Don mafi yawan lokuta, daji, amma a lokaci guda ana samun saurin zama a gida, minks suna sa jigon da yafi dacewa a tsakanin sauran dabbobi masu furci kuma sun bambanta da su cikin halayyar su mai kyau da wasa.
Mahalli saboda bambancin jinsuna kusan kusan yanki ne, duk da haka, bayan ƙaddara yanka a matsayin mai dabbobirage muhimmanci. Kiwo na minks ta hanyar dabbobin dabbobi ya shahara sosai kuma a halin yanzu, wannan ya faru ne saboda kyawun gashinsu da karuwar buƙatarta.
Bayanin da fasali
Mink - maharbi daga tsari irin na dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda yake dauke da wani jikin elongated wanda yake kama da wani sihiri. A cikin bayyanar, yana kama da ferret, sau da yawa suna rikicewa da juna saboda ƙananan wulakanci mai kama da ƙananan, waɗanda suke da wuya a lura cikin farin ulu, tare da kunnuwa masu zagaye.
Dabba tana da hakora masu kaifi, wanda ba tare da wahala ba zai iya cizon tafin mutum ya rataye shi tsawon lokaci. Don sa dabbar ta zama mai haɗari kuma ta buɗe muƙamuƙin, ya wajaba a ɗauka ta hanyar wuya a busa cikin hanci.
Godiya ga vibrissa, mink yana da kyakkyawar fara'a da taɓawa, amma gajerun kafafu sun ƙeta kan ikon sa na motsawa akan sauri. A kan kafafu akwai yatsun da aka rufe da Jawo, tsakanin su akwai membranes na iyo, wanda aka shimfida akan kafafun hular. Wannan yana ba da izinin mink don zama cikin kwalekwale cikin sauri kuma nutsar da ruwa ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma yana sanya tafiya a kan ƙasa bunƙasa.
Mink yana da ƙananan idanu, kuma gani yana da rauni sosai, sabili da haka, yayin farauta, dabbar tana dogara ne da kyakkyawan ƙanshin kamshi. Wannan yana ba ta babbar fa'ida a kan sauran masu farautar, saboda za ta iya yin farauta har ma da mutanen dare. Mink yana da amsawa game da walƙiya akan abubuwa masu motsi, amma idan ganima ya ɗauki matsakaicin matsayi, to zai sami damar da bai kamata ya ɓuya ba.
Maza sun bambanta cikin girma daga mace, na farko cikin nauyi na iya isa kusan kilogram 4, na biyu kuma yakai kilo 2. Yaran sun girma har zuwa cm 5 a tsayi kuma 'yan mata sun kai cm 45. Jawabin gashin dabbar da ya hada da gajeru ne da gashi mai laushi, wadanda suke cikakke, ba tare da daskararren gashi ba, mai tsananin furfura.
Canza yanayi bai da tasiri ga gashin dabba. Mink kullun yana da gashi mai gashi mai yawa. Wannan yana ba ta damar ta shiga cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na kimanin digiri 10, ba tare da jin sanyi ba. Kuma bayan mink ta fito daga ruwa, dabba za ta kasance bushewa, tunda daskararwar danshin da take da yawa baya samun rigar.
Launin dabba yana da bambancin launuka daban-daban, kama daga fari tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, yana ƙare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Black mink an fara ganin shi a Kanada, saboda haka ana kiran shi Kanada, kuma fur ɗin wannan launi ana ɗaukarsa "lu'u-lu'u mara mma" kuma yana da babban farashi.
Daga cikin kusan mink miliyan 50 waɗanda ke rayuwa a yankuna daban-daban, an bambanta manyan nau'ikan guda huɗu. Ana kiransu Turai, Amurka, Rashanci da Scandinavia.
Mink na Turai zai iya kama idanun ku kusa da wuraren rami na Gabashin Turai da Siberiya. A zahiri ta ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarta a ruwa, ana iya yin hukunci da wannan ta hanyar bayyanar mink a cikin hoto, tana da ɗanɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗa tsakanin yatsu. Mink na Turai suna da gajeren gashi wanda ya sa rigar su duhu launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai laushi da m.
Mink ɗin Amurka daga Arewacin Amurka ya bambanta sosai daga mink na Turai a cikin girmansa, yana da tsawo kuma ya fi nauyi, kuma yana da alamar rarrabewa a cikin nau'i mai haske a ƙasa da lebe. Launin halitta na gashi yana iya kasancewa daga baki zuwa fari. Cikakke farin minkda alama Amurkawa ce.
Wannan ire-iren ire-iren jarirai sun zama abin gaske ga masana kimiyya waɗanda suka nemi ci gaba da sababbin sababbin nau'ikan, saboda kawai mink ɗin Amerikan ne ya mallaki kwayoyin halittu na musamman waɗanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye a inuwar ajalinta.
Idan mink ɗin Turai a cikin Eurasia ɗan asalin ƙasa ne, to, daga baya aka kawo mink ɗin Amurka ga nahiyar daga baya don yin kiwo a cikin kayan ajiyar kaya. Sa'an nan, don daidaitawa da namun daji, sun fara rage ƙananan dabbobi ga 'yanci kuma irin wannan yankin yana da mummunar tasiri ga ƙifar Turai.
Yawan mutanen wannan nau'in ya fara raguwa, mai ƙaddara nau'in jinsin Amurka ya saɓa kan Turai. Ya kamata a sani cewa bankunan Amurka da na Turai, duk da irin wannan bayyanar, sun fito ne daga magabata daban-daban. Yanayin rayuwa iri ɗaya iri ɗaya ya taimaki dabbobi su sami kamanceceniya, amma saboda kishiya iri iri, tun daga 1996 Turai mink - Red Book dabba.
Kakan asalin mink na Rasha shine dan Arewacin Amurka, ya kasance akan tushenta ne cewa manoman fur na karni na 30 na karni na 20 sun kawo wannan kyakkyawan bayyanar. “Jawo gashi” na mink na Rasha an bambanta shi da in mun gwada da dogon gashi da farashi, launin kuma ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki.
Yankin Yammacin Turai ana ɗaukarsa shine wurin haifuwar Scandinavian mink, amma a yau mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in sunada yawa kuma sune yawancin dabbobi masu jan gashi (kusan kashi 80%) a tsakanin dukkanin wakilan waɗannan dabbobin. shi launin ruwan kasa mink tare da wadataccen, launi mai sheda kuma daidai ko da, daidai tsayi, m gashi.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Mink ɗin hannu ne Yana da aiki, musamman a cikin yanayin ruwa mai ruwa, inda, godiya ga kamannin jikinsa, yana cikakke layuka gaba da baya kafafu kuma yana tura gaba, yana nutsuwa kuma yana motsawa ƙasa.
A karkashin ruwa, karamin mai cin abincin zai iya isa kamar na mintina biyu, sannan ya fito, ya shiga iska ya maimaita aikin. Hadarin da ke gabatowa kan ƙasa zai iya sa dabba har ma ta hau kan bishiya ko kuma reshen daji.
Mink - dabba, wanda ke jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici, zaɓi zaɓin wurare masu natsuwa da wuraren kwance don mazaunin sa. Misali, a bakin bakin tafki na ruwa, ƙaramin koguna ko tafkuna masu yawa.
Minks ko dai zauna a kan ɓoye bututun da ke kewaye da ruwa, ko a ramuka'in da aka haƙa, inda kuma dole ne a sami ruwa. Waɗannan na iya kasancewa tsoffin burushi na berayen ruwa ko kuma abubuwan ɓacin rai, a inda minks kuma a kan haɗa su da gado na ciyawa ko gashinsa.
Mink shine maɓarnaci wanda ke da ƙarfi da haɓaka, mai ƙarfi na motsi, sabili da haka shine mafarauci mafi dacewa, yana iya kamawa ya ci kowane ɗan dabba, a cikin yanayin ruwa da ƙasa. Yana samun abinci don kansa, yana yin abin da ya fi so - kamun kifi.
Dabbobin da ke yaƙi da mink sune maɓallin kogi da karnukan feral. Otters, saboda kowane nau'in sau biyu suna zaune wuri guda, amma tsoffin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaurawar, suna da ƙarfi, da girma da sauri. Kuma karnuka da ƙamshi suna neman mazaunin dabbobin da ke da gashi kuma suna lalata offspringa offspringansu, kodayake ga manya ba su da haɗari.
Mink shine yake haifar da rayuwa irin ta yau da kullun, wanda shine dalilin da yasa za'a gan su da wuya a ƙarshen maraice ko sanyin safiya kusa da gawar ruwa. Daga halayen da suka rage, mutum na iya yin hukunci gaban kasancewar mink a wani wuri ko wani. Kwafin paayoyinta sunyi kama da waƙoƙin ferret, amma ya fi girma da zagaye. A kan hanyoyin da aka yi nazari, mink yana yin hanyarsa a kowace rana, yana alamar yankin da kamshi da alamun gani.
Ya zama mai aiki kamar yadda zai yiwu. mink a cikin bazaralokacin da alamun farko na farauta na jima'i ya bayyana a cikin mace kuma tseren ya fara, kazalika a cikin kaka, lokacin da matasa ke sake zama mazaunin kuma mafi yawan wuraren nishaɗi, natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali ana samun su.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin mink yana dogara da ƙananan kifin kogin. Tun da dabba sau da yawa tana samun abinci ta hanyar kamun kifi, ɓarna, ƙwaya, ƙanƙanuwa, da gobies sun zama ganima. Dabba mai furzar ba ta hana yin liyafar a kan wasu ƙananan dabbobin da ke kusa da wuraren tafkuna: mollusks, frogs, crayfish ko berayen kogi. Saboda irin ƙarfinsa da ƙwarewar sa, mink yana iya jira kuma ya kama tsuntsu na daji, ƙwararrun matasa ko muskrat.
A cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin da farauta ba shi da amfani, ana ƙarfafa haɓakar ƙabilar Turai tare da tushen itacen, lingonberry daji da itacen ash na dutsen da aka samo ta hanyar tsaba. Yayinda dabbobin hunturu ke gabatowa, dabbobi sun cika kifaye da kifi, suna ajiye su a gidansu. Mink na Amurka ta fi son cin cfishfish, don ita wannan abincin mai daɗin rai ya fi kyau fiye da kifi.
Yana da mahimmanci a sani cewa mink ba shi da ikon haifar da asara mai yawa ga kamun kifi, saboda yana ciyar da nau'in kifin da ba kasuwanci ba. A lokacin hunturu, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa dole ne suyi farauta su kadai a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda ruwan ruwan da yake a baya ya ke farauta.
Daga wannan beraye da sauran dabbobin, minks sun fi ƙoshin ƙarfi a cikin hunturu fiye da lokacin rani. Don haka, mink yana kula da yanayin kuma yana daidaita yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin jiɓin da ke cutar da yanayi. Kawai gram 200 na abinci a rana wajibi ne don matsakaicin mink don gamsar da yunwar.
Tana iya raba wannan adadin abincin zuwa abinci 4-9 a rana. Idan abincin da ake samu zai kasance fiye da wannan ka'ida, to dabba mai shiga zata bar ajiyar cikin rami. Ana iya ɗaukar Mink wata dabba mai daɗin rai, tana da kyau a ci abinci a kan sabbin dabbobin, kuma za ta taɓa nama marar laushi bayan kwanaki 3-4. Saboda haka, maharbin yana sabunta hannun jari akai-akai don kar a haɗo da wannan matsalar.
Idan muna magana game da minks da ke zaune a cikin bauta, to, galibi ana ciyar da su tare da kifi, wani lokacin hatsi, kayan lambu har ma da kayan kiwo. A gonakin dabbobi da gonaki a hankali suna lura da daidaiton abincin dabbobi, saboda inganci ya dogara da shi mink Jawo.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Dajin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi (farkon canjin) a cikin minks yana faruwa a farkon bazara, wato daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu Don kiwo, maza sun zaɓi mace ta wurin su (mafi kusancin ƙifar, shi ne mafi girma da alama ta hanyar canjin).
Idan da yawa maza suna yin da'awar zama mace ɗaya a lokaci guda, to daga cikinsu gwagwarmayar ta fara kuma wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙarshe ya sami damar haɗu da macen da aka zaɓa, sauran kuma suka shiga neman. A cikin daji, tsintsayen halittu iri ɗaya ba za su iya yin aure ba (misali. Tarayyar Turaimink da Bahaushe), kumburin haihuwar su ya mutu jim kadan bayan bayyanar.
Haihuwar mink yana daga kwanaki 40 zuwa 72 (dangane da nau'ikan, abinci da salon rayuwa). Sakamakon haka, mace daya zata iya bayar da ofa ofan 2an 2-7, kuma a cikin jinsunan Amurka ɗan tsintsiya zai iya yin dabbobi har 10.
Minks an haife su ƙanana, kusan ba a lulluɓe da ulu da makafi gaba ɗaya. Suna girma cikin hanzari, ciyar da madara yana ɗaukar watanni 2, sannan kuma matasa dabbobin suka sauya zuwa abincin da mahaifiyarsu take basu. Maza a wannan lokacin ba su dauki kowane bangare a rayuwar zuriyarsu su zaɓe su dabam.
Lokacin da wata daya, minks suka fara nuna aiki, jarirai suna nuna wasa, kuma ya zuwa Yuli tuni sun girma sosai (har zuwa rabin girman mahaifiyarsu) don barin ramin.
A watan Agusta, daga ƙarshe suka girma, suka kai girman manya, suka fara farauta su nemi abinci da kansu, daga ƙarshe suka bar gidan iyayensu. Bayan brood ya fashe, minks daban-daban za su fara ba da nasu abubuwan da suke so su zama a gefen manyan tafkuna da koguna.
A cikin mata, balaga tana faruwa a cikin watanni 10-12 kuma har zuwa shekaru 3 da haihuwa akwai babban matakin haihuwa, sannan ya gangara. Maza sun zama balaga ta hanyar shekaru 1.5-2. Jimlar tsawon rayuwar minks a cikin daji yayi daga shekaru 8 zuwa 10, kuma a cikin kangin shi kusan ninki biyu ya na iya kaiwa zuwa shekaru 15.
Yankin rarraba minks a cikin ƙasa ba ƙarƙashin mutum yana raguwa koyaushe. Kyawawan dabbobi suna yin tarko a cikin mutane, sakamakon godiyarsu ta yadda suka zama abin ƙwari don gonaki na dabbobi da gonakin dabbobi. Saboda haka, mutane ke kiwon dabbobi suna riƙe ikon sarrafa nau'in dabbobi.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Mink karamin dabba ne mai laushi mai laushi, akasarin launin ruwan kasa a launi. Ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin dangin marten, nasa ne ga dabbobi masu shayarwa. A tsayin daka, wannan dabbar ba ta wuce santimita hamsin, wanda kimanin santimita goma sha biyar ke da wutsiya guda ɗaya.
A cikin daji, jinsuna biyu na mink suna rayuwa:
Waɗannan nau'ikan ma'ana suna da wasu bambance-bambance na bayyanar da sifofin ɗabi'a, amma ba su da mahimmanci. A sakamakon juyin halitta, yanayin rayuwa iri ɗaya, waɗannan dabbobin sun sami kamanninsu. Siffar halayyar dukkan minks shine kasancewar ƙwarƙwasa na musamman tsakanin yatsun. Ita ce ta sanya dabbobi masu kyakkyawan iyo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: jinsin Turai da Amurka sun fito gaba ɗaya daga magabata daban-daban. Mink na Turai ya samo asali daga shafi, yayin da ake tsammanin mink na Amurka shine dangi na kusa da martens.
Na dogon lokaci, mink na Turai shine babban abin kamun kifi. Koyaya, a yau ya zama sannu a hankali, amma da amincewa an maye gurbinsa da Ba'amurke. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwa mai yawa na yawan nau'in halittu, shigo da kaya da saurin kiwo daga cikin dabbobin Amurka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wannan wakilin marten kashi saba'in da biyar yana ba da buƙatun duniya na furs. Akwai bayani mai sauƙi don wannan adadi - minks an haifar da su sosai a zaman talala.
Takaitattun Labaran
- Bayanin Maƙalami Adel na yara don rahoton rahoton
Sanannen sanannun malam buɗe ido Admiral yana da kyau sosai. An kawata fikafikan gaba tare da fitila mai haske mai launin fari da farar fata. Akwai kuma ja mai raɗaɗi a jikin fikafikan hular, amma yana kan gefen gefuna. Malam buɗe ido yay girma sosai. Girman reshe na gabanta - Bayar da rahoto game da taken Lions dabba na aji 2
Ana ganin zaki dabba kamar dabba, mafi iko da girman kai. Saboda wannan, ya sami kansa da sunan sarkin dabbobi. Zakin ba ya bambanta musamman, kuma ba ya fice a tsakanin duk masu hasashe, duk da haka ta hanyar bayyanarsa ya bayyana kammalarsa a tsakanin - Rahoton-rahoton Mongolia na maki 3 da 4
A tsakiyar hanyar kasuwanci, wacce ta haɗa wasu ƙasashen Asiya ta daɗe, ƙasar Mongolia tana. Gaba daya rayuwar kasar da bunkasuwar sa gaba daya ta kasance karkashin ikon Sin, Tibet da Indiya. Mongolia ta dade tana karkashin zaluntar Sinawa
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Dabbobin Mink
Mink shine mafi kusancin dangi na weasels, ferrets, jawabai. Tsarin jinsunan dabbobi sune Turai da Amurka, amma a zaman talala, masana kimiyya sun fasa wasu nau'in halittun da suka inganta halaye. Minks ƙananan dabbobi ne da jikin elongated. Jikin yana da sassauci mai kyau, kuma tsawonsa, a matsakaita, shine santimita arba'in da uku.
Bidiyo: Mink
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da ɗan ƙarami, amma wutsiya ce mara nauyi. Tsawon sa ya kama daga goma sha biyu zuwa sha tara santimita. Girman mai farautar ba ya wuce gram 800. Godiya ga waɗannan sigogi, dabbar a cikin yanayi na iya shiga cikin gorges daban-daban, da sauri ta ɓoye idan akwai haɗari kuma a sauƙaƙe ta kasance a kan ruwa.
Mafi mahimmanci ga mutum a cikin mink shine fur. Karamin dan farare yana da matukar kyau, kauri mai kauri tare da tsananin aiki. Matashi yana hana dabba danshi ko da tsawan tsawan ruwa. Wani fa'idodi na Jawo shine “demo timality”. Bambanci tsakanin lokacin bazara da murfin hunturu yayi kadan. Launin dabba na iya zama launin ruwan kasa, ja mai haske, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu har ma da baki.An rarraba launi a ko'ina, kawai akan ciki zai iya zama ɗan wuta kadan.
Minks suna da kunkuntar wulakanci, ƙananan kunnuwa zagaye. Takalmin yana daɗaɗaɗɗa daga sama, kunnuwan suna da fuska mai zagaye kuma kusan ba sa fitowa daga ƙarƙashin Jawo. Yatsar tsakanin yatsun yatsa. Musamman ma sun fice daga kan gabar. Hakanan, kasancewar farin tabo halayen wadannan dabbobi ne. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya shi a kan nonon, amma kuma yana faruwa a kirji.
Menene kamarsa
Gabaɗaya mink dabba ce mai shayarwa ga dangin Marten. Babban aiki yana faruwa a cikin duhu da dare. Tsawon jikin shine 28-45 cm tare da nauyin jikin 500-800 gr.Cunyi Fur gajere, amma a lokaci guda lokacin farin ciki da mai yawa, basa barin daskare ko da a cikin sanyi. Launin launin ruwan kasa duhu ne ko kuma ana iya kiranta "duhu cakulan", launin ruwan kasa, ja, amma ba kasafai dabba take da tsiri ko tabo a kan kirji ko kirji ba. Af, jigon mink yana da ban sha'awa, har ma yayi kama da ferret! Bayan haka, jiki yana da tsawo, mucks yana kunkuntar, wutsiya tana da kauri, kunnuwa sunada yawa, kafafu suna da karfi.
Tabbas, don gidaje mink Ya zabi gandun daji tare da ciyawa masu yawa, kusa da fadama ko koguna. Ruwa yana taimakawa mai ƙarfi ba wai kawai ya ɓoye wa abokan gaba ba, har ma ya sami abinci. Bayan duk, a cikin raba abinci ya hada da ba kananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, har ma da kwaro, kifi (perch, trout, tench, gudgeon, squint), crayfish, mollusks, na cikin ruwa kwari har ma scum! Gaskiya ne, dabba tana ci a sharar gida da wuya, har yanzu tana son abinci sabo.
Ina mink ɗin take zaune?
Hoto: Mink na Amurka
A baya can, mazaunin minks yana da faɗi sosai. Ya shimfida daga Finland zuwa rafin dutsen Ural. A kan lokaci, dabbobi sun bazu ko'ina cikin Faransa, Spain. Koyaya, abubuwa da yawa sun canza tun daga wannan lokacin. Wakilan dangin Kunih suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Yawan jama'arsu sun ragu sosai a yawancin wuraren tarihin rayuwarsu, kuma a wasu yankuna wadannan dabbobin an bar su gaba daya.
A yau, wurin zama na yau da kullun na Turai yana kunshe da abubuwa da yawa: Ukraine da Rasha, arewacin Spain, yammacin Faransa, wasu yankuna na Romania. Za a iya samun dabbar a wani nisan da ya kai mita dubu daya da ɗari biyu daga matakin teku. Speciesabilar Amurka ta zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amirka. Koyaya, an kawo shi Turai, Asiya ta Arewa. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an kawo fiye da mink dubu huɗu na Amurkawa. A lokaci guda, wannan nau'in an ragargaza shi sosai a gonakin fur daban-daban.
A cikin wuraren zama na zamani, yawan minks yana cikin raguwa sosai. Ban da wannan ana iya kiransa Romania da yankuna da yawa na Rasha: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tver. Koyaya, masanan kimiyya suna bayyana damuwa cewa nan da nan ma yawan waɗannan dabbobin zasu fara raguwa. Mink na Turai yana ɓacewa ba kawai saboda mummunan yanayin tsabtace yanayi ko gurɓatar muhalli ba, amma saboda saurin yaduwar jinsunan Amurka.
Halayyar
Mink na Turai yana zaune a bakin bankunan ƙananan koguna koguna, cike suke da ciyayi mai yawa. Mafi sau da yawa ba za a iya gani ba a cikin ɗakunan ajiya. A cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, yana iya tsayawa tsawan sama da tsawan zuwa 1,500 sama da matakin teku. Tsawon yankin gida kusa da bakin teku ya tashi daga 2 zuwa 13 kilomita na mata kuma har zuwa 44 kilomita ga maza. An yi bayanin gaban wadannan manyan rukunin wuraren ta hanyar karancin dabbobi.
Mink yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa, ba ta wuce kilomita 1 zuwa 2 kowace dare ba. Tana iya tono ramuka da yawa a cikin ƙasar farautarta wacce ke kusa da ruwa kusa, ko kuma tayi amfani da matsugunai na asali da kuma wuraren zama na wasu dabbobi. Kowane rami yana da dakin shakatawa, bayan gida da kuma fitarwa biyu da suke kaiwa ga ruwa da katako mai yawa. Gidajen ciki an yi shi da ciyawa, gansakuka da ƙananan gashin tsuntsaye.
Me mink ke ci?
Hoto: Black Mink
Abincin mink na yau da kullun na iya ƙunsar:
- Mouse-kamar rodents: berayen ruwa, berayen filin,
- Fishe. Dabbobin ba za su ƙi ɓarna ba, ƙanƙan ruwa, ko kifaye. Gabaɗaya, za su iya cin kusan kowane kifi,
- Dabbobin ruwa: crayfish, shellfish, kwari iri iri,
- Amphibians: tadpoles, ƙananan yatsu, kwaɗi, caviar.
Dabbobin da ke rayuwa kusa da ƙauyuka sukan ziyarci mutane sau da yawa don shakatawa. Sukan zo cikin garken kaji, da dafaffen kaji da cin kaji. Idan dabba tana jin yunwa sosai, to ba zai zama mai jin kunyar ɓata abincin mutane ba. Koyaya, yawancin yan uwa har yanzu sunfi son cin abinci sabo. Idan ba haka ba, to suna iya fama da yunwa, amma ba su fi kwana huɗu ba.
Minks sau da yawa ana iya ganin bishiyoyi. A can za su iya cin abinci a kan ƙwai tsuntsaye. Matsakaicin mink yana cin kimanin gram ɗari na abinci guda biyu a rana, zai fi dacewa sabo ne. Idan lokacin farauta ya sami wata babbar ganuwa, to yana iya barin ta don lokutan yunwa ko na hunturu. Ganima tana ɓoye a cikin matsuguni na musamman.
Minks sune masu ɗaukar hoto. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin farauta mara nasara, suna iya ɗan lokaci don cin abincin da ba ainihin halayyar su ba: berries, Tushen, namomin kaza, tsaba. Idan an mallaki dabbar, to, mutane suna ciyar da ita ta ciyarwa na musamman (bushe da rigar) da fillet ɗin kifi.
Tsarin fata da yiwuwar lahani
Kayan aiki sun hadar da bitar a cikin yanayin da ke tsare. Sannan maye yaci gaba da sanya sutura, wanda ya qunshi wadannan matakai:
- Jiƙa. Don yi laushi zuwa konkoma karãtunsa fãtun.
- Mai sakawa Taimakon taimakon mezdril shigarwa, an cire duk nama da ƙoshin kitse a cikin fatun.
- Kama. Manufar sanya kayan aiki a cikin takaddun acidic na musamman na salts shine hana aiwatar da lalata kayan mezra, sanyaya abubuwan kwantar da hankali da kuma samar da acid ɗin da ake buƙata don tanning mai zuwa.
- Tanning. Gudanar da aikin kwalliya tare da mafita na tanning don rage ƙyama yayin lokacin bushewa da haɗarin yin rigar, ƙara ƙarfi, haɓaka halayen halayen Jawo.
- Zhirovanie. Theara laushi da laushi na kayan aikin ta hanyar shigar da ƙoshin cikin meszra.
- Dumama. Kneading da shimfiɗa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Skins na iya samun lahani. Mafi yawanci shine hawaye, keratinization na fata, asarar haske da jikewar launi, kasancewar kasusuwa a cikin wutsiya da kafafu, rashin sassan jikin fata, gashi mai hutu, kumburi da isowar tari.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Dabbobin Mink
Mink suna zaune ne musamman a cikin gandun daji, ba da nisa daga maɓallin ruwa: koguna, tafkuna, tabkuna. Sun gwammace su zauna, kiwo da farauta a wasu yankuna da cunkoso. A kan wuraren da aka share, rairayin bakin teku da wuraren budewa ba su bayyana. Suna ƙaunar gina gida a cikin gadaje na itace, itace.
Dabbar tana ƙirƙirar ɓarna da kan ta ko kuma ta yi amfani da ramuka masu kasancewa a cikin ƙasa: ɓacin rai, ƙaramin fashewa, jejin ramuka ko rami. Dabba tana amfani da mazauninta koyaushe. Zai iya barin shi a lokuta biyu kawai: ambaliyar ruwa, rashin abinci a cikin hunturu.
Burrows yawanci ƙananan ne, amma sun kasu zuwa bangarori da dama. Akwai babban wurin bacci, gidan wanka da kuma fitarwa da yawa. Exitaya daga cikin mafita ɗaya ya isa zuwa tushen ruwa, na biyu - a cikin lokacin fararen toka. Burrows suna liyi tare da kayan kwalliyar halitta: fuka-fuki, gansakuka, ganye, ciyawa mai bushe.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da binciken ethological da aka gudanar a cikin 60s, minks suna da mafi girman kwarewar horo na gani. A cikin wannan fasaha, sun zarce kuliyoyi, dabbar sutturu, da baƙo.
Kololuwar ayyuka a cikin wannan dabba yana faruwa da dare. Koyaya, idan farauta ta dare ba ta ci nasara ba, mink na iya zama mai aiki yayin rana. Dabba yakan cinye lokaci mafi yawa a cikin ƙasa kuma yayi binciken abinci. A cikin hunturu, ana tilasta wa waɗannan dabbobin tafiya sosai, saboda gano abincin da ya dace yana zama da wuya. Dabba kuma tana ba da lokaci mai yawa don yin iyo. Tana yin nasara da nisa sosai akan ruwa, ruwa, fitar da kifi da hikima.
Yanayin magabatan daji bashi da abokantaka, amma ba tashin hankali ba. Minks sun fi son yanayin rayuwa, da kusanci ga mutum. Yana da matukar wahala a ga irin wannan dabbar da ke cikin bauta. Kawai halayen halayen paws akan ƙasa zasu iya bada shaidar kasancewar sa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Mink a cikin yanayi
Mink mating yawanci yana daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, dabbobin suna aiki sosai. Da yawa maza na iya bin mace ɗaya lokaci guda. Suna gasa da juna, suna dariya. Wani lokacin mummunan fadace-fadace yakan faru ga uwargidan zuciya. Lokacin da mace tayi, namiji zai bar ta. Ma'aurata manya suna zama dabam bayan ma'aurata.
Duk ɗaukar ciki na dabba dabba yana ɗan lokaci kaɗan - kimanin kwana arba'in. 'Ya'yan itace yawanci ana haihuwar su daga Mayu. A lokaci guda, mace ba ta haihuwarwa fiye da jarirai bakwai. Zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, ƙananan dabbobi sun kai kusan rabin girman girma. A watan Agusta, sun girma zuwa girman su na karshe. A lokaci guda, mace ta daina ciyar da saura tare da madara. Suna koyon samun abinci da kansu, abincinsu ya zama nama gaba ɗaya. Da kaka, 'ya'yan sun bar ramin uwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: balaga ta jima'i a cikin tsatsar yana faruwa ta watanni goma. Har zuwa shekaru uku, waɗannan dabbobin suna da babban matakin haihuwa. A tsawon lokaci, yawan haihuwar mace ya ragu a hankali.
Jimlar rayuwar kananan dabbobi ba ta wuce shekaru goma. Koyaya, a cikin zaman talala, minks na iya rayuwa da yawa - fiye da shekaru goma sha biyar. Da sauri suna dacewa da yanayin gida, amma koda bayan shekaru da yawa basu zama mai cikakkiyar jagora ba.
Matsakaicin tarayya na Turai na mink
Wani reshe na Mink na Turai shine Caucasian Turai mink (Mustela lutreola turovi), wanda ke zaune a yankin na ƙananan Volga, Lower Don da Caucasus. Yana zaune a cikin ƙananan koguna da koguna. Abincinta ya ƙunshi amphibians, ƙananan kifi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ruwa, kwari. An gina matsuguni a cikin hanyoyin pamal da kuma shinge a cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa. Lokacin kiwo ya faɗi akan Maris-Afrilu, haɓakar matasa an haife shi a ƙarshen Mayu ko a watan Yuni. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi na 4an jarirai 4, balaga ta faru lokacin tana da watanni 10.
Abokan gaba na mink
Hoto: Dabbobin Mink
Abokan gaban abokan gaban minks sune:
- Dabbobin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Duk kananan dabbobin da ke da girma da ƙarfi kuma ba za su iya kashe dabbobi su ci ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da lynxes, dawakai, bears, Wolves. Amma mafi yawancin lokuta, mink yana zama wanda aka azabtar da kogin otter. The otter swims mafi kyau kuma yana zaune kusa da minks, saboda haka ana cikin kama su cikin dare da rana. Otters na iya cin abinci ba kawai ta wani mutum ba, har ma ta zuriyarsu,
- Tsuntsayen ganima. Babban makiya sune manyan tsuntsaye: mujiya, owls, shaho. A lokacin da dabbar ta yi wa beraye da daddare, maciji ya kama shi, kuma a mujiya ta kama shi, kuma a cikin ranar da shaho zai iya yin dantse,
- Baƙin Amurka. Minks suna da gasa iri-iri. Kamar yadda masana ilimin dabbobi masu binciken dabbobi suka gano, jinsin Amurka da gangan ya lalata Turai don yantar da yankin don kansa da dangin sa. Koyaya, bayyanar baƙon ƙasan waje ya bamu damar sauya hankalin mafarautan daga mink na Turai,
- Na mutum. Babban maƙiyi da ke da haɗari cewa da gangan, kuma wani lokacin ma da gangan yana lalata waɗannan dabbobin. A yau, yana cetarwa ne kawai daga mutuwar minks cewa sun fara haɓaka su a kan gonaki na musamman don Jawo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cewar masana ilimin halittu, minks ba su da yawa ba ganima ga masu farauta. Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi sune yunwa, cuta da cututtukan fata.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Mink a lokacin rani
Minks shine asalin tushen Jawo. Jawosu ana jin daɗinsu saboda babban aiki, iya aiki, da juriya. A cikin inganci, ana tsammanin mink fur na Amurka shine mafi girma fiye da sauran nau'in. Ba a daɗe ba, an samo fur ne ta hanyar farauta dabbobi. Mafarautan cikin fasaha sun kafa tarko a cikin hunturu, suka kama manya kuma suka samu fatansu. Duk wannan ya haifar da raguwa cikin sauri a yawan mazauna a mazauninsu na tarihi.
Nan da nan, minks sun ɓace daga yankuna da yawa, kuma farauta ya daina biyan bukatun mutane a cikin adadin fur. Daga wannan lokacin, sun fara farautar dabbobin yaƙi. Kuma a yau har ma da gonakin dabbobi, kuma ba yawan dabbobin dabba ba, suna matsayin babban tushen Jawo. Wannan ya inganta yanayin sosai tare da adadin berayen da ke cikin daji, amma ba zai iya warware shi gaba ɗaya ba.
Yawancin waɗannan dabbobin har yanzu yana raguwa. Abubuwa daban-daban suna tasiri wannan: gurbata jikin ruwa, kama dabbobi, kishiya mai rikitarwa. A halin yanzu, jerin gwanon Turai suna cikin Littattafai Red a cikin yawancin yankuna na kewayon halittarsu, Jerin IUCN Red. An haramta farautar wadannan dabbobin a kasashe da dama na duniya, adadinsu da wuraren zama ana karɓar su a ƙarƙashin kariyar kariya.
Yaya za a kimanta ingancin Jawo lokacin siyan siket ɗin mink?
Za'a iya tantance ingancin halayen da fur ɗin ta:
- Farashi. Costarancin farashi alama ce ta samfurin da aka ƙera daga ƙarancin kayan aiki ko tsohuwar albarkatun ƙasa.
- Zuwa kantin Zai fi kyau yin sayayya a cikin kantin sayar da kaya na musamman wanda ke daraja martabarsa kuma ba zai sayar da kayayyaki masu ƙarancin daraja ba.
- Kasancewar takardar sheda. Zaka iya bambance samfuri mai inganci daga mai ƙarancin inganci ɗaya ta kasancewar kasancewar takaddun bayanai wanda ya nuna duk cikakkun bayanai game da samfurin.
- Bayyanar. Kyakkyawan abu yakamata ya kasance yana da laushi mai kauri, lokacin farin ciki, shimfiɗar suttura ba tare da amintattun launuka da faci mai launi iri ɗaya ba. Hakanan ba a yarda da adon gashi ba.
- Abubuwan mamaki. Zaka iya bambance furcin inganci taushi, magana da biyayya.
- Mezdre. Kusa da shi ya kamata yayi kama da ɗaya kuma ba shi da lalacewa.
Ana lodawa ...
Raba tare da wasu!
Habitat
Rai mink yana da alaƙa da ruwan sanyi, sabili da haka yana zaune tare da bakin koguna, koguna da tabkuna, kuma da wuya ya bar ƙarshen tafki fiye da 200. habitaukacin wuraren zama don gandun daji suna wanke bankunan kananan koguna da koguna sun mamaye tare da gandun daji da gandun daji, har ma da dattawa da ƙananan tafkuna . Yana hana manyan budewa tare da rairayin bakin teku masu ruwa. Wani lokacin mink na Turai yakan zauna kusa da injin, ba ya jin kunyar kasancewar mutum da ayyukansa. A cikin yankin gab da shi, yana zaune a cikin shimfidar ambaliyar ruwa kuma a tsakanin ciyayi da manyan koguna. A lokacin rani, mink yakan manne wa wani takamaiman wuri kuma yana rayuwa na dogon lokaci a cikin karamin yanki. A nan, a cikin wani canji mai zurfi, wanke bakin ruwa, a cikin tushen ko a cikin tarin laka da iska mai lalacewa, tana shirya ɗakinta kuma ta ciyar da rana. Tare da abinci da yawa, yana tattara ajiyar abubuwa a cikin makoki, yana jan kifayen da aka kama a can, macizai, kwaɗi da ƙananan dabbobi. Sau da yawa, da samun babban sa da masunta suka yi, mink yakan jawo kifayen da suka kama da yawa a cikin raga.
Yanayin Kayan Zamani 2019-2020
A wannan shekara, suttura zuwa gwiwoyi suna cikin salo, lokacin da dinki wanda aka yi amfani da dukkan fatun ƙwallon ƙyallen. Yana cikin samfuran wannan tsawon madaidaiciya ko silhouette da aka kara zuwa ƙasa cewa masu zanen kaya sun sami damar nuna kyakkyawa na furkin kwalliya. Lokacin da ake yin dinki, ana amfani da hanyar juyawa ko kuma dibanin konkoma karãtun fãtun.
Masu sha'awar kayayyakin gajeren zanan bazai zama masu nuna damuwa ga al'adun gargajiya ba. Fur na gashi na asali, wanda aka yanka, zai dace da wasu mutane masu haske. A cikin salon, samfuran mink tare da zik din kuma tare da ƙugiya na roba a wucin gadi, irin waɗannan samfuran suna kama jaket Jawo.
Suttukan mink na zamani zasu iya samun tsayin bene ko har zuwa tsakiyar ƙafafun kafa. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna amfani da kwance, ko a kwance ko fatalwar ƙirar fatalwowi. Sabon salon yana da tsawo, har zuwa kasan, mayafin mink.
Sake bugun, kula da zuriya
A ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara, mink na Turai yana aiki musamman. Hotunan dabbobi da ke gudana a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ba sabon abu ba ne, saboda a wannan lokacin sun manta da fa'ida, masu biye da mata.Duka hanyoyin suna kusa da gabar, maza suna yin faɗa a tsakaninsu, suna kururuwa, suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin mace. Tare da ƙarshen aikin, ma'auratan sun rabu, mace tana ɗaukar cuban ta biyu. Ciki yakanyi kwanaki 45-60, yawanci ana haihuwar safiya 5 ne. A waje, da farko suna kama da ƙananan baƙi, launi na gaskiya ya bayyana yana da shekara ɗaya da rabi. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, 'Ya'yan suna cika mahaifiyarsu da girmanta, kuma a ƙarshen bazara an gama haɗa su da ita. A cikin bazara, kowa yana tafiya yadda yake, kamar yadda mace ta daina bayar da madara, kuma al'ada ta canza zuwa abincin nama.
Me yake ci?
Teburin waɗannan dabbobi ya bambanta. Su mafarauta ne, saboda haka ana neman abinci a ruwa da kuma gabar ƙasa. Ya danganta da lokacin shekaru, yawan aiki, da kuma bambancin fauna a wannan yankin.
A zamanin hunturu, ƙa'idar Turai tana ciyarwa akan ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi, kwaɗi, wannan shine kifayen duka. Idan akwai wadataccen abinci, dabbar ta adana ta. A cikin kwanakin dumi na shekara, waɗannan dabbobin za su iya farauta a kowane lokaci na rana. Iri ɗaya ne, galibi galibi sukan nemi ganima da daddare, da alfijir wayewar rana.
Sau biyu a shekara, waɗannan dabbobin suna nuna tashin hankali na musamman. Lokaci na farko shine a cikin bazara, lokacin bikin aure na otter. A cikin kaka, matasa mutane zauna, dabbobi nemi mafi sauƙin m ƙasa don rayuwa.
Kusan duk tsawon lokacin da suke zaune a bakin, kuma a lokacin hunturu bayan samuwar kankara, suna motsawa a yankin da yake. Waɗannan dabbobin suna iyo sosai, zasu iya nutsewa, kuma ba shi da matsala ka fito fili har tsawon minti 2. Minks na iya hawa bishiya, amma yin hakan yayin da hatsari ya faru.
Ba a san dalilin da yasa ba, a matsayin mink, yawanci yana zaune cikin sirri; don ganinta cikin yanayi, harma da kanka a bango. Masunta suna haɗuwa da wannan dabbar da sanyin safiya.
Gaskiyar cewa mink yana zaune a kan tudu za'a iya faɗi a cikin halayen halaye. Suna kama da waƙoƙin da ferret suka bari, amma mafi zagaye kuma zai fi dacewa girma. Inkaƙƙarfan ƙyallen yana sanya paws ɗin sa kaɗan fiye da ferret.
Yayin rana, waɗannan dabbobin zasu iya yin tafiya da nisa. A lokacin rani da damina, ya kai 500. Kuma a cikin hunturu - har zuwa 200. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a bambanta waƙoƙi mink daga waƙoƙin ferret ta gaskiyar cewa yana da madaidaiciyar hanya.
Kiwo na wucin gadi
Mutane sun cika biredi sosai a gonakin dabbobi na musamman. Ana sa dabbobi a cikin kogon karfe, wanda zai iya tsayawa a waje da kuma a gida.
A halin yanzu, minks suna bred artificially.
A watanni 5-6, lokacin da lokacin hucin hunturu ya girma a cikin dabbobi, ana kashe su. Ana amfani da minks na ƙungiyar don shekaru 3-4, bayan haka an kashe su. Don haka, mutane suna azabtar da dabbobi marasa laifi don kawai saboda kyawun gashinsu, wanda za'a iya maye gurbinsa da misallan adaɗa na roba. Mutane suna aikata laifi na ainihi, amma yanayin ɗan adam yana da haɗama sosai har ba su fahimci mummunan abin da suka aikata ba.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti wani sashi kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Kama daga kamun kai
Dole ne a tuna cewa mink na Amurka ƙaƙƙarfan maƙiyi ne. Idan mutanen da aka kamo su ke da mutane sosai da mutane, to za su iya shirya mummunan fada tsakanin kansu. Saboda haka, sun ƙunshi kowane ɗayan daban. A lokacin haila (bazara, Maris), maza zaunar da ita ga mace kuma a tafi da ita lokacin da zuriya take kan hanya. Wannan na faruwa makonni bakwai bayan matse. Matsakaicin adadin yawansu yakai 15. Lokacin da grownan yayyen girma suka fara yin kaɗa da kansu a cikin aviary, kuna buƙatar rufe ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ko saka su cikin akwatuna don kar su faɗa cikin manyan ramuka. Haɓaka dabbobi matasa, waɗanda ba sa buƙatar madarar nono, ana shuka su cikin sel daban don don guje wa "tashin hankali". Minks suna da rigakafi mai ƙarfi kuma ba sa iya kamuwa da cututtuka masu tazara, amma a cikin rufaffiyar har yanzu suna buƙatar alurar rigakafi da magunguna masu ma'adinin-bitamin.
Kudin da aka kiyasta
Farashin fata ɗaya na mink shine dala 50-100. Coataya daga cikin mayafin ɗaukar fata yana ɗaukar fatalwa 20-40. Wannan samfurin salatin zamani na wannan shekara zai cinye dala dubu biyu. Don sabbin samfuran da aka keɓe dole ne ku biya dala 5-10. Ana iya sayan suturar mink ta al'ada don $ 1,000. Shortan gajeren gashi ajikinsa zai biya dala 500-700
Masana masana'antu na masana'antu
Dangane da riba, samar da Jawo yana daidai da kayan ado. Manyan gonakin dabbobi suna tsoma baki ba wai kawai a cikin namo ba, har ma a zabin ire-ire daban. Mafi yawan masu ba da damar zuwa kasuwannin duniya sune kasashen Scandinavia da Arewacin Amurka. Man masaniyar Amurka, da ake nomawa a Amurka da Kanada, yana da ƙazamin fure mai kauri. Kwararru a wannan yankin sun koyi yadda za su zama dabbobin da ke da mutuƙar lalacewa. Mink fur na Amurka ta Arewa shine mafi tsada a duniya. Jinsunan Scandinavian jinsin Amurkawa sune nau'ikan Amurka a cikin yanayin Turai. Scandinavian furs sune mafi yawan gama gari.
Baya ga Scandinavia da Arewacin Amurka, manoma da ke fitowa daga Rasha, Ukraine, Girka, da kuma jihohin Baltic suna ba da Jawo mai mahimmanci. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, Sinawa sun shiga cikin masana'antun samfuran mink. Kyaututtukansu na da ƙarancin inganci, amma sun sami shahara sosai saboda ƙarancin farashin kayayyaki.
Darajar tattalin arziki
A yau, mink ɗin Turai ya rasa ƙasa don goyon bayan Baƙin Amurka, wanda ya sami nasarar karɓar mahimmin yanki na rayuwarsa. Maharbin sun yi tasiri sosai a cikin adadin adadi na ƙananan dabbobi masu farauta, waɗanda abincinsu iri ɗaya ne.
Ga mutum, cutarwa daga kyakkyawan furry kyakkyawa ya ƙunshi a cikin ta kai hari ga tsuntsu abun ciki.
Hoodable hood
Za'a iya sa 'yan kayan sawa tare da hood mai cirewa a cikin kaka mai sanyi da hunturu mai sanyi. Irin waɗannan samfuran na duniya ba kawai ba ne kawai, har ma da kyawawan halaye.
Ana iya samun abin wuya na apache, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi lokacin da ake ɗamarar kwalliya ta al'ada, za'a iya samo su akan suttattun kayan ƙwalƙwalwa na mink. Mink mai gajeren gashi yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar samfuran kowane salo.
Abinda za a sa
Ana sanye da mayafin mink tare da abubuwan saƙa da woolen. A karkashin wani ɗan gajeren wanki fur suna saka wando na fata ko wando mai ɗamarar jeans. Ana iya sa wando mai daɗin gashin gwiwa tare da gajeren wando da wando mai madaidaiciya. Haɗe dogon wando a ƙasan haɗe tare da ɗamarar wando mai madaidaiciya ko tare da dogayen riguna.
A karkashin rigar mink ta fata ko ƙarar fata, alal misali, takalma, takalmi, ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallan ƙafa. Kuna iya sa hat, hula da aka saka ko shuɗi a kanka.
Yanada salo
Za'a iya haɗa suturar mink tare da riguna na kowane salo. An saka gajeren wando na gajeren wando tare da jeans da sneakers, yana jujjuya farkon babban kayan a cikin salon da aka saba. Jaket din kayan kwalliyar mink suna sanye da riguna maraice ko kuma dacewar kasuwanci. Ana iya sa wando mai matsakaici mai matsakaici azaman wando wanda aka saba da shi tare da wando mai dacewa da kunkuru.
Fadowa
A ranar kaka mai sanyi, don zuwa aiki, zaku iya saka jaket mai suttuwa zuwa gwiwoyinku a kan takalmin kasuwanci. Don suturar yau da kullun, samfurin madaidaiciya madaidaiciya zuwa layin kwatangwalo ya dace, irin wannan gajeren mayafin Jawo za'a iya sawa tare da jeans da sneakers.
Yadda ake sutturar mata, fasali da nau'ikan kyawawan ƙira na takalma
A cikin sanyi mai sanyi, tufafi masu kyau fiye da sutturar ƙwallon ƙafa na mink, mai zurfi, zaku iya tunanin. Wannan samfurin yana kiyaye kariya daga iska mai sanyi da kuma yanayin sanyi. A cikin hunturu, zaku iya sa da gajeren wando na gashi tare da hular gashi ko doguwar mink zuwa bene.
Maƙiyin Amurkan
Baƙin mink na Amurka yana da yawa da yawa tare da danginsa na Turai, amma yana da jikin da ya fi girma - tsayinsa ya kai 60 cm, nauyi 2-3 kilogiram, da wutsiya mai haushi zuwa 30 santimita.
Amurka ta bambanta da mink na Turai a cikin cewa membranes na iyo a ƙafafunsa ba su da ci gaba. Amma tana da suturar gashin kauri mai kauri wanda ke dauke da farin ruwa a baki da launin toka.
Wata sifa mafi kyau ta fuskar mink ta Amurka ita ce ƙananan lebe da gashinta fari, kuma lebe na sama launi iri ɗaya ne da saman kai.
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, babban mazaunin rukunin gida na Amurka shine gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka - Amurka da Kanada. A cikin Turai, mink na Amurka yana da kyau sosai a cikin gonakin daji da dabbobi na Ingila, Jamus, Faransa da Scotland. A Rasha, ya mamaye yankin da yake a gaɓoɓun tsaunin Ural, musamman a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
A cikin daji, an fara fitar da mink na Amurka a farkon 30s na 20 na karni a cikin Primorsky Territory, a cikin Sikhote-Alin Reserve. Additionari ga haka, sun fara yin kiwo a cikin gonakin fur na Terimorsky Territory da sauran yankuna na Rasha. Gabaɗaya, karbuwa na dabba tayi nasara, kuma yanzu mazaunin mink yana da faɗi sosai - ana iya samunsa a bankunan kogunan ruwa da tabkuna masu dacewa da rayuwa.
Matsayin yawan yankuna ya dogara da samar da abinci da kuma lokacin hunturu na kogunan - mink suna zaune a cikin ramuka masu daskarewa.
Harsuna da tushen bishiyoyi, da kuma wasu manyan dabbobin da wasu dabbobi suka tono sun dace da matsayin gida na Amurka. Mink yayi ƙoƙari ya sanya gidansa daɗi da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ya rufe ƙasa a cikin rami tare da gado na busassun ganye da ciyawa. Litter yana adana abubuwa da yawa, saboda a cikin hunturu, a cikin sanyi mai sanyi, zai iya rufe ƙofofin shiga da kuma barin, daidaita zafin jiki a cikin gida. Gidan bayan gida yana shirya cikin rami, ko kusa da shi.
A lokacin rani, lokacin da babu matsalolin abinci, farautar mink tana kusa da gidanta, amma a cikin hunturu, don cin nasarar nasara, dole ne ya yi nisa kilomita 30.
Duk da rashin membranes na rashin ci gaba, baƙon na mink na Amurka yana iyo da kyau, yana yin motsi-kamar motsi da wutsiya da jiki. Ta yi zurfin zurfin mita 4-5 kuma tana iya iyo zuwa mita 30 ƙarƙashin ruwa.
A kan ƙasa, mink na iya gudana da sauri zuwa 20 kilomita a kowace awa, kuma a cikin ruwa yana motsawa da sauri na 1-1,% km a kowace awa. A cikin hunturu, idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, mink ɗin yana motsawa a ƙarƙashin farfaɗinta kuma yana ƙirƙirar hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa da ke rufe dusar ƙanƙara.
Mink ɗin Amurka yana cin abin da zai yiwu a kama - ƙananan kifi, frogs, crayfish, bera da berayen. Manyan mutane sun farauto muskrats da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, in ya yiwu, mink ɗin zai yi ƙoƙarin sace kaji.
Lokacin tsinkewar wucin gadi na daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu; an haife jariran ne a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu. Ba’amurke wata uwa ce da ta fi yawan haihuwa - ta kan kawo ‘yalwa 10 a lokaci guda, amma akwai wasu togaggun - jarirai 5-6 ko 16.
Balaga da jima'i a cikin mace yana faruwa ne da shekara ɗaya a shekara, kodayake sun girma zuwa girman girma zuwa watanni 4-5. Maza sun zama masu balaga yayin da suke da shekaru 1.5, kuma suka girma zuwa girman dabba da ya wuce watanni 12. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, tsawon rayuwar American mink shine shekaru 10-12.
LIFESTYLE
Mink ɗin Amurkan yana jagorantar salon rayuwa ɗaya kuma yana kishin yankinsa, kodayake yanki na namiji yawanci ya yi daidai da wuraren mata da yawa. Duk wani shafi, iyakokin abin da mai shi yayi alama da feces, wani yanki ne mai kunkuntar ƙasa, mai shimfiɗa gefen bankunan kogi. A wannan yankin, an shirya gadaje da yawa, wanda mai shafin zai yi amfani da shi kuma, ramuka masu aminci na iya zama rami wanda maigidan ya rigaya ya bari, matattarar dutse a cikin dutsen ko wani wurin da ke ɓoye a tsakanin duwatsun. Mink yana aiki a duk shekara, yana fifita zuwa farauta da maraice ko da dare, amma a cikin hunturu yana neman abinci da rana. A doron kasa, dabbar tana motsawa wani tsalle, kuma yayin farauta yakan ci gaba da tafiya a yankin sa dan neman ganima. Abincin mink yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da kakar: a cikin hunturu, babban hanya shine kifi, a cikin bazara da kaka, dabbobi masu rarrafe, a lokacin rani, crayfish da kwari. A wani lokaci, dabbar ba ta da cin cin tsuntsu ko rodent. Wannan maharbi mara tausayi ya koyi yin kisan kai nan da nan ko da wani babba da aka samu ta hanyar cinyarta a wuya. Idan ya zo ga bin dabbobin ruwa na ruwa, mink na farko ya hau zuwa wurin kallo - dutse ko reshe itace. Wannan dabba daidai tana iyo tana ruwa, kodayake ƙananan ƙarfin huhun ba ya ba shi damar riƙe numfashinsa na dogon lokaci. Lokacin da mink yayi iyo kusa da ruwa, yana layuka ne kawai tare da ƙafafunsa na baya - membranes yin iyo shine mafi haɓaka a kansu, kuma ƙarƙashin ruwa shima ya haɗa da na gaba. Idan dabbar ta mallaki ganima mai ban sha'awa, ta ci har ɗumbin sharar kuma kwanaki 2-3 ba za su iya barin gado ba.
Inganta gida
Tunda ya dogara da ruwa, mink na Turai ma yana shirya gidanta kusa da jikin ruwa. Sanarwar ramuka kusan tana sanye, suna da kazanta, tare da mafita guda biyu, ɗakin hutawa da babban ɗaki, wanda aka yi layi da busassun ganye, gansakuka, gashin tsuntsaye. Wani lokacin dabbar tana karbar gida daga berayen ruwa ko wasu mustelids. Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin fita daga cikin ramin yana ɓoye a cikin daren kurmin, ɗayan kuma yana kaiwa zuwa tafki. Af, mink yana amfani da hanyar ta biyu sau da yawa sau da yawa, saboda haka hanya mai tsami tana shimfidawa daga gare ta. A yankuna inda akwai manyan bishiyoyi masu kauri-kwari, dabbobi suna cikin ramuka waɗanda basu da nisa da ƙasa. Zasu iya samun matsuguni na ɗan lokaci a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar kuɗi, a ƙarƙashin canopies na ƙananan bankuna, tushen daskararre, cikin tarin iska. Mink ɗin a hankali yana kula da tsabtace gidansa, tsaftace shi akai-akai daga fashe.
Musamman dangantaka da yanayin ruwa
Wani salon rayuwa na ruwa mai ruwa na ruwa ya ba da shawara cewa mink na Turai sun fi son su zauna kusa da jikkunan ruwa. A'idodin wuraren dabbobi sune ƙananan rijiyoyin da ke malalowa a cikin daji, rafuffuka masu rafuffuka masu laushi da koguna na daji tare da jinkirin da ya dace da su. Anan minks sami mafaka masu aminci da abinci. Irin waɗannan wuraren suna jawo hankalin su da sanyin sanyi, zafi mai laushi, kuma suna ba da kwanciyar hankali, saboda a gaban haɗari dabba nan da nan ta kutsa cikin ruwa don ɓoyewa daga bin. Minks ya nutse, yi iyo a ƙarƙashin ruwa, bayan 20 m fito don foran seconds don numfasawa iska kuma sake bace a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Suna iya tafiya har ma da ƙasan kandami. Hanyar ba ta da hatsari a gare su, saboda haka za su iya zama kusa da koguna masu gudu tare da guguwa, da guguwa.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa kula da mink abu ne mai sauƙi, kuna buƙatar bin ƙa'idodi kaɗan kawai:
- Gidan dadi Bawai muna maganar wani akwatuna masu sarari bane ko masu jan hoto ba. Ya kamata ya zama babban keji cike da hay, ganye, sawdust. Hakanan, ya kamata a yi nok a cikin keji, wanda dabba zata iya samun mafaka koyaushe.
- Abincin abinci. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da mink cikakke. Dole ne menu ya ƙunshi kifi, nama, madara, cuku gida, kayan lambu, hatsi. Yawancin shayarwa suna siyan abinci na musamman, suna yin babban kuskure. A wannan yanayin, dabbar zata rayu tsawon shekaru 5-6.
- Lokaci don ayyukan waje. Na dogon lokaci, dabbar ba za ta iya zama a cikin keji ba. Ya kamata a ɗauka don tafiya (kan leash), wasa, an ba shi damar shirya hanyoyin ruwa a cikin gidan wanka ko a cikin kandami.
American mink ne dabba karkata. Halin yana da kowa da kowa wanda ba wuya a iya faɗi shi a gaba.
Tsarin rayuwa
Gurin mink shine rami. Suna wadatar dasu da kansu, amma wani lokacin zasu iya zama a mikrat na muskrat. Yawancin wuraren zama na iya kasancewa a mink. Wannan shi ne na yau da kullun kuma na ɗan lokaci kaɗan.
Murju dindindin na zama tsintsiya ne. Dabbobi suna shirya su a bakin tafki a wani wuri mai bushe. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan minks suna ƙarƙashin tushen itaciyar kuma a gefe tare da ruwa. Minks suna yin ƙofar 1-2 zuwa ramin ɗinsu na dindindin. Ba tare da ruwan teku ba sosai, ƙofar na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin hanyar ruwa.
Tsawon bugun jini shine 1-1.5 m. Na gaba shine kantin sayar da gida na wasu ƙananan girma. Dabbobin suna rufe shi da ciyawa da gashin tsuntsu. Bayan wannan babban rami a cikin mazaunin wurin, dabbar tana da kanta wasu wuraren mafaka. Zasu iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin tushen manyan bishiyoyi ko cikin rami bishiyar da ta faɗi. Mink ya zaɓi filin. A ina zai iya ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba.
Yaɗa
Yankin tarihi na tatsuniyar Turai ya fara daga Finland zuwa gangaren gabas na tsaunukan Ural, ya danganta kansa zuwa dutsen Caucasus da Arewacin Spain daga kudu. Kwatankwacin bayyanar cutar mink a Faransa (1839) da gabashin Spain (1951) yana ba da shawara game da yaduwar nau'in halittar zuwa yamma. A cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata, an rage ta sosai cikin lambobi kuma an kashe ta ko kuma an rage ta sosai akan mafi yawan adadinta.
A halin yanzu, kewayon ya ƙunshi ƙananan rabe-rabensu: a arewacin Spain da yammacin Faransa, a cikin Danube Delta a Romania, Ukraine da Russia. Yana faruwa ne a wani tsaunin da ya kai 1120 m sama da matakin teku.
Kirkin ya tsira ne kawai a wani muhimmin sashi na kewayonsa kuma yana raguwa ko da a cikin bayanan wanzuwar rayuwa. Kamar yadda aka keɓe, kawai Romania, Vologda, Tver da Arkhangelsk na Rasha ana iya yin la'akari. A Romania, an tabbatar da kasancewar Turai a cikin Danube Delta a 1999. Da alama dai ƙasashen Turai suna ci gaba da yaduwa a wurin. Binciken da aka maimaita tarkuna tun daga 2001 ya nuna cewa mink yana zaune a yankin da bai wuce murabba'in kilomita 2,500 ba. A cikin Vologda Oblast, da aka ba da saurin raguwa a cikin jinsin a cikin yankuna makwabta da kasancewar mink na Amurka, ba lallai ba ne cewa yawan mazaunan Turai zai ci gaba na dogon lokaci. A cikin yankin Arkhangelsk, yawan jama'a ya kasance a arewacin yankin, wanda ke kusa da iyakar arewa da iyaka tare da nau'in halitta mai ƙarancin halitta. Zai yiwu kasancewar mink na Amurka yana iya haifar da babbar barazana ga kasancewar shi na dogon lokaci a can.
Fur Mink Sarauniya
Godiya ga kyakkyawar fur da kyan gani, an san ma'anar a ko'ina cikin duniya kuma ana ɗaukar ta "sarauniya" ta gaske tsakanin dabbobi masu fur. Thearfin zamani ya kasance asalin dabbobi masu taurin kai, waɗanda ke da daɗi ba kawai tare da fara'a na dabi'a ba, har ma da halayen kirki.
Matakan tsaro
Dubawa euro mink da aka jera a cikin IUCN Red Book, Red Books of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Komi, Perm Territory, Yamalo-Nenets Automatous Okrug, Orenburg, Pskov, Sverdlovsk, Novgorod, Chelyabinsk da Tyumen Regions, Sakhalin Oblast. .
Doka ta kiyaye shi a dukkan ƙasashe. Aƙalla wani ɓangare na yawan mazaunan suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu kariya, a cikin Rasha - a cikin Tsakanin Tsirrai na Taɓo Biosphere a cikin Tver yankin.
A shekara ta 2011, shirye-shiryen kariya masu zuwa suna nan:
- Shirin EEP Mink tun daga 1992 - kiyayewa ta hanyar halittar jini. A cikin bauta ya ƙunshi mutane 250. Masu gudanarwar sune Tallinn Zoo da Lutreola Foundation (Estonia).
- Shirin Kula da Kayan Mutanen Espanya na Mutanen Espanya tun daga 2004.
- Maimaita shari'ar a Alava (Spain) tun 2008.
- Shirin na musamman don kula da mink na Amurka a ciki da cikin kewayon (Spain).
- Mayar da martaba na Habitat a Navarre (Spain).
- Tsarin jihar Faransa game da adana kimar dabbobi da kuma sake sarrafawa tun daga shekara ta 2010 tsawon shekaru shida.
- Shirin Kula da Kayan Genome a Osnabruck (Jamus).
- Shirye-shiryen sake tunani a Saarland da Lower Saxony (Jamus).
- Kulawa ta yau da kullun a cikin Danube Delta (Romania) tun daga 2001.
- Matsakaicin yawan jama'a a tsibirin Hiumaa (Estonia) tun daga 2000.
An gabatar da shi zuwa tsibirin na Kuril: Kunashir (a cikin 1981-85, mutane 134) da Iturup (1986-1989, mutane 254), don ƙirƙirar ɗimbin ajiyar halitta wanda ba zai iya yin illa ba don ketare tare da mink na Amurka. Dangane da IUCN (2014), gabatarwar bai yi nasara ba; amma ba a iya samun daidaitaccen yawan mazaunan tsibirin ba.
Siffofi da mazaunin mink
Mink wakilin dangin mustelids ne, dabbobi masu shayarwa. Dabba karami ne a cikin girman, har zuwa 50 cm tsayi, elongated a siffar jiki, platy. Tsawon karamin wutsiya ba ta wuce 15-18 cm, muck ɗin ya yi kunkuntar, tare da ƙananan kunnuwa, kusan ba a ganuwa a cikin farin gashi.
Idanu suna kama da beads baƙi, masu matukar rai da nunawa. Yatsun kafafu gajere, an rufe shi da Jawo, yatsunsu suna sanye take da membranes na bayyane, musamman fadi a kafafun kafa
A cikin motsi na mink, an kama bouncing. Yawan nauyin mutum daga kilogiram 1.5 zuwa 3; maza sun fi kowane mace girma. Mafi kusancin dangi a cikin gidan Marten sune ferrets, weasel, ermine.
Jawancin gashi tare da ɗan gajeren santsi mai santsi, mai yawa kuma yana da kariya cewa, bayan doguwar zama cikin ruwa, gashin mink ba ya jiƙa Canjin yanayi baya shafar tsarin Jawo. Launi ya rinjayi monochromatic, daga launin ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baƙi. Sautin a kan ciki ya fi sauƙi, kuma a ƙafafu da wutsiya - launuka masu yawa.
A karkashin lebe akwai wani lokaci mai haske, wani lokacin akan same shi a kirjin dabbar ko a gefen ciki. A halin yanzu, minks na launuka iri-iri na Jawo sun goge: shuɗi, fari, lilac - gaba ɗayan launuka 60 masu launi.
Dabba tayi iyo sosai, saboda haka tana kiyaye jikin ruwa: a koguna, tafkuna, tashoshi. Menene mink yayi kama?ruwa zai iya lura dashi: dabba xarfin lalacewa na daban, sassauƙawar jiki, ɗaukar nauyi, saurin hanzari. Yakan zabi wurare don sake ginawa a bishiyoyin da suka fadi, snags, masu jujjuyawa zuwa sama da asalin ragargajewa.
Bayanin kwatancen dabbobi a cikin yanayi, yana da alaƙa da manyan nau'ikan dabbobi guda biyu: Turai da Amurka. Dukkan nau'ikan suna da kusanci da juna. An yi imanin cewa nau'in Amurkawa wanda aka guntu kan gonakin dabbobi ya bayyana daga Turai, yana da ɗan girma fiye da yadda aka yi nazari a baya dabbobi. Farashin Mink Amurka mafi girma don m Jawo.
Yankunan jinsunan Turai na mink sun haɗu daga Finland zuwa Dutsen Ural. A cikin kudu, iyakar rarraba tarihin yana nuna daga dutsen Caucasus da kuma arewacin yankunan Spain. Ana ganin ɗan dabbobi kaɗan a Faransa, wanda ke nuna ci gaba zuwa yamma.
Gabaɗaya, adadin minks ya ragu sosai saboda farautar kasuwanci saboda danshin danshi mai kyan gani. Ana kiyaye yawan jama'a a yankuna na gida kawai, an jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Red kuma doka ta kiyaye shi a dukkan kasashe.
Mink - dabba sawwakewa, isar da misalai na mata masu yawa:
- tsananin da daɗewa - bayyanuwar fushi da tsoro,
- a hankali da sanyaya - roko a yayin lokacin fitowar,
- cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali - sadarwa tare da zuriya.
Masu mallakan gidansu masu linzami suna fahimtar yarensu sosai kuma suna ƙoƙarin yin sadarwa koda da dogara. Dabbobi suna da raunin zuciya. Fushi zai iya lalata dabba, kodayake ya san yadda zai kare kansa.
Ana ɗaukar Minks a cikin hannayensu a cikin safofin hannu na musamman waɗanda ke kiyaye hannayensu daga kwari. Akwai wani makami a cikin dabbobi: kamar sanannen dabbar skunk, zai iya fesa wani ruwa mai danshi wanda yake tsoratar da abokan gaba. Mink a matsayin mai dabbobi da kyar ake samun irin wannan kariya.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Halin mink yana da rai kuma yana ta hannu. Yana jagoranci salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Yanayi bai baiwa dabbar damar da gudu, tayi hawa, amma tana iyo da kyau. Layuka yana motsawa tare da dukkan paws and jerks gaba. Can na iya tafiya tare da kasan. Jin tsoro kawai zai sa dabba ta hau kan reshe ko daji.
Ya fi son wuraren da ba kowa, ba shuru da baƙi, yana zaune tare da bankunan manyan hanyoyin ruwa da aka shimfiɗa, yana zabar tafkuna da ƙananan koguna.
Yana gina gida a kan ɓoye kwari a kusa da wanda akwai ruwa don dogara dogaro a zurfin a farkon haɗari. Yana bayyana bayan mitoci 15-20 don dubawa da kama numfashin ku, sannan ya ɓoye cikin ciyayi.
Ayyuka suna bayyana tare da fara duhu, kodayake wasu lokuta yakan farauta a yayin day a ranar daga yankin zuwa 12 zuwa 25 ha. Yana neman abinci a ƙasa, yana cin kusan rabin kilomita a rana akan wuraren farautarsa.
Ana maimaita hanyoyin kowace rana, rana tare da alamun wari. Tare da farawa na hunturu, dole ne ku matsa sau 3-4 don duba ragowar itacen tsutsa.
Yayi ƙoƙari kada ya bayyana a dusar ƙanƙara, yana motsawa cikin ramuka da ruwa. Minks ba su da isasshen yanayin hunturu, amma a cikin kwanakin sanyi dabbar za ta iya kwanciya cikin kogon kuma ta yi ɗan lokaci, tana jiran kwanaki masu tsauri.
Gidajen Mink suna hayannukan ɗakuna tare da zuriyar busassun ciyawa, fuka-fukai da gansakuka, fitarwa biyu masu yawa. Daya zuwa ruwa, ɗayan zuwa ciyayi mai yawa. Ana ajiye wani keɓaɓɓen wuri don gidan wanka
Tsohon tsoffin berayen berayen ruwa, muskrats, fasa na gida da abubuwan gwanaye kuma za'a iya mamaye su don zama. Dabba ta nisanta mutane, amma son sani da kuma sha'awar cin abinci akan wasa ya fi tsoro. Saboda haka, kaji sau da yawa ana fama da tashe-tashen hankula.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, ana nuna ƙarancin jima'i a cikin ƙwararrun maza yayin da maza suke da ɗan girma fiye da mace. Bambanci a cikin launi ko kowane, banda girma, fasali na waje, tsakanin wakilan jinsi daban-daban ba su da mahimmanci kuma, ga alama, sun dogara da abubuwan gado.
Habitat, mazauni
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mink na Turai suna rayuwa mai yawa wanda ya fara daga Finland zuwa Dutsen Ural. Daga kudu ya haɗu da Dutsen Caucasus da Pyrenees a arewacin Spain. Har zuwa yamma, kewayon wannan nau'in ya wuce zuwa Faransa da gabashin gabashin Spain. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa an nemi farautar minks tun zamanin da, wanda ya zama yaɗuwa musamman cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata, lambobinsu sun ragu sosai, kuma kewayon, wanda a baya ya miƙa ta hanyar ci gaba mai nisa daga yamma zuwa gabas, ya kumbura zuwa tsibiran mutum, inda har yanzu akwai sauran rina a kaba. wadannan cunyas.
A halin yanzu, mink na Turai suna zaune a arewacin Spain, a yammacin Faransa, a Romania, Ukraine da Russia. Haka kuma, a cikin yankin kasarmu mafi yawan mutane suna zaune ne a yankin Vologda, Arkhangelsk da Tver. Amma ko da can, mink na Turai ba zai iya jin lafiya ba saboda gaskiyar cewa ana samun karuwar mink ta Amurka a cikin mazauninsu - babban abokin hamayya da mai fafatawa wanda ke tilasta shi daga mazauninta na asali.
Mink na Turai yana zaune kusa da jikin ruwa, musamman yana son zaɓar rafuffuka tare da bankuna masu ladabi, an rufe shi da tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, da koguna na daji tare da hutu da yalwar ciyayi da ke gefen teku kamar mazauninsu, yayin da wuya ya zauna kan manyan koguna. Amma kuma yana iya zama a cikin yankin sashi, inda yake yawan zama a gefen rafin tabkuna, tafkuna, marshes, tsoffin mata da kuma cikin ambaliyar ruwa. An samo shi a cikin matattarar ƙasa, inda yake zaune a kan kogunan tuddai masu sauri tare da tuddai da ke daji.
Abincin mink na Turai
Mink dabba ce mai tsinkaye, kuma abincin dabbobi ne wanda ke taka rawa a cikin abincinsa. A cikin ruwa sai ta kama ƙananan kifaye, wanda shine babban ɓangaren menu na dabbar. A bakin tekun, yana cin abinci a kan ƙananan ƙananan jijiyoyi, frogs, macizai masu matsakaici, kuma, a wani lokaci, tsuntsaye. Hakan baya ƙin ƙwayar frog da tadpoles, crayfish, mollusks na ruwa a ruwa har ma da kwari. Minks da ke zaune kusa da ƙauyuka na iya wasu lokuta farauta don kaji, kuma a lokacin hunturu ciyarwar hunturu sukan tara kayan abinci kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, wannan dabbar ta fi son ta shirya kayan abinci a rami ko kuma a cikin kayan 'kayan kwalliya na musamman. Sau da yawa kuma da yardar sake sake farfado da waɗannan hannun jari, don haka da wuya ta shiga yajin aikin gama-gari da ke faruwa a cikin bututun.
Ba kamar yawancin magabatan da ke son nama ba “da shaƙa,” mink na Turai sun zaɓi cin abinci mai tsabta. A wasu lokutan ma kan iya fama da jin yunwa kwanaki da yawa, don wani abu daban, don fara cin nama.
Kiwo da zuriya
Lokaci na macijin yana wucewa daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, yayin da ake yawan samun faɗa a tsakanin maza, tare da sautin yawan haushi. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa lokacin dabbar ta farawa tun kafin dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a yawancin kewayon, wuraren da ake gudanar da tsalle-tsalle masu ƙima ana godiya sosai ga hanyoyin da ake kira trokes tattasai mata a gefen gabar. Bayan ma'aurata, mace da namiji kowannensu sun bar yankinsu kuma idan hanyoyinsu suka sake sake shiga har zuwa farkon tafiya, to kawai kwatsam.
Cutar ciki na faruwa ne daga kwanaki 40 zuwa 43 kuma yana karewa da haihuwar 'ya'ya hudu ko biyar, kodayake, a zahiri, suna iya zama daga biyu zuwa bakwai. Jariri an haife shi makaho ne da marasa taimako, mace tana ciyar da su da madara har tsawon makonni 10. A wannan lokaci, matasa minks fara hankali da tafiya farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu, kuma da makonni 12 suka zama mai zaman kanta.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Duk da cewa minks ba su da alaƙa da dangin canine, al'ada ce a kira theira theiran su, haka ma yaran wasu Marten, kuyai.
Har zuwa farkon kaka, dangi suna zama tare, bayan wannan kuma 'yan ƙwayayen suna zuwa neman wuraren da suka dace dasu. Balaga ta jima'i a cikin minks na faruwa ne da kimanin watanni 10.
Kariyar Mink
Hoto: Littafin Mink
Tun daga zamanin da, tsinkayyar dabbobi suna zama ganima ga mafarauta don kyakkyawar furfura mai ƙauna mai tsada. Sakamakon wannan, nau'in jinsin Turai ya ragu sosai, har ma da yanki da aka rarraba shi a sararin samaniya. A yau, akwai tsauraran haramcin kama wadannan dabbobi. Godiya ga wannan, ya yuwu a dakatar da saurin lalata minks, amma matsalar har yanzu tana dacewa - yawan dabbobin ba ya girma, amma a hankali yana raguwa.
An jera jinsunan Turai na mink a cikin Littafin Red tun daga 1996. Ana ganin zai shuɗe cikin yankuna na Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan, Komi, a Orenburg, Novgorod, Tyumen da sauran yankuna da yawa na Rasha.
Don kiyaye jinsunan, an gabatar da matakan kariya kamar haka:
- Haramcin harbi. Don Jawo, waɗannan dabbobin yanzu ana bred a kan gonakin fur na musamman,
- Takaitaccen garken ya biyo bayan sakin shi zuwa wuraren da aka kare. Masana ilimin kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin hana lalata dabbobin, da sanya su cikin yanayi na musamman, sannan kuma sake su cikin daji,
- Gabatar da dokar hana lalata ciyayi. Wannan yana ba ku damar adana wuraren da waɗannan dabbobin za su iya rayuwa da kiwo,
- Daban-daban shirye-shiryen haihuwa, shirye-shiryen kare lafiyar dabbobi a Spain, Jamus, Faransa,
- Kula da yawan dabbobi a mahallinsu na yau da kullun, inganta yawan jama'a.
Mink - ƙaramin, mai wayo da sassauƙa tare da furry furry. Ita ce babbar manufar kamun kifi a duniya. A cikin yanayin halitta, sannu a hankali aka rage nau'in Turai na mink, wanda Amerikan ya maye gurbinsu, fur wanda yafi mahimmanci kuma mai inganci. A saboda wannan dalili, ana buƙatar ƙasashen da ke cikin mazaunin ɗakunan minks su yi duk ƙoƙari don adana ƙimar dabba mai mahimmanci.