokacin, marten ya kama su. Wannan dabbar tana farautar girki da wuya. Wannan na faruwa idan maharbi yana shan azaba da yunwar. Sauran tsuntsayen da ke zaune a mazaunin yankin Marten basu da sha'awar mafarautan. Marten yana son cin abinci a kan bumblebees, ƙudan zuma, wasps. Lardin wadannan kwari da zuma. Marten ya ci abinci na shuka, gami da wasu ire-iren berries: lingonberries, ash ash, viburnum, blueberries, hawthorn, fure na fure, ceri na tsuntsaye. Lokacin da akwai berries mai yawa a cikin gandun daji kuma berries ba sa crumble na dogon lokaci, Marten yana cin su kawai kuma da wuya farauta sauran dabbobi.
Jiki na Marten kai tsaye yana shafar halayenta: wannan dabbar tana iya motsawa ne kawai ko kuma a wani abu (a lokacin gudu) Jiki mai sassauyawa na Marten yana aiki kamar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wanda ke sa alamar ƙazantar dabba ta ɗan lokaci kawai a cikin gangunan kuɗaɗen conifers. Marten ya gwammace tsayawa a tsakiya da kuma na saman tiers. A hankali ya hau bishiyoyi, yana murguda koda wani katako mai tsayi wanda ya ba ta damar yin kaifin baki.
Martine pine yana jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, farauta a ƙasa da ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci akan bishiyoyi. Marten yana shirya gidaje a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi har tsawon mita 16 ko kuma kai tsaye a kambi. Marten bawai kawai ya nisanta dan Adam bane, amma yakan samu ne daga gareshi. Yana gudanar da rayuwa mai daidaitawa, ba tare da canza canjin wurin da yake so ba, koda da karancin abinci. Amma lokaci-lokaci, tana iya yawo don sunadarai waɗanda ke aiwatar da ƙaurawar lokaci lokaci-lokaci tsawon nisa.
Hoto na 11.
A cikin yanki na gandun daji mallakin martens, ana rarrabe nau'ikan shafuka biyu: yawo, inda suke lokaci-lokaci, da kuma farauta yau da kullun, inda Martens suke cin lokaci mafi yawa. A lokacin rani da damina, martens yakan mamaye wani yanki na musamman na filayen farautarsu, suna rayuwa na dogon lokaci a wuraren manyan abinci. A cikin hunturu, waɗannan iyakokin suna faɗaɗa sosai saboda rashin abinci, kuma Marten suna da hanyoyi masu amfani da mai. Mafi yawan lokuta sukan ziyarci wurare kamar wuraren mafaka da wuraren ciyarwa, suna masu alamar fitsari.
Hoto na 13.
Dasyurus viverrinus - Shafin Marten
Hoto 14.
Dasyurus viverrinus - Shafin Marten
Hoto na 15.
Dasyurus viverrinus - Shafin Marten
Hoto 16.
Tare da duk hanyar rayuwarsa, an haɗa marten tare da gandun daji. Ana samo shi a cikin yawancin daji na daji inda bishiyoyi daban-daban suke girma, amma mafi yawan abin shine ya fi son tsiro, daɗaɗɗun bishi da tsire-tsire masu kusa da su. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, shine spruce-fir, a cikin kudanci - spruce-deciduous, a yankin Caucasus - gandun fir-beech.
Don rayuwa ta dindindin, Marten yana zaɓar wuraren da aka ciccika na manyan gandun daji tare da bishiyoyi masu tsayi, tsohuwar gandun daji, wanda aka cakuda shi da ƙananan wuraren ƙaramin samari, tare da dogon gefuna, da wuraren daji tare da gandun daji da sharewa. Amma yana iya tsayawa akan yankuna masu fadi, a cikin gandun daji, inda aka samo shi cikin kwarin manyan koguna da koguna. Wasu nau'in Marten basa gujewa yanki mai dutse, masu sakawa. Mahalli na mutane suna ƙoƙarin su nisanci, suna shiga cikin ƙauyuka kawai ta wuraren shakatawa. Iyakar abin da banda shi ne dutse marten, sau da yawa yana daidaita kai tsaye a cikin birane da ƙauyuka.
Hoto na 17.
Martens dabbobi ne masu iko, amma galibi suna cin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (kamar, misali, berayen filin da squirrels), tsuntsaye, da ƙwaiƙansu. An bambanta su da gaskiyar cewa suna sha'awar berayen, a matsayin batun farauta, wanda kuliyoyi ke kokarin wucewa saboda girman su. Kada ku raina martens da carine, kwari, katantanwa, kwaɗi, dabbobi masu rarrafe. A cikin kaka, martens a hankali ba ci kwayoyi, berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A ƙarshen bazara da duk lokacin kaka, martens sa abinci a ajiye, wanda yake da amfani a gare su a cikin lokacin sanyi.
Hoto na 18.
Marten dutse ko farin kifi yana karami (tsayin jiki 46 santimita, wutsiya 24 cm.). Kafafunta sunyi guntu, kunnuwanta sunyi ƙanƙan da na marten talakawa. Dabbar tana da kai mai elongated tare da gajeriyar mucks. Launi na mai farashi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da farin fararen fata da farin tabo a kirji a wurin da murfin marten yana da launin rawaya. Tsawon bakin daga cikin babba na hakoran hakora ya fi girma da yawa na babba na ciki, wanda yake shi ne keɓaɓɓun bilonate.
Ana samun shingen dutse a tsakiyar Turai, Italiya banda Sardinia, a Ingila, Sweden da Yammacin Asiya (musamman a Palestine, Siriya da Asia Minarama), ana samun shi a Afghanistan da Himalayas (aƙalla mita 1600 sama da matakin teku). A Rasha, dabbar tana zaune ne a tsakiyar Rasha, a Siberiya. Hakanan ana samun marten a cikin Caucasus.
An ajiye dabba kusa da gidajen mutane a tarin duwatsun, tsoffin gine-gine, rumbuna da sito. Marten yayi kyau sosai kuma yana cutar da kaji da qwai. Kamar sauran marten, ta kan kashe dabbobi da yawa fiye da yadda za su ci.
Hoto 20.
Ana farautar Marten dutse a arewacin Rasha da Siberiya tare da wani kare wanda, bayan da ya kai hari kan hanyar marten a cikin hunturu, ya tura shi da haushi da farko a ƙasa, sannan, lokacin da dabbar ta hau itace, kare ya kalli motsin sa. Masanin masana'antar, yana kusa da "karen farauta" har zuwa inda marten ya tsaya, sai ya harbe ta, amma idan ta ɓoye a cikin ramin, sai ta sare bishiyar kuma ta cire dabbar daga cikin ramin. Lokacin da marten, yana tserewa daga bin, yana hawa zuwa tsibin iska, wanda aka lullube shi da dusar ƙanƙara, to wannan an haƙa wannan ramin kuma an rufe gefen ciki da tarkon, a cikin abin da marten ya faɗi. A Siberiya, masu kamewa suna kama tarko da tarko na musamman - bakin, wanda ya ƙunshi gungume wanda ya fado kan dabbar a daidai lokacin da ta, yana gudana ƙarƙashin tarko, ta taɓa sim ɗin da aka shimfiɗa ta (igiyar bakin ciki, mafi yawanci farin farinhair). An buɗe bakunan akan hanyoyin marten.
Wani lokacin ana shigar da martani cikin tarko ta hanyar cin, wato, riba a cikin hanyar ƙwarƙwar hazel ko ƙaramin tsuntsu. Kuniy kamun kifi ya bunƙasa sosai a yankin Kuban, inda kabilun dutsen ke tsunduma ciki: Karachais, Kabardins, musamman ma Abazins. Don kamun kifi, dutsen ya bar gida a cikin watan Oktoba ko Nuwamba, yayin da dusar ƙanƙara har yanzu ba ta tsoma baki ba tare da motsin taron. Bayan sun isa, sun kasu kashi-kashi 4 zuwa 6 kuma suna farauta har zuwa ƙarshen watan Fabrairu ko Maris. Tarkon da aka yi amfani da shi yawanci yana cikin akwati ne, ɓangaren kunkuntar wadda ana saka ta cikin ɗakin tsagi da aka saka a cikin akwati. Sauran gefen an ɗora a kan sandar da aka kora zuwa ƙasa. A cikin tsarin ɗaya, an sanya madawa (naman alade) a kan jirgin, kuma marten ya mutu daga tasirin wani kwamiti, an saka shi a kusurwa zuwa na farko, a cikin gutter guda. A cikin sauran tarkuna, an ɗaura ƙugun a ƙarƙashin katako, kuma an katse mai marten ta hanyar katako mai nauyi, wanda aka daidaita da sandunan guda ɗaya wanda aka girka katako.
Hoto na 21.
Dankunan farauta 20-40 suna samarwa sama da 500 martens a lokacin hunturu. Farauta da marten a cikin Caucasus an gudana tare da taimakon tarkuna. Wanda ya shafa mai da mai a cikin ƙasa. Shen naman alade, Martens sun tono ƙasa kuma sun fada tarko tare da kai ko ƙafarsu.Kusa da wuraren zama don tarko a tarko, ƙara sabo ƙwai. Domin Marten ya yi nasara, dole ne ku je farauta tare da karen da aka horar, ku yi tsalle cikin daji a cikin hunturu kuma a shirye ku ke kwana a cikin daji. Marten na iya yin safarar bishiyoyi tsawon mil da yawa, don haka mafarauci dole ne ya kasance mai wahala. Wararrun mafarauta akan waƙoƙin cikin dusar ƙanƙara na iya koyon abubuwa da yawa game da girman da filin marten.
Hoto 22.
Hoto 23.
Hoto 24.
Hoto 25.
Hoto 26.
Rayuwa
Yana zaune a cikin dajin bel na tsaunika har zuwa iyakar sa. Yana zaune a itacen oak-beech, gyada da dazuzzuka masu ciki. Sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin gidajen lambuna. Yana guje wa gandun daji na subalpine tare da murfin ciyawa, murfin mutu, dazuzzuka masu ƙarancin ciyawa. A cikin shekarun rashin amfanin gona, babban abincin yana shiga cikin gandun daji gauraye. Koyaya, daga nan an maye gurbin kursiyin Farisa ta hanyar mai gasa - ita ce ta talakawa, an gabatar da ita ga Caucasus a cikin karni na 30 zuwa karni na XX. A cikin gandun daji mai rarrafe, gasar ba ta da ƙarfi, kamar yadda talakawa ke son zama a cikin gandun daji.
Kursiyin Farisa suna zaune shi kaɗai da kuma nau'i-nau'i. Yana aiki yayin rana, kololuwan ayyuka yana faruwa a sanyin safiya da yamma. A cikin daji yana da sauƙi a rarrabe muryarta, mai kama da nau'in yaudarar yaudara. Rayuwar rayuwar arboreal ce, kodayake koda yaushe (mafi sau da yawa fiye da na dabbobin daji) suna gangarowa zuwa ƙasa. Tana tashi daga reshe zuwa reshe, tana tsinkaya mita 3-5 a tsayi.Duk lokacin da yake cikin haɗari, yakan ɓoye a kambi na itace ko daskarewa, yana manne da gangar jikin. Ana iyo sosai, amma ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya shiga ruwa. A bayyane yake, baya yin ƙaura mai yawa; ƙungiyoyi suna cikin gida a cikin yanayi - kamar yadda kwayoyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa ke tsiro, sunadaran suna tashi zuwa gangara. Basu fada cikin rashin walwala ba.
Shuwagabannin mutanen Persia suna farauta ne daga gandun daji da jigon dutse, sabbin dabbobin da ke cikin manyan yawu suna ta kauna. Squirrel Persia bai yarda da bauta cikin da kyau ba har ma da saurayi.
Gidaje
Yankuna a cikin ramuka na 5-14 m sama da ƙasa ko a ƙasa, cikin tushen voids. Guyna daga twigs da ganyayyaki da wuya sa. Ya fi son yin sulhu a kan tabarma, lindens, maped da itacen oak, ya zaɓi bishiyoyi masu ɓoye a cikin zurfin lamuran tudu. Ruwan dajin a cikin mage shine farashi uku: na farko, zauren na waje ya ƙunshi busassun ƙura, na biyu - daga ganyayyaki da aka tumɓuke, na uku, ciki - daga ganyayyaki da ƙanshin wuta.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Yana ciyarwa a kan tsirrai bishiyoyi, kwayoyi, guna, ciyawa, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries, namomin kaza, buds da harbe daga itaciyar gandun daji da shukoki. A cikin Caucasus, yafi son walnuts da hazel. A cikin Lebanon da Isra'ila, ana ciyar da ita sosai a kan itacen al'ul, itacen al'ul da katako. Oneaya daga cikin ciyar da furotin sami damar ci har zuwa 30 g da goro kernels. Da ƙyar tana cin abincin dabbobi (invertebrates, ƙwai na tsuntsaye, lizards).
A abinci, ana lura da dogaro da yanayi. Daga kaka zuwa bazara, tushen abincin shine tsaba. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, rawar ciyayi na ƙaruwa da kuma yawan abincin dabbobi ke ƙaruwa. Don lokacin hunturu, squirrel din ya sanya hannun jari, leɓen lemo, itacen oyo, namomin kaza, ɓoye su a cikin matsugunai daban-daban, galibi a cikin gundarin ɓarna na bishiyoyin tsufa, da sauran ƙwayoyin ma suna amfani da hannun jari.
Kiwo
Anyi nazarin ilimin halittarta da mummunar mummunar tasirin gina jiki. A cikin Transcaucasia, kursiyin Farisa na shekara-shekara, tare da kololuwa uku: a ƙarshen Janairu - farkon Fabrairu, a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Lita a cikin shekara ta 2, a wasu mata - 3. Samun ciki har zuwa kwanaki 30, a cikin zuriyar dabbobi 2-4 tsirara, blindan makanta. Ciyarwar har zuwa makonni 6. Matasa sunadarai sun isa balaga yana da shekaru 5-6.
Halin Karewar da .arfi
Yawan kumbunan Farisa yayi ƙasa da ƙasa kuma yana ƙarƙashin mawuyacin sauyi dangane da halittu. Ya fi zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin gandun daji, masu arziki a cikin kwari, da kuma a cikin lambunan walnut. A Georgia, saboda gabatarwar murabba'in gama gari, wanda ya maye gurbin kursiyin Farisa daga gandun daji hade, lambar sa da iyakarsa ya ragu da 20%. Mafi girman lalacewar alummarta shine ya haifar da raguwar gandun daji da mutane, wanda ke haifar da bacewar mazauninta na asali da rarrabuwa daga kewayon zuwa jerin keɓaɓɓu.
Squirrel na Persia ba shi da ƙima ta kasuwanci saboda ƙaramin girmanta da ƙanshin fur. Yana yin wasu lalacewa ta hanyar cin walnuts.
Wani launi ne Jawo Jawo a lokacin bazara?
A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, waɗannan dabbobin suna da launi mai launi daban. Sau biyu a shekara, suna hawa kan shugaban, da akwati da kafafu, amma wutsiya ba zato ba tsammani.
Squirrel a lokacin rani sa launin ruwan kasa-ja ko jan gashi. Mutane masu launin ja ne waɗanda ake amfani da su don ganin wannan kyakkyawan gandun daji. Kuna iya ganin squirrel a lokacin rani a cikin hoto. A cikin Jamus zaku iya haɗuwa da kyakkyawa a cikin rigar baƙar fata. Kushin tumbi yana fentin fari.
Tunani. Wannan dabbar tana da aminci sosai kuma mutane da sauri suna amfani da ita.
Xarfin waɗannan dabbobin suna mamakin mutane da yawa, saboda sun iya hawa bishiyoyi masu tsayi tare da saurin walƙiya kuma suna tsalle daga wannan reshe zuwa wani, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin su na iya zama kaɗan. Mataimakanta a cikin wannan sune kaifi mai yatsu a yatsunsu kuma, ba shakka, kyakkyawan wutsiya, wanda ake buƙata ba kawai don kyakkyawa ba, har ma don tashi.
Tunani. Hawan zuwa saman wata itaciya, kuzari ya motsa a karkace, shin ka taba lura da wannan?
Kiwo
A lokacin dumi, waɗannan dabbobin sun fara kiwo. Sun zabi abokin tarayya ne kawai don lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, dabbobi sun fi kasancewa da kaɗaici.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da matukar tasiri kuma suna iya kawo litter uku a cikin kakar guda. An tabbatar da wannan ta:
- mazauni
- yawan jama'a
- yawan abincin da ake samu a yankin zama.
Yayin tafiyar, kimanin maza 3-6 ke tarawa a kewayen mace. Suna gasa ne a tsakanin su kuma suna iya yin hamayya da juna. Ana iya bayyana wannan a cikin nau'in jita-jita, chats, faɗa. Lokacin da mutum daya ne kawai ya ci nasara, dabbobi zasu iya tafiya zuwa hadi.
Ga matasa, uwa ta gaba tana gina keɓaɓɓen gida. Ya fi girma kuma ya fi girma a girma fiye da yadda aka saba kewayen waɗannan dabbobin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Mahaifiyar da zata zo nan gaba zata gina gida gida sama da guda. Wannan don kare crumbs. Idan akwai haɗari, Mommy za ta tura 'ya'yanta daga gida, inda suke cikin haɗari zuwa wuri mai aminci.
Haihuwa jarirai yana kimanin kwanaki 35-38, kuma jariran a cikin zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya na iya zama daga goma zuwa goma.
Har yaushe suke rayuwa?
Tsawon rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi shine shekaru 12, babu ƙari, kuma wannan shine lokacin da ake cikin ɗaurarru. Lokacin da suke zaune a cikin daji, kyakkyawa mai santsi na iya rayuwa ba fiye da shekaru 4 ba, waɗannan sune masu dadewa.
Dabbobi kamar Marten, mujiya, dawakai da ma kuliyoyi suna barazanar waɗannan dabbobi masu furfura. A cikin gandun daji, furotin na iya mutuwa sakamakon karancin abinci, da kuma ticks, fleas da sauran kwari, waɗanda ke ɗauke da cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, gami da rabies, suma suna kawo mutuwa. Saboda cututtukan wadannan dabbobi, ragin rayuwa yana ragu sosai.