Elodea (Elodea) - tsire-tsire masu ruwa na cikin ruwan ɗabi'a da ja. Wannan shine mafi yawan wakilan ruwan da ke gudana a duniya. Dankin yana da shimfiɗa a ciki (a cikin tafkuna, tafkuna da kuma hadarurruka), ana kiransa prdeavik da kullun.
Elodea ne mai yawan baƙo zuwa duniyar akwatin kifaye, kyakkyawan shuka don farawa masu binciken kifaye. Tare da shuka kamar KakakinElodea wata itaciya ce mai rikitarwa, mara misalai a cikin kulawa, tana haifarwa da sauri, kuma saboda wannan ne ya sami irin wannan sunan mara jituwa kamar “annobar ruwa”.
Wurin haifuwar tsiro shine Arewacin Amurka. Tsarin Elodea: mai tushe mai tsayi, jigon, kamar igiyar, maras kyau, yayi girma cikin sauri kuma an rufe shi da ganye. Gashi mai tushe ne sosai, kuma galibi ya kai tsawon fiye da mita biyu. Ganyayyaki masu haske ne mai haske, amintacce, madaidaiciya ko layi-layi mai lanceolate, dan kadan m, har zuwa 1 cm tsayi kuma faɗin cm 0,5, kyakkyawa mai yatsa, mai kaifi, waɗanda aka shirya a cikin lokacin farin ciki mai kauri, ganye uku kowannensu. A cikin sassan kambi na kara, ganye koyaushe suna haske a launi fiye da ƙananan sassa. The mai tushe creep tare da kasan tafki da reshe dauke, ba da yawa a tsaye harbe, wanda take kaiwa zuwa ga samuwar iko thickets. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, tare da karancin haske da ƙarancin zafin jiki, ya nitse ƙasa, yana adon bunƙasa. A karkashin yanayin cikin akwatin kifaye, yayin da yake kula da yanayi mai kyau, shuka yana girma daidai gaba ɗaya cikin shekara.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan elodea a cikin akwatin kifaye shine canadian kaarun . Wannan nau'in ya fi dacewa da ruwan sanyi da kuma ɗakunan ruwa mai ɗumi a ɗan lokaci. Yana girma da kyau a zazzabi na 16-24 ° C, yana ɗaukar raguwa na tsawon zafin jiki zuwa 12 ° C. A cikin akwatin kifin na wurare masu zafi, a yanayin zafi sama da 24 ° C, shuka ba ya girma da kyau. Nessarfafa da pH ba su da mahimmanci ga elodea; yana girma cikin duka mai laushi da ruwa mai tsauri. Koyaya, lokacin canja wurin wata shuka daga wata akwatin ruwa zuwa wani, yana da buƙatar yin la’akari da yanayin da yake cikin ta kafin lokacin dasawa.
Idan aka canja wata shuka daga ruwa mai laushi sosai zuwa ruwa mai wuya, sai ta mutu da sauri, rassan ta narke a zahiri. Motsi zuwa ruwa mai sauƙi don Elodea ba shi da ciwo. Tabbas Elodea baya son tasirin gishirin ruwa a cikin irin wannan ruwan da sauri yana halaka. Sabili da haka, alal misali, a cikin maganin gishiri tare da irin wannan cutar kifi na kowa kamar ichthythyroidism mafi kyau don cire elodea.
Alodea baya buƙatar wadatar da CO2 na "mutum"; ɗaya, ba shakka, tare da isasshen adadinsa, shuka zaiyi girma da sauri. Haske Elodea yana buƙatar daidaitaccen, game da 0.5 watts / lita, amma yana iya tsayayya da shading matsakaici.
The mai tushe na Kanad Elodea ana samun sauƙin kafe a gindi kuma suna da dogon, fari asalinsu.
Hakanan yana haɓaka, zai iya iyo a cikin yardar ruwa a kyauta. A rassan da aka jefa a cikin akwatin kifaye, sababbin harbe da sauri suna haɓaka, wanda a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya zama tsirrai masu zaman kansu. The mai tushe ne tsawo, form m tangled thickets. Haske mai launin kore, tare da ƙaramin ƙarfe, sarƙoƙi na elodea ya rufe ƙasa kuma, yana haɓaka zuwa saman akwatin kifaye, ya samar da hanyar sadarwa mai tsayi a cikin ruwa, wanda ke sa ƙirar gidan ado ta duniya. A lokacin rani, elodea tana girma cikin hanzari kuma tana ɗaukar sarari da yawa, don haka daga lokaci zuwa lokaci tana buƙatar cire shi daga cikin akwatin kifaye. A cikin ruwa mai tsauri (ba tare da tacewa da kwararawar ruwa ba), an sami raguwar girma sosai, saboda a cikin ruwa mai tsafta, saboda numfashi da ƙimantawa, harsashi da keɓaɓɓun carbon dioxide kusa da shuka, wanda ke rage jinkirin girma. A wannan yanayin, motsin ruwa ya zama mai ƙarfi kawai don kada wani ƙwayoyin carbon dioxide membrane ya kewaye shuka.
A cikin akwatin kifaye tare da ruwa mai kauri Elodea ya zama kyakyawan matattara, tattara tarin ɓarna a kanta, ruwa ya zama mai haske. Godiya ga haɓakar saurin sauri, yana inganta samfuran sake zagayowar nitrogenwanda ya tara ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin, wanda kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga tsabtace shi. Ba ya jure hunturu da kyau. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, tare da rashin hasken wuta da ƙarancin zafin jiki, sai kumburin ya fadi ƙasa, yana adana haɓakar da ya girma. Lokacin da yanayi ya inganta, yana sake farawa da sauri. Yayinda yake riƙe da zafin ruwa mai gamsarwa da kuma isasshen hasken wuta, elodea tana ƙawata akwatin kifaye shekara-shekara.
Don cire wuce haddi overdeawn elodea daga akwatin kifaye kuma a yanka sosai a hankali, tunda ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai guba ne kuma, faɗuwa cikin ruwa, na iya haifar da mutuwar soyayyen kifaye waɗanda suka zauna a cikin ɓarnar. Bugu da ƙari, ruwan 'ya'yan itace Elodea yana da tasiri mai hana ruwa ci gaba a kan ci gaban tsirrai masu yawa. Sabili da haka, kafin pruning, ya kamata a cire shuka daga cikin akwatin kifaye kuma a shirya a cikin akwati daban.
Ganyen Elodea - Gidajen Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina da Uruguay. Wannan tsire-tsire na akwatin kifayen yana da madauri, mai tsayi da mai tushe mai tushe. Tushen tsarin ba shi da haɓaka. Tsarin ganyayyaki an yi birgima, daga 4 zuwa 6 manyan ganyayyaki masu saurin juyawa na kamannin laushi, koren haske mai haske ko kore mai haske a launi, har zuwa 5 cm tsayi, har zuwa faɗin 0 cm cm 6. Girma da ganyayyaki da launi na shuka ya dogara da yanayin shuka a cikin akwatin kifaye. Blooms a fararen furanni. Tsawon tsawan elodea ya kai 70 cm.
Ganyen ganye na Elodea a lokacin bazara. Furanni masu manyan farkunan fure uku. A gida a wasu yankuna, an san tsire a matsayin dioecious plant, yayin da a wasu, furanni namiji da mace na iya fitowa akan misalin irin shuka. A cikin Turai, tsire-tsire masu fure masu furanni suna girma, kuma ba a samo samfurori tare da furannin pistil.
Elodea itace mai tsiro mara tushe. Ji ya fi kyau a cikin ruwan sanyi da kuma a ɗakunan dumama mai ɗorewa. Tsarin ruwa don abubuwan da ke tattare da ganye na ganye: zafin 8-20 °, pH 6.0-8.0, zazzabi 15-26 ° C.
Haske don elodea ya kamata ya zama mai haske sosai, kawai a wannan yanayin shuka yana fitar da oxygen sosai. An zaɓi ikon masu haskakawa daban-daban dangane da tsayin dutsen shafi da wasu dalilai. Hasken hasken kai tsaye yana da amfani a gare ta. A cikin akwatin kifaye, shuka yana girma sosai cikin shekara. Shuka tayi yaduwar itace.
Sau da yawa akan siyarwa a ƙarƙashin sunan Elodea, zaku iya haɗuwa da wakilan sauran tsiran Botanical: Egeria, lagarosiphon da hydril.
Bayanin
A yanayi, elodea tana da ikon shimfiɗa tsawon sa har zuwa mita 3, yayin da kuma barin lokaci guda suka fito ta fuskoki daban-daban. Daga nan ne sunan "annoba ruwa" ya fito, tunda wannan shuka tayi girma da sauri kuma tana da ikon ɗaukar ragowar fure daga cikin tafki a irin waɗannan kudaden nan kusa. Za'a iya samun wannan tsiro a Arewacin Amurka, amma saboda mutum ana iya ganinta yanzu a ɗakunan ajiya iri-iri a duniya.
Elodea yana da bayyanar ban sha'awa. Ganyen suna fure ne mai launi, kuma a lokaci guda suna translucent, kuma suna cikin gaba daya haske. Mai tushe yana da haske ko launin toka mai haske. Suna haɗe da ganye a cikin whorls. Suna da sifofi mai nuna alama tare da gefunan jagged, kuma girman bai wuce 1 cm ba.
A cikin lokacin zafi, wannan shuka yana iya fure. Yana da dioecious, don haka furanni fure mace ko namiji. Koyaya, wannan ya shafi kawai abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta. A cikin jerin ruwayoyin, mata ne kawai. Petals suna da kyau.
Tushen tsarin wannan shuka bashi da rauni. An kafe a cikin ƙasa saboda rhizoids. Farkon masu neman ruwayen ruwa ba su lura da bambanci ba kuma har yanzu suna kiransu asalinsu.
Yawan haɓaka da bayyanar elodea kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin da za'a shigar dashi. Wajibi ne a gare ta ta samar da abubuwa masu zuwa:
Haske. Duk nau'ikan wannan shuka suna da tsananin son haske. Tabbas, ba su mutu daga ƙaramin inuwa ba, amma haɓakar haɓaka zai ragu sosai. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a gare su su samar da hasken rana aƙalla aƙalla awowi 10,
Zazzabi. Wannan inji shi ne quite m da unpretentious. Yana da ikon yin tsayayya da kewayon zazzabi na 16-24. Amma ba shakka, mafi nuna alama mafi kyau,
Nessarfin da acidity. Ba su da mahimmanci. Elodea yana iya daidaitawa ga kowane yanayi. Babban abu shine ruwan ba shi da gishiri. In ba haka ba, tana iya mutuwa da sauri
Kasar. Hakanan bashi da mahimmanci, saboda, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, elodea bashi da tushen tsarin ci gaba kuma yana cin shi ta wata hanya,
Kifi. Duk wani karamin kifi, abincin da yake abincin dabba ne, zai yi. Dangane da haka, ba shi da kyau a dasa kifin gwal da makamantansu, tunda za su iya ɗanɗani shuka. Tabbas, tare da abincin da ya dace, ba za su taɓa shi ba, amma ba duk masu binciken ruwa ne ke iya samar da kyakkyawan menu na waɗannan kifayen ba.
Bayanin Botanical
Elodea ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan algae. Idan wakilan wannan rukunin suna da ci gaba ta hanyar sel, to elodea tana da gabobin da ake iya gani - tushen, tushe, ganye, fure, waxanda suke da rarrabuwa a fili.
Ana amfani dashi koyaushe don nazarin tsarin tantanin halitta, tunda motsi na cytoplasm ya bayyana a sarari akan ɓangaren takarda a ƙasan microscope, wanda ke haɓaka ko yaudarar lokacin da zazzabi ya canza.
A waje, shuka tayi kama da itacen inabi mai zafi. Yana da tsarin farin na bakin ciki wanda yake taimakawa samun gindin zama a ƙasan tafkin. The mai tushe ne igiyar-dimbin yawa, Branching, mai rauni sosai. Tsawon lokacin harbi zai iya kaiwa mita biyu. The mai tushe creep tare da kasa da kuma samar da a tsaye harbe cewa samar da m thickets.
Afanƙan leaf suna lanceolate ko kuma a cikin girman su tare da nuna goge goge da gefuna da aka jika. Tsawon takardar ya zama santimita 1. Ganyen yana da gaskiya, suna watsa haske da kyau. Fentinsu ya zana launin shuɗi mai haske. An tattara ganyayyaki a cikin lokacin farin ciki na guda 3, a saman harba sun fi sauƙi kuma suna da ƙananan ganye masu taushi.
A lokacin rani, algae fara lokacin fure. Furannin fure sune keɓe, maimakon manyan, tare da farin petals, Bloom akan bakin ciki da wuya. Elodea tana nufin dioecious shuke-shuke, wato, yana da furanni namiji da mace. Samfuran mace suna da fure uku a ciki da waje, jan launi ko shuɗi sepals da ƙamshi mai launuka rasberi mai haske tare da gefuna masu gefe. Furen namiji yana da mahaifiya 9 da kuma ƙwaya 20.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, tsire-tsire mata ne kawai suka bazu, don haka ba a kafa tsaba a saman.
Mafi kyawun sigogi
Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa, wajibi ne don kula da waɗannan sigogi na ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye:
- Zazzabi na ruwan ya kasance tsakanin 14-22 ° C. A cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, shuka yana iya tsayawa ya girma kuma ya mutu. Tare da raguwa a zazzabi, elodea nutse zuwa ƙasa kuma “yana barci” tsawon watanni.
- Nessarfafa da acidity ba su da muhimmanci musamman. Babban abu shine cewa ba su canzawa sosai. Mafi alamun alamun gamsarwa sune: taurin kai - KH 2-12, acidity - pH 5.0-8.0.
- Bala'in ruwa. Ana yawan amfani da algae azaman matattara na halitta. Dakatarwar ya zauna kan ganyayyakin, kuma ruwan ya zama m. Barikin da aka zaunar dashi ya zamanto matsayin na halitta ne na elodea kuma yana hanzarta bunkasa shi.
Haske da kayan aiki
Elodea tana neman haske. Matsayin hasken da ake buƙata ya kamata ya kasance daga matsakaici zuwa ƙarfi. Hasken rana yana awoyi 10.
Don ƙarin haske, zaku iya amfani da fitilar mai kyalli tare da karfin 0.5 W / l, yayin da hasken ya kamata kuma ya faɗi a kan ƙananan ɓangaren tsire-tsire. In ba haka ba, da ci gaba da harbe an dakatar, ganye ganye rot da crumble.
Girma
Halin da ya fi dacewa don tabbatarwa sune tafkuna tare da gudana a hankali ruwa. Ruwa ya kamata ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin salts ma'adinai da baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ke cutar da ci gaban tushen tsarin da ganyayyaki.
Ya kamata a dasa harbe a wurare da ke da kyawawan haske zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm. Don haɓaka mai ƙarfi, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙasa mai cike da yashi kogi.
Amfani da illolin Elodea
A cikin wuraren shakatawa da ƙananan ramuka na tsaye, Elodea shine shuka mai mahimmanci.
Algae suna da waɗannan fa'idodi masu amfani:
- hidima a matsayin tsari na halitta don soya na kifayen kifi,
- yana shan ɗimbin yawa na sharar ɗabi'a, yana sauƙaƙa tsaftace akwatin akwatin,
- babban riguna ne ga mazaunan kifaye masu yawa, musamman ga kifin gwal, tetras da kifin mala'ika,
- Yana samar da abubuwa masu kashe kwayoyin cuta, sakamakon hakan yana hana ci gaban nau'ikan algae da yawa, wadanda suke da wahalar kawar da su cikin akwatin kifaye.
Duk da fa'idodin da ke bayyane, ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa Elodea tana haifar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai guba, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar soya da ƙananan kifi. A wannan batun, yayin dasawa, yakamata a cire mai tushe daga cikin akwati kuma a riƙe shi na mintuna da yawa a cikin iska. Rashin ruwa ba zai cutar da alkama da tseratar da rayuwar ƙananan kifaye waɗanda suke son ɓoye cikin ɓoyayyiyar ba. Ya kamata a lura cewa guba ba zai iya haifar da lahani ga mutane da manyan mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba.
Girma, yana da damar murƙushe ci gaban sauran tsirrai masu ruwa na ruwa. A wannan batun, a wasu ƙasashe an danganta shi da nau'in abubuwan mamayewa, wato, barazanar bambancin nazarin halittu.
Amfani
Abubuwan da ke da amfani da sauƙi da sauƙi na kulawa da tabbatarwa sun sa sananniyar mashahurin farawa tare da masu farawa da ƙwararrun masu binciken ruwa.
Saboda sabon abu na ganyayyaki da launuka masu haske, ana amfani dashi don shimfidar wurare na ruwa. Algae yana da haɓaka mai kyau, saboda haka ya kamata ka cire excessarin harbe daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Bai kamata a dasa shi cikin manyan tafkunan wucin gadi ba. Ya dace sosai don shimfidar kananan tafkunan lambun wanda sauran tsire-tsire masu ruwa ba su da tushe sosai.
Koren kore yana samar da isashshen oxygen, wanda ke wadatar da ruwa.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da kore na Elodea a matsayin taki ko ciyar don dabbobin gona.
Kiwo
A lokuta da tsire-tsire da aka kawo zuwa Turai, mata ne kawai ke halarta, saboda haka, ana yin haifuwa ne kawai ta hanyar ƙwaya.
Wannan tsari yana da sauri kuma baya buƙatar kowane ƙoƙari. Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a hoto, yakamata a rabu da harbin daga wani datti wanda yakai tsawon akalla 20-30 cm kuma an gyara shi a cikin ƙasa ko a hagu a saman ruwa.
Koda karamin reshe, bayan ya karye, ana iya karban shi azaman sabon tsiro.
Nasihun akwatin kifaye
A halin yanzu, wasu tsire-tsire na ornamental suna cunkoson fitar da elodea. Ana ci gaba da kiyaye shi a cikin hanyoyin ruwa saboda ƙimar da ya mallaka. Ba ta iya kamuwa da cuta, sabili da haka, ba ta buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Domin shuka ya zama kayan ado na ainihi na akwatin kifin gida, mutum yakamata yabi shawarar kwararrun masanan ruwa:
- don dasa shuki, yi amfani da ƙasa wadda ba ta da ƙazanta ko ƙazanta, ƙari na kwal da lemun tsami abin so ne,
- yi amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin samun haske don ci gaban aiki,
- don ba da bayyanar kyakkyawa don tushen, ya kamata ku yi amfani da fiɗa "Fluffy",
- don sarrafa ci gaban, lokaci-lokaci thinning fitar da thickets, da yankan fi,
- Matsakaicin filin saukar wuri shine yanki kusa da damfara, wanda zai watsar da carbon dioxide wanda algae ya samar.
Aikace-aikacen
A cikin rijistar wucin gadi da na halitta, ana shuka wannan tsiron ne don shimfidar ƙasa da tsarkakewa. Ganyayyaki suna sakin oxygen a cikin ruwa kuma ya zama babban ado na akwatin kifin gida. Don manyan wuraren ajiya, ba a koyaushe ba da shawarar yin amfani da elodea ba, tun da har yanzu ba shi da ikon tsaftace babban yanki, kuma zai yi matukar wuya a cire shi daga baya.
Wani amfani don wannan shuka shine amfani dashi azaman abincin dabbobi. Musamman jin daɗin lokacin farin ciki na Elodeans kamar scalar da kifin gwal. Don soya da ƙananan nau'in kifi, alal misali, guppies ko takobi, algae ya zama mafaka mai dacewa. Inda alodea ke tsiro, ana kiyaye tsabtace muhalli koyaushe, kamar yadda yake samun damar iya ɗaukar salts na baƙin ƙarfe da radionuclides.
Bugu da kari, Elodea na iya hana ci gaban wasu tsirrai na akwatin kifaye. Misali, filawa mai yalwar gemu ko gemu ba zai dakatar da ci gabansa ba idan ya cika girma da elodea sun bayyana a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Janar bayani
Wakilai na halittar halittar Elodea (Elodea) ana kiransu "annobar ruwa", kuma daidai haka. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu ruwa na cikin ruwa suna cikin gidan ruwa na ruwa. Babban fasalin su shine unpretentiousness da saurin girma. Lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga yanayin da ya dace, elodea tana haɓaka da sauri wanda zai iya kawar da tsintsiyar cikin gida na gida. Akwai lokuta lokacin da babban katako na Elodea ya rikitar da sufuri.
Yankakken farin ciki na elodea a cikin mazauninsu na asali
Elodeas suna da tsayi mai tsayi kuma mai kauri, tsawon wasu tsire-tsire a cikin yanayi na iya isa ga 2-3 mm Hakanan, tsirrai na iya samar da jerin harbe-harbe a kaikaice. Tushen Elodea ba su da talauci, suna fari da bakin ciki. Tare da irin wannan tushen, yana da damar gyara matsayin a cikin ƙasa, wanda, duk da haka, ainihin bai hana shi girma da haɓaka ba, har ma da yin iyo a cikin ruwa ruwa. A kan harbe mai launin ruwan kasa akwai 'ya'yan ganyayyaki masu ganyayyaki masu ganyayyaki 2-3. Littafin ganye yana da kusan 1 cm tsayi da fadila 5. An nuna gefen takardar, a saman falon akwai denticles.
Yanayin tsarewa
Domin al'ada ta sami kwanciyar hankali, yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar yanayin rayuwa da ta dace dashi. Masu binciken Aquarists suna bada shawara a saurari waɗannan shawarwari masu zuwa:
- samar da ruwan zafi na + 14- + 23 digiri, idan ruwan yayi zafi, yawan ci gaban zaiyi kasawa, kuma idan yayi girma a cikin ruwan sanyi, alodea zata fara shirin yin hunturu,
- Wannan inji ba mai tsami ba game da wahalar ruwa, amma akwai guda ɗaya: ba ta son canji mai ƙarfi a cikin taurin da ya gabata. Haka kuma, ciyayi zai iya jingina daga matsuguni zuwa ruwa mai tsauri zuwa ruwa mai laushi, amma akasin haka zai ji mummunan rauni.
- Shuka Elodeas dangane da batun kula da kifin tare da kayan gishiri. Wannan inji ba ta son gishiri a ruwa.
- Kula da tsaftataccen ruwa. Bala'i na iya tsoma baki tare da shigar azkar rana a ganyen Elodea, kuma karancin haske na iya haifar da mutuwar wannan al'adar. Ya kamata hasken rana ya zama awa 10-12.
- Kada ku dasa annobar ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye mai sauri, in ba haka ba zai fara girma a kusurwa ɗaya kawai, game da hakan ya keta jituwa mai dacewa a cikin bayyanar akwatin kifaye.
Binciki nasihun kulawar mu game da wannan shuka na akwatin kifaye.
- Bi dokokin dasa. Yi ƙasa da ƙarshen ƙarshen harbi a ƙasan a cikin ƙasa kuma latsa shi da duwatsu. Tushen filamentous Tushen za su bayyana da sauri kuma za'a tsaftace su a ƙasa. Don dasa shuki, bayar da fifiko ga kasar da ke dauke da dumbin lemun tsami - wannan kayan zai ba da izinin shuka ya kasance mai kauri sosai.
- Ahankali fitar da elodea a lokacin rani. Gaskiyar ita ce a wannan lokacin yana girma da sauri kuma yana sauri tare da kansa dukkanin sararin samin kifin. Saboda yalwar ciyayi, mazaunan akwatin kifaye na iya jin rashin nutsuwa, saboda haka an bada shawarar yin bakin shuka, cire ƙananan wuraren ciyayi.
- Lokacin da kake buƙatar jujjuya Elodea daga ruwa mai laushi zuwa ruwa mai wuya, haɓaka hasken sa'o'insa zuwa awowi 16. Wannan ya zama dole ga shuka don amfani da sauri ga sababbin yanayi kuma don dawo da ƙarar taro mai kore wanda aka rasa yayin daidaitawa.
- A cikin hunturu, koyaushe amfani da hasken wutan lantarki, kamar yadda haske na ɗabi'a a wannan lokacin bai isa ba. Wannan na iya haifar da tsinkayuwa da cututtuka na shuka.
- Sauya 1/5 na ruwa a mako, saboda akwatin kifayen yana da tsabta koyaushe kuma shuka yana jin daɗi.
- Ba kwa buƙatar takin elodea. A matsayin babban riguna, yana amfani da samfuran sharar gida da aka sake amfani dasu daga mazaunan akwatin kifaye.
- Kasancewa mai cikakken inganci, Elodea yana tara ƙwayar datti a cikin ganyayyaki da mai tushe, don haka yana buƙatar a wanke lokaci-lokaci a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu.
Cutar
Elodea tana da matukar karfi rigakafi, don haka ta kusan ba ta fama da cututtuka daban-daban. Matsalar kiwon lafiya na iya faruwa ne kawai idan babu hasken wuta kuma idan ba'a lura da yanayin ruwan ba. A wannan yanayin, an rufe ganyen da launin shuɗi, sannan sai a faɗo. Idan yanayin ya zama kamar bashi da kyau, Elodea zata lalace.
Duk da juriya ga cutar, elodea da kanta na iya haifar da kamun kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wannan na faruwa ne idan ka ɗauki shuka don dasawa daga tafarkin ƙasa. A cikin ganyayyaki da mai tushe, za a iya ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar duk duniya akwatin kifaye.
Don guje wa irin waɗannan halayen, sayan shuka a cikin shagunan dabbobi da aka dogara ko daga amintattun aquarists.
Don ƙarin bayani game da akwatin kifaye, duba bidiyo na gaba.
LITTAFINSA
Elodea ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a matsayin bishiyar akwatin kifaye. Yana da ikon yin girma ba tare da ƙasa ba, wanda ya dace lokacin shirya akwatin kifin na ɗan lokaci, yayin haihuwa, da sauran lamuran makamancin haka. Dankin ya fito ne daga Kanada da Amurka. A cikin Turai, tsaf ɗin ba tsammani yana cikin ƙarni na 19. A nan ne ya shimfiɗa ta da sauri, yana cike da jikin jikkuna da yawa. Don haka, mutane suka kira annobar ruwanta. A wasu ,asashe, ana ɗaukarta mai rabuwa ne. Sau da yawa ana iya samun shi a cikin yankin na Rasha, da kuma a cikin yankin Moscow. Akwai hujjoji lokacin da busasshen ciyawar wannan shuka bai bada izinin kamun kifi da kuma jigilar kayayyaki ba.
A lokaci guda, ana amfani da Elodea a matsayin taki mai amfani kuma a matsayin abinci don aladu da ducks, saboda haɓakar saurinsa. A gaban haske mai haske, ya juya ya zama babban taro na kore. Hakanan Elodea ta tara adon ƙarfe, har ma da radionuclides, wanda ya sa ya dace da binciken muhalli. A cikin makarantar da shirin ɗalibi akwai ɓangaren sashin nazarin ƙwayar shuka, motsi na cytoplasm da chloroplasts. Elodea Leaf abu ne na wannan binciken. Shuka ba ta da sauri zuwa tsarin ruwa, zai iya girma cikin ruwa mai taushi da wuya. Matsalar tana iya faruwa ne kawai lokacin da aka canza ta daga wannan ruwa zuwa wani, amma hakan yana faruwa sau da yawa.
Adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan elodea son ruwa mai sanyi tare da zazzabi a cikin kewayon 16-24 ° C. Idan zazzabi ya fi girma, to shuka ya yi muni. Idan akwatin kifayen na wurare masu zafi ne, to 28-30 ° C ba zai yi aiki ba. Dankin yayi kama da abu, mai tsayi, harbe. Partananan barbashi na tsere na iya sauƙi tsalle ruwa a kan hanya - ta wannan hanyar inji ya bazu. Ana samar da tushen sawayenka, tare da taimakon wanda ya samo tushe kuma an gyara shi a cikin ƙasa. Sake bugun yana faruwa saboda gutsutsuren harbe wanda ya kai tsawon nisan mita kuma zai iya ja. Inananann kananan ganye na haske koren launi mai sauƙi kuma m, located a cikin harbe whorled.
Dankin ya ƙunshi mace da namiji. Zai iya barin furanni kawai a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Suna da kafa mai tsayi, da kuma fure a saman ruwa. Furannin furanni suna da fure uku na ciki da na waje uku, kazalika da ƙarancin rasse uku masu haske. Suna da sepals uku na launin kore da launin shuɗi. Furanni maza sun ƙunshi anhs tara. Fitsari ya riƙe kamar ovules ashirin.
A Rasha da Turai, kusan babu maza. A cikin aquariums na gida, Elodea yana yada kawai ta hanyar yanke. Don ya girma da sauri, ƙwayar dole ne ya sami tsawon aƙalla 20-25 cm Lokacin da akwai kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ba kwa buƙatar ƙarin kayan miya don elodea - yana amfani da samfuran da aka saki sakamakon mahimmancin ayyukan dabbobi. A gaban haske mai haske, nan take ya cika ruwa da iskar oxygen. Yana hana algae girma a cikin akwatin kifaye, saboda yana ɗaukar adadin adadin kwayoyin halitta da suke cikin ruwa kuma suna fitar da abubuwa masu lahani a ciki. Sun ce ruwan 'ya'yan itacen da ke cikin wannan tsiro mai guba ne, kuma idan tushe ya karye, zai shiga cikin ruwa ya lalata soya. Amma irin wannan yanayi bai faru ba tukuna.
Elodea yana ɗaukar sassan jikin ɓarna da ke cikin akwatin kifaye, musamman idan akwai kifin kifi. Amma bai kamata a yi amfani dashi azaman matattara ba - idan shuka ta zama datti, to kuwa ya ci gaba da muni, kuma kamanninsa ba shi da damuwa. Don wannan shuka don yayi girma duk shekara a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin nuna alama, musamman a cikin hunturu. In ba haka ba, shuka zai bushe kuma ya mutu ƙarshe. Ko da Elodea yana da wuya a jure, abin da ake kira salting na ruwa, ana amfani da shi don warkar da kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Tsarin iri
A cikin jerin ruwayoyin, ana shuka iri 4 na annoba na ruwa.
- Leafy Elodea shine mafi yawan nau'in Elodea, wanda za'a iya siyarwa a kusan kowane kantin sayar da dabbobi. A inji shi ne quite m, samar da musamman m thickets. Kusa da tushe, launin mai tushe mai launin kore ne mai launin shuɗi.
- Koya mai launin kafaɗa shima iri ne na yau da kullun. Tana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi ba ya haifar da tasirin haske a cikin dukkan ruwarorin ruwa. Mafi yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙananan ruwayen ruwa wanda ciyayi mai yawa zai tsoma baki tare da motsawa na al'ada na kifi. A microclimate a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da taimakon wannan nau'in shuka yana inganta dan kadan, amma ana samun sakamako mai kyau sosai.
- Elodea Densa - ya fi kyau shuka wannan nau'in a cikin bunches na rassan 10-15. Dankin yana da kyawawan launuka masu duhu na duhu kuma yana bayar da kyawawan ƙusoshin katako mai kyau wanda kifi zai iya ɓoyewa cikin sauƙi. Ganyen wannan nau'in sun fi na allura, amma babu kankanta sosai fiye da na bakin ƙwarya. Mutane da yawa aquarists sunyi la'akari da shuka mafi kyawun zaɓi.
- Kanad na Elodea wata shuka ce da za ta iya girma tare da daidaitawa ta duka a cikin akwatin ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa da kuma cikin dumin ruwa.
Yadda za a shuka?
Ganin cewa elode bashi da tushe, kamar wannan, suna dasa shi ta hanyoyin da ba na yau da kullun ba. Misali, zaku iya jefa kara a cikin ruwa ku jira yadda nishiyoyin zasu girma daga gare shi bayan wani lokaci. Madadin, nan da nan za ku iya dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa kuma kuyi barci da kyau. Sannan bayan wani lokaci shi kanshi zai fara manne da duwatsun. Girma na Rhizoid kai tsaye ya dogara da matakin ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Labari
Asalin tarihin mulkin Elodea yana gudana a hankali da kuma ramuwar ajiya na Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. Amma, da gangan aka gabatar da shi zuwa ƙasashen Turai, Elodea ya zama nau'in ɓacin rai. Saboda rashin daidaituwarsa, wannan tsirran ya sami damar rayuwa a kusan kowace jikin ruwa a duniya.
Elodea ya bayyana a Rasha a cikin 1882. An yi amfani dashi don yin ado da Lambunan Botanical a St. Petersburg. Processesananan matakai da suka fada cikin kogi mafi kusa ba da daɗewa ba sun juya zuwa tsibiran ruwa masu iyo. Ba ko da hadan shekaru da suka wuce kafin Elodea ta isa Baikal. A zamaninmu, ana iya samun sa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da yawa na Rasha da Ukraine.
Tare da abun ciki na elodea a cikin akwatin kifaye, ba za'a sami matsaloli ba har ma da masu farawa.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki don haɓaka yawancin nau'in shine 17-24 ° C. M ruwa mai yawan zafin jiki na rage girman girman tsirar. Sigogi kamar taurin kai da acidity kusan basa taka rawa a cikin abubuwan elodea. Babban abu shine cewa ba'a lura da canje-canje mai kaifi ba, sakamakon abin da kullun na iya rasa ganye.
Babban mahimmanci don haɓaka ɗan elodea shine matakin walƙiya. Ya kamata ya zama mai haske sosai kuma iri ɗaya a duk sasannin akwatin akwatin. Tare da rashin walƙiya, ganyayyakin elodea sun fara ruɓewa suna faɗuwa.
Isasshen filtration yana da kyawawa a cikin akwatin kifin tare da elodea, tun da ƙananan ganyen shuka ya riƙe riƙe barbashi na tururuwa, kuma ba tare da tace shuka da sauri ya zama ba a gabatar dashi.
Elodea na iya yin ba tare da ƙarin takin ba idan akwai isasshen adadin kwayoyin halitta a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Propagated da Elodea vegetatively - cuttings daga tushe. Yana da kyawawa cewa kututturen ya zama aƙalla cm cm 20. A lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa, elodea yana fitar da bakin ciki, fararen tushen da ke gyara matsayinsa. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, yana yiwuwa a lura da fure na elodea. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa Elodea tsire-tsire ne mai dioecious, wato, furanni namiji da mace suna kan tsire-tsire daban-daban. Amma mata kawai sun bazu a cikin Turai, don haka pollination da iri ba sa faruwa.
Wataƙila kiyayewa a tafkuna na ado. Yada ko'ina cikin gindin, tsirrai zasu kirkira wasu dunbin fure mai kyau.
Iri daban-daban
A yau, nau'ikan 6 na wannan shuka ana keɓancewa gabaɗaya, duk da cewa ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya kan aiwatar da bincike sun ragu sosai. A bayanin wannan shuka ne mai gudana. Misali: masanin ilmin halitta St. John ya raba abubuwan da ke cikin halittu zuwa nau'ikan guda 17, kuma masaniyar Amurkawan 'yan uwan Correll (D. & E. Corell) sunce akwai iri 4 ne kawai. A wannan labarin, za a sanar da rarrabuwa gabaɗaya, wanda ya haɗa da rukuni 6:
- Bifoliata. Wani bangare na musamman shine fitar da ganye,
- Canadensis. Ko "Kanad Elodea,"
- Nuttallii (Elodea Nuttal). Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan furanni da yawa shine furanni har zuwa 8 mm. An bayar da sunan don girmamawa ga mai binciken - masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafin Turanci T. Nattal,
- Granatensis. Masu suna a wurin da aka gano - New Granada - yanzu Columbia,
- Potamogeton (daga Greek "kogin" da "makwabta"). Shuka Rdest (dangin RESTEST),
- Callitrichoides Wannan nau'in yana halin da ke da elongated, foliage lebur.
Tsarin, yafi dacewa ga mai sauƙin binciken ruwa, mai ƙwarewa sosai a fannin botany, shine kamar haka:
An kawo kafaɗun Elodea, Thick Elodea, Leafy Elodea (Egeria densa - “egeria densa” - lat.)
Yanzu sananne a ƙarƙashin sunan hukuma Egeria yana da yawa.
A yanki, toothed elodea mazaunin Kudancin Amurka ne, saboda haka babban fasalin shi ne ikon yin haƙuri da yanayin zafin yanayi. Duk da wannan, kamar duk yanayin halittar Egeria, canje-canje mai kauri a zazzabi, kazalika da canji a cikin sinadaran ruwa, an sabbaba wannan, daga wannan Elodea na iya mutuwa.
A waje, cutar toothed mai yiwuwa itace mafi kyawun memba na halittar:
- Tsarin ganye: ganye mai tsiro. Ganyayyaki suna jingina, kadan juya, dan nuna iyakar,
- Tsawon Leaf: har zuwa 6 mm,
- Tsarin Shuka: har zuwa 70 cm,
- Yawan ganye a cikin mugu: daga 8 zuwa 10,
- Launi: kore mai haske.
Tare da kulawa da hankali, inji na akwatin kifaye yana iya fure.
Curly lagorosiphon (lagorosiphon manyan - lat.), In ba haka ba curly Elodea.
Gasar wurin wannan tallafin ita ce Afirka ta Kudu, galibi jikin ruwa ne tare da jinkirin ko ba ya nan. Curly Elodea ya zama sananne a cikin akwatin kifaye don kyakkyawan ƙirar filtration.
- Fuskar Leaf: mai daɗaɗa, matattarar baki, sanye take da haƙoran haƙoran tare da dukkan faɗin takardar,
- Tsarin Shuka: har zuwa 50 cm,
- Yawan ganye a cikin mugu: daga 8 zuwa 10,
- Launi: kore mai duhu.
Nagari ma'aunin ruwa na akwatin kifaye:
- Naiad: t - 15-25 Co, dH - 7-15, pH - 6-9,
- Curly Lagorosiphon: t - 18-23 Co, dH –– 2-11, pH -6.5-7,
- Egeria yana da yawan ganye: t - 15-26 Co, dH - 8-21, pH - 6-8,
- Egeria na Kanada: t - 16-23 Co, dH - ba mahimmanci, pH - ba mahimmanci ba.
- Ana gudanar da kulawa ta algae ta hanyar sauyawa yau da kullun ruwa tare da 30% na yawan akwatin kifaye,
- Babban halayen don kiyaye elodea a cikin akwatin kifaye suna da kyau haske da ruwa mai tsafta. Game da rashin isasshen haske, an bada shawarar amfani da fitilun mai kyalli,
- Sahu na yau da kullun kuma zai tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na aikin algae. Babban abu shine kada a manta cewa ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ke tattare da sarewar egeria yana da muni ga mazaunan akwatin kifaye, don haka suna buƙatar cire su daga can har ɗan lokaci.
Kiwo
Sake bugun dukiyar an yanke ta ne da zagi. Don dasawa cikin nasara, ya isa ya karya sarƙar daga mahaifiyar shuka ya sanya shi cikin sabon akwatin kifaye. Babu buƙatar kulawa da shuka a wannan lokacin. Egeria tana haɓaka tare da sauƙi, yin iyo kawai a cikin ruwa, amma har yanzu zai kasance mafi gamsuwa ga shi yayi girma a cikin ƙasa. Don zaɓar yadda ake shuka shuka, kuna buƙatar kimanta ƙarar akwatin akwatin kodan kuma ku bi jerin ƙa'idodi:
- Haramun ne a watsa sabon shank a cikin wani akwatin kifayen mazaunin rayuwa, tunda a farkon ruwan da ke kan katako mai cutarwa yana da illa ga kifi,
- Don dasawa da ya fi dacewa, yana da muhimmanci a kula da nau'ikan shuka, tunda alamu zazzabi da aka ba da shawarar haihuwar na iya bambanta,
- Yana da kyau a layi layi na akwatin kifaye tare da babban yashin kogin, don haka inji ya saba da sauƙin zuwa sababbin yanayi,
- Matsayin sakewa shine mafi kyawu don tantance bangon baya na akwatin kifaye.
Koren kore da aka sanya shi a cikin akwatin kifayen mazaunin zai zama ba kawai sifa mai amfani na tsabtatawa ba, har ma da kyakkyawan ƙari ga kayan ado!