Kwando na Rasha, wanda ke da kusan 40% na kamawar dabibut, kifin salmon, pollock, cod da katun katako na yammacin Kamchatka, Tekun Okhotsk ne. Matsalolin muhalli na wannan yankin suna tambayar wannan magana. Fasa bututun waje da bunkasar tattalin arzikin yankin gabashin Gabas muhimmai ne na tattalin arzikin kasarmu. Amma ba su cancanci matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk ba, waɗanda za mu tattauna a taƙaice a wannan labarin.
Labarin kasa
Tun daga 2014, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya filayen murabba'in murabba’in kilomita 52,2 a cikin Okhotsk. Wannan tsibirin da ke cikin ƙasarmu ya rabu da Tekun Pacific ta tsibirin Hokkaido da Sakhalin, da yankin Kamchatka da kuma tsibirin Kuril. Yankin duka na saman teku shine murabba'in kilomita dubu 1603, matsakaicin zurfin kusan mita dubu 4, matsakaita kuma mita 1780. Daga Oktoba zuwa Yuni, yankin arewa yana cike da kankara. Wani Kofi mai cike da ruwa cike da karami Kukhtuy da Okhota suna kwarara cikin teku. Ta hanyar sunan na ƙarshen ne ya sami sunan ta, kodayake ana kiranta da Lamsky da Kamchatsky.
Abiotic alamu
Tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa a lokacin rani shine +10. +18 ° C, a cikin hunturu - har zuwa - 2 ° C. Wannan ya shafi saman farfajiya, kuma a zurfin sama da mita 50, tsaka-tsakin ruwa yana ɗaukar yawan zafin jiki koyaushe a shekara, wanda shine +1.7 ° C. Salinity na ruwa a farfajiya ya tashi daga kashi 32.8 zuwa kashi 33.8. A cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, salinity yana daɗaɗawa kaɗan (34.5%). A cikin hanyoyin ruwan koguna, ba kasafai ya wuce kashi 30% ba. Sashin zane na Okhotsk mai laushi, wani ɓangare na ƙasashen Eurasian, yana haifar da sauƙin kai ma. Koyaya, wannan yankin gabaɗaya yana faruwa ta hanyar ƙara girgizar ƙasa, kimanin wutar lantarki mai gudu 30 suna can anan.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Wannan yanki ne na kamun kifi na gargajiya da kuma irin abincin teku kamar kifayen da ruwan teku. Wani sashi na Yankin Tekun Arewa ya ratsa tekun Okhotsk. Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yankin Gabas suna bakin iyaka: Magadan, Severo-Kurilsk, Korsakov (Sakhalin) da Okhotsk. A cikin yankin bakin teku na Sakhalin, ana haɓaka albarkatun ƙasa na hydrocarbon. Dangane da ƙididdigar zamani, akwai tan biliyan 8 - 12 na daidaitaccen mai. Wannan ya kai kashi 12% na duk abubuwan da za a iya dawo da su na rayayyun komputa na ƙasar da har zuwa kashi 4% na ƙasa ta ƙasa mai hako mai.
Biota na Tekun Okhotsk
Bambancin jinsuna na rairayin bakin teku da tsibiran Tekun Okhotsk na da wadatar ruwa kuma na musamman. Akwai yankuna da ke gabar teku da tsibiri sama da 150 da kuma tsibiri 12 na yankin. Adadin ya kusan mutane miliyan 11, waɗanda nau'ikan 15 ke wakilta. A cikin tekun, akwai ɗumbin kuliyoyin kuliyoyi, damisa, ƙyallen kuliyoyi, kifayen arewacin (maniyyi whales, kifin kisa, da humpbacks). Akwai kifin sharks na salmon, katranas, stingrays kalilan. Babban kifin kifaye (har zuwa nau'in 200), wanda ke wakiltar pollock, cod, wasu nau'ikan kwari, herring, kifin da sauran nau'in kifaye masu yawa, sun ƙayyade wanzuwar halittar halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yawancin nau'ikan invertebrates (mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans) da kuma wadataccen kwalliyar ruwa na ruwa suna ba da gudummawa ga bambancin jinsi.
Rabaramar aljanna da phytoplankton na musamman
Wannan rukunin teku ya fara zama na farko a duniya cikin ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren wadannan kasuwanni. 80% na duniya na samar da kamchatka dunƙulen ana samarwa a cikin Tekun na Okhotsk. Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli suna jefa waɗannan zargin, saboda crustaceans alamu ne na tsabtace ruwa. Kwarin kamchatka a nan ya kai mita 1.5 a cikin kafaɗun kafaɗinsa kuma yana da nauyin kilo 3. Phytoplankton yana wakiltar diatoms. Tekun yana da wadatar ruwan hoda (kelp), ja da koren algae.
Fasali da albarkatun Tekun Okhotsk
Yankin Kogin Okhotsk ya kai muraba'in kilomita dubu 1603. km., matsakaicin zurfin shine 3916 m, matsakaici shine 821 m. Kasuwancin kasuwanci suna wakiltar kifaye 40 na kifi, gami da bass na teku, navaga, herring, pollock, cod. Salmon - kifi mai tsami, kifi mai ruwan hoda, kifin kakin salo, kifin mashin, ya zama ruwan dare, akwai dunkule masu tarin yawa (wuri na 1 a duniya). Daga kasan teku, wanda ke da taimako iri-iri, ana fitar da albarkatun mai da iskar gas. Hanyoyin teku suna haɗa Vladivostok tare da tsibirin Kuril. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna da tasiri a kan samuwar Tekun Okhotsk yanayin kasa.
Gurɓatar mai
Tekun Okhotsk, musamman, ruwa yana wanke Tsibirin Kamchatka, har zuwa yanzu ana ɗaukar su da tsabta. Zuwa mafi girman, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin wannan ƙasa babu ma'adinai da sarrafa kayan albarkatun ma'adinai, kuma babu masana'antun masana'antu masu haɗari.
Duk kogin Kamchatka da tafki ana sarrafa su a cikin ƙananan kima, ana nuna su ta tsarin iskar oxygen mai gamsarwa da ƙarancin ƙazanta, saboda rashin manyan hanyoyin gurbata yanayi a yankin.
Kogunan arewa maso yamma da gabar kudu maso yamma suna wuce layin yammacin Kamchatka, inda ake da boyayyun peat. A hade tare da ruwan marsh, koguna suna cike da ɗimbin yawa na ɗanyen ciyayi, abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta. A wasu halaye, yawan kayan mai a cikin kogin rafi yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke faruwa saboda fashewa da iska da narke ruwa daga wuraren adana mai da mai.
Ainihin, akwai abun haɓaka kayan samfuran mai a wuraren da aka fi mai da jirgin ruwa ruwa. Amma godiya ga aikin magudanan ruwa, kwari da gudana, abun da suke cikin ruwa yana raguwa da sauri, ruwa baya wuce iyakar yuwuwar tattara abubuwan cutarwa a nesa mai nisan mil da dama daga tushen gurbatar yanayi.
Haɗarin haɗari daga samar da mai
Har zuwa kwanan nan, Tekun Tekun Okhotsk, idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna na Tekun Gabas, ya kasance da tsabta kuma yana da wadatar aiki. Koyaya, lamarin zai iya canza yanayin binciken da ake tsammani da kuma samar da samfuran mai, wanda ke barazanar haɓaka gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta.
Irin waɗannan ayyukan sukan haifar da canje-canje a cikin ingancin ruwa, abubuwan da ke cikin al'umma da kuma tsari, raguwa ga rabe-raben halittu da raguwa ga samar da abubuwan halitta.
Ana amfani da Hydrocarbon a matsayin babban kayan mai mai gubamai iya tara abubuwa a cikin kwayoyin, yana haifar da sakamako mai guba. Abubuwan da ke cikin magudanar ƙanshi mai ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin taro (5-5 hours / miliyan 1 na ruwa) suna haɗari ga rayuwar ruwa da yawa. Man mai, ko da a cikin raguwar mai, yana gurɓatar da ƙasan da faron planktonic.
Binciken bayanai a cikin nazarin yadda yawan abubuwan fashewar mai ya yi yawa a cikin Tekun Okhotsk, na nuna wani tsayayyen tsarin lalacewa. Sakamakon iska da raƙuman ruwa, mai yana gudana a cikin yankuna masu nisa, don haka ya cutar da yanayin ilimin muhalli na wuraren ruwa wanda aka cire shi sosai daga haɓakar.
Gurɓatar mai
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da gurbatarwar mai suna da alaƙa da zubar da kayayyaki masu tsafta ta hanyar matatun mai da ke yankin yankin teku, tasoshin jirgin ruwa, gami da samar da mai daga Tekun Okhotsk. Kwayar cuta kuma ta fito ne daga ingancin kogunan da ke kwarara cikin teku. Tare da taimakon iska da igiyoyin ƙarfi, babban yanki na saman teku yana rufe da fim na man.
Matsalar muhalli ta taso sakamakon gurɓataccen mai mai guba da ke cikin mai, wanda ya tara tarin kwayoyin cuta: gurɓataccen mai, har ma a cikin abubuwan da suka nuna sakaci, da guba a ruwa.
Saboda jinkirin aiwatar da tsarkakewar teku, bazuwar mai yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci. Tasiri:
- canje-canje a cikin tsari da tsarin ruwan teku,
- raguwa a cikin kifi da sauran rayuwar ruwa,
- raguwa a yawan kayan amfanin gona na teku.
Kayan mai a cikin ruwa
Hanyar Titin Tekun Arewa tana wucewa ta tekun, kuma matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk ba ko kadan bane sanadiyyar yawan jiragen da tankin ruwa a cikin ruwan sa. Rasako sun cutar da yanayin muhalli ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wannan canji ne acoustic, magnetic, radiation, lantarki da filayen zafi a cikin ruwan. Matsalar muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk ana haifar dashi ta hanyar sharar gida da masana'antu, da sharar gida da kayayyakin kone mai. Kodayake jigilar kaya ba matsala ce mafi girma ba, bai kamata ka yanke wannan batun ba.
Menene kuma ke haifar da matsalolin muhalli a cikin Tekun Okhotsk?
Gurɓatar iska
Motocin ruwa, da suka hada da tankoki, jiragen ruwa, jigilar kaya da jiragen ruwa, da kamun kifi da jiragen ruwa masu sarrafa kifi, da dai sauransu, kasancewa a cikin yanayin halittar Tekun Okhotsk, ana iya ɗaukarsu azaman fasahar fasahar kere-kere da ke tattare da haɗarin rikicewar yanayin lafiyar.
Masana sun gano manyan hanyoyin goma na mummunan tasirin jirgin ruwa akan sararin samaniya, biosphere da hydrosphere:
- filin acoustic
- filin magnetic,
- filin filin
- filin lantarki,
- filin zafi
- sharar gida,
- sharar masana'antu
- rashin ruwa,
- da ruwa mai mai,
- man gas kayayyakin,
Duk da cewa jiragen ruwa na teku ba sa jagoranci kan tasirin muhalli a kan muhalli, bai kamata a yi watsi da wannan nau'in tasirin na fasaha ba, saboda muhimmiyar darajar masana'antar kamun kifi da jiragen ruwa a cikin iyakokin iyakokin Tekun Okhotsk.
Kalli bidiyon: Tekun Okhotsk
Kasashen waje na Haɓaka
Hydrocarbon samarwa a cikin shiryayye daga Tekun Okhotsk matsala ce ta muhalli na yuwuwar yanayin. Kungiyoyin muhalli na Sakhalin da Kamchatka sun daɗe suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin hukumomin hukumomin da na jama'a game da haɗarin da ke jiranmu ta wannan hanyar. Matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk da kuma hanyoyin magance su, an danganta su da tabbatar da ka'idojin aminci na duniya a kamfanonin mai. Bayan duk, hydrocarbon - babban sinadaran mai na mai - ya tara a cikin kwayoyin, har ma a taro na 5-50 a cikin sassan ruwa miliyan 1, yana da illa ga rayuwar ruwa. Kuma mai mai ƙanƙanuwa a cikin allurai kaɗan yana kashe babban ɓangaren sarkar abinci - ƙananan tsire-tsire da plankton dabbobi.
Gudanar da yanayin yanayi
Kamun kifi da kuma harbi suna haifar da matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk. Wannan ya keta ka'idojin kamun kifi da wuce kima na samarwa. Tuni a yau, hannun jari na crustaceans (Kamchatka crab), kifin (salmon na gabashin Sakhalin ruwan hoda) da sauran nau'ikan kasuwanci da yawa suna lalata. Sabbin ayyukan 'yan majalisu na kwanan nan a cikin Sakhalin Oblast suna la'akari da ragewa da iyakance kamun kifin masana'antu da samar da abincin teku. Bugu da kari, tun daga shekarar 2014, an tsaurara matakan yaki da masu kamun kifi a nan.
Abubuwa masu ban mamaki da ke cikin Tekun Okhotsk
Kawai a wannan yankin akwai wasu halittu masu ban mamaki waɗanda mutane kaɗan ba su sani ba. Misali, gopher na Afrilu. Malan dabbobi ne masu saurin shayarwa wanda ke rayuwa a yankin gaɓar teku suna ciyar da kifaye da bakin teku. Kuma ban da wannan, ya saba da mazaunan garin daga lalacewar kwale-kwale da raunin da ke tattare da magudanan ruwa. A garken waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi suna kai hari ga babban kare kuma suna iya ci. Ko kuma mai jigilar dabbar mahalli ta gida - kifin kifaye (dangin perch), sanannu ne ga ire-irensu. Ku ci ku ci, amma da zafin nama kuma ya fasa ruɓaɓɓen ruwa. Ko wata halitta mai ban mamaki da baƙon abu - kokwamba na teku. Trepang (echinoderms na halittar holothurian), idan akwai haɗari, sukan jefa kansu ga abokan gaba tare da kayan maye masu guba. Abubuwan da suke amfani da su na guba suna amfani da mutum ne wajen kera magunguna da kayan haɗi.
Abubuwan da ke cikin Tekun Okhotsk da matsalolin muhalli na Pacific suna ƙarƙashin hukumomin tarayya. Ganin mahimmancin wannan yankin a bangaren kasuwanci da makamashi na tattalin arziƙin ƙasar, ban da shirye-shiryen yanki don kare lafiyar halittu, an kuma sa ran ƙirƙirar shirin muhalli na tarayya.
Gurbata yanayi
Akwai yuwuwar haɗarin lalatawar rediyo yana wakiltar abubuwa masu narkewa da ambaliyar ruwa dangane da asarar shingen kariya. Karatun da aka sani:
- A shekara ta 1987, jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu mai saukar ungulu ya dauke shi zuwa wani katafaren fitila mai nisa, wanda, saboda matsalolin da aka fuskanta yayin jirgin, an jefa shi cikin Tekun Okhotsk kusa da Sakhalin. Bayan shekaru 4, an ba da umarnin sashin soja don nemo na'urar, amma ba a cika yin hakan ba.
- A cikin 1997, matukan jirgin saman farar hula sun fidda wata matattarar zafi ta radioisotope (RTG) zuwa yankin ruwa kusa da Cape Mariamai dangantaka da aji na farko haɗari. An cire janareto daga cikin teku a 2007.
- A cewar ma'aikatan Cibiyar Binciken Cibiyar na Kurchatov, an yi amfani da wani RTG 39 39 ta ambaliyar ruwa a Tekun Okhotsk tare da keta bukatun muhalli.
Sharar iska mai lalacewa a cikin Tekun Okhotsk zai haifar da barazana ga Rasha tsawon shekaru 600-800. Koyaya, ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi ingantaccen jigajaniya game da tasirin abubuwan da ambaliyar ta lalata a cikin tsabtace Tekun Okhotsk da yawan jama'a sakamakon karancin bayanai kan yanayin su.
Bayanin Tekun Okhotsk
Wannan tafkin yana wanke daga gabar kasashen Rasha da Japan. An raba shi da Tekun Pasifik ta Tsiniyar Kamchatka, Tsibirin Kuril da tsibirin Hokkaido. Amma har yanzu ba'a dauke shi a cikin teku ba, kodayake yana magana da ruwan teku kawai ta cikin hanyoyin. Tekun Okhotsk na daya daga cikin zurfafa a Rasha: girmanta ya kai kusan kilomita 4. Yankin Wurin ma babban yanki ne - sama da murabba'in kilomita dubu ɗaya da ɗari. Duk yankin arewacin teku yana cike da kankara sama da watanni shida, lamarin da ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan kamun kifi da hanyoyin sufuri. A kudu maso gabas, a bakin tekun Japan, Tekun Okhotsk kusan bai daskare kuma ruwansa yalwatacce a cikin kifi da ciyayi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan tafarkin sun hada da gaskiyar cewa ita bakin tekun tana da yawa sosai kuma tana da kudade masu yawa. Yankunan wasu yankuna basu da matsala a tsarin iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da yawan hadari har ma da tsunamis. Manyan koguna uku - Amur, Okhota da Kukhtuy - suna kwarara zuwa Tekun Okhotsk. Matsalolin muhalli suma suna da alaƙa da waɗancan wuraren da suke gudana.
Albarkatun wannan yankin
Tekun Okhotsk ba shi da wadataccen kifi saboda yanayin zafinsa. Amma har yanzu kamun kifi akwai ci gaba sosai. Abubuwan da ke cikin Tekun Okhotsk da matsalolin muhalli na yankin suna da alaƙa. Lallai ne, saboda tasoshin kamun kifi da kuma samar da mai ne wannan tsarin yake haifar da wahala. An kama kifin ruwan teku mai mahimmanci a cikin yankin: navagu, pollock, herring, flounder. Akwai faɗin kifaye daban-daban - chum, kifin ruwan hoda, ruwan kifi da kuma sauran su. Bugu da kari, akwai wani mashahurin kifin teku a cikin kasashe da yawa, akwai squids da urchins na teku. Akwai dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin Tekun Okhotsk: like, like, fur fur da Whales. Algae ja da launin ruwan kasa gama gari, wanda shima wadataccen kamun kifi ne.An samu adon mai da iskar gas, da kuma wasu karafa masu fashewa, a sashin shiryayye.
Dabba da shuka duniya
Matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk, galibi suna da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'in kifaye da dabbobin ruwa suna ɓacewa. Musamman abin da ya shafa sune kifayen fata da inshoran fur, waɗanda kusan an gama dasu. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a magance yaƙin fyaɗe da kame-kame ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Kasuwancin kifayen kifi na kasuwanci, musamman irin kifin, kuma ya ragu sosai. Saboda wannan kuma saboda gurɓataccen ruwan teku tare da kayan mai, ƙimar kasuwancinsu ya zama ƙasa kaɗan. M yanayin muhalli mara kyau yana tasiri yawan adadin algae da aka girbe saboda buƙatun gidaje daban-daban.
Magani zuwa Tekun Okhotsk
Sun fara magana ne game da tsabtace yanayin yankin kawai a ƙarshen karni na 20. A wannan lokacin ne masanan muhalli su ka ji kararrawa saboda karuwar gurbataccen mai da ruwan ke yi. Baya ga hanyoyin da aka saba bi don magance matsalolin muhalli tsawon shekaru, an gabatar da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don inganta halin da ake ciki a yankin:
- sun ba da shawarar mayar da Kamchatka da ruwan da ke kusa da ita zuwa cikin ajiyar albarkatun ruwa na duniya wanda aka kunshe cikin jerin wuraren Tarihi na Duniya,
- Wata shawara kuma ita ce sake gina daukacin masana'antar tattalin arzikin Kamchatka da kuma 'yantar da ita daga bangarorin da basu da amfani,
- An yi imanin cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci a ba Tekun Okhotsk matsayin matsayin tekun da ke cikin Tarayyar Rasha. Wannan zai taimaka don magance matsaloli da yawa: kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, gurbataccen ruwa ta jiragen ruwa na wasu ƙasashe,
- Yana da matukar muhimmanci a shawo kan kashe-kashen dabbobi masu yawa - poaching.
Idan kawai kuna kusanci da mafita game da matsalolin muhalli na yankin, zaku iya ceton tsarin halittar musamman na Tekun Okhotsk.
Gurɓatar mai
Farkon ruwan Tekun Okhotsk an dauke su da tsabta. A yanzu haka lamarin ya canza saboda yawan mai. Babban matsalar muhalli na teku shine gurbata ruwa ta hanyar kayayyakin mai. Sakamakon mai ya shiga yankin ruwa, tsarin da kuma yanayin canje-canje na ruwa, yawan aikin halittar teku yana raguwa, kuma yawan kifayen da mazaunan ruwa daban-daban ke raguwa. Musamman lalacewa ta hanyar hydrocarbon, wanda shine ɓangaren mai, saboda yana da sakamako mai guba a kan kwayoyin. Amma ga tsarin tsabtace kai, yana da jinkirin sosai. Man na lalata a cikin ruwan teku na dogon lokaci. Saboda iska da ƙarfi igiyoyin, mai shimfidawa da kuma rufe wurare masu yawa na jikin ruwa.
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Sauran nau'in gurbataccen iska
Ban da wannan kuma, ana tsamo mai daga shiryayye daga Tekun Okhotsk, ana hakar albarkatun ma'adinai anan. Kamar yadda koguna da yawa suka kwarara cikin teku, ruwa mai datti ya fada ciki. Fashin ruwa da mai da ke gurbata ruwa. Ana shigar da daskararrun gidaje da masana'antu cikin kogunan kogin Okhotsk, wanda hakan ke kara dagula yanayin yanayin yanayin teku.
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Daban-daban jiragen ruwa, tankokin ruwa da jiragen ruwa suna da mummunan tasiri kan yanayin tekun, da farko saboda amfani da nau'ikan man. Abubuwan motocin ruwa masu saukar ungulu suna fitar da hasken rana da maganadisu, wutar lantarki da gurbata yanayi. Ba wuri na ƙarshe a cikin wannan jerin gurbataccen gida ba.
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Tekun Okhotsk yanki ne na tattalin arzikin Rasha. Sakamakon aikin mutane, galibi masana'antu, daidaitaccen yanayin yanayin wannan tsarin ruwa ya tarwatse. Idan mutane ba su canza tunaninsu cikin lokaci ba, kuma suka fara magance waɗannan matsalolin, akwai damar a lalata teku gaba ɗaya.
Gurɓacewar Maritime
Ana ɗaukar jigilar ruwa a matsayin tushen tasirin fasaha. Manyan jiragen ruwa da tankokin ruwa suna shawagi a Tekun Okhotsk. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ta hanyar sa ne Yankin Tekun Arewa ya faɗi. Jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu da jiragen ruwa suna kawo cikas ga ma'aunin yanayin kasa.
Sakamakon lalata yana faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin acoustic, magnetic, radiation, lantarki da filayen zafi a cikin ruwa. Kari akan haka, ana zubar da kayan sarrafa mai. Yankin Tekun Okhotsk ya yi kankanta, kuma yawan zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar ruwa yana karuwa a kowace shekara, saboda wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za a sadarwa tare da tsibirin Kuril, tsibirin Sakhalin da Kamchatka.
Kashi 40 cikin dari na masunta ya dogara da abincin teku daga Tekun Okhotsk. Kifi da Jirgin ruwa mai sarrafa kifi suna aiki a can. Bugu da kari, jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa masu jigilar fasinjoji da ke zirga-zirga a Tekun Bahar Rum suna da sakamako mara kyau.
Rashin ingancin biogeocenosis saboda kamun kifi
Rushe albarkatun Tekun Okhotsk da matsalolin muhalli ra'ayoyi ne masu ma'amala iri biyu.
A ƙasa, ana keta tasirin lokacin kamun kifi, kuma yawan hakar ma an wuce shi.
Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kifaye masu mahimmanci: navaga, pollock, herring, flounder. Hakanan, wakilan salmon suna zaune a ciki: chum, ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda, coho salmon da sauransu. Tekun Okhotsk a wasu kasashe ana kiransa aljannar juye. Kusan kashi 80% na abubuwan da duniya ke samarwa na Kamchatka ana samar da su daidai a cikin ruwan wannan teku.
Sanannen mazaunin marine sananne ne saboda girmanta. Ya kai mita 1.5 a cikin adadin paws, kuma babban adadin ya wuce kilogiram 3. Bugu da kari, squid da hujin teku suna zaune a can. Dabbobin ruwa suna wakilta ta hatimi, hatimai, ƙamushin zaren fata da kifayen fata. Hakanan za'a iya bambanta launin ruwan kasa da launin ja da albarkatu mai mahimmanci na kasuwanci.
Ganin cewa crustaceans alama ce ta tsabtace ruwa, ana fuskantar barazanar lalacewa. Kari kan hakan, masu fastoci suna yin tasiri akan wannan, suna lalata bambancin jinsunan kasuwanci na mazaunan ruwa.
Wannan tekun yana da mahimmanci a cikin sashin kasuwanci da makamashi na tattalin arzikin Rasha. A yau, ba kawai shirye-shiryen yankuna na kare lafiyar muhalli ba, amma ana tsammanin haɓaka shirin muhalli na mahimmancin tarayya.
Hanyoyi don magance matsalolin muhalli
Fahimtar da matsalar matsalar yanayin muhalli ke ciki ya dawo a ƙarshen karni na 20. Yin la'akari da matsalolin muhalli a yau ana aiwatar dashi a matakin tarayya kuma yana buƙatar mahimmancin saka hannun jari. Hanyoyi don magance matsalolin muhalli na Tekun Okhotsk:
- iko da kara da lokacin kamun kifi, iyakance yiwuwar yin amfani da na'urori don duban kasa mara kyau da cunkoso na mazaunan ruwa,
- halittar yanayi mai ba da damar amfani da halittar mollusks, jatan lande, algae, waxanda sune abubuwan tsabtace ruwa,
- gabatarwar sabbin fasahar zamani a tsaftacewar yankin,
- saka idanu game da fitowar ruwan sha, gina masu tattara daidai da takardun da aka yarda,
- samar da belin daji don iyakance shigarwar takin zamani na gona zuwa cikin ruwa.
Yin watsi da matsalolin zasu shafi microflora na teku na Okhotsk da daidaita ruwan duniya.
Kowa yana da alhakin gurɓatar muhalli. Fahimtar tsananin yanayin shine rabin nasarar. Tsarin gaske ne kawai na neman mafita da kuma sanya su cikin aikace-aikacen da ke taimaka wajan magance matsalolin muhalli na duniya a yankin da kuma adana tsarin halittun da ke cikin Tekun Okhotsk.