A cikin gandun daji na Amazonia, masana kimiyya sun gano tsuntsu wanda zai iya saurin saukar jirgin sama. Ran wasa mai rawar daɗaɗɗiya "zai yi waƙa" da kuma wanda ya riga shi, zakara a cikin manyan tsuntsayen - babbar girgiza mai ban tsoro. Sautin ringin ya kasance decibels 9 ya fi ƙarfin filin wasan, wakilin tvbrics.com ya ba da rahoto tare da nplus1.ru.

Ba'amurke masanin ilimin dabbobi Jeffrey Podos ya tabbatar da rera wannan waka. Shi, tare da takwaransa na Brazil, Mario Con-Havt, sun tafi zuwa gandun daji na Amazon don kwatanta waka tare da dangi, mai kararrawa mai kararrawa. Af, masana kimiyya suna da tuhuma cewa harbi ba zakara bane, yanzu akwai shaidu.

Ornithologists sun auna girma na tsuntsayen ta amfani da madogarar matakin sauti. Kuma thean wasan sun sami nau'ikan waƙoƙi guda biyu: ƙari ɗaya na kowa, amfaninta yana kama da na piha (108 da 116 dB, bi da bi). Amma na biyun, wanda ke faruwa kusan sau ɗaya cikin shida, yana da ƙarfi sosai: matsakaici na 116 dB, kuma mafi yawan 125 dB.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran sautuna, matsakaiciyar maɓallin ciyawa shine 90 dB, injin jirgin sama shine dB 120. Sakamakon ya sa ƙararrawa guda-biyu shine mafi girman tsuntsu yanzu da aka sani akan duniyar.

Ta yaya ran wasan adai ke sarrafa waka da ikon wannan? Masana kimiyya sun hango cewa duka abu yana cikin tsarin aikinsa na baki: shi, kamar tsuntsayen da yawa daga dangin coding guda ɗaya, yana da bakin faɗa mai yawa. Kuma wannan shine ainihin abin da ya taimaka masa ba kawai ya ci manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, har ma yana ba da gudummawa ga yawan waƙoƙi: theararrawar kararrawa tana haɗiye babban iska kuma yana zubar da shi kwatsam.

Masana ilimin kimiyya sun gano fasali ɗaya: ingeraukin ringer an daidaita tare da tsawon lokacin siginar. Illsararrun kuɗaɗan sun fi guntu fiye da yadda aka saba, rakodin suna yin sadaukar da tsawon waƙar saboda girman. Sabili da haka sautin "rumble" na musamman ne ga mace. Suna raira waƙa a fuskar mace, suna ƙoƙarin ƙara yawan damar da za'a iya lura dasu.

Matan da suka fito daga mata wani lokacin ma sai da suka karaso 'yan mittuna daga saurayi, kuma waƙar mazan, a cewar masana kimiyya, na iya yin barazanar sauraronta.

Tambayoyi na Kula da Mallaka

- Shin ana buƙatar allurar parrots?
"Ba a karbar kararrakin daga likitocin dabbobi," in ji shi. Oleg Rosenberg, malami ne a makarantar dabbobi da ta dabbobi ta karamar kwalejin Kimiyya. - Idan tsuntsu yana zaune a cikin keji kuma yana da hulɗa tare da tsuntsayen daji, to a cikin kantin magani kuna buƙatar siyan rigakafin cutar ta Newcastle. Oneauki kashi ɗaya, ƙara tsuntsu a ruwa. Ya kamata a ba da maganin sau ɗaya a shekara. Idan aku na zaune a cikin wani gida, ba a buƙatar rigakafi.

A lokacin rani, sanya tsuntsu a kowace rana na mintina 20 a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, wannan zai taimaka hana rigakafin tasowa daga rashin bitamin D.

- Yadda ake ciyar da tsuntsayen?
- Ana ciyar da parrots tare da abinci na musamman, wanda aka sayar a cikin shagunan dabbobi. Amma ga kyawawan abubuwa, komai yana da kowa anan, kuna buƙatar gwada zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban kuma ku ga abin da dabbobinku suka fi so. Idan zamuyi magana game da ƙananan kiwo, wasu suna son tsaba, wasu kamar gero da 'ya'yan itatuwa bushe, manyan nau'ikan suna yin ado da kayan' ya'yan itatuwa.

Don parrots zaune na dogon lokaci a cikin keji, kawo rassan bishiyar itace (cherries, cherries, plums) tare da buds waɗanda ba'a sarrafa su ta hanyar sunadarai ba kuma suna kawo kodan. Parrots za su yi birgima a kan kodan da haushi kuma a niƙa su baki.

- Wani irin ruwa zan iya bayarwa?
- Al'ada Boiled.

- Kwana nawa kake bukata don sadaukar da tsuntsu?
"Aƙalla awa ɗaya a rana." Idan kuna da tsuntsaye da yawa, to kowannensu yana buƙatar sadarwa daban. Parrots tsuntsaye ne na zamantakewa. Idan ba ku ciyar da lokaci tare da su, kuma kawai tare da su, ba tare da wani ya raba hankalinku da dangi ba, dan dabbobinku na iya yin rashin lafiya.

- Shin zai yiwu a samu akuya idan cat na zaune a gida?
- Idan kun bar karamin akuya don tashi, to, zai zama manufa ga cat. Ban da haka idan suka girma tare. A wannan halin, cat zai fahimci tsintsiya ɗaya kamar ta gida. Cat ba zai yi saurin zuwa manyan parrots (jaco, amazon), saboda sun manyan kuma suna iya rauni.

- Shin ina buƙatar wanka da aku da kuma yadda zan magance su?
- Yin wanka da aku a kan tilas ba lallai bane. Sanya wankin a cikin keji, kuma lokacin da tsuntsu yake so, sai kayi wanka. Gashinsa, gashinsa suna bukatar yanke suttura. Ana iya yin wannan da kanku a gida. Sayi ƙulli, ƙanshin almara ba zaiyi aiki ba, kuma kalli orian koyaswar bidiyo akan Intanet. Ya nuna sarai a wane gefe kake buƙatar datse maƙallan.

- Yadda ake ɗaukar keji?
- Dole ne keji ya zama mai fili domin aku ya iya tashi a ciki. Wajibi ne cewa aƙalla tsuntsu na iya yin daga farmaki (wurin da zai zauna) zuwa ayarin fuka-fukai 4. A wannan yanayin, tsokoki na fuka-fukai za su yi aiki da kyau, zauren zai kasance mai gamsuwa da ku.

Manyan parrots, kamar su Jaco ko Amazons, suna buƙatar ƙarin sarari. Uringwararrakin aviary game da mita a kowace mita daga bene zuwa rufi ya dace da su.

- Shin ina buƙatar barin aku ya tashi ne kusa da gidan?
- The aku kada tashi a kusa da Apartment a koyaushe. A cikin 90% na lokuta, mutuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an sake su don tafiya. Parrots ba su kewaya ƙasa ba, suna tashi daga cikin keji, an rasa su nan da nan. Idan har yanzu kuna yanke shawara don saki, rufe windows a cikin ɗakin tare da labule. Parrots sau da yawa buga gilashi a kan hanzari. Bugu da kari, aku zai iya zama a bakin kofar, idan kuma ya rufe saboda wani daftarin, tsuntsu zai tsinkaye dabbobin sa - yi la’akari da cewa ka rasa shi. A ƙarshe, abincinka zai iya tashi zuwa cikin dafa abinci, ya shiga cikin tafasasshen kayan miya ko gishirin gishiri saboda tsananin sha'awa, kuma guba ne ga tsuntsaye.

A kasance cikin shiri don gaskiyar cewa ɗorayen akuya suna gwada komai akan gashin baki: za su zub da bangon bangon waya, abubuwan ado, wayoyi.

- Menene zai iya tsoratar da aku?
- A cikin kowane hali ya kamata ku karbe shi da paws, ba kyale shi ya matsa. Tsuntsu na iya mutuwa saboda tsoro. Don tashi daga jirgin sama yanayi ne na al'ada, yanayin ƙasa. Dole ne aku ya tabbata cewa kowane lokaci yana iya tashi daga haɗari. Idan ba a iya amfani da ita ba, to kuwa tashin hankali adrenaline yakan faru, kuma zuciya ba zata iya jurewa ba.

Idan aku ya tashi kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya zauna a kafada ko tarkace, kar a murɗa. Ba za ku iya kururuwa ba, kuɗa hannuwanku. Ana gane wannan azaman zalunci kuma yana iya firgita dabbar.

Yankunan Rikodin dabbobi. Rikodin Bird

Tsuntsayen halittu ne masu ban sha'awa, suna da banbanci da na sauran dabbobi, kuma ko da daga juna. Wasu tsuntsayen suna cinye kusan rayukansu gaba ɗaya a cikin iska, na biyu kuwa gaba ɗaya ana hana fuka-fukai da gashinsa kuma suna iya gudana a ƙasa kawai, yayin da wasu kuma suka gwammace ruwa kawai.

Babban tsuntsu

Wannan, hakika, ƙwari ne. Girma na manya manyan mutane daga dodo na Afirka ya kai mita 2.80, wanda ke awo kilogram 170.

Karamin tsuntsu

Wannan rikodin mallakar wani hummingbird ne. Smallestaramin hummingbird mai nauyin kilogram 1.5 kawai tare da tsawon jikin sa na kimanin santimita 5.

Mafi tsuntsu mai tashi

Daga cikin tsuntsayen da ke tashi, peregrine falcon ba daidai yake ba. A nesa kai tsaye, peregrine Falcon na iya hanzarta zuwa 200 km / h, kuma a cikin abin da ake kira faduwar ruwa a yayin farauta, maƙaddar da ke da ban sha'awa tana haɓaka saurin zuwa 325 km / h. Ta hanyar, peregrine falcon ba wai kawai tsuntsu ne mafi sauri ba, har ma da mafi saurin dabba a duniya.

Tsuntsu mai sauri
Wataƙila ba asirin cewa ostriches sune mafi kyawun masu gudu a tsakanin duk tsuntsayen. Sun iya yin gudu da sauri 80 km / h. Tare da wannan tseren, ƙwanƙwalin ostich na iya kaiwa zuwa mita 8 a tsayi.

Mafi girman tsuntsu mai tashi
Anan, wuri na farko a tsakani suna rabawa da babban bututun Afirka da duduk. Abin mamaki, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna nauyin kilogram 18-20.

Tsuntsu mafi dadewa

Babban babban cokali mai launin rawaya a cikin bauta yana rayuwa na kusan shekaru 80. Koyaya, an yi imani da cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, tsawon rayuwar wannan aku zai iya shekaru 100 ko fiye.

Mafificin gani
Peregrine Falcon rikodin na biyu. Wannan tsuntsun yana da kyakkyawar hangen nesa wanda zai iya gane motsi daga nesa mai nisan kilomita 8.

Babban fikafikai

Albatross mai yawo, wannan adadi shine mita 3.6. Andean Condor - mai ƙaddarar dangin falcon - 3 mita 20 santimita ya ɗan ƙarami.

Dogo mafi tsayi

Babbar hummingbird na baki yana da mafi tsayi baki dangane da girman jikin mutum. Tsawon beak na wannan karamin tsuntsu zai iya zuwa 10 cm, tare da duka tsawon 15 cm, i.e. gwanayen abincin hummingbird mai nama-ya fi sau 2 tsawo akan jiki.

Mafi girman jirgin sama

Anan a zahiri yana da matukar wahala a tantance wanene ainihin zakara a wannan siga. A cikin sanannun sanannun lokuta, wuri na farko mallakar Rippel Vulture ne, wannan tsuntsu ya tashi a nisan sama da kilomita 11.

Mafi girman tsuntsu mai cin abinci

Kuban Cuban Todi yana cin kwari sau da yawa a kowace rana, adadin nauyinsu shine kusan 60-65% na nauyin tsuntsun da kansa.

Tsuntsu mai saurin tashi ko mafi yawan adadin zafin jiki na minti daya
Blue-tailed amazilia, wani tsuntsu mai rikodin hummingbird, yana yin juyi 80 a sakan daya.

Mafi kyawun tsuntsu mai iyo

Penguins sune mafi kyawun iyo a cikin duniyar tsuntsaye. Fulawar sarki tana da ƙarfi fiye da sauran nau'ikan - tana iyo da saurin kilomita 36 / h, kuma gabaɗaya yana iya zurfin zurfin zurfin kusan mil 500.

Mafi yawan Hardy tsuntsu

Duck na iya jure yanayin zafi--00 Celsius. Wannan ya sa ba kawai mafi yawan dindindin cikin dangin zuriya ba, har ma da dabbar da ta dawwama cikin gaba daya.

Babban tsuntsu

Tsarin tsuntsaye na Indiya ya yi ihu mai ƙarfi (da kuma mummuna) har ana iya ji dashi tsawon kilomita.

Alamomin waje na babban kashu

Babban Kiskad yana daya daga cikin shahararrun azzaluman nan 'yan Brazil. Sauran sunaye ana kiransu da suna P. sulphuratus, kiskadees, da Derby flycatcher. Tsawon tsuntsu shine 21-26 cm, fuka-fuki - 13 cm, wutsiya 8.

Fuka-fukafukan suma ne masu wuya. Launin launin ruwan damisa na saman jikin shi ne ruwan zaitun-brown a launi mai launin shuɗi. Crest da underside na jiki iri daya ne da shunin launin rawaya. Gashin idanu, goshi, amai da gaban wuya ya zama fari. Frenum, ƙananan ɓangarorin cheeks baƙi ne, ragowar kambi na kan baki ne.

Fuka-fukan, fika, fika wutsun da fika-wutsiya tare da iyaka mai launin shuɗi. Birdsan tsuntsaye ana fentin wuta, da kambi baƙar fata da faffadar jan shuɗi a cikin gashin fuka-fukan da wutsiya.

Tsuntsu yana da halayyar dogon beak, a sama kusan kusan shi yake da siffar. Gefen ya kasance yana zagaye, tare da babban ƙugiya da kuma bakin ciki, mai haƙoran haƙora a ƙarshen. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, kauri.

Babban Kiskad (Pitangus sulphuratus).

Fuka-fukan suna da tsawo, kuma wutsiya tare da ƙaramar daraja. Fan yatsu dogaye ne, dogayen kamannin sifa. Hannun gashi a bayyane suke kusa da beak.

Yaduwar babban kiskad

Babban kiskad yana zaune a gabashin Arewacin Amurka. Bugu da kari, ana samun wannan nau'in a Kudancin Amurka da Central Argentina. Tana zaune a Guiana, arewacin Brazil da Trinidad.

Babban nunin pitanga n daga kudu Texas da Mexico zuwa Argentina.

Habitat na babban kiskad

Babban kiskad yana zaune tsakanin filin buɗe ido tare da cike da dazuzzuka na daji, a gefen dajin, a cikin ƙauyuka, da kuma wuraren kiwo ga dabbobi.

Tsuntsaye sun mamaye manyan abubuwan: babban kurmi, itace, babban dutse, tarko. Wannan matsayin ya zama dole don neman ganima.

A cikin tsaunin, suna guje wa tsaunukan daji kuma suna tsayawa kusa da ruwa.

Saurari muryar babban kaset ɗin

Babban kiskad yana cikin faɗa koyaushe da sauran mutane irinsa. A dabi'a, babban kiskad yana cikin fargaba game da mai haɗari mai haɗari - coral asp kuma yana ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don guje wa hulɗa da wannan macijin. Tsuntsayen suna nesa da duk abin da ya yi kama da launi da murfin wannan abincin.

Babban kiskad babban ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan jirgi ne mai tashi mai tashi.

Koda kuwa sandar katako ce da aka zana tare da ratsi a rawaya da ja. Wannan matakin ilhami shine mai fahimta: tsuntsaye suna gujewa haɗuwa da maciji mai haɗari kuma suna damuwa game da zuriyarsu. Idan babu haɗari, manyan kiskadas suna zaune a kan rassan bishiyun bishiyoyin da ke saman ruwa, fuka-fukai masu tsabta kuma ku nemi kwari.

Cutar da Abinci

Babban kiskad tsuntsu ne mai mamayewa. Sau da yawa yakan shiga cikin ruwa don kama kifi, tadpole ko rana. Bayan ya mutu sau 3 ko 4, dole ne ya bushe daskararrun jikinsa a rana. Sannan babban kiskad ya sauya don kama wasps, kwari da sauran kwari.

Koyaya, lokacin da abubuwan farauta suka zama iyakance a cikin hunturu, babban kiskad ya ci tsaba, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries.

Abincin yana haɓaka da ƙamus, mice da kajin. Babban kiskad yana farauta don wannan ganima daga wurin kallo, yana tashi don wanda aka nufa da shi, tare da karfin gwiwa, ya kama har da kwari mafi sauri, ya koma matsayinsa kuma ya cinye ganima a can.

Halin matsi na babban cascade

A lokacin kiwo, babban kiskad yana jan hankalin mata da ingantacciyar jirgin. Ya tashi a gaban abokin tarayya, yana nuna fasaharsa mai tashi. Namiji kuma yana wasa da tsinkaye, yana kururuwa koyaushe, yana gayyatar budurwarsa ta aure.

Sau da yawa kiskad yakan shiga cikin ruwa don kama kifi, tadpole ko rana.

Nesting Big Cascade

Manyan kiskadas suna gina wani gida mai zurfin fasaha. Tana da bayyanar lokacin farin ciki, babba, dunƙule na gansakuka, ganye, mai tushe da gashinsa. An yi raga da tire da kayan softer: ulu, ƙasa, gashinsa.

Yingoye babban ɗambin yawa yakan ƙunshi ƙwai 3-4 na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da baƙi da shuɗi-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, mafi yawan fili da ke ƙarshen ƙarshen m.

Babban kiskad yayin shiryawa ya zama mai dacin rai da tsoratarwa fiye da koyaushe. Kusa da mahaifinsa, shi azzalumi ne, mai kiyaye zuriyarsa. Zuriya suna ciyar da mace da namiji.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.