Mingan wasan Hummingbird, wanda ya fara fitowa a reshe kuma ya tashi zuwa fashin. Da farko, ya zauna kusa da shi a kan reshe kuma ya yi maye, yana roƙon mahaifiyarsa ta ciyar da shi. Sannan ya koma inda yake ciyar da abinci ya fara shan syrup din kanshi. Shin kun san yadda ake dafa abincin hummingbird? Aauki gilashin sukari da sukari a cikin ruwa na 1 na ruwa. Syrup ya shirya :)
A cikin 'yan makonni, za ta juya ta zama injin da zai dace don yawo da baya, yawo cikin iska, ba zato ba tsammani, yana hanzarta zuwa kilomita 80 / h a cikin lokaci ba tare da fitar da ruwa mai ɗaukar nauyin 9-daidai ba kamar yadda suke iya jurewa. kawai mafi kyawun matukan jirgin sama.
Amma a yanzu, yana samun ƙarfi, yana duban sabuwar duniya kuma a hankali yana ƙididdige wahalar jirgin mita goma daga ɗakin zuwa makwancin ciyar mafi kusa. Kuma wani lokacin, daga al'ada, yana kira ga mama.
Peacock - mafi kyawun tsuntsu a duniya
Idan da aka samu gasa ta kyau tsakanin tsuntsaye, tabbas tsuntsun zai iya samun kyauta
Peacocks sune mafi kyawun tsuntsayen tsari na kaji daga dangin sahabbai. Mutane daga zamanin da, waɗanda suka ga tsuntsayen kusan shekaru dubu 4 da suka gabata, launuka masu haske suka mamaye su, suka fara horarsu. A cikin bauta, manyan tsuntsaye a sauƙaƙe sun zauna, matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa ya ƙaru daga shekaru 20 a cikin daji - har zuwa shekaru 40 kusa da mutane. Peacock ya zama ado na wuraren shakatawa na sarakunan Indiya, Rome, tsohuwar Masar, mutane masu arziki. Shi girman kan sarki ne mafi daɗaɗan hikima - Sulemanu. An yi la'akari da namansa mai laushi kamar abinci ne. An yi amfani da kayan yaji daga kan tebur yayin bukukuwan a matsayin mai nuna wadatar arziki.
Halayen wakilin kaji
A cikin daji, tsuntsayen da ke zaune a daji suna dasa bishiyoyi, kusa da jikkunan ruwa. Babban tsuntsu kyakkyawa yana gudana sosai, zai iya hanzarta zuwa 16 km awa daya. Mai ikon tashi, amma baya so, yana faruwa ne kawai idan akwai haɗari. Ana aiwatar da rayuwar aiki na tsuntsaye a cikin rana a cikin ƙasa, tare da farawar magariba suna tashi zuwa bishiyoyi kuma suna kwana a can. Peacocks sune omnivores, suna cin duk abinda ciki zai iya narkewa: tsirrai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi, kwari, dabbobi masu shayarwa, har ma da ƙananan macizai. Peacocks na iya "magana" da juna tare da taimakon siginar ƙwayoyin cuta wanda motsawar gashin fuka-fukan. Kunnen mutum bai san su ba.
Menene sunan mace mai suna peacock?
Kalmar "peacock" ma'anar janar ce ta tsuntsaye, ta fi dacewa, tana nufin namiji. 'Ya'yan bewa mata suka karɓi suna - "pava." Akwai bambance-bambance a bayyane tsakanin su. Bambancin launuka na gashin fuka-fukan. Na gaba, zamu yi la’akari da manyan nau'ukan peacocks uku: talakawa, Javanese da Afirka.
Tsarin peacock na yau da kullun
Habitat - Indiya, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan. Kyakkyawan fasalin namiji shine kyakkyawan wutsiya mai tsayi tare da gashin tsuntsu da shuɗi. A zahiri, wutsiya ƙanana ce, amma gashin fuka-fukan da ke saman kai, daga 100 zuwa 150, na iya buɗewa ta hanyar samamme, kamar fan. A gashin fuka-fukai akwai tsarin zagaye a launin kore, shuɗi da idanun zinare. Kan kai da kirji shuɗi ne, ƙananan jikin baƙi ne. Idanun suna da girma a cikin tsananin farin haske mai duhu launuka. A kan kai akwai shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai kama da kambi tare da karrarawa. Pava yana ganin mafi daidaita.
Ba ta da dogon wutsiya, kyakkyawa ce ta hanyar kanta: tana da ƙaramin alheri mai kyau tare da kambi mai launin toka, idanu masu haske. Bambanta a cikin nutsuwa, tafiya tare da mutunci. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa akwai magana: tafiya kamar pava. Halin hikima bai ba ta kyakkyawar ƙaƙƙarfan walƙiya ba. Bai kamata ta kalli motley ba. Manufar dabbar tsuntsayen mace ita ce ta da raisea offspringan zuriya, don kare shi daga masu ƙaddara. Kyakkyawan zubin haske zai sanya shi ya zama mawuyanci ga abokan halitta - damisa da damisa. Yana yiwuwa launi na peacock na ɗan adam wata hanya ce ta jan hankalin maƙiyin da kuma kare ta da zuriyar gaba.
Baffa na Afirka ko na Kongo
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai laushi na Kongo. An ɗanyi nazarin wannan nau'in. Launin wannan nau'in bai da kama da na maza na Indiya. Ba babba bane, wutsiya tayi gajarta, idanun datti. Pava launi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan kasa, yana bawa mai ƙarfi ƙarfi na ƙarfe. A ƙafafun mace za su yi yaƙi don su kawar da maƙiyansu.
Gidajen Java, Myanmar, Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia. Mafi girma ga dukkan nau'ukan peacocks. Matar Javanese tana kama da namiji, amma ƙasa da babba. Gashin tsuntsu masu duhu masu launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi sun sauka daga kanta zuwa wuyanta. An kawata kambin kai da ruwan shuɗi. Jawatsun ja suna hade cikin gashin fuka-fukan a baya da kirji.
Girman bambanci
Tsawon jikin namiji yakai cm 130. Abinda ake ganin shine kyakkyawan wutsiya shine gashin fuka-fukan, yana rufe wutsiyar, yana da tsawon cm 45-50. Tsawon gashin gashin kanshi ya lullube kansa zuwa 160 cm. Yana bude su ta hanyar fan yayin murna. Pavas sun fi ƙanana da girman maza. Bambanci yana ƙaruwa da ganinsu saboda gashin fuka-fukan haɓaka. Maza sun bambanta kaɗan da na mace yayin molting. Kowace shekara a cikin Janairu, gashin fuka-fukan, su kuma a watan Yuni, lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, sai su sake girma.
Namiji ya balaga tun yana dan shekara uku, kuma mace ta shirya tsaf tun tana shekara biyu. Peacock da pava sun fara wasannin share fage a cikin watan Afrilu. Yana wucewa ta birki mai ban sha'awa, yana kallo da kyau, ya shimfiɗa wutsiyarsa kuma ya fara rawa. Nadin ya kai minti 20. Idan fis Yana ganin ƙoƙarinsa, sai ya juya baya gareshi ita kuma tana duban ɗaukar fansarsa. Masana ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere sun gano cewa nasarar pava ta dogara da adadin aibobi a nau'ikan idanu a cikin wutsiyar bude. Idan aka samu dama, hakan zai yuwu. Don haka kalma ta ƙarshe ta kasance tare da pava. Wani lokaci mazan suna fada saboda ƙaunataccen ƙaunataccen, kuma tana cikin nutsuwa tana kallon yaƙin tsuntsaye kuma yana jira mai nasara.
Pava yana aiki don haɓaka gida. Ta sanya ƙwai 5-7 a lokaci guda. Idan yanayin ya fi dacewa, za ta iya yin mason sau uku a lokacin tarawar. Ya tono rami a ƙasa, ya rufe shi da ciyawa, sarƙaƙƙiya, Fluff daga ciki da kirji. Yin kiyayya na wata daya. Mahaifin gaba a wannan lokacin yana kusa, yana yin aikin mai gadi, wani lokacin barin abinci. Tsuntsayen yara bayyana m, m, mai saukin kamuwa zuwa hasken rana da sanyi. Suna girma da sauri, bayan wata guda sun riga sun yi tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsu. A watanni uku sun sami 'yanci. A wannan lokacin, ya rigaya ya yiwu a ƙayyade kifin ɗan akuya, kodayake amon haske mai haske yana bayyana da shekaru uku, ta hanyar girma.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da kuru-kuru
Wannan tsuntsun ya zama sananne ga mutane kusan shekaru dubu huɗu da suka gabata. An samo bayanan taming na farko daga Indiya. A nan an girmama ta a matsayin alama ta ƙasa, wadda ba ta da ma'amala da siyar da ita don kuɗi masu yawa. Babban sarki Alexander ya kawo tsuntsayen kwari zuwa Turai daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen da wadannan tsuntsayen suke zaune. Peacock, saboda girmanta da kyakkyawa, mai riƙe da rikodin don nassoshi ne na tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi, litattafan addini. Ana kiranta tsuntsu na aljanna ko sarauta. A kasar Sin a zamanin da, sarakunan gargajiyoyi na fuka-fukan tsuntsayen tsuntsayen suna bayar da kyaututtukan darajarsu.
A Indiya, ana girmama ta a matsayin mai tsarki. Allahn kauna Kam ana yawan nuna shi yana yawo a kan dutsen, wanda ake ɗauka alama ce ta so da bege. A cikin Tarihin Hindu, ana ganin tsarin wutsiya kamar sararin sama mai cike da tauraro. A Rome - suna yin sujada kamar tsuntsayen allahn Juno. Shine sarki matar da 'ya'yan sarki. A cikin Islama, ana kiran "ido" na dako. "Ido na zuciya". Sun tsara su da hangen nesa na ciki, girma da kuma fifikon ka'idar ruhaniya. Hoton mutum biyu kaguwazaune da hankali a tarnaƙi na Itace Duniya yana ma'anar yanayin mutum na mutum biyu.
Peacocks a cikin al'ada
A cikin Kiristanci, peacock alama ce ta rashin mutuwa da tashin matattu, sake haihuwa ta ruhaniya, kamar yadda yake sabunta alkalami a kai a kai.
Fashin gashinsa wata sifa ce ta St. Barbara. A gefe guda, a Rasha, an dauki peacock alama ce ta girman kai, girman kai. A cikin yankin Moscow, tukunyar dabbar da ke tashi a jikin rigar makamai ta birnin Serpukhov. A cikin karni na 18, adadi mai yawa sun kasance a yankin daya daga cikin wuraren bautar, inda suke tsunduma cikin kiwo. shi ne ya zama Birarfin Tsarin Birni a cikin tatsuniyoyin Rasha. Ita ce jarumin nan Ivan Tsarevich ya iske shi, yana ta zub da ruwan aljanna.
A Turai, matan da suka yi fice sun yaba da fidda gwani kuma ya kasance sifa ce ta kwalkwali da hulɗa da adon na adda a zamanin da. A cikin falsafar Indiya, ana daukar tsuntsu mai haske matsayin mutum ne na bambancin duniya. Peacock mai launi yana da alama yana tunatar da mutane cewa a cikin wannan nau'in, ban da lokuta masu wuya a rayuwa, koyaushe za a sami wurin don abin farin ciki.
Hummingbird
Sannun ku)
Na ga irin wannan tsuntsu yana son yin shi)
Sauran ayyuka za a iya gani a nan.
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Kwatsam sai maigidan ya dauki wani matakin LSD yayin aikin gyaran mahaifa 1960s
Wani injiniya daga San Francisco yana da cikakken labarin tare da mai ba da labari da LSD. A cikin shekarun 1960, an sami jita-jita cewa masu kera kiɗa, kayan da aka fi so a yawancin makaman dutsen San Francisco, an cika su da LSD kuma a zahiri sun “nutsar” a ciki. Duk wanda ya taɓa irin wannan kayan aikin zai iya tafiya cikin jeji - ko kuma aƙalla abin da almara ke faɗi.
Don injiniyan San Francisco, Eliot Curtis, wannan almara ya zama ainihin gaske a cikin 2019.
Curtis, manajan watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye na tashar labarai ta KPIX, ya ba da kansa don gyara tsohuwar masana'antar Buchla synthesizer da aka kulle a cikin ɗakuna shekaru a Jami'ar Jihar California ta Gabas. Ya yi kokarin gyara ta, amma wannan gyaran da aka yi ya sa ya sha wahala sosai. Yayin aiwatar da gyaran kayan aiki, Curtis ya fara jin "baƙon abu". Ya juya cewa ya bazata da kashi na LSD ta hanyar maɓallin a cikin maɓallin.
"Ganawa ɗaya tayi magana game da yadda mawaƙa waɗanda ke amfani da wannan kayan suka rusa yatsunsu, suka taɓa na'urar, sannan suka buga yatsunsu don samun wasu sihiri na sihiri," in ji rahoton CBS San Francisco. Kodayake ba a yi amfani da wannan mahaɗin ba tsawon shekaru, kayan LSD da ke jikinta har yanzu suna da ƙarfi.
Gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin bita na gidansa, Curtis ya jawo hankali ga "ingantaccen saura", wanda ke ƙarƙashin abin da aka yi amfani da kayan aiki. Yayi kokarin share ragowar da yatsa, kuma bayan kimanin mintuna 45. Na ga hasken launuka masu launuka masu yawa. "Babban" sa ya faru a gaban matarsa Holly.
"Ina ganin yana da matukar daure kai. Ina ganin wannan yanayin gaba daya kyakkyawan babi ne a tarihin cinikin dabbobi," in ji Holly, a cewar CBS.
Maƙallin - a yau ana kiransa da "kayan ƙwallon analog na kayan gargajiya" - an samo asali ne daga wasu mawaƙa biyu na avant-garde waɗanda suka koyar da kiɗa a makaranta a cikin shekarun 1960. Mutanen da suka ba da kuɗi don wannan kayan aikin sune furofesoshi Glenn Glasow da Robert Basart.
An yi imanin cewa Don Buckley ne ya ƙirƙira wannan mahaɗin ɗin. Ya kasance mai yin kida, mawaƙa, kuma mawaki wanda ya ƙirƙiri kayan kida, gami da haɗaɗɗar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙarfin lantarki, azaman kayan kida don ƙaddamar da sautikan da ba a taɓa jin su ba. Buckle ya taimaka ƙirƙirar tsarin sauti na Grateful Dead a cikin shekarun 1960s.
Kasadar Curtis tare da LSD ya shafe kimanin awa tara. An duba ragowar kuma ya juya ya zama Lysergic acid diethylamide. "Masu binciken na LSD sun ce abu zai iya kasancewa mai tasiri na dogon lokaci idan aka adana shi a wurare masu sanyi, duhu," in ji rahoton CBS.
Shekaru da yawa an adana shi a cikin wani kabad a kusurwar aji. Da zarar sashen da aka fi so a cikin kayan aikin gona, ya zama na zamani, kuma ba wanda ya dame shi ya gyara ta sai Curtis ya ba da kansa don gwadawa.
Kayan aiki yana da fasalin motsa jiki mai ban sha'awa. Jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito: “A farkon shekarun 60s, shahararren Robert Mug, wanda ya mutu a 2005, da Mr. Buckle, baicin juna, sun fito da dabarar hada-hada ta lantarki mai amfani da kayan aiki: kayan aiki da aka taru daga bangarori daban-daban, Volck zai iya sarrafa fitila, girma, makamashi, timbre, sauri da sauran sigogi, yin ma'amala cikin mawuyacin hali .. Mr. Buckla ya fara tsara kayan aikinsa na farko a 1963, amma ba a kammala shi ba. d 1965. An gabatar da samfurin Moog na farko a cikin 1964. "
Buchla Box shi ma ya kasance mai samar da sauti don Acid gwaje-gwaje ta Ken Kesey, wani taron da yawa a cikin yayin da mahalarta, ciki har da Buckle, suka ɗauki LSD. "Mr. Buckle ya halarci sauti na lantarki da kuma sarrafa hoto a bikin Tunawa da Sanyi a San Francisco a shekarar 1966, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin zamanin mai cutar," in ji jaridar New York Times. "A cikin littafinsa The Testro-Cooling Acid Test, Tom Wolfe ya yi rubutu game da na'urar kera wutan lantarki ta Buchla tana kururuwa kamar mahaukaci ne na gaske."
"Shi kwararre ne kuma dan wasa - mai sha'awar shiga mafi kyawun ma'anar kalmar," in ji The Guardian, amininsa, mawaƙa Bob Ostertag. "Kusan duk abin da ya yi ba a taɓa ganin irin sa ba."
Bakla ya mutu a shekarar 2016 yana da shekara 69.
10 baƙin sata da ke faruwa a kai a kai a Amurka
Kowa ya ji labarin irin satar da aka saba yi. Akwai beran sata masu amfani, kamar sata motoci da bayanan sirri, da ƙananan sata na yau da kullun, kamar su. Dangane da Nationalungiyar forasa na Rigakafin siyarwa, an saci kayayyakin da yawansu yawansu ya kai dala biliyan 13 a shekara daga hannun dillalai daban-daban a Amurka. Wannan shine sama da dala miliyan 35 da aka sata a rana.
Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta ce matan sun fi satar kayan kwalliya, sutura, kayan adon mata, da turare. Maza sun fi son kayan lantarki, musamman talabijin da kayan aikin wutar lantarki.
Koyaya, mutane suna satar abubuwa da yawa fiye da abubuwan abubuwa masu kyau da masana'antar nishaɗi. Har yanzu akwai tsauraran matakan da mutane ke ɗauka don ɗaukar abin da ba nasu ba. Kowace jihar Amurka tana da abubuwan ban-bancin da suke sanyawa ta banbanta, musamman idan aka batun abin da mutane suke sata da me yasa.
10. Alamomin shiga (Washington)
A cikin 2012, Washington tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin farko (masu alaƙa da Colorado) don halatta marijuana. Koyaya, akwai babbar matsala wacce ba wanda zai iya hango ta. Ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba a hana satar Mage 420.
Ga waɗanda ba su sani ba tukuna, lambar 420 tana da mahimmanci a cikin al'adun amfani da cannabis. Wasu sun ce ya samo asali ne azaman lambar sanda ga abubuwan da suka faru na marijuana, yayin da wasu suka yi imani cewa al'adar ta fara ne daga gungun ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a cikin shekarun 1970 waɗanda suke shan taba a 16:20 kowace rana bayan makaranta.
Ba tare da la'akari da asalinsa ba, wannan sanannen lokacin ne don shan taba sako, musamman a ranar 20 ga Afrilu. Ko an dauki sa'a mai kyau ko kuma kawai wani uzuri don ɗaukar buzz, "420" ya zama sananne. Tun daga 2012, aƙalla 608 na waɗannan alamun an maye gurbinsu. Wani maimaicin gama gari da ya ɓace shine lambar 69 (don dalilai bayyane).
Wannan wahalar kuɗi ce ga masu biyan haraji da haɗarin tsaro. Yakamata alamun alama alama alama ce ta ƙasa kawai, amma 'yan asalin Washington ba za su iya yin komai game da hakan ba. Wannan wawancin wargi na iya haifar da tuhumar mai sahihanci har ma ya kai kwanaki 90 a gidan yari. Ana bayar da tarar $ 1,000 a wasu lokuta, amma wannan bai isa ba don rufe farashin sauya alamar.
Wadannan abubuwan karfafa gwiwa don bin doka basu isa hana mutane ba. Hanyoyin titin Washington suna da alamun alamun mil 8,245, kuma har yanzu ba a ga 200 ba, kamar a watan Janairu na 2019.
Ma'aikatar sufuri ta Washington ta fito da wata hanya ta musamman don magance wadannan azzaluman matasa.Madadin riƙe lambar "420", halin zai ƙunshi lambar "419.9", misali. Da alama yana aiki wani lokaci.
9. Kayan aikin gida daga wuraren binnewa (Missouri)
Fim ɗin ɗan takarar Steven Spielberg na Poltergeist ya nuna a fili cewa ɓarkewa a makabartar kabilun Americanasar Amurka na iya ƙare da kyau. Ba tare da ambaton cewa ba shi da tausayi ga ativean asalin Amurkawa.
Koyaya, mutane a bayyane suna tono kasusuwa da kayayyakin tarihi don riba ta haram, kuma Missouri cike yake da wuraren binciken kayan tarihi. Kuna buƙatar kawai tono rami.
Tun daga shekarun 1800s, iyalai sun hallara a ranakun Lahadin zuwa ranakun kaburburan 'yan asalin Amurka don neman kayan tarihi. Abin takaici, a cikin tsaunin Ozark na zamani na Missouri, wannan mummunar al'adar tana rayuwa ne bisa godiya ga gungun mutane da ake kira "masu farauta."
Wannan sunan barkwanci ne don masu jaraba, waɗanda ake kira "tweakers," waɗanda suke "haƙa" duk wani abu mai mahimmanci. Wadannan kayayyakin tarihi masu daraja da aka sata galibi ana siyar dasu ne don magunguna.
Masana sun lura da wannan alakar tsakanin masu siyar da muggan kwayoyi. Sgt. Kevin Glaser na kungiyar tsaro ta kudu maso gabashin Missouri akan Magunguna ya ce: "Mun shiga gidan tare da meth kuma mun sami gangare da kibiya a zahiri."
Marauders sun san cewa ƙwararren kibiya mai tsada, kamar Dalton a kusan 8000 BC, yawanci farashin $ 200 ne. Rowsananan kibiyoyi na iya kawo $ 20, idan ba ƙari ba. Sau ɗaya a kasuwar ƙyamar gida wani kwanyar mutum har ya bayyana a kan siyarwa.
8. Parcels (New Mexico)
New Mexico tana da mummunar matsala game da masu fashin teku. Dangane da binciken da yanar gizo ta Blink, wani kamfanin samar da tsaro na gida, mazauna New Mexico suka yi kusan sau shida sun fi satar samun kyautar Kirsimeti daga kofar gidansu sama da mazauna sauran jihohin Amurka.
Kafin fara hutun lokacin hutu, Nuwamba ya kawo mana watan Fadakarwa game da satar kunnuwa, amma hakan bai taimaka da yawa ba wajen kawar da masu fafutuka. Ana yawan satar akwatuna kai tsaye bayan sun isa farfajiyar gaban.
Hanya guda daya da ‘yan ƙasa za su iya magance wannan matsala ita ce kama ɓarayi a kan hanyoyin sa ido a gida. Wani jami’in ‘yan sanda na Albuquerque, Simon Drobik ya ce mazauna karkara na daukar lamarin a hannun su.
Mutane a cikin jama’ar gari suna lamuran ɓarayi tare da kunshe-kunshe cikin kunshin da aka sanya a ƙofar masu su. Da zaran kamerar su ta lura da mutum a aikace, barawo yana tsare. Abin da ke ba da wannan abin da ke kara firgita shi ne cewa kyamarorin sun fara kama wasu yan fashin teku masu makamin gaske, musamman bindigogi.
7. Bishiyoyi (Kentucky)
Yin giciye masana'antu ne wanda ya kai dala biliyan 12.8, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa satar itace matsala ce. A Kentucky, masu mallakar ƙasa ba koyaushe suna zaune a kan abin da suke mallaka ba. Misali, mutane kanyi watanni na bazara a gidajen hutursu, kuma daga karshe su koma wuraren aikin bishiyoyinsu da suka lalace, wadanda barayin suka lalata.
Akwai hadadden aiki da ake buƙata don yin hakan. Suna tara ɗaruruwan bishiyoyi a cikin wata ɗaya ko biyu kuma suna barin hurumi na kututture da bishiyoyi.
Wataƙila dalilin satar itace ya shahara sosai saboda tilasta doka bata son motsawa don bincika irin waɗannan lamuran. Suna gaya wa wadanda abin ya shafa da su shigar da kara a kan masu shigar da kara ba bisa ka'ida ba su tsaya a wurin. Amma yana iya ɗaukar fiye da shekaru goma kafin yanke shawara.
Da yawa ba za su iya samun irin wannan hanyar ba, don haka ba a yin gunaguni. Tun da ba a tattara bayanan sata ba, ba wanda ya san yawan ɓoye bishiyoyi da aka sata a Kentucky. Za'a iya siyar da itace ɗaya a kan katako ba tare da takaddun dubban daloli ba. Da zarar an dasa katako, to ba za a sa ido a kansa ba.
6. Keken keke (Oregon)
Ba tare da wata damuwa ba, jihar, da ake wa lakabi da "Bike City USA," tana fuskantar rikicin sata keken hannu. Portland ta kashe miliyoyi don inganta abubuwan hawa, amma idan kekunan sun kasance a kan ci gaba, to ɓarawon nasu ma.
Oregon ko da yana da zane a gare su: "abokan ciniki na yau da kullun." An bai wa sunan barayi ne saboda ƙwararrun masana sun yi imanin cewa kekunan da aka sata za su ci gaba da yawan mutane da yawa kuma sau da yawa. Kevin Demer, mataimakin lauya a yanki na Multnomah County Division Laifukan Laifuka, ya ce: "Dokar 80-20 ta shafi - kashi 20 na masu laifi suna aikata kashi 80 na lalacewa."
Bayanan ofishin 'yan sanda na Portland ya ƙunshi bayanan sata bike 13,000, wanda ya haifar da kama 2 bisa ɗari kawai. Yawancin mutane ba su damu ba har su sanar da 'yan sanda.
Matsalar ita ce ba zai yuwu a kama ɓarawon kekuna ba - har ma da matsala mafi daurewa a ɗauke shi da laifi. Ko da 'yan sanda sun gano cewa wani yana hawa keke da lambar serial da aka bayar da rahoton an sace, babu wata hanyar da za ta iya tabbatar da cewa mai keke ya san cewa an saci keken.
Portland har ma yana da wuri wanda ya yi nisa da waƙar da aka doke, wanda ake kira "makabartar bike." Wannan ainihin babban tarin tarin sassan kekunan da aka watsar da su ne da kayan aiki masu lalacewa a karkashin titin. Barayi sukan ɓoye a nan, saboda motsi yana hana buzayen kayan aikin su lokacin da suka gyara, gyara, da kuma rarraba kekunan da aka sata a cikin sassan.
5. Dabbobin shanu (Texas)
Barayin shanu har yanzu suna da yawa a Texas, babbar ƙasar da ke samar da naman sa. Bajim da ba a ambata ba, dabbar da namiji ya kawo, ya kawo kusan $ 3,000. Sauran, daga tuƙi zuwa heifers, farashin kusan $ 1,000.
Dabbobi suna da daraja a Texas kuma wannan yana sa ya ba da sha'awa ga ɓarayi. Don haka, majalisar dokokin Texas ta kafa wani nau'in hukunci na daban don satar shanu. Idan kayi sata har ma da ƙarancin shanu 10 a Texas, wannan yayi daidai da shekaru 10 a gidan yari na jihar.
Lokacin da masu satar mutane suke satar shanu, suna aikata laifi na digiri na uku. A cikin 2014, ɗaurin kurkuku ya yi shekaru 240. A watan Janairun 2019, William "Willie" Rittenbo ya shiga hannun sa a wani gidan kurkuku na Hill County, kurkukun Texas, maimakon tarar $ 1 miliyan saboda satar shanu da yawa.
4. Takaddun lasisin (Colorado)
Sata faranti na lasisin a Colorado babban laifi ne, wanda adadin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Yawan su ya karu daga 20 a shekarar 2017 zuwa 300 a shekarar 2018.
Denver yanki ne mai zafi. Kowace rana, faranti masu lasisi suna tashi kamar wuri mai zafi. Don shawo kan wannan laifi, Sashen 'yan sanda na Denver ya kasafta kulle-kullen na musamman don cire farantin lasisin ya zama da wahala.
Koyaya, abin da ke damun barawo shima ciwo ne ga masu. Wadannan 'yan ƙasa a yanzu suna da matsaloli tare da buƙatar sayan kayan aikin musamman don cire farantin lasisi, kuma ana tilasta su tuntuɓar ofishin' yan sanda don neman taimako lokacin da suke buƙatar cire shi.
Mutane suna satar su saboda dalilai daban-daban - daga dakatar da lasisin tuki zuwa tuki motar da aka sata. Wataƙila basu da inshorar mota.
Increaseara yawan adadin lambobin satar lasisin abisa fargaba. Da alama zai yi kyau mazaunan Colorado su duba alamun kafin su tafi aiki da safe, saboda an tara mutane saboda faranti masu lasisi fiye da kowane lokaci.
3. Karfe (New Jersey)
A New Jersey, ɗayan mafi munin matsalolin zalunci na opioid a Amurka. A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Magunguna ta Kasa, yawan mace-mace a New Jersey a cikin 2016 daga yawan maganin tabar heroin da painkillers shine mutuwar 16 a cikin mazaunan 100,000, wanda ya zarce matsakaiciyar ƙasa.
Lokacin da aka sami irin wannan matsala na jaraba, yakan haifar da sata mai yawa. A New Jersey, sata da baƙin ƙarfe na taimaka wajan shaye-shayen kwayoyi Hukumar Bincike ta Jiha ta ba da shaidar cewa masu shan muggan kwayoyi suna satar da ƙarfe daga ɗaukar guda zuwa kusan sau biyar a rana.
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, haramtacciyar fataucin kayan kwalliyar karafa tana sanya masu biyan haraji wata dama, wacce tafi canji da murfin igiya da manhole, da kuma gyara tsirrai. Mutane sukan tsinke ƙarfe kai tsaye daga hasumiyar tantanin halitta, tsirrai, har ma a makabartu domin su sayar da sauri ga manyan motoci, shagunan ƙarfe da kuma shagunan hannayen jifa.
A cewar Hukumar Binciken Gwamnatin, masu irin wannan shagunan suna karfafa halayyar barayi ne masu wuce gona da iri. A halin yanzu, ba don tabbatar da sahihancin laifi ko takaddun asalin asalin ƙarfe ba. Don haka, idan kowane waya na tagulla alamar alama ce ta karamar hukuma ko kamfanonin sadarwa, ana karɓa ba tare da tambaya ba.
2. Dabbobin gida (New York)
Kenungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka ta yi iƙirarin cewa "satar dabbobi" tana haɓaka, amma wannan yakamata a kira shi satar. Ga mafi yawan mutane, dabbobi dabbobin gida ne. Wasu ma sun yarda cewa sun fi mutane daraja.
Don haka yana da matukar ban tausayi cewa laifuffuka suna da yawa sosai don an tilasta wa jihohi su ƙara ƙarar da kudin sata dabbobi. Ba a sabunta Dokar Jihar New York game da sata, lahani, ko safarar dabbobi ba kusan shekara 50. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, New York ya ƙaru mafi ƙarar daga $ 200 zuwa $ 1,000 don sata Bobik.
Dogananan kuli kare musamman barayi a cikin New York. Su ne mashahuran karnuka a cikin birni, inda wuraren zama na birni suka cika maƙil fiye da sauran wurare. Misali, ana iya siyar da karamin York a cikin dubun dubatan.
An sace dabbobi daga masu mallakar a cikin shakatawa da kuma cikin gidajen su, har ma kai tsaye daga kantin sayar da dabbobi.
1. Gwangwani amwarar Rana (Hawaii)
A Hawaii, satar naman gwangwani Spam naman alade babbar matsala ce. Spam, samfurin da aka fi so akan tsibiran, ana iya samun shi a cikin kabad kusan kowane mazaunin. Ana amfani dashi a cikin dukkan nau'ikan jita-jita - daga "shinkafa da aka soya tare da Spam" zuwa "ƙwaiƙun da aka harba tare da Spam".
Shahararsa ta ƙaru yayin Yaƙin Duniya na II, lokacin da nama na yau da kullun ya fi wahalar samu. Amma a yau, al'adar (wasu sun faɗi ra'ayi) suna ci gaba. Hawaiians suna cin abinci mafi yawa na Spam fiye da kowane yanki, i.e fiye da kilogram miliyan biyu na Spam kowace shekara.
Yawancin wannan ƙaunataccen 'nama mai banƙyama' na iya zama dalilin cewa ya zama nau'i na kuɗi a ƙarƙashin tsibirin Hawaiian. Daga ma'aurata zuwa dollarsan dala dala, sata fakitoci 12 na iya taimaka wa mai shan kwaya ya sami wani kashi. Shagunan kantin Hawaiian yanzu suna aje gwangwani na Spam. Lokacin da akwai irin wannan babbar buƙata, kullun za a sami kasuwar fata a kusa da ita.
ta
Jinin gwal shine mafi girman jini kuma mafi mahimmanci a cikin duniya.
Jini mai launin zinare, ko jini wanda ba shi da ƙarancin Rh, wani rukuni ne na jini da ba a taɓa samu ba wanda aka gano a cikin mutane 43 ne kawai a duniya cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata. Yana cikin buƙatun duka biyu ga binciken kimiyya da kuma zubar da jini. Koyaya, yana da haɗari ga rayuwa ga mutanen da jikinsu ke gudana, saboda rashirsa.
Don fahimtar jinin zinare, da farko kuna buƙatar ma'amala da sauran rukunin jini. Jinin na iya yin daidai iri ɗaya a cikin kowane mutum, amma a zahiri ya banbanta. A saman kowane ɗayan sel jini ja akwai antigens 342 - kwayoyin waɗanda ke haifar da wasu ƙwararrun sunadarai da ake kira ƙwayoyin cuta. Rashin wasu kwayoyin ne ke tantance irin jinin dan adam. Kimanin kimanin 160 na waɗannan antigens ana ɗauka na kowa ne, wato, suna kan samanɓar sel jini mafi yawancin mutanen duniya. Idan wani ba shi da antigen wanda aka samo a cikin kashi 99 na dukkan mutane, to ana ganin jinin mutumin ɗinbin abu ne, idan kuma ba shi da maganin da kashi 99.99 na mutane ke da shi, to ana ganin jininsa yana da ƙaranci.
Magungunan antigens 342 da aka sani suna cikin tsarin rukuni na jini guda 35, wanda Rh, ko "Rhesus", shine mafi girma, tare da antigens 61. Sau da yawa mutane basa rasa ɗayan waɗannan antigens. Misali, a cikin jinin kusan kashi 15% na tseren Caucasoid, D antigen, mafi mahimmancin Rh antigen, ya ɓace, wanda ke sa su mummunan tasiri Rh. Akasin haka, ƙungiyoyin jini tare da mummunan Rh factor ba su da yawa a cikin yawan mutanen Asiya (kashi 0.3). Amma idan mutum ya rasa dukkanin ƙwayoyin cutuka na Rh? Ko da rabin ƙarni da suka wuce, likitoci sun yi imani da cewa irin wannan tayi amfanoni ba sa iya rayuwa har cikin mahaifa, ba tare da ambaton haɓaka su zama cikakku na lafiya ba. Koyaya, a cikin 1961, an gano wani ɗan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya da ke da jini tare da ƙarancin Rh. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba ta da antigens Rh a cikin jininta, wanda a wannan lokacin kamar ba abin yarda bane. Tun daga wannan lokacin, mutane 43 waɗanda ke da rarar ƙwayar Rh ba a gano su ba a duk duniya.
Jini da sifilin Rhesus factor ana kiransa "zinari" saboda dalilai biyu. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine, cikakkiyar rashi na maganin antgens yana nufin "jini na zinariya" wanda kowa zai iya ɗauka tare da rukunin jini mai rauni a cikin tsarin factor Rh. Itsarfinta don ceton rayuka yana da girma da yawa duk da cewa samfuran da aka bayar ga bankunan jini ba a san su ba, masana kimiyya galibi suna ƙoƙarin bibiyar masu ba da gudummawa da ƙimar Rh don tambayar su don ƙarin gudummawa Koyaya, saboda ƙarancinsa, ana amfani da jinin zinare a cikin mafi mahimmancin yanayi, tunda kusan ba zai yiwu a maye gurbinsa ba.
Haka kuma, jinin zinare na da matukar mahimmanci a kimiyance domin yana iya taimakawa masu bincike su gano asirin aikin kimiyyar halittar tsarin halittar abubuwan da suke rikitarwa.
Jini tare da sifilin Rhesus factor za a iya zuba a cikin kowa da jini tare da mummunan Rhesus factor, don haka masana kimiyya sun ce ya cancanci nauyinsa a cikin zinare. Amma idan mutumin da aka haife shi da irin wannan nau'in jini na sabon abu yana buƙatar zubar da jini? Wannan na iya zama babbar matsala, saboda jini kawai da ke da ƙarancin Rh ba ya dace da jikinsu ba. Akwai haɗari ga rayuwa tare da jinin zinare. Idan suka karɓi jini daga mutumin da ke da tasirin ƙwayar cuta ta Rh, wannan na iya haifar da mummunan tasirin garkuwar jiki a jikinsu.
A cikin 2014, mujallar The Atlantic ta rubuta game da Thomas, ɗayan 43 na mazaunin duniyar wanda ke da jini tare da ƙarancin Rh, kuma game da matakan da ya ɗauka a duk rayuwarsa don kada su kasance cikin yanayi lokacin da ya za a nemi zubar jini. Lokacin da yake yaro, iyayensa basu yarda ya tafi sansanin bazara ba, suna tsoron haɗari zai iya faruwa da shi. Lokacin da yake saurayi, koyaushe yana jagorantar motar kuma ba ta taɓa tafiya zuwa ƙasashen da babu asibitocin zamani. Ya kuma kwashe katin na musamman tare da shi, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa shi mai mallakar nau'in jinsi ne da ba a san shi ba, idan har yana asibiti.
Jinin zina duk la'ana ne da albarka. A gefe guda, kuna da damar da za ku ceci rayukan mutane masu ƙididdigewa kawai ta hanyar ba da gudummawar jini, amma a ɗayan, kuna damuwa koyaushe don guje wa yanayi inda zaku buƙaci zub da jini.
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Trochilidae |
Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Fasali: | Tsuntsaye |
Squad: | Siffar-zoben(Abubuwan ban dariya) |
Iyali: | Hummingbird |
Jinsi: | Hummingbird |
Tsayin Jikin: | 7-22 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 2-6 cm |
Weight: | 2-20g |
Bayanin Bird
Hoton wani hoton hummingbird a jirgin sama
Hummingbirds sune kananan tsuntsayen duniya. Sun yi kama da malam buɗe ido ko kwari masu girma. Mafi qarancin hummingbird yana da nauyin 2.Matsakaicin matsakaicin yawancin jinsuna shine 15-20 grams. Tsawon tsuntsu mai balagaggu (daga bakin beak zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya) ya bambanta tsakanin santimita 7-20. Tsawon beak shine 1/3 na jimlar.
Bayyanar
Hummingbird akan itace
Hummsbirds suna da haɓaka mai dogo mai kauri, wanda tsuntsu yake fitar da ƙwannin fure da fure ba tare da ya zauna akan tsiro ba. A cikin baki an saka doguwar yaren da ya yi rubutu a ƙarshen. Yayin cinikin abinci, harshe ya fara fitowa daga baki, ya kan tashi cikin yawon shakatawa kuma ya tsotse ƙoshin fure a cikin rami na bakin. Ana amfani da baki na tsuntsu azaman kayan farmaki akan abokan gaba - tare da kaifi hummingbird kamar ana amfani da allura, idanuwansa sun soke idanunsa ko kuma su huda jikin kwari a cikin ta.
Tsuntsayen suna da faffadar fikafi, dogaye, fuka fukafukai a gefunan. A cikin jirgi, fuka-fukan su lanƙwasa sosai, wanda ke bawa hummingbird damar zurfin motsawa cikin babban lokacin farin ciki. Wutsiya itace gajarta, a cikin nau'ikan jinsunan hummingbirds zata iya zama zagaye ko kaifi a karshen, amma koyaushe yana kunshe da fuka-fukai guda 10 wadanda suke shimfidawa ga bangarorin.
Hummingbird kwari
Hummingbirds suna da gajeru, datti, ƙarancin kafafu. Ba su dace da tafiya a ƙasa ba, don haka tsuntsayen koyaushe suna cikin yanayin tashi. Tare da taimakon fikafikan su mai ƙarfi, "aiki" kamar mai siyarwa, tsuntsaye na iya rataye a cikin iska na dogon lokaci.
Kyauron launuka masu launi wanda ke lullube dusar rana alama ce ta abar tunawa da ɗan adam. A cikin tsarin launi akwai emerald, na sama, Scarlet, sautunan cream. Wasu 'yan uwa suna da kyakyawan Crest ko abin wuya. Ana fentin ciki a launin toka ko fari. Baya da kai suna cikin duhu kore. Fuka-fukai da wutsiyarsu sunfi duhu baya. Mafi tsananin gashin gashin wutsiya baƙi ne. Makogwaro (abin wuya) - kore tare da rawaya da ja suna baza. Beak da idanu baƙi.
Tsuntsu na Hummingbird yana zaune a kan reshe
A karkashin rana, tsuntsu yana yin iyo duk launuka na bakan gizo. Tsarin gashin fuka-fukai yana karkatar da launuka gashin fuka-fuka, haskensu yayi kama da na karafa masu mahimmanci.
Wsudan wasu nau'ikan hummingbird an zana su zuwa saman tafin. Gashinsa, a jikin wata gabar, dan kadan farare ne.
Abubuwan jima'i ana bayyana su a cikin ƙoshin gashin fuka-fukan. Maza suna da kyau sosai a bango na fuka-fukan fuka-fukai masu kyau.
A cikin hoto, wani hummingbird yana zaune a reshen itace.
Hummingbird molt yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara. Yana faruwa tare da ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, a cikin tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna wuce watanni 4-5, a zauna - har zuwa watanni 3. Da farko, gashin fuka-fukan farko akan fuka-fukan da wutsiya suke canzawa, sannan zubar da makogwaro, kunci da kai ya faru.
Yawan shanyewar jiki suna yin hura wuta
Hummingbird tana buɗe fikafikan sa
A cikin jirgin sama, fikafikan hummingbird yana tanƙwara, yana ɗauke da sifar takwas. Kasancewa cikin motsi, suna juya da sauri gefe ɗaya ko ɗayan. Saurin fashewar fikafikan yana da sauri sosai har mai lura da gani kawai yake kawai yana hango halo kewaye da tsuntsun nan sai yaji wata kara mai sauti. A daya cikin sakan na biyu, wani nau'in hummingbird yana sarrafa yadda zai iya kauda fikafikansa fuka-fuki sau 10 zuwa 100. Karamin tsuntsu, da sauri yakan fuka fukafukinsa. Manyan manyan hummingbirds suna yin bugun 8-10 a sakan daya, yayin da ƙananan hummingbirds suke yin bugun jini ɗari a lokaci daya. A lokacin wasannin tsalle-tsalle, yawan lamura yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. A matsakaici, hummingbirds na iya ninka fuka-fuki sau 150-200 a sakan na biyu.
Hummingbird ya tashi zuwa fure
Hummingbirds suna yawan cin lokaci a cikin iska, suna sauka akan tsinkayensu galibi da daddare. Theungiyoyin da hummingbird ba su yi daidai da motsin sauran tsuntsaye ba. Gudun jirginsu yayi kama da tserewar dawakai a cikin iska. Suna ko dai suyi birgima sama sama, sa’annan su fadi sosai, sannan su kwatanta da'ira. Sakamakon tsananin saurin buɗe fikafikan, hummingbirds na iya tsayawa a cikin iska.
Zuciyar Hummingbird
Tsuntsu na Hummingbird zaune akan waya
Hummingbirds sun inganta ƙwayar zuciya. Zuciya ta mamaye kashi 40 cikin dari na jikin mutum, yayin da ciki yake kashi 5% cikin dari kawai. 2.5% na nauyin jikin yana cikin zuciya. Babban girman zuciyar yana bawa tsuntsu damar kasancewa cikin yanayin aiki na sa'o'i 20 a rana. Yayin motsa jiki, zuciyar tsuntsun tayi sama da dubu 1,5 a minti daya. Maganin motsa jiki yana sauka a lokacin bacci na dare. A hutawa, zuciya tana yin bugun 500 a minti daya.
Menene hummingbird yake ci?
Hummingbird yana shan lectar.
Hummingbirds suna ciyar da fure na fure ciyawa da ciyawa. Har ila yau, suna shan ruwan fure, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan kwari. Abincin Hummingbird ya haɗa da pollen - mai ba da amino acid mai mahimmanci. Arthropods suna samar da furotin. Abincin furotin shine 1/10 na abincin.
Hummingbirds sune tsuntsayen masu cin abinci masu yawa a doron duniya. Suna cin abinci sau biyu a rana kamar yadda tsuntsayen kansu suke nauyi. Wannan adadin abinci ya zama dole don kula da haɓakar metabolism da kuma kula da zafin jiki a cikin halin ƙirar.
Hummingbird ya tashi zuwa fure
Don biyan bukatun su, ana tilasta hummingbirds su ci kowane minti 20. Suna tashi sama da furanni dubu 2 a rana. Ciyar da tsuntsu yana faruwa a cikin iska. Wani hummingbird, wanda yake tashi sama zuwa fure, yana buɗe doguwar harshe, wanda aka nema a ƙarshen, ya shiga cibiyar ya tsotse ruwan ɗumi mai dadi a bakinsa. Nectar yana shiga cikin esophagus, sannan kuma nan da nan ya shiga cikin hanjin, ta wuce ciki. Cutar ciki tana narkewa kawai kwari, wanda hummingbird yake kamawa a kan tashi. Babban abincin asalin dabbobi shine wasuna, jakadu, gizo-gizo, tururuwa da kuma kwari.
Hummingbird yana ihu a cikin iska don cin abinci
Kowane tsuntsu yana da nasa yankin don abinci. Rarraba ciyawar kiwo takan ba dubban dubunnan tsuntsaye damar rayuwa cikin jin daɗi a cikin iyaka iri ɗaya. Tsuntsaye suna zaune su kaɗaici kuma basa barin masu gasa su shiga yankinsu. Sun kāre “karamar fian ƙasarsu” da ƙarfi, suna hanzari ga mai laifin kuma suka shirya yaƙi. Maza ba sa barin yankunansu harda mace da tayi saurin haduwa. Don tsoratar da mai yin gasa daga yankinsa, tsuntsu ya fara cinye abincin a gefen gonar ta mai abinci.
Yankin
Hummingbird a cikin jirgin
Hummingbirds suna zaune ne a Yammacin Hemisphere kuma suna zaune Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Mafi yawa daga cikin yawan jama'ar an mai da hankali ne a kwarin Amazon da kuma gefen Andes. Wadannan tsuntsayen yanayin zafi da ke cike da canjin yanayi. Yawancin nau'ikan hummingbirds suna tsatstsauran ra'ayi. Akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan yanayi. A cikin hunturu, suna ƙaura zuwa yankuna masu ɗumi, suna yin zirga-zirga na kilomita 1,500.
Orange hummingbird yana tashi cikin iska
Akwai ra'ayi cewa hummingbirds ba sa rayuwa a cikin wani yanayi kamar na Rasha. Koyaya, akwai nau'in tsuntsayen da ke son yankin canjin yanayi na Rasha. Wannan itace tatsuniyar hummingbird wacce tsibirin Ratmanov suka zaba. Dangane da wasu rahotanni, tsuntsayen wannan nau'in sun bayyana tare da tsari mai kyau a Chukotka da Tsibirin Wrangel. Hunturu "Rasha" na hummingbirds a Arewacin Amurka.
Habitat
Tsuntsu hummingbird a cikin gida
Tsuntsayen gidaje cikin gandun daji mai zafi, a tsaunuka, a filaye, har ma a cikin daji. Wasu nau'ikan sun mamaye manyan yankuna, wasu nau'ikan sun zauna karamin yanki - saman dutsen ko zurfin ƙasa. Mafi sau da yawa, tsuntsaye suna zaune a kan iyakar daga tsauni zuwa gandun daji na ƙafafun tsayin tsayin mita 2500. A yanki daya, daga nau'ikan hummingbird biyu zuwa 20 suna kusa da juna. A cikin lokacin ƙaura, bambancin nau'in a wasu yankuna yana ƙaruwa zuwa nau'in 50.
Rayuwa
Kyawawan tsuntsu hummingbird
Hummingbirds tsuntsaye ne masu aiki da yanayin rayuwa mara rai. Manyan tsuntsayen tafi-da-gidanka yayin lokacin awowi. Yayin rana, kullun suna cikin neman abinci, suna yin jiragen sama marasa iyaka daga fure zuwa fure. Zafin jiki ya kai digiri 42. A dare, tsuntsayen su fada cikin wawa - yanayin tsayayye wanda jikinsa yayi sanyi zuwa digiri 32, kuma bugun jini yayi saurin sauka. Numbness abu ne mai mahimmanci a rayuwar humaira. Saboda karancin abinci da daddare, hummingbirds na iya mutuwa. Saboda haka, don adana makamashi, tsuntsu yayi hibernates kafin wayewar gari. Kasuwanci yana riƙe da ikon isa ga haskoki na rana da sake ruri don neman abinci.
Duk da girmanta, hummingbirds tsuntsaye ne marasa tsoro. Idan tsuntsu mai fuka ko danginsa suna cikin haɗari, yana nuna yanke shawara da ƙarfin hali na ban mamaki. Hummingbirds basa tsoron macizai ko mayu ko gizo-gizo.
Hummingbird
Waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen ba sa tsoron ɗan adam. Yawancin lokaci sukan shirya gidaje kusa da mutane. Ana iya ciyar dasu ta hanyar watsa ruwa mai dadi akai-akai a cikin sanannen wuri. Ya saba da irin wannan baƙuwar, hummingbirds suna nuna kamar dabbobi.
Hummingbirds suna da wahalar sadarwa tare da irin nasu. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da son kai ne kawai. Sun gwammace su zauna shi kadai, suna tarawa daga jakar kawai idan tilastawa yin hijira ko farauta macizai da tsuntsayen.
Kiwo
A cikin hoto, mace da namiji suna zaune a kan katako
Hummingbirds tsuntsaye ne masu yawa. Sukan yi nau'i-nau'i ne domin takin qwai. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankuna na kudu suna farawa shekara-shekara; a cikin nau'in arewaci, lokacin damuna yakan faɗi a cikin rani. Maza a lokutan kiwo suna shirya yaƙe-yaƙe mai tsanani don ƙasa da mace da suke so. Kashi 70% na lokacin da suke waka, sau da yawa cikin waƙoƙi, domin waƙar tayi sauti koyaushe. Wasu nau'ikan hummingbirds a lokacin waƙoƙi suna shirya zanga-zangar - suna buɗe fikafikansu da wutsiya zuwa bugun waƙar. Yayin da mace ta kusanto, namiji zai fara rairawa da sauri. Matar, zabar abokin tarayya, tana zaune kusa da shi, wanda ke ƙarfafa shi ya aura. Nan da nan bayan an yi wannan aika-aikar, namiji ya bar ta don neman wata sabuwar "matar."
Hummingbird zaune kusa da wata fure
Maza ba sa shiga cikin kyankyasar da ɗiyan zuriya. Dukkanin nauyin da mace take ɗauka. Tana gina gida, tana ƙyashe ƙwai, sannan ta ciyar da jarirai. Kananan shimfidar-hummingbird mai siffa-ginin ana gina su ne daga gansakuka, ƙwallan lasis da cobwebs. Bottomashin da kewayen bangon an lullube shi da gashinsa da gashinsa. Mace na hummingbird tana tsara mazaunin ta akan rassan itace na bakin ciki ko kuma baƙin ciki. Gidan yana haɗe zuwa saman tare da taimakon ƙwayar tsuntsaye. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10 kafin a gina gida.
Dangane da abubuwan lura da masu ilimin kwalliyar dabbobi, kajin hummingbird da ke girma a cikin dakunan da aka rufe suna fara yin sautin farko a cikin mako-mako. Koyaya, kullun dabbobinsu yana jan hankalin masu farauta. Saboda haka, an tilasta wa mace ta juya buɗaɗɗun buɗe - kajin suna yin shuru a rana.
Hummingbird mace tare da kajin
Matar dole ne ta koma ga dabaru iri daban-daban don kada maharbanta su lura da gida. Don haka, alal misali, yayin da ake kusantar da gida ko kuma tafi da ita, ɗan hummingbird yana yin wasan zigzag mai kama da faɗuwar ganye. Ko da saurin tsuntsu yayi daidai da saurin ganye. Lokacin da ta tashi daga gida, mace hummingbird tana kwaikwayon gudu daga asu, don haka ta jawo hankalin kanta, ba ga gida ba.
Qwai hummingbird a cikin gida
Lokaci guda, mace na sanya fararen qwai biyu. Girman qwai na hummingbird shine 11 * 8 millimeters, kuma na babban hoton hummingbird shine 20 * 12 millimeters. Matsakaicin ƙwaƙwalwar kwai shine 0.7 grams. Yawancin hummingbirds suna yin kama ɗaya a shekara. Akwai wasu nau'in wadanda mata suke kwanansu qwai sau 2-3 a shekara. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan matan waɗanda offspringa firstansu na farko suka mutu a farkon matakan haɓaka yawanci suna sake kwanansu.
Hoton yana gwada maɓalli da girman ƙwai hummingbird
Hummingbirds masonry da sanyin safiya. Eggaya na farko kwai ya bayyana, kuma bayan kwana biyu biyun. Mace ta tsunduma cikin yin zuriya. Tana amfani da 90% na lokaci a cikin gida. A wannan lokacin, mace tana nuna haushi ga baƙi da ba a kulawa da su. Suna kare zuriyarsu, suna tausayawa bakinsu mai kaifi a cikin gizo-gizo mai gabatowa ko maciji. Don kada ku ji matsananciyar yunwa, mace hummingbird tana saukar da zafin jikinta daga digiri 41 zuwa 32 - don haka tana ajiyar wuta zuwa 50% na kuzari.
Hummingbird gida tare da qwai
Lokacin shiryawa yana makonni uku. Bayan kwanaki 21, kajin na millimita 5-7 a girman kyan gani.
Kayan kaji
Hoton dajin kaji
Chan kayan kajin suna bayyana makaho, tare da ɗan gajeren fitila mai haske a baya. Shortan gajeren ya yi tsawo da sauri. Mako na farko kajin ba sa sautin, kusan ba sa motsawa. Uwa, tana kawo abinci, tana taɓa kowane kuliyon - don haka sai ta sanar da thea aboutan game da farkon ciyarwa. Matar tana rufe abinci ta hanyar saka baki a bakin kajin. Abubuwan cin abinci na kananan dabbobi: ƙanana da ƙananan arthropods. Kayayen ke ciyar da abinci sau biyu a rana.
Kayan bacci suna jiran mama
Bayan kwanaki 10 na rayuwa, kajin suna bude idanunsu da gashinsu, wutsiya da baya. Hanyoyin muryoyin ba su inganta ba tukuna, jiki yana cikin wani yanayi mai fadi, amma, kajin sun riga sun fara tashi. Matar ta shayar da kajin na makonni biyu na farko, sannan jariran su fara sarrafa kai tsaye da kansu. A rana ta 14 na rayuwa, kajin ya kai kashi tamanin cikin dari na manya. Daga ranar 15, kajin suna zaune a gefen mazaunin. Suna zama masu aiki, duba ko'ina, tsabtace famfunan. Matar tana ciyar da kajin na kimanin wata guda. Lokacin yana da shekaru 25-30, kajin sun zama fuka-fuki kuma suna barin gida. Wani makonni 3-4, saurayi na gaba da uwa, wanda ke koyar da hanyoyin neman abinci. Theajin kajin ba mai haske kamar na tsuntsayen manya. Launin launuka daban-daban da halayyar zinare na hummingbirds sun bayyana a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa.
Magungunan Hummingbird
Akwai nau'ikan 350 na hummingbirds a duniya. Dukkansu suna zaune ne kawai a nahiyoyin Amurka. Kama tsuntsayen da ba'a sarrafa shi ba ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'ikan sun kasance a gefen ƙarshen nau'i. Yawancin hummingbird sun fi yawa a cikin Ecuador (nau'in 163), Venezuela (nau'in 80) da Columbia (nau'in 100). Yawancin nau'ikan halittu basu da ma'ana ga sauyin yanayi da yanayin rayuwa.
Humanticbird mai ban dariya
Gigantic hummingbird akan reshe
- Sunan Latin: Patagona gigas
- Weight: 18-20 g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Babban hummingbird mafi girma a cikin dangi. Nauyin mutum ya kai gram 22, tsawon jikin sa shine santimita 15.
Gigantic Hummingbird Ya tattara Nectar
Kyakkyawan ɗan hummingbird yana zaune a yammacin Latin Amurka, a cikin ƙafafun Andes. A lokacin rani, tsuntsaye sukan tashi a cikin dazuzzukan tuddai wadanda suke nisan mil 4,5. 'Ya'yansu ana haihuwa a can. A cikin hunturu, yi ƙaura zuwa ƙananan ƙasashe.
Giranticbird Gigantic yana zaune akan bishiya
Babban hoton hummingbird ana zane shi a launuka masu launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. Baya da kai yana haskakawa tare da tabarau masu launin kore, tari da ciki suna launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi. Gashin jikin jela suna launin toka mai duhu. Tushen fikafikan duhu duhu ne.
- Patagona gigas peruviana. Tana zaune a Ekwado, Peru, Bolivia, Chile.
- Patagona gigas. An rarraba shi a Chile da yamma ta Argentina.
Ruby Hummingbird
Ruby Hummingbird Hovering a cikin Sama
- Sunan Latin: Chrysolampis sauro
- Weight: 4g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Birdsananan tsuntsaye, masu nauyin 4-5, tsawon tsayin jiki - 9 santimita. Ruby hummingbird ya yadu sosai a tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka - Brazil, Columbia, Venezuela. Ana zaune dashi galibi ta gandun daji da savannahs.
Ruby hummingbird akan reshen itace
Mutane daban-daban na mata-maza suna da launi daban: a cikin maza, ramuwar kore ce, a cikin mata fara ce launin shuɗi. An bambanta 'yan matan Hummingbird ta kasance tare da rawaya naƙari da jan fuka-fukan a cikin ƙirjinsu.
Sanannen (ruby-throated, ja-toothed) archilochus ko na kowa (ruby-throated) hummingbird
Talakawa kayan tarihi na kwari
- Sunan Latin: Archilochus colubris
- Weight: 2-6 g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Wani nau'in hummingbird na Arewacin Amurka, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan wakilai na dangin hummingbird. Yawan nauyin jiki daga gram 2 zuwa 6. Tsawon jikin mutum shine santimita 7-9. Mingan wasan kwaikwayo na mutum hummingbird yana da gajerun fikafikai da dogon wutsiya. A baya launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi-kore, ciki mai haske launin toka ne. Maza suna da farin abin wuya mai haske.
Wani ɗan hummingbird na yau da kullun yana zaune a kan ginshiƙi.
Ruby-throated hummingbirds gida a kudancin Kanada da arewacin Amurka. Yi ƙaura zuwa tsakiyar Amurka don hunturu - zuwa Mexico da Cuba. Talakawa hummingbirds suna zaune kusa da mutum.
Calipta Anna
Kalipta Anna ta fuka fikafikan sa
- Sunan Latin: Calypte anna
- Weight: 4.5g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Tinyan ƙaramin tsuntsu mai nauyin gram 4,5 da tsayin jikin mutum wanda ya kai santimita 9-10. Ana bambanta mata daga maza ta launi na alkalami. A cikin tsuntsayen maza, launin yana da kore tare da tint na ƙarfe. Matar mahaifa tare da jan kunne. Namiji yana da ja da wuya. Tsuntsayen matasa sun rasa jan launi.
Calipta Anna a fure
Tsuntsayen jinsunan Calipta Anna da ke yammacin Yammacin Amurka. Mazaunin ya fi son zaɓan shukakkun tsirrai da ƙananannn ciyayi. Hakanan yana daidaitawa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni da ƙauyuka.
Plasma Topaz Hummingbird
Plasma topaz hummingbird yana zaune akan reshe
- Sunan Latin: Topaza pyra
- Weight: 4.5g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Babban nau'in tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka a cikin kogin Amazon River. Nauyin mutum ya kai giram 9-10, tsawon jikin shi shine santimita 13-14. Launi: kai na baki, kore mai nono mai shuɗi tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da bangon baƙi a kan iyakar. Scruff na wuya ya zama ja, a gashin fuka-fukan wutsiya ruwan lemo da haske ja. Cutar ciki ne na zinare a launi. Gashin gashin fuka-fikan suna da shunayya, saman fikafikan burgundy mai launin baki. Plasma topaz hummingbird shine yafi ciyar da kwari, da wuya ya kula da ƙarancin ciyawar.
Chestnut Crowned Hummingbird
Namiji da Namiji Chestnut Crowned Hummingbird
- Sunan Latin: Boissonneaua matthewsii
- Weight: 4.5g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Crowned hummingbird yana da nauyin gram 7-9, tsawon tsayin jiki - 10-12 santimita. Gefen ya yi kauri da gajeru. Umarfafa a cikin babba babba yana da kore mai haske, ana fentin kai a cikin inuwar lemun tsami. Akwai ƙwayayen launuka masu tsami a saman idanun. Lowerasan jiki yana da launin tubali. Mata suna da digo-ruwa mai kauri a wuyansu.
Chemingnut ya yi kambi da hummingbird wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Chestnut
Chestnut-kambi hummingbirds membobi ne na halittar kambi na hummingbirds. Ana samun wannan nau'in tsuntsaye a cikin gandun daji mai tsananin zafi na Andes a cikin Venezuela da Peru.
Buffy hummingbird ko ja selasforus
Buffy hummingbird yana kwance akan bishiya
- Sunan Latin: Selasphorus rufus
- Weight: 2.9-3.9 g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Iyakar hummingbird kawai da ke zaune a Rasha. Weight - 3.9 grams. Tsawon Jiki - 8.5 santimita. Wutsiya tana da fadi. Fuka-fukan suna gajeru kuma kunkuntar. Launin ocher hummingbird yana kama da na passerine. An fentin jiki a cikin tabarau masu launin ruwan kasa. Akwai wani wuri mai launin ja a kan makogwaro. Wutsiya tana da ja, fuka-fuki suna da launin ruwan kasa. A cikin mace, jikin na sama mai launin kore ne, ƙasan ya yi fari, kuma a makogwaron akwai fuka-fukan launin shuɗi da ja.
Red selasforus ƙoƙarin kashe
Hoffbird mai wahalan gaske yana zaune a Alaska da yammacin Amurka. Masu cin nasara a Meziko. Rayuwa a Rasha don hunturu yi ƙaura zuwa Tsakiyar Amurka.
Sparkling hummingbird
Harshen hummingbird mai walƙiya yana zaune akan waya mai ƙarfe
- Sunan Latin: Colibri coruscans
- Weight: 2.9-3.9 g
- Matsayi na Kare: Damuwa ta Damuwa
Tsuntsayen manya sunkai nauyin 8-9, kai tsawon jiki na tsawon santimita 14. Iyaye sun bambanta da maza ta gaban farin tabo a bayan ido. Ragowar filawa a cikin tsuntsaye shine shuɗi-kore, masu shimfiɗa a rana a cikin tabarau daban-daban.
Rarraba hummingbird akan reshen itace
Sparkling hummingbirds suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka daga Bolivia zuwa Argentina. Sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji mai yawa, a kan tsire-tsire na daji, lambuna. Nesting a cikin hanyar duwatsu. Ingancin nau'in: maza sun shiga cikin zuriyar.
Tsawon rayuwa
Hoto na hummingbird
Yawancin mutuwar suna mutuwa ne a cikin tsufan hummingbirds. Kashi 40% na kajin ke tsira. Babban mace-mace yana da alaƙa da yanayin yanayi mara kyau (makonni biyu na farko da sa stillan kodan har yanzu ba sa iya sarrafa zafin jiki da daskarewa), harin tsuntsayen ganima (faldayoyi, ɓoye, jemagu).
Hummingbird a kan mangwaro
Hummingbirds suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 5-8 a cikin daji. Akwai sanannen shari'ar lokacin da ɗan adam ya rayu shekaru 12. Rikodin ya ƙunshi mutane ne masu ɗaukar hoto mai ban mamaki da launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Tsuntsaye masu fara'a na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 3-4.
Hummingbird maƙiyi
Hummingbird maƙiyi - Tarantula Spider
Arean tsuntsaye ana cinye shi da jin daɗi daga tarantulas da macizai na bishiyoyi. Masu tsinkaye sun yi biris a kan mazaunin hummingbird kuma suna haɗiye mace da ƙwayayenta.
Lokacin da makiyi ya kusanto, sai hummingbird ya bawa wasu tsuntsayen siginar gargadi, wadanda suka kunshi jerin gajeran sautuna masu sauti. Haɗu a cikin ƙaramin garken, hummingbirds kai hari da hankaka da shaho. Suna gudu da karfi wurin kai harin, suna toshe idanun abokan gaba.
Wata maƙiya Hummingbird - Bat
Karka damu da cin karamin tsuntsu daga ganima, toucan dangi. Jematsuna suna kama mazaunin gida, dazuzzuka da kuma abubuwan da ke wucewa ta hanyar yawancin hummingbirds.
Mutumin da ya lalata ƙananan tsuntsaye don gashin fuka-fukin tsuntsayen da suke haskakawa a cikin rana yana da hannu wajen rage adadin hummingbirds.
Kuri'a
Hummingbird tsuntsu mai waka
Hummingbirds suna yin gajeriyar faɗakarwa wacce ta wuce rabin sa'a. Wasu lokuta sukan juya zuwa jerin kira. Muryar muryar ya bambanta da yanayin. Idan hatsari na gabatowa, tsuntsu zai fitar da siginar sauti mara karfi.
Murmushi ya ƙare tare da laryngeal mai kaifi, mara kyau ga kunnen ɗan adam, sauti. Kayan da suka girma yayin da theiran uwansu maza ke samar da gajeren zango na gajere. Tsarin maƙogwaro, daidai yake da na aku, suna nuna cewa hummingbirds suna iya koyon waƙar.
Hummingbird na waka zaune a kan marabus
Wasu nau'ikan hummingbirds suna yin tsayi, tsawan 2-3 na tsawon lokaci, waƙoƙin ihu. Kuma waƙoƙin ƙudan zuma mai ban tsoro na ƙarshe na 20-30 seconds. Waƙoƙin Hummingbird a lokacin matsewa suna da karin sauti, da ƙarfi. Ana iya jin sautunan mutum ɗaya nesa da mita 100.
Hummingbird zaune akan hannun mutum
Ana kiyaye ƙananan tsuntsaye kamar dabbobi. Ana adana hummingbirds a cikin wasu ƙananan kofuna ko akwatunan da ke cike da iska da keken ciki, kwano na sha da kuma wurin ciyarwa. Ana ciyar da kajin Hummingbird kowane mintina 15.
Karamin hummingbird
An saita gidan a gefen rana. A dare tsuntsaye sukan yi bacci mai nauyi. Idan an taɓa su, baza su motsa ba.
Hummingbirds suna rayuwa a cikin fursunoni ƙasa da na daji. Gaskiyar ita ce ga rayuwa cike da ƙoshin lafiya tsuntsu yana buƙatar ƙoshin itacen nectar, wanda ba shi yiwuwa haifuwa a gida. Bugu da kari, tsuntsaye da ke kurkuku a cikin keji ba su da aiki, kuma wannan yana haifar da katsewa a cikin aikin zuciya, cuta na rayuwa.
Hoton hummingbird da tsuntsu na ɗan adam
An girma Hummingbirds a California. Ga tsuntsaye, an ƙirƙiri yanayi na musamman, kusa da na halitta. Yaran dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin jirgin sama na musamman wanda ke kula da yanayin zafin da ake buƙata. An san lokuta da keɓaɓɓun lokacin da masana kimiyya suka sami damar haɗu da hummingbirds a cikin zaman talala. Gaskiyar ita ce an hana shi farin ciki na wasannin mating, tsuntsaye sun manta da aikin haihuwarsu. A karon farko, sun sami ci gaba a cikin gidan turai a cikin Jamus a 1977. Kimanin rabin karni, masana ilimin halittar dabbobi sun karbi zuriya daga nau'ikan 20 na hummingbirds, wanda yakai kashi daya bisa uku na duk nau'in halittar da suka shiga gwajin.
Bayanan Hummingbird mai ban sha'awa
Hummingbirds tashi daga baya
- A Cuba, ana kiran hummingbirds "zumzum" kuma ana ɗaukar su alama ce ta ƙauna.
- A cikin jirgin, wasu nau'ikan hummingbirds suna yin awoyi 20 a rana.
- Kudan zuma na Hummingbird sune maganin da aka fi so daga dutsin biri, yin addu'o'i da kifayen.
- An nuna hoton tsuntsuwar hummingbird a suturar makamai ta tsibirin na Trinidad da Tobago.
- Yayin hijirar, hummingbirds zasu iya shawo kan nesa da kilomita 800 a cikin awanni 20 ba tare da hutawa ba.
- Hummingbirds sune kawai tsuntsayen da na iya tashi da baya (a gefe guda). Gaskiya ne, tare da irin wannan jirgin, tsuntsaye da sauri sun gaji. Motsi gaba, hummingbirds ya isa saurin kilomita 80 a kowace awa.