Wani otter yana ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan dabbobi masu cin naman dabbobi, wanda aka haɗa cikin dangin Marten. Girman dabbobi masu shayarwa sun dogara da jinsin kai tsaye. A matsakaici, suna da girma daga 50 cm zuwa 95 cm, tsawon wutsiyarsa mai laushi ya kasance daga cm 22 zuwa 55 cm.Wannan dabbar tana da sassauƙa kuma tana da tsoka. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa dabbar da ke da girman mita kusan nauyin kilo 10 kawai.
Otters na kowane nau'in suna da launi ɗaya - launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. Jawo gashinsu gajere ne, amma yayi kauri, wanda hakan yasa yake da matukar mahimmanci. A cikin bazara da bazara, otter yana da molt zamani. Otters na ɗaya daga cikin masu kulawa da kulawa da ajnansu, magance shi da tsaftace shi. Idan ba su aikata wannan ba, suturar za ta zama datti kuma ta daina ci gaba da zafi, kuma wannan tabbas zai kai ga mutuwa. Saboda ƙananan idanu, otter yana gani daidai a kan ƙasa da ƙarƙashin ruwa. Suna kuma da ɗan gajeren paws da kusoshi mai kaifi. Yatsun suna da alaƙa da membranes, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a iyo sosai. Lokacin da mai amfani da ruwa ya shiga cikin ruwa, bawul din yakan toshe bakunan kunnensa da hancinsa ta wannan hanyar, yana toshe abubuwan shigar ruwa a ciki. A cikin neman ganima a karkashin ruwa, wani mahaifa zai iya iyo har zuwa 300 m.
Lokacin da dabbobi masu shayarwa suke jin haɗari, yakan yi sauti mai daɗi. Yayin wasan, suna kururuwa ko hira da juna. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa a wasu sassan duniya ana amfani da otter a matsayin dabbar farauta. Suna iya fitar da kifi a cikin raga. The otter yana da abokan gaba da yawa. Dangane da mazauninsu, waɗannan na iya zama tsuntsayen da ke cinye, karnuka, bears, karnuka da baƙi, kyarkeci da kuma jaguars. Amma mutum ya kasance babban makiyinsa, bawai kawai yana cin mata ne ba, amma yana lalata da lalata yanayin rayuwarta.
Habitat da yanayin rayuwa
Ana iya samun otter a kowane yanki, ban da Australiya. Saboda dalilin da ya sa mazauninsu yana da alaƙa da ruwa, suna zaune kusa da tabkuna, koguna da sauran jikin ruwa, kuma dole ne ruwan ya kasance mai tsabta kuma yana da ƙaƙƙarfar halin yanzu. A lokacin hunturu (sanyi), ana iya ganin otter a waɗancan sassan kogin da basuyi sanyi ba. Da dare, dabbar tana farauta, kuma da rana sai ya zaɓi ya huta. Yana yin wannan a cikin tushen bishiyoyi waɗanda suke girma kusa da ruwa ko a cikin burƙarsu. Builtofar rami koyaushe ana gina ta ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ga mai fa'idar, bea yana da fa'ida, yana zaune a cikin ramuka da ya haƙa, tunda ba shi da nasa. Idan otter ɗin baya cikin haɗari, suna aiki lokacin rana.
Idan otter ya zama ba shi da hadari a wurin da ya saba, zai iya shawo kan hanyar 20 kilomita cikin sauƙi don neman sabon gida (ba tare da la'akari da lokaci na shekara ba). Hanyoyin da ta bi sau ɗaya ke amfani da ita. Yana da ban sha'awa don lura da dabba a cikin hunturu, yana motsawa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin tsalle-tsalle, yana jujjuya tare da zamiya akan ciki. Dangane da nau'in halittar, otters suna amsawa daban don kamuwa da su. Wasu suna karaya, sun daina kula kansu, kuma wataƙila za su mutu. Na biyun, akasin haka, suna da abokantaka, da sauri suna dacewa da sabon yanayin, mai wasa sosai.
kogin otter
Iri Otters
A cikin duka akwai nau'ikan 17 na otters da ƙananan yankuna 5. Mafi mashahuri daga gare su:
- Otter kogi (na kowa).
- Otter teku (otter teku).
- Kokari na otter.
- Otter na kasar Brazil (giant).
Otter teku dabbobi ne masu shayarwa na ruwa, wani irin abu mai ban tsoro na otter, don haka ana kiranta tekun tirin. An rarrabe shi ta manyan girma, wanda ya kai har zuwa cm 150 kuma nauyinsa ya kai 45 kg. Suna da furfura mai tsananin kyau, wanda hakan yasa ya yuwu a daskare cikin ruwa. A farkon karni na 20, yawan masu otters (otters teku) sun ragu sosai saboda yawan buƙatar fur.
teku otter
A wannan matakin, lambobin su sun ƙaru sosai, amma ba za a iya farauta su ba. Yana da matukar ban sha'awa idan a duba su, saboda bakin teku masu ninka “aljihun” su, wanda suke da goshinsu na hagu. Kuma don tsallake ƙwanƙwasa, suna amfani da duwatsu. Tsammar rayuwarsu shine shekaru 9-11, kuma zasu iya rayuwa cikin bauta fiye da shekaru 20.
katuwar otter
Babban gizon otter na iya kaiwa zuwa mita 2, cm 70 daga cikin su na wutsiya. Nauyinta ya kai kilo 26. A lokaci guda, tirin teku mai nauyinsa yafi, yana da ƙarancin girma. Mabiyan ƙasar ta Brazil suna zaune a cikin iyalai sama da 20, babban cikin iyali shine mace.
katuwar otter
Ayyukansu suna faruwa da rana, Da dare sukan huta. Rayuwar su ta kai har zuwa shekaru 10. Caucasian otter an jera su a cikin Littafin Rubutu. Raguwar yawan al'umma ya zama sanadiyyar gurbatar da ruwan jikin mutane, raguwar adadin kifayen da kuma kiwo.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin otter galibi ya haɗa da kifi, amma kuma suna iya cin mollusks, ƙwai tsuntsu, crustaceans, har ma da wasu ƙwayoyin ƙasa. Hakanan ba aboki na otter da muskrat ba, wanda zai iya samun saurin zuwa dabba mai cin abincin riga don abincin rana.
Otters suna kashe yawancin ɓangarorin rayuwarsu don neman abinci, suna da tsufa da sauri. Saboda sanyinsu da mazaunin su ya zama kifi. Wannan dabba kyakkyawar mafarauta ce, don haka bayan cin abinci, farauta bai ƙare ba, kifayen da aka kama suna kama da wani abin wasan yara. Otters suna kawo fa'idodi mai yawa ga kamun kifi, yayin da suke ciyar da kifin da ba na kasuwanci ba, wanda hakan ke cin caviar da soya. Yayin rana, mai tallar yana cin kusan kilo 1 na kifi, yayin da ƙarami ke cikin ruwa, babba kuma ana jan shi ƙasa. Tana samar da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ruwa ta wannan hanyar, ya sanya mata ciki da ci.
Bayan abincin, sai a hankali yake jujjuya ruwan, yana tsabtace jikin tarkace abinci. Dabba ne mai tsabta. Dabba bata amsa ga ƙarar da mafarautan suka bari, saboda haka yana da matukar wahalar jan hankalin dabbar ta wannan hanyar, sai dai in dole tana jin tsananin yunwa.
Sake buguwa da Otter Life Spaniya
Balagagge a cikin otter na mace yana farawa a cikin shekaru biyu, a cikin namiji a cikin uku. Dabbobi ne kaɗaici. Ana aiwatar da canjin ruwa a ruwa. The otter breeds sau ɗaya a shekara, wannan lokacin da dama a cikin bazara. Mace tana da lokacin haihuwar mace mai ban sha'awa; bayan hadi, zai iya tsayawa cikin ci gaba sannan zai fara kuma. A saboda wannan dalili, mace na iya samar da zuriya duka biyu a farkon hunturu da kuma a tsakiyar bazara (lokacin haila na iya wuce zuwa kwanaki 270). Lokacin haila yakai kwanaki sittin zuwa 85.
'Ya'yan daga 2 zuwa 4 ne. An haife su da makafi kuma a cikin Jawo, wahayi ya bayyana bayan wata ɗaya na rayuwa. A wata na biyu na rayuwa, hakora suna fitowa a cikin jariran, kuma sun koyi yin iyo, a wata 6 sai suka sami 'yanci. Bayan kusan shekara guda, yaran sun bar mahaifiyarsu.
Matsakaicin rayuwa na otter akan matsakaita yana kimanin shekaru 15-16. Matsayin wa annan dabbobin masu ban mamaki suna ba da mahimmanci. Dalilin ba wai kawai gurɓatattun jikin ruwa ba ne, har ma da harbi. Haramcin farauta ne ta doka. A wasu ƙasashe, an jera wannan dabbar dabbar a cikin Littafin Ruwan Ruwa.
Babban darajar mafarauta shine danshin fure - abu ne mai inganci mai ɗorewa. Beavers, otters, da muskrats sune asalin tushen fur, wanda suke ƙaunar amfani dashi don dinka samfuran iri daban-daban.
Menene otter yayi kama?
Mai otter yayi kyau da ban dariya. Tana da kaɗaicin lebur, kunnuwa masu zagaye, ƙaramin idanu, wani mummunan rauni, gajerun kafafu da dogon wutsiya. Tsawon jikin otter ya tashi daga 55 cm zuwa mita 1, tsawon wutsiya ya tashi daga 25 zuwa 50 cm, nauyin kuma zai iya kaiwa daga kilogiram 6 zuwa 10. Strongaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan jiki, na otter yana kwarara kuma yana da kyakkyawan sassauƙa, ƙafafunsa suna sanye da membranes iyo na ruwa.
The otter duba quite inconspicuous saboda ta m launin ruwan kasa launi. Koyaya, bangarorin da ƙananan ɓangaren jikin dabbar suna da sauƙi, ciki kuma sau da yawa ciki yana da ƙamus na azurfar. Jawo dusar ƙyallen kwalliyarta, saboda dabbar tana kulawa da kyakkyawan gashin gashin gashinta. Babban mayafin mayafinta yana daɗaɗaɗa, amma farin ciki yana da laushi kuma mai tsantsa. Yana da godiya ga mafi yawan farin ciki da ke tattare da cewa ulu na otter ba shi da kyau ga ruwa kuma yana kare lafiyar jiki daga hauhawar jini.
Bayanin otter ya ce ita kyakkyawar mai iyo ce kuma da wuya ku iya jayayya da wannan. Saboda tsarin musamman na jiki, otter kogin yana da nasara sosai akan wannan al'amari. A cikin membranes a kan paws da dogon wutsiya ba ka damar hanzarta hanzarta da sauri magance ƙarƙashin ruwa, bawul na musamman a cikin kunnuwa da hanci yana toshe abubuwan shigar ruwa yayin ruwa, kuma ulu baya samun danshi a ruwa kuma yana kiyaye otter daga sanyi.
Itaciya dabba ce mai hazaka mai wasa da wasa, tana cikin juyawa koyaushe. Siffar otter ya ba da hankali ga wannan dabbar musamman mai lura sosai da hankali. Koyaya, wannan bai hana ta samun nishaɗi ba, otter yana ƙaunar hawa daga kankara kankara a cikin hunturu. Ba da nisa da gidanta za ku iya samun ƙananan tuddai na ruwa, tare da alama wacce ta rage daga zamewa a ciki.
Ina otter din yake zaune kuma yaya yake rayuwa?
Otungiyar ta na zaune a wani yanki mai fa'ida, wanda ya mamaye kusan dukkanin Turai da Asiya (ban da Switzerland, Netherlands da Larabawa Larabawa), kuma tana zaune a arewacin Afirka. A cikin Rasha, otter yana zaune har ma a cikin Arewa ta Arewa. Otter na kowa shine mafi yawan jinsunan. A cikin duka akwai nau'ikan 5 da kuma nau'ikan 17, waɗanda daga cikin shahararrun, ban da kogin, su ne Brazil (giant) otter da otter teku (otter teku).
Mai gidan yana zaune shi kaɗai kuma yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa, tana iyo da ruwa daidai. Lokacin farauta don ganima, otter kogin zai iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa na kusan minti 2 kuma yana iyo har zuwa mita 300. Tana da kyakkyawan warin wari, hangen nesa da ji. Tushen yana zaune galibi a cikin koguna na daji, kuma yana zaune a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna, kuma ana samun shi sau da yawa har ma a bakin teku. Babban yanayin shine yawan adadin kifaye.
Kwaron kogin yana zaune a cikin ramuka, yana zaɓar ramuwar-wuya ga bakin tekun. Entranceofar mafaka tana ƙarƙashin ruwa, saboda haka otter yana guje wa daskarewa ruwa gaba ɗaya. Digs nasa burrows musamman wuya, mamaye yawanci watsi da sauran dabbobin, kamar beavers. Wani lokacin maɗaukaki yakan yi amfani da kogo ko ɓoyayyen wuri kusa da ruwa don gina kogon. Wannan dabba tana barin yankin da aka ci gaba ko dai idan akwai haɗari, ko saboda rashin abinci. Hakanan, otter koyaushe yana da mafaka da yawa na gaggawa inda zai iya ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba.
Karfin kogin, saboda yanayin rayuwar sirrin, yana kama da dabba mai nutsuwa, amma ba haka bane. Otters suna fitar da sauti iri daban-daban, suna ta kuwwa, yi fito, suna murɗe da jijiya. Mai zaune yana rayuwa, yana nuna aiki da yawa a maraice da awanni na dare, amma kuma a cikin rana yakan iya samun sau da yawa. A lokacin rani, kullun otter yakan bar mafaka zuwa kwari a rana.
Dabbobin dabbobi suna da filayen farauta sosai. A lokacin bazara, otter ɗaya na iya zama wani ɓangaren kogin daga 2 zuwa 18 kilomita da kusan mita 100 na yankin bakin teku. Otter kogin ya fi son yin tafiya tare da hanyoyi iri ɗaya. A cikin hunturu, saboda daskarewa da glaciation na jikin ruwa, an rage ƙasa sosai, kamar yadda ake samar da abinci, wanda hakan yake sa otter yawo.
Abun dabba na iya wucewa ta kankara da dusar ƙanƙara har zuwa kilomita 15-20 a rana. Motsa kan kankara, sau da yawa tana zamewa a ciki, kuma tana motsawa cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin iska. A dabi'a, wannan dabba tana da abokan gaba da yawa: bears, Wolves, foxes, crocodiles, manyan tsuntsaye masu farauta, wasu nau'ikan kuliyoyi da sauransu.
Otter kogin shine ke da kyawawan dusar ƙanƙara, wanda kuma yake da dorewa sosai. A cikin kasuwancin Jawo, an kiyasta yawan 100 na fur fur na 100%. Yawancin lokaci, kawai farin ciki da gajerun suttura suna raguwa yayin aiki da ulu, kuma an datse gashin gashi mai sutturar gashi, wanda yake haifar da ƙyalli mai ƙyalƙyali. Sakamakon inganci da godiya na fur, mayya yawanci sukan sha wahala daga hannun mafarauta, wanda ke haifar da raguwar lambobin su.
Amfani da sinadarai iri-iri a cikin aikin gona da gurbata yanayin rayuwa na otters ya shafi lambobin waɗannan dabbobi. A cikin 2000, an san daɗaɗɗun ƙwayar otter a matsayin jinsin masu haɗari kuma an saka Lissafi na Consungiyar Kula da Duniya. Bugu da kari, an saka otter a cikin Littafin Red na Sverdlovsk, Saratov da Rostov yankuna, Jamhuriyar Tatarstan da Bashkortostan.
Me mai maganin yake ci?
Galibi otter yana cin abincin da yake samu a ruwa. Otter yana ciyar da kifi sosai, yawanci shine pike, roach, kifi, kifin masarufi, goby da sauransu. Lokacin farauta ƙananan kifi, yana cin abinci daidai a cikin ruwa, amma ana iya jawo manyan kifaye zuwa ƙasa. Sau da yawa dabbar tana wasa da kifin da aka kama, sannan ta ci shi.
Baya ga kifi, otter kogin yana cin mollusks da larvae daban-daban waɗanda ake samu a jikin ruwa. Hakanan, mai gidan yana cin voles na ruwa da wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyi, ci frogs, lizards da qwai tsuntsaye. Bugu da kari, dabbar dabbar dabbar tana yawan farautar ducks, manyan bindigogi da sauran tsuntsayen da suke rayuwa a jikin jikkunan ruwa.
Otter cub
Lokaci na otter yakan faɗi a kan Maris-Afrilu. Amma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin yanayi, suna iya haifar da kusan duk shekara. Ofarfin iya farfado da otters ya zama cikin shekaru 2-3. Maza yawanci sukan shirya fada don 'yancin mace. Haihuwar otter yana da lokacin latent, wanda zai iya zama kimanin kwanaki 270, yayin da lokacin haihuwar jarirai ya wuce watanni 2 kacal. Mafi sau da yawa, ana haihuwar cuban 2-4 a cikin otter.
Ana haihuwar cuban mara biyu a cikin rami. Jariri cikakke ne marasa kariya, kankanta, an rufe su da kazanta, basu da gani, kurame kuma basu da hakora. Matasa masu farawa suna fara gani tun yana ɗan wata 1; a cikin watanni 2, haƙoran haƙoshinsu suka yanke kuma launi suka canza.
A lokaci guda, sun fara koyon iyo da kuma koyon abubuwan farauta. Cuban marayu sun zama masu 'yanci a watanni 6, amma sun rabu da mahaifiyarsu kawai lokacin yana ɗan shekara 1. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa na otter shine shekaru 15.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin kuma kuna son karanta labarai masu ban sha'awa game da dabbobi, biyan kuɗi zuwa sabuntawar rukunin yanar gizonku don su kasance farkon waɗanda za su iya karɓar sababbin abubuwa kawai masu ban sha'awa game da mafi yawan dabbobi na duniyarmu.