Daga cikin yashi na hamada mai zafi yana zaune kyakkyawar dabba dabba - raƙumi. Ba dalili ba ne cewa ana kiransa jirgin ruwan jeji. Daga zamanin da, mutane sun lura da ikon raƙumi don sauƙin motsawa cikin yashi, yana tsayayya da hadari, fari da sauran yanayi mai tsauri. Dabbar tana son mutane sosai har ta zama mai mallakar ta kuma ta fara taimakawa a cikin gida.
Menene raƙuma
A yau, akwai nau'ikan dabbobi guda biyu: rakumi mai da biyu rak da mara-humped guda daya. Bugu da kari, akwai mutane da ke rayuwa a cikin daji da kuma mallaki. Sunan kimiyya game da rakumi mai rukunin gida biyu Bactrian ne, rakumi mai rago daya ne. Sau da yawa akwai wani suna don raƙumi ɗaya-jamel, wanda aka fassara shi azaman "raƙumi na Larabci". Ta hanyar jinsin, suna cikin dangi na musamman, Camelids, an tsara su.
Bayyanar raƙumi mai rago biyu-da mai rakumi-biyu
Ba daidai ba ne a ɗauka cewa rakumi mai raƙumi biyu ya bambanta da na mutum mai tawali'u sau ɗaya kawai da yawan humps. Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na waje.
Wani abin kuma shi ne rakumi mai launin biyu, wanda sunan shi Bactrian. Mayafinsu yayi kauri, tsayin su ya kai mita 2.7. Dabbobi suna yin awo tare da humps biyu har zuwa kilo 800. A launi daban-daban - a Bactrian shi launin toka-rawaya.
Koyaya, rakumi-mai-humped guda biyu da nau'i biyu suna da abubuwa masu yawa irin wannan, godiya garesu an haɗa su a cikin sashe na musamman - Molefoot. Batun shine tsarin musamman na ƙafa, wanda ya basu damar tafiya akan yashi kyauta.
Ya rarrabe raƙuma da wuyansu, suna durkushewa.
Amincewa da mummunan yanayin hamada
Don jin daɗi cikin yanayin bushewa, hamada mai zafi, dabbobi suna da fasali da yawa. Babban abu a cikin hamada shine adana yawan ruwa kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma a shawo kan dumama. Yawan raƙumi an tsara su don yin yaƙi tare da zafi sosai. Rakumi ɗaya-humped yana da ƙarancin gashi. Wataƙila, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan dabbobi ba su faruwa a cikin yanayi. Wani abin kuma rakumi ne mai hawa biyu. Mayafinsa dogo ne (hunturu) ko tsaka-tsaka (bazara). Amma a cikin kowane yanayi, yana da matukar yawa kuma mai yawa. Wannan yana haifar da shinge mai ban sha'awa ga raƙumi, ba barin shi cikin iska mai zafi ko sanyi.
A cikin jeji, bambance-bambance tsakanin yanayin zafin rana da na dare suna da yawa sosai - don wannan, raƙuma suna da ƙarin dukiya ta musamman: ɗumbin zafin jiki. Dabba zata iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi daga debe 35 zuwa 40 digiri Celsius. Idan dabba mai shayarwa a wani yanayin zafin jiki wanda yake da cikakken izinin yanayin ya hada da matakan thermoregulation tare da dan karamin canji, to rakumi ya hada da wadannan hanyoyin (zufa) kawai a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 40. Wannan ba kawai yana haifar da ta'aziyya ga dabba ba, har ma yana ba ku damar riƙe danshi mai mahimmanci.
Musamman nostrils na dabba ma sun taimaka wajen hana kayan ruwa da kiyaye shi.
Na'urar musamman ta hanci tana yin wani muhimmin aiki - suna taimaka wa rakumi ya numfasa yayin sandstast. Kuma manyan gashin ido suna kiyaye idanuwanku daga hatsi da yashi.
Kodan da hanjinsu zasu taimaka wajen riƙe danshi. Producearshen yana haifar da fitsari sosai, kuma ƙarshen yana fitar da gurɓataccen abinci.
Ta yaya raƙuma suke tara danshi? Dabbobi na iya shayar da ruwa da sauri: a cikin mintuna 10 har zuwa lita 150. Danshi mai bada rai yana ginawa cikin ciki. A cikin zafi, raƙuma na iya ƙishirwa har zuwa kwanaki 5, da raƙumi mai ɗaukar nauyi - har 10 idan ba su yin aikin jiki mai nauyi ba. An ba da wannan fasalin na musamman ga dabbobi ta tsarin musamman na sel masu jan jini - suna da sihiri mai kyau, bi da bi, riƙe danshi mai tsawo.
Bactrian Rakumi
Bactrian suna da kai mai tsayi tare da dogon wuya. Idanu daga turbaya suna kare dogon gashin idanu. Doguwar riga mai laushi mai ɗumi yana sanya raƙumi a cikin tsananin sanyi. Amma tare da zuwan bazara - yana sauri da sauri. Mutane daban-daban na iya tsayayya da yanayin zafin jiki har zuwa digiri 70: daga -30 zuwa +40 digiri. Wannan yana taimaka wajan kiyaye ruwa mai ruwa - saboda haka ba lallai ne kuyi gumi don sanyaya jiki ba kuma ta kula da yawan zafin jiki koyaushe. Bactrian na iya rasa dubun lita na ruwa (kusan kashi 30 na nauyinsa) a cikin jahannama Amma saboda tsarin sa, yana iya shan ruwan ɗimbin yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba tare da haɗarin samun ɗayan nau'in gurɓataccen ruwan-gishirin rayuwa ba.
Hakanan an bambanta da raƙumi mai nau'i biyu daga wasu dabbobi ta hanyar iyawa, tare da rashin ruwa mai ƙarfi, don kula da jini cikin yanayin ruwa. Wannan ya kubutar da shi daga mutuwa a lokacin rani. Hambobi biyu ba ajiyar ruwa kwata-kwata - wannan ne wurin da ake ajiye mai. Kuma shi, bi da bi, oxidizing, ya riga ya fitar da babban adadin H2O, wanda ya wuce adadin kitsen mai da aka cinye. A bayan kai na dabba akwai gland ne mai ƙanshi. Don haka m, da baya na shugaban tsirrai da yashi - ya alama yankin. Bactrian bashi da cutar cizon sauro.
Me yasa rakumi rakumi?
Kyakkyawan fasali wanda yara ma zasu iya gane rakumi sauƙaƙe ne. Kuskure ne a yarda cewa akwai ruwa a ciki. A'a. An mai da nama nama Adiya a cikin nutse - ya ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki da dabba ke ciyarwa, idan ya cancanta, azaman abinci ko abin sha. Bayan haka, an san cewa ruwa abu ne sanadin lalacewar mai.
Abin sha'awa shine, jin daɗin dabba yana yanke hukunci ta hanyar humps dinta. Idan sun tsaya, rakumi yana cikin girma. In ba haka ba, humps sag ko ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Habitat
Bactiyawa suna zaune a wurare masu bushewa. A cikin hunturu, suna zaune tare da koguna, kuma a lokacin rani shiga cikin busassun kwari da hamada. Za'a iya samun raƙuma biyu masu tawali'u a ƙasa tsakanin Asiya Manara da Manchuria. Iyakar arewa ta isa Lake Baikal da Omsk. An rarraba duk mutane zuwa kungiyoyi uku. Rukunin farko sun dace da zama a cikin jejin Takla-Makan, na biyu a China - galibi Lob-Nor Lowland, kuma rukuni na uku - a cikin jejin Gobi da ke yankin Mongolian.
Habitat na rakumi mai-huku biyu da rakumi daya
A da, rakumi mai rakumi biyu-biyu ya rayu ko'ina cikin Asiya, a halin yanzu ana iya samun shi cikin hamada Gobi. Har yanzu ana samun Gida mai suna Bactrian a cikin kasashen Asiya da yawa, kamar China, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, Kalmykia, da Kazakhstan. Tun daga ƙarni na 19, anyi amfani da rakumar mai hura wuta sau biyu koda a Siberia. Ya saba da yanayin yanayi mai tsauri, ya dace da jigilar kayayyaki.
Penasar Larabawa da Afirka ta Arewa - wurin zama na raƙuma ɗaya-ɗaya. A cikin daji, dromedaries suna da wuya. Ba su da irin wannan suturar ulu kamar Bactrians, saboda haka sun fi son yanayin dumama. Ana iya samun su a Pakistan ko Indiya, raƙumi mai-farashi guda ɗaya ya isa Turkmenistan. Australia ta ma fi son dromedaries - an kawo su can kusan shekaru dubu da suka gabata.
Halin hali, salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki
Raƙuman mahaukata suna aiki sosai da rana, kodayake suna ba da kwarin gwiwar dabbobi masu kwanciyar hankali. Rike cikin rukuni na 15 dabbobi. M wannan shi ne duka iyali - namiji, da yawa mata da zuriyarsu. Wasu mutane suna kashe rayukansu gaba ɗaya. Baƙi herabilar dabbobi ne kuma suna cin kowane nau'in abincin tsiro. Ba kamar sauran dabbobi ba, za su iya shan m da ruwa mai gishiri. Abun ciki mai hawa da yawa yana sauƙaƙa tsarin narkewa kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwan da raƙumi yake samu yayin abinci.
Rayuwar Camel
Yankin da raƙuma biyu masu rai biyu (da rakumi mai-humped) ƙauyuka ne ko hamada tare da ciyayi. Suna jagorantar salon rayuwa mai galibi, kodayake zasu iya yawon kan nesa mai nisa, saboda yankin rukunin shafukan su yana da faɗi sosai. "Yawan yawo" - wannan shine yadda ake fassara "raƙumi" daga harshen tsohuwar Slavonic.
Da rana, cikin zafin rana, dabbobi suna hutawa, su kwanta. Da yamma da safe sun fi son cin abinci. Saurin da aka saba da rakumi shine 10 km / h. Idan dabbar ta firgita, tana iya kaiwa da sauri zuwa 30 km / h. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa raƙumi yana iya ganin haɗari a nisan mil.
Suna zaune a cikin iyalai. Yawan ya kai mutum 10. A shugaban iyali ne namiji, da yawa mace da 'yan maruƙa yi masa biyayya. Akwai maza da ke jagorantar salon rayuwa. Rakumi kwantar da hankalin dabbobi ne. Ba sa kashe kuzari a kan wasanni da rikice-rikice.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa raƙuma sune masu iyo masu ban mamaki.
Tsammani na dabba shine shekaru 40-50. Lokacin mating yana faɗo a kan kaka-hunturu. Haka kuma, maza a wannan lokacin suna nuna halin mugunta sosai: suna iya kaiwa raƙuma gida, jagoranci ko kashe mace. Ana haihuwar jariri a matsakaici bayan shekara tare da ɗan. Kusan nan da nan, raƙumi ya hau ƙafafunsa.
Yawancin raƙuma ba su da abokan gaba, amma kyarkeci ne ya kawo su.
An san dabbobi don zubewa idan akwai haɗari. Yana da kyau a lura cewa rakumi mai rakumi mai ninkaya sau biyu yana gudana a cikin wani mutum daban. Da wuya mutane su samu shi. Sai kawai a, bisa ga dabba, haɗari ya fito daga gare shi. Lokacin da raƙumi ya kare kansa, yakan yi karo da shi, ya ciji, ya na iya ja da ƙafafunsa na gaba.
Abincin Rakumi
M, tauri, ciyayi mai ƙanƙantar da ƙasa shine abin da raƙumi ɗaya-da-humped biyu ya ci. Sunan daji yayi magana don kansa: "ƙaya raƙumi." Dabbobin suna da cikakkiyar fassara a zaɓar abinci. Motsawa da leɓen launuka iri-iri suna ba raƙumi damar ɗanɗana kamar yadda zai yiwu, saboda haka, tsire-tsire masu ƙusasshe ba matsala ba ce a gare shi.
Rakumi yakan wuce ta kowane tafki: suna shan ruwa da yawa da farin ciki matuƙa.
28.10.2017
Rakumi kangara (lat. Camelus bactrianus) babban dabbobi ne na dabbobi dangin Camelids (Camelidae). Da alama, an kafa yankin ne shekaru 2500 da suka gabata a arewacin Iran ko kudu maso gabashin Turkmenistan, ba tare da la'akari da asalin raƙuma ba.
Dabbobin sun bazu sosai a Bactria, wanda ke a cikin tsufa a tsakiyar kogin Amu Darya a cikin yanzu shine Afghanistan, Uzbekistan da Tajikistan. An yi amfani dashi don ɗaukar kaya kuma ya zama sananne a Bactrian.
Raƙumi daji da na gida
Abin takaici, a cikin daji, ana samun raƙuma ƙasa da ƙasa. Ba a samun dabbobin da ba su da fa'ida a cikin yanayin halitta kwata-kwata, kuma adadin dabbar da ke da dabbobi biyu-biyu kawai mutum 1000 ne da ke rayuwa a cikin takamaiman yanayi. Munyi magana game da sunan raƙumi mai rago biyu-da aka jera a cikin littafin Red - Bactrian ne.
Rashin samun maƙiya a cikin mazaunan jeji, raƙumi yana cikin haɗari saboda ayyukan ɗan adam. A gefe guda, ana kama dabbobi don ba da izinin gida da buguwa, a gefe guda, an lalata wuraren zama.
Raƙuman cikin gida suna tawaye, dabbobi masu girman kai tare da ƙimar kansu. Basu yarda da zalunci da sakaci ba. Rakumi ba zai taɓa tsayuwa a buƙace mai shi ba, sai dai in ya yanke hukuncin wa kansa cewa yana da hutawa mai kyau. Rakumi ba zai ba da izinin bari daga mai baƙi ba. Wani mutum yakamata ya yi wannan kuma kawai a gaban raƙumi. Duk da wahalar sadarwa da mutane, raƙuma dabbobi ne masu sadaukarwa, suna da kusanci da mai mallakar kirki, masu iya koyo da horo.
Yaɗa
A halin yanzu, ana ƙididdige yawan dabbobin da ke Gidajen ƙasa kimanin miliyan biyu. An rarraba su sosai a cikin Tsakiyar Asiya da Tsakiyar Asiya ta Tsakiya, Mongolia, China da kuma yankunan kudanci na Rasha.
Bugu da ƙari ga raƙuma biyu masu hutu biyu, an kuma kiyaye ƙananan manoma na daji (Camelus ferus) a cikin adadi kaɗan.
A cikin mazaunan dabi'a, matafiyi da ɗan ɗabi'a Nikolai Przhevalsky ne suka fara gano su kuma suka bayyana su a cikin 1878.
Camelus ferus yana zaune a cikin kananan kungiyoyi 6 zuwa 20 a cikin hamada na Gobi (Mongolia) da Takla-Makan a yammacin China. Mafi yawan jama'a shine yawan Mongolia, yana da mutane fiye da 600.
A lardin Gansu na kasar Sin, an kirkiro Lop Nur Wild Camel National Park a cikin 2000 don adana wadannan dabbobi da ba kasafai ba. Duk da duk matakan da aka ɗauka, tare da ragowar halin yanzu na mace-mace da haihuwa, adadin nau'in halittu a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa na iya raguwa da wani 15% na 15%.
Bactrian
Raƙuman daji, waɗanda ake kira da Bactmen, suna ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan halittu biyu na “raƙuman da suka dace”. Baya ga girman girma da kuma kasantuwa na biyu, 'yan Bactiyawa, idan aka kwatanta da danginsu mai tawali'u daya, suna da sutura mai kauri.
Bactrian ya fito ne daga yankin Mongolia da Asia ta Tsakiya, don haka ya daidaita da rayuwa ta yanayin yanayi mai zafi da lokacin sanyi mai sanyi (gami da dusar kankara). Abubuwan da ke tattare da ilmin jikin mutum da ilimin dabbobi suna ba da Bactrian mai ƙaƙƙarfan ɗanɗano don ɗaukar dogon lokaci ba tare da ruwa ba a cikin yanayi mai zafi, yayin da suke wadatuwa da abinci marasa abinci mai gina jiki. Da kyau, lokacin farin ciki uffan yana ba ku damar jimre masu tsananin sanyi ba tare da matsaloli ba. A lokaci guda, Bactiyawa ba za su iya yin haƙuri da ruwa ko kaɗan ba, saboda haka ana samun su ne kawai a cikin yankuna masu bushewa.
Gasar rakumi mai girman kai biyu ya faru ne kimanin shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ana ɗaukar muhimmiyar dabbobin gida a waɗancan yankuna na Tsakiyar Asiya inda yanayin ƙaura da hamada suke. Yawan zamani na waɗannan dabbobin akalla miliyan 2. Muhimmiyar mahimmancin raƙuma a cikin zamanin masana'antu ya haifar da fitowar nau'ikan masana'antu masu zaman kansu. A gonar an yi amfani dasu da farko azaman fakiti da dabbobin dabba, jimiri yana da ƙarfi sosai akan dawakan. A cewar Wikipedia, wani lokaci ana amfani da Bactrian koda don dalilan soji. Bugu da kari, waɗannan raƙuma sune masu kawo madara, nama da ulu. A yau, ana amfani da Bactrian sosai don dalilai na nishaɗi - a cikin kewaya da gidajen kallo.
Abin ban sha'awa ne cewa raƙuma biyu masu dimbin yawa har ma a yau wakilai da yawa na daji suna wakilta, kodayake garkunan shanunsu kaɗan ne. Wadannan kananan mutane suna zaune a yankuna da dama da ba a iya amfani da su na China da Mongolia.
Amma game da kalmar "Bactrian", wanda galibi ana kiranta raƙuman raƙuman daji, ya fito ne daga sunan tsohuwar jihar Bactria ko Bactrian, wacce ke cikin yankuna kusa da Afghanistan ta zamani (babban ɓangaren), Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China da Pakistan. Kodayake raƙuma a wancan lokacin sun rayu ba kawai a wannan yankin ba, amma gaba ɗaya cikin tsakiyar Asiya ta Tsakiya, sunan tsohuwar Romawa ya ba wa Bactrians, wanda duk abin da gabashin gabashin Farisa ya kasance ɗaya. Raƙuman daji biyu masu tawali'u kawai an sanya wa sunayen don ƙarancin yankin da ake bijiro dasu.
Amfanin ga mutane
Wani mutum ya fara mallakar raguna raƙuma tun da daɗewa, kusan shekaru dubu 5 da suka gabata. Baya ga taimako na jiki a cikin jigilar kayayyaki, dabbobi sune madara mai mahimmanci, fata mai inganci, Jawo mai ɗumi. Hatta kashin raƙumi ana amfani dashi don yin kayan adon Buda da kayan gida. Saboda kyawawan dalilai ne yasa wadanda ke kiwon su ke girmama dabbobi.
Yawancin mazauna ƙasashe masu yawon shakatawa suna amfani da raƙuma don baƙi baƙi.
Idan ba tare da halartar wa annan dabbobin da ke cikin taurin kai ba, cinikayya a zamanin d ba zai faru ba, kuma a sakamakon haka, wayewar ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ba ta ci gaba ba. Mutane ba za su san kayan ƙanshi ba ko kayan siliki na kasar Sin. An kuma yi amfani da dawakai a yaƙe-yaƙe. Af, har yanzu akwai ragamar mulkin raƙumi a Indiya.
Har ila yau, Camel ta taka rawar gani a cikin ci gaban Arewacin Amurka. Ta wurin taimakon waɗannan dabbobin ne aka kwashe kayayyaki.Tare da kirkirar hanyar jirgin kasa, rakumi, kamar yadda bai zama dole ba, an fitar dashi zuwa yanayin mahaukata, inda manoman yankin suka lalata su. Saboda haka, a Amurka babu wasu dabbobi da suka rage.
Dramedar
Rakumi raƙumi ɗaya, wanda aka fi sani da suna Dromedar (Dromedade) da Arab, shine wakili na biyu na asalin raƙuman da suka dace. Dromedars ya fito ne daga hamada da kuma yankuna na hamada na Arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda garkunan dabbobi masu yawa basa rayuwa a da. Ko ta yaya, a yau ba wata ƙungiyar daji guda ɗaya da ta tsira.
Brotheran uwan Bactrian ɗan ƙage ne karami, yana da ɗaɗari ɗaya da sutturar ƙwallon ƙafa. Kamar dai danginsu na Asiya ta Tsakiya, raƙuma ɗaya-hum ɗin an daidaita da su don zama cikin yanayin bushe, zafi. Hakanan suna sauƙaƙe sarrafawa ba tare da ruwa ba tsawon makonni, suna cin ciyayi mai tsalle. Amma Dromedars basu da ƙawance da sanyi. Mayafin da ba shi da ƙarfi ba ya basu damar kasancewa cikin cikakken sanyi na dogon lokaci.
A bayyane yake, ana amfani da dromedars a cikin Gabar larabawa kusan shekara dubu da suka gabata fiye da 'Yan Bashintiyawa a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya. A tarihi, rakumi mai rago daya-daya ana saurin tallatawa a yankuna na mazauninsu na asali, amma da wucewar lokaci, ana kuma yaba da fa'idar wadannan dabbobin a wasu yankuna na makwabta har zuwa Indiya a gabas da Turkestan a arewa. Kamar Bactrians, Dromedars ba kawai shine tushen nama da madara ba, amma har ma mafi mahimmancin shirya da dabbobin. A lokaci guda, raƙuma ɗaya-humped an yi amfani da su a cikin harkokin soja fiye da yadda suka saba da danginsu biyu. Godiya ga wannan, an san su sosai, har da Turawa, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da Larabawa sau da yawa.
Da kyau, tsoffin Helenawa sun ba da sunan Dromedar ga raƙuma ɗaya-humped. Fassara, yana nufin "guduwa," tunda Girkawa galibi suna hulɗa da sojan raƙumi na Farisa da Larabawa. Af, a yau ana amfani da dromemedars sosai a cikin tseren dawakai, wanda kuma a kaikaice yake ba da sunan Girkanci.
Dromedar da Bactrian - menene bambanci
Don haka, mun gano cewa Bactrian da Dromedar, wato rakumi da rakumi biyu-biyu, bi da bi, nau'ikan halittu ne biyu daban. Bari mu bincika yadda suka bambanta da juna.
An riga an faɗi a sama cewa 'yan Bactiyawa sun fi girma girma: girman su ya kai kimanin mita biyu a ƙ twoƙasassun (wani lokacin har zuwa 2.3 m), kuma tsayin humps ɗin ya kai mita 2.7 tare da nauyin jikin namiji na kimanin kilogram 600. A lokaci guda, dromedaries suna girma akan matsakaita 20 cm ƙasa tare da taro mai kusan 500 kg. Ba shi yiwuwa a samar da mafi daidaitattun bayanai, tunda a cikin jinsunan biyu akwai nau'ikan dabbobi iri-iri, galibi suna da yawa sosai a girma.
Baya ga adadin humps da yawa na gashi, raƙuman jinsunan biyu ba su da wasu bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci. Wannan shine bambanci tsakanin Dromedar da Bactrian. Jigilar halittu da ilimin halittar mutum na ciki iri biyu kusan iri daya ne, wanda kuma ya sake tabbatar da danginsu. Dangane da ka’idar da aka yarda da ita gaba daya, magadan Bactrians na zamani da Dromedars rakumi ne, wanda ya bayyana a yankin Arewacin Amurka. Bayan 'yan dubun miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, tare da hanyar ƙasa wacce ta kasance a lokacin, ya isa Eurasia, inda sannu a hankali ya kasu kashi biyu da aka sani yau. Koyaya, wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imani cewa wannan rabuwa ya faru ne a Amurka.
A wannan yanayin, nau'in farko, a fili yake, ya kasance biyu-humped ne, tunda embryos na dromedars na zamani da farko suna da humps biyu, kuma tare da haɓakar tayin kaɗai hump ɗin na biyu zai ɓace. Wannan gaskiyar, ta hanyar, yana ba wasu kwararru damar gabatar da ka'idar cewa Bactrian na zamani ya zo Eurasia daga Amurka, kuma dromedar "ya yi girma" daga ciki a wurin.
Idan hakan ta kasance, alaƙar kusancin da ke tsakanin al'adun biyu ita ma an tabbatar da cewa suna iya samar da cikakkiyar mahimmancin haɗin gwiwa. Hybrids ana wakilta da yawa subtypes:
- Nar Hybridwararrun hybridan fari na froman mace daga Bactrian da namiji Dromedar. A cikin girman da jimrewa, hadadden Nar Bactrian da Dromedar sun fi kyau.
- Iner. Hybrid na farkon ƙarni daga mace dromedar da namiji Bactrian. A cikin hatsi, ana lura da matsakaiciyar gado na halayen iyaye.
- Jarbay. Tsarin ƙarni na biyu, wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar haifuwar ƙarni na farko "a cikin kansa." Sakamakon bayyanar ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar, kusan basu sami rarrabawa ba.
- Cospack Haihuwar da aka samu ta hanyar tsallake gangar jikin mace tare da mazajen Bactrian na tsarkakakken fata. An bambanta su da manyan girma da karuwar yawan madara.
- Kez-Nar. Abubuwan gado da aka samo ta hanyar tsallakewa mata na Cospack tare da dromedaries.
- Kurt. Abubuwan gado da aka samo ta hanyar tsallakewa cikin mata da maza dromedar
- Kurt-Nar. Abubuwan gado sun samu ta hanyar tsallakewa Kurt mace tare da maza Bactrian.
Haɗin ɗan ƙarni na farko na Bactrian da Dromedar daidai yake a cikin bayyanar da Dromedars: suna da ƙasa ƙasa kaɗan a bayansu, wanda, lokacin da aka bincika dalla-dalla, ana iya bayyana su azaman humps biyu masu haɗuwa tare. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, suna haɗu da fa'idar jinsin iyaye.
Haraji
Sunan Rasha - raƙumi mai raƙumi biyu
Sunan Latin - Camelus bactrianus
Sunan Turanci - Raƙumi na cikin gida
Oda - kayanka (Artikasada)
Suborder - Callopods (Tylopoda)
Iyali - Rakumi (Camelids)
Harshen Hannu - Rakumi (Rakumi)
Akwai daji da kuma gida mai rakumi mai rakumi biyu. Raƙumi na daji a Mongolia, a cikin mahaifarta, ana kiranta haptagai, ya bambanta da na gida - Bactrian (kalmar ta fito ne daga sunan tsohuwar yankin a Asiya ta Tsakiya, Bactria).
Matsayi na kiyayewa ta dabbobi
Raƙumi mai rakumi mai gida biyu, dabba ce da aka saba gani a cikin jihohin Asiya ta Tsakiya, Mongolia da China. A Rasha, ana samun mafi yawan raƙuma a Buryatia da Kalmykia. Dabbobin duniya sun wuce kawuna miliyan biyu.
Raƙumi mai rakumi mai rago biyu-biyu, dabba ce mai wuya, an jera ta a jerin jaba na IUCN, a ɓangaren CR - jinsin da ke cikin haɗarin haɗari. Yawan waɗannan dabbobin sun hada da fewan mutane ɗari. A cewar wasu rahotanni, rakumin daji dangane da barazanar yana cikin matsayi na takwas a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda ke shirin karewa.
Duba kuma mutum
Raƙumi mai raƙumi biyu na gida (Bactrian) ya daɗe yana da muhimmin dabbobi a cikin sassa da yawa na Asiya. Da farko dai, amintaccen abin hawa ne a cikin hamada. Mutane suna amfani da madara, nama, fata, da gashin raƙumi, daga abin da suke yin samfurori da yawa da aka kera da gurnani. Hatta ɗan dabbar wannan dabba tana da tamanin gaske: tana zama isasshen man fetur.
Gidajen raƙumi suna kafe cikin tsarin tsufa. Bayanan farko na tarihin adana kayan tarihi game da noman 'yan Bactmen ya kasance ne a cikin shekaru dubbai.Rahotanni da yawa sun nuna cewa raƙuman gida sun bayyana ne kimanin shekaru 4,500 da suka gabata. Samun jirgin ruwa dauke da daskararren raƙumi mai rago biyu da ragowar kuɗin raƙumi, wanda aka yi yayin ramuka na tsoffin ƙauyuka a gabashin Iran, ya ƙare har zuwa 2500. Oneaya daga cikin hotunan tsofaffin gidan raƙumi wanda mutane suka jagoranci a ƙarƙashin amarya sun koma karni na 9. An sassaka akan sanannen Black Obelisk na Sarkin Assuriyawan Salmanasar III kuma yanzu yana cikin gidan kayan tarihin Ingila. Wani hoton kuma an samo shi a kan bangon harabar Apadan na fadar sarakunan Farisa a Persepolis, mallakar V
An adana raƙumi mai nau'i biyu a cikin daji kuma an fara bayyana shi a matsayin jinsin a cikin 1878 sanannen mashahurin masanin Rasha a Mongolia. A halin yanzu, yawan '' ɓarna '' yana ci gaba da raguwa musamman saboda kamun daji da gasa tare da dabbobi.
Raƙumi na gida ya ɗan bambanta da na daji, wanda ke ba da dama ga wasu masana kimiyya don bambanta su daban daban, ko a ƙalla. Tambayar asalin Bactrian daga rakumar daji ta zamani kuma ita ce a buɗe.
Bayyananniya da ilimin halittar jiki
Fitowar rakumar mai rago-biyu tana da kyau da kuma halayyar da ba ta barin ta ta rikice tare da kowace dabba. Bactiyawa dabbobi ne manya-manya - tsayi a witiri yawanci ya wuce mita 2 kuma zai iya kaiwa mita 2.3, tsayin jiki tare da humps ya kai 2.7 m. Wani dattijo yakai kimanin kilogiram 500 akan matsakaita, amma galibi ya fi yawa - har zuwa 800 har ma da kilogram 1000 . Mata sun kasance karami: kilogiram 320-450, a lokuta mawuyaci har zuwa kilogiram 800.
Jiki mai fasali a kan doguwar kafaɗa, tare da kafafu na baya kamar an sanya shi a kan kwanon ruɓa na tsoka, doguwa mai ɗauka, mafi girman kai tare da bayyana idanu, layuka masu ƙyalli biyu na gashin ido, kuma, ba shakka, humps - wannan raƙumi ne. A cikin raƙumin da ya ciyar da kyau, humps suna da daraja, sifofinsu ɗaya ne ga kowane dabba, a cikin raƙumi na bakin ciki, humps gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare sun faɗi daga ɗayan, amma ya sake tashi lokacin da dabbar ta ci. Sunan suborder - callosus - saboda tsarin kafa ya ƙare a ƙafafun da aka yanke, yana kwance akan matashin masara, wanda Bactrian ya faɗi sosai, yana barin dabba ta yi tafiya a ƙasa kwance. A gaban ƙafafun - da kaman kambori, ko ɗan kofato. Wutsiya ya zama gajere, tare da tassel na dogon gashi a ƙarshen. Thearsar raƙuma baƙon abu bane - suna da wayau, yayin da mai mutunci, mai wuya, ya saba da tsinkayen ciyayi da ciyayi mai tsini. A saman leben dukkan ramuka an shayar da su. Kunnuwa suna zagaye da kanana, kusan babu bambanci daga nesa mai nisa. A bayan kai akwai wadatattun gland wanda aka haɗe, musamman waɗanda aka haɓaka cikin namiji, waɗanda aka yi amfani da baƙar fata, viscous da ƙanshi mai alama don nuna yankin.
Launi na raƙumi yana cikin launuka iri-iri, daga kusan fari zuwa. Mayafin yana da kauri da tsawo (kusan 7 cm akan jiki, kuma har zuwa 30 cm ko sama da haka a ƙwanƙolin ƙyallen kai). Tsarin ulu-Bactrian yayi kama da na mazaunan Arewa - poaukar bera da mai ba da haske: ragowar gashin gashi, kamar na shambura, baƙaƙen ciki. Tare da kayan aiki mai zurfi, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin yanayin zafi na rigar raƙumi. Moarwatsewar raƙuma ma yana da muhimmanci - yana farawa da fara kwanakin zafi kuma yana gudana da sauri. Sabuwar ulu ta fadi, ta bar jikin a cikin manyan shreds, ko ma yadudduka, kuma sabon ba shi da lokacin girma a wannan lokacin, sabili da haka, a ƙarshen Mayu - Yuni, raƙumi a cikin gidan dabbobi kusan "tsirara". Koyaya, makonni 2-3 sun shude, kuma kyakkyawa mai kyaun hannu biyu an rufe shi da koren farin ciki mai duhu, wanda zai zama musamman tsawon lokaci zuwa hunturu.
Kamara suna da fasalolin ilimin halittar jiki da dama da ke ba su damar rayuwa cikin matsanancin yanayi. Rakumi yana fama da rashin ruwa a jiki wanda yake ƙyamar sauran dabbobi. Wannan dabba zata iya rayuwa ta rasa kashi 40% na ruwan jiki (sauran dabbobin suna mutuwa yayin da aka rasa 20% na ruwan). Kodan raƙumi na iya ɗaukar wani muhimmin sashi na ruwa daga fitsari ya mayar da ita ga jiki, saboda haka, fitar fitsari a keɓe take sosai. Kwayoyin halittar jan jini (jan jini) raƙuma suna da sihiri mai kyau (suna zagaye a duk sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa), saboda haka, jininsa yana kula da yanayin al'ada koda da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, tunda kunkuntar sel jinin jan jini suna wucewa ta cikin abubuwan da ke cikin. Bugu da ƙari, erythrocytes raƙumi suna da ikon tara ruwa, yayin da suke ƙaruwa da girma har zuwa 2.5. Bactrian taki ya fi mai da hankali fiye da taki shanu - ya ƙunshi sau 6-7 a ruwa kuma ya ƙunshi cakuda m, kusan busassun tsire-tsire (manoman gona yana da kyau a cikin nau'i mai shimfiɗa sau 4 × 2 × 2 × 2 cm). Da rashin ruwa mai ƙarfi, raƙumi yana asara mai nauyi, amma, samun ruwa, yana dawo da yanayin al'adarsa a zahiri.
Yawancin fasali na tsarin waje shima yana ba ku damar iyakancewar ajiyar ruwa a jikin mutum. Rage ruwa a cikin ruwa, tun da raƙumi yana riƙe ƙoshin hancinsa a hankali, yana buɗe su lokacin. Ikon raƙumi don magance zafi kuma an san shi. Ba kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, rakumi yana farawa ne kawai idan zafin jikinsa ya kai +41 ° C, kuma karuwarsa ta zama mai matukar barazanar rayuwa. A dare, yawan zafin jikin rakumi na iya sauka zuwa + 34 ° C.
Kitsen da ke cikin humps din ba ya rushe cikin ruwa, kamar yadda aka yi imani na wani dogon lokaci, amma yana taka rawar wadatar abinci ga jikin mutum. Hakanan yana taimakawa jikin raƙumi, tarawa farko akan baya, wanda aka fi sani da hasken rana. Idan aka rarraba kitse a ko'ina cikin jiki, to hakan zai sami damar hana fitar da zafi daga jikin. Dukkanin humps ɗin suna iya ɗaukar kilogram 150 na mai.
Vicuna
Rakuma suna cikin halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa daga raƙuman iyali (Camelidae) na ƙananan halittun callopods (Camelidae) na tsari na artiodactyls (Artiodactyla). Wadannan manyan dabbobin an daidaita su da rayuwa a cikin hamada, jejin hamada da kuma kwari. Mazaunan yankuna na ƙasa na duniya suna da daraja raƙuma sosai kuma suna kiransu "jiragen ruwan hamada".
Rayuwa & Tsarin zamantakewa
Raƙumi ɗan raƙumi dabbobi ne mai aiki da hasken rana. A dare, ko dai ya yi bacci ko ba ya aiki kuma yana ɗan tabo. A lokacin mahaukaciyar guguwa, raƙuma suna iya yin bacci har tsawon kwanaki. A cikin yanayin yanayi, suna ƙoƙari su nemi tsari a cikin daji ko kwari, suna tafiya da yardar rai cikin matsanancin zafi, suna ɗaukar wutsiyoyi, a kan iska tare da buɗe baki, suna rage zafin jikinsu.
Game da kungiyar zamantakewa, abun da rakumi mai rakumi mai gida biyu ya kasance karkashin ikon mutumin ne wanda yake iyakance rayuwarsu. Idan raƙuma suna gudana daji, suna dawo da halayyar zamantakewar asalin kakanninsu na daji. Raƙumi biyu masu raƙumi biyu suna ci gaba da zama a cikin ƙananan garkuna na 5-20 (wani lokacin har zuwa 30), galibi ya ƙunshi mata da ƙananan dabbobi, shugaba babban maza ne. Maza yawanci ana samun su da waƙoƙi ɗaya. Garkunan raƙuma suna iya haɗawa da samari maza da suka manyanta, amma a waje ɗaya lokacin fitowar.
Bayanin
Tsawon rakumi mai kafa biyu ya wuce 2 m, tare da humps ɗin da ya kai 2.7 m.The sirrin tsakanin humps ɗin yana da tsayin kusan 1.7 m, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake da wuya a hau raƙumi a tsaye kuma ya wajaba a gare shi ya durƙusa ko a kwance. Nisa tsakanin humps shine kimanin cm 30. Yawan ɗinbin namiji yakai kilo 500 da ƙari. Matan sun yi nauyi, daga 320 zuwa 450 kg. Yarinya raƙumi yana girma har zuwa shekaru 7.
Raƙumi mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya biyu yana da jiki mai laushi, jiki mai kama da ƙafa, dogayen kafafu tare da ƙafafun da aka doke, waɗanda ke kan matashin masara. Hannu sun ɓace. Neckun ya yi tsawo, ya lanƙwashe da ƙarfi, da farko ya sunkuyar da ƙasa sannan U-dimbin yawa ya tashi. Wutsiyar tana da ɗan gajeru, har zuwa 0.5 a tsayi, tare da buroshi a kan tip. Mayafin yana da kauri da kauri, kuma zai samar da dogon dakatarwa a kasa da wuya. Hakanan, dogon gashi yana tsiro a saman humps, a kai da nape. Rakumi mai raƙumi mai launi biyu-biyu ana zane shi da launin ruwan kasa-launin yashi a cikin launuka daban-daban. Daga cikin dabbobin gida, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, baƙar fata, fari, da raƙumi cream sun zama ruwan dare. Dogayen dogayen idanu da kawaye, lebe mai kyalli halaye ne na rakumi mai ido biyu. Kunnuwa suna zagaye, karami. A cikin raƙumi mai lafiya, humps har ma, sun miƙe tsaye. A bayan kai an haɗa glandon waɗanda ke haɗe da viscous da sirrin baƙar fata don alamar yankin.
Muryar rakumi mai raƙumi biyu kamar ta jaki. Rakumi da ke ɗauke da fakitoci yakan yi yaushi lokacin da ya fado daga ƙasa ko ya fāɗa kan sa.
Siffofin Ciyar Cakal
Raƙumi mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaya biyu dabba ce ta dabbobi, ana ciyar da ita ga abinci mara nauyi da abinci mai sauƙi. Kuna iya cin tsire-tsire tare da ƙaya.
Abincin raƙuma na daji ya ƙunshi tsiron bishiyoyi da kuma dabbobin-tsiro na ɗan itace, albasa, ƙwanƙwasa, saxifrage, ephedra, saxaul, poplar da ganye. Idan babu irin wannan abincin, raƙuma suna ciyar da kasusuwa na dabbobi da fatalwar dabbobi.Gabaɗaya, yana haƙuri da yin azumin.
Matsayin abinci mai gina jiki na jikin raƙumi ana yin shi ta cikin kitse da ke cikin humps ɗinsa. Ba ya rarrabuwa cikin ruwa, amma ana amfani dashi don rufin zafin rana. Guda biyu na humps yana dauke da kilogram 150 na mai.
Rakoki suna zuwa maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sau ɗaya kowace 'yan kwanaki. Suna kwantar da hankali ba tare da ruwa ba har tsawon makonni 2-3, musamman a lokacin rani, lokacin da bayan damina ta yi ɗumbin tsire-tsire a cikin tsirrai. Rakumi yana rayuwa koda tare da asarar 40% na ruwan jiki. Bugu da kari, rakumi mai kafa biyu zai iya shan ruwan gishiri na tafkunan jejin. A lokaci guda, raƙumi yakan iya shan ruwa mai yawa a lokaci guda. Tare da matsanancin bushewa - fiye da lita 100.
Abinci da tsarin abinci
Rakumi ɗan raƙumi dabbobi ne na dabbobi, kuma a lokaci guda yana iya ciyar da abinci mafi ƙarancin abinci. Yana da ikon cin tsire-tsire tare da ƙaya waɗanda ba su iya cin kowace dabba ba. Abincin rakumi yana da bambanci sosai. Tabbas, suna son hatsi, suna cin ƙawancin raƙumi tare da nishaɗi, amma kuma suna cinye sauƙin girke-girke da dabbobin-tsiro da bishiyoyi, albasa, baƙar fata, ganyayen ganye tare da manyan ganyayyakinsa masu kyau, ku ci ephedra da ƙananan harbe na saxaul, kuma a cikin kaka a oases - ganyayen ganye da ganye. Lokacin da raƙuma ke fama da yunwa, suna iya cin ƙasusuwan dabbobi da fatansu, har ma da kayan da aka yi daga gare su. Raƙumi ɗan ƙasa ya iya jure wa matsananciyar yunwa. An dace da shi don karancin abinci wanda don lafiyar raƙumi na gida, yawan samun isasshen abinci na iya zama mafi kyawu fiye da abinci mai yawa.
Kamaru suna nuna juriya ɗaya dangane da ruwa. Misali, rakuman daji suna zuwa maɓuɓɓugar ba sau ɗaya ba sau ɗaya a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Idan suna da damuwa a wurin, to, makonni biyu ko uku zasu iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba, musamman lokacin rani, lokacin da ake samun danshi mai yawa a cikin tsirrai bayan ruwan sama. Rakumi mai raƙumi mai ƙauyuka biyu sanannen shine saboda yana iya shan ruwan madubin rafin hamada ba tare da lahani ga lafiyar ba. Wannan, duk da haka, damuwa ne kawai da raƙumi daji - waɗanda ke cikin gida suna guje wa shan ruwan gishiri. Gabaɗaya, buƙatar gishiri a cikin dabba yana da girma sosai - saboda wannan, raƙuman gida suna buƙatar tabbatar da kasancewar sandunan gishirin kullun. Rakumi gabaɗaya, da kumburi musamman, sanannu ne saboda ikonsu na shan ruwa mai yawa a lokaci guda. Tare da matsanancin rashin ruwa, Bactrian yana iya shan kusan lita 100 a lokaci guda.
Idan akwai wadataccen abinci, rakuman daji da na gida za su yi ta faɗuwa da faɗuwa. Amma raƙuma sun fi ƙarfi, misali, dawakai, a cikin hunturu, suna fama da tsananin dusar ƙanƙara kuma musamman kankara, tunda ba za su iya inuwa kamar dawakai ba tare da kasancewar hooves na ainihi ba - tono dusar ƙanƙara kuma ku ciyar da ciyawar da ke ƙarƙashinsa.
Nau'in Kamara na gama gari
Mafi tsofaffin wakilan dangin rakumi, a cewar masana kimiyya, suna zaune ne a Arewacin Amurka, daga inda wasu daga cikinsu suka ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Amurka, inda aka kiyaye shi azaman llamas, na biyu kuma kusa da Bering Isthmus ya tafi Asiya.
Har wa yau, akwai nau'ikan raƙuma guda biyu:
- Bamujikan bactrianus: Rakumi na Bactrian ko Bactrian,
- Camelus dromedarius: Rakumi ɗaya-humped, dromedar, dromedary ko arabian.
Dangane da binciken burbushin halittu, rabe rakumi biyu da rago daya ya faru shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata. A wannan yanayin, a farko rakumi biyu-humped bayyana, tun a amfrayo na rakumi-humped rakumi biyu humps farko da aka kafa, ɗayan ɗayan ya ɓace yayin da yake haɓaka.
Dangantaka tsakanin rakumi mai-tawali'u biyu-da-humma an nuna su ne yayin da suka haye, suna ba da gicciye, wanda ake kira Nar. A waje, bunk ɗin yayi kama da raƙumi mai fa'ida ɗaya, ana rarrabe shi da babban tsutsa guda ɗaya, girman girmansa biyu na Bactrian ne. Nars manya-manya ne kuma dabbobi masu karfi, ana samun su a Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Iran da Turkey.
Vocalization
Rakuma ba halittu masu yawan magana ba ne. Koyaya, yayin fa'din, maza suna bayyanar da sautin hayaniya, wanda ake jinsa sosai. Dabbobin da suka yi fice suna yin sautsi kama da na murɗa da ihu mai amo. Cubs waɗanda ke kiran uwaye suna ruri da sautin murya, uwaye suna amsawa da sauti iri ɗaya, amma tare da ƙananan maimaitawa.
Kiwo da kuma zuriya
Matan raƙuma sun zama manya a lokacin shekaru 2-3, maza suna ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, wani lokacin yana shekara 5-6. Hanyar rakumin bactrian yana faruwa ne a cikin fall. A wannan lokacin, maza suna nuna hali sosai. Suna kaiwa wasu maza hari kuma suna kokarin aure da su, kullun suna ruri da ƙarfi, suna gudu suna birgima, kumfa yana fitowa daga bakinsu. Dabbobi suna yin sautuna masu kama da murɗawa, da sautin murƙushewa. Mazaje mafi rinjaye yayin tafiya suna fitar da mace zuwa cikin rukuni kuma kar a basu izinin raba. A cikin wannan halin, raƙumi na mutum na iya zama haɗari ga mutane da dabbobi. Maza gidan rakumin maza yawanci ana ɗaure shi ko a kebe saboda dalilai na aminci. A Mongolia, gargadin jan bandeji ana sawa a wuyan rakumi da aka kora da aka yi a cikin kiwo kyauta.
Mazaje da yawa sukan yi ta fama da yaƙe-yaƙe, a lokacin da suke murƙushe abokan gaba da wuya, suna ƙoƙari su durƙusa ƙasa kuma suka jiƙe. Yawancin lokaci kwantar da hankula da ladabi a lokacin tashin hankali ya zama mai haɗari, muguntar, na iya kai hari ta amfani da karnuka, doke tare da gaba da na baya. Idan aka yi amfani da hakora (galibi abokin hamayya ya kama kai da hakora) ko kafafu, to kuwa mummunan rauni yana yiwuwa har zuwa mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin mayaƙan. A cikin garken raƙuma na gida, wani lokacin kawai taimakon makiyaya yana ceton mai raƙumi mai rauni daga raunin da ya ji. Yana faruwa cewa raƙuman daji suna kai hari ga dabbobin gida, suna kashe maza da mata. - don haka, makiyaya Mongoliya a cikin Zaaltai Gobi suna satar garken raƙuma yayin da suke gudu daga jeji, zuwa cikin tsaunuka, don kare su daga hare-haren haptagai.
A lokacin faxin, maza suna yin amfani da glandon occipital don yiwa yankin alama, suna ɗaukar wuya da taɓa kawunansu da ƙasa da duwatsu. Hakanan suna shayar da ƙafafunsu da fitsarin kansu kuma suna yada fitsari a bayan jikin tare da wutsiya. Mace kuma tana yin hakan. Dankakken kwano yana faruwa a kwance. A lokacin balaga, namiji Bactrian yana fitar da kumfa daga bakinsa, yana cizon haƙoransa da ƙarfi, yana jefa kansa da baya. Bayan watanni 13 na ciki, mace tana da raƙumi ɗaya. Yana da nauyi daga kilo 35 zuwa 45, wanda shine kusan kashi 5-7% na nauyin mahaifiyar. Abin sha'awa shine, rakumi mai rukunin gado biyu lokacin haihuwarsa bashi da nauyi sosai (duka biyu kuma yana da kusanci da mahaifiyar) fiye da raƙumi ɗaya mai humped, wanda yakai kimanin kilo 100.
Raƙumi mai ɗaukar ciki kusan nan da nan (sa'o'i biyu daga baya) zai iya bin mahaifiyarsa. Yana da ƙananan rudiments na humps ba tare da kitse na ciki ba, amma tuni yana da shekaru yana humps ɗin ya ɗauki madaidaiciya ya zama zagaye a gindi. Jariri yakan ciyar da shi kawai a madara har zuwa watanni 3-4, a wannan lokacin ne ya fara gwada abincin shuka, amma ya tsotse tsawon lokaci. Lactation a cikin mace yana da shekaru 1.5, kuma akwai lokuta idan yara masu tasowa suka shayar da uwayensu a lokaci guda kamar sauran brothersan uwansu. Suna girma raƙumi da sauri, bayan sun kai ga balaga, girma yana raguwa, amma yana tsayawa ne kawai yana da shekaru 7.
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 3-4, maza sun bar garken mahaifiya, suka samar kungiyoyin rukuni biyu, daga baya suka mallaki haihuwar. Rakumi yana kawo zuriya, a matsayin mai mulkin, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2.
Tsawon rayuwa
Rakumi yakan rayu tsawon lokaci, har zuwa shekaru 40-50.
Kamara ba ɗaya ba ne kawai daga cikin dabbobi da aka fi samunsu a dabbobi, amma kuma wasu daga cikin ƙaunatattun. Abin da yaro zai bar zoo ba tare da ya ga raƙumi ba! Da alama babu wani lokaci a tarihin Zoo na Moscow lokacin da muke zaune ba tare da raƙuma ba, haka ma, an kiyaye raƙuma biyu masu rai biyu da ɗayan. Kowannensu yana da halayensa, al'adunsa. Rakumi ɗaya-humped, Pan, bugge ne, kuma duk lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama mutumin da yake wucewa ta hanyar. Kuma babban mutum-mutumin Senya, wanda ya zo mana da VDNH, ya yi akasin haka, kyakkyawan mutumin kirki ne.
Lokacin da gidan dabbobi ke karkashin sake gina dabbobi, an tura dabbobi daga wannan yanki zuwa wani. Raƙumar Manka, aminin Senina, ta kasance mai daraja gabaɗaya kuma kawai ta tafi kiran wani aboki wanda ke riƙe da ɗan burodi a hannunsa. Kuma wani abin ban dariya ya faru da Senya. Ma'aikatan ba su san cewa ya saba da bakin amaryar ba kuma suna tsammanin za a cire raƙumi daga wannan kayan. Senya, cikin farin ciki, amma ba tare da bata lokaci ba, ya tura babbar goshinsa zuwa ga wani mutum da gada, wanda hakan ya haifar da tsoro sosai. Ya juya ga cewa ya yi farin ciki da wani abu da ya saba da shi tun yana ƙarami, kuma, bayan ya yi farin ciki da ya saka mayafin, cikin nutsuwa ya haye hanyar Bolshaya Gruzinskaya.
Yanzu ana iya ganin rakumi a cikin Sabon Gari na gidan ajiyar dabbobi, aviary yana tsakiyar ƙofar zuwa Exotarium. Wannan mace ce, ta fito ne daga yankin Astrakhan sama da shekaru 20 da suka gabata kuma yanzu suna zaune tare da dawakan Przhealsky, kuma wannan kamfani ya dace da kowa. Dabbobin ba sa nuna ƙaramar ƙiyayya ga juna, duk da haka, idan doki ya matse kunnuwa (kuma wannan alama ce ta nuna rashin jin daɗin), raƙumi ya fita. Rakumi yakan zo ga baƙi waɗanda ke warwatse tare da kuwwa: "Oh, yanzu zai zube!" Babu buƙatar tsoro, wannan dabbar mai ƙaunar zaman lafiya tana yaduwa da wuya, kawai a cikin likitan dabbobi lokacin da aka yi musu rigakafin. Ba kwa kwa buƙatar ciyar da shi ko dai, duk dabbobin da ke cikin gidan za su sami abincin da suke buƙata kuma mai kyau. An ba da raƙumi hay, rassan (wanda ya fi son hay), cakuda kayan lambu da abinci mai ƙanshi. Tabbatar samun solonetz tare da saiti na musamman na salts a cikin trough. Dabbar tana zuwa don yin magana da kai. Yi masa murmushi!
Halin camel
Rakumi suna zaune a cikin garken mutane 5-20, wanda ya ƙunshi jagorar maza masu iko, mace da dabbobi. Maza manya sukan zauna sau ɗaya a lokaci guda.
A cikin yanayin dabi'a, raƙuman daji suna motsawa daga wannan yanki zuwa wani, suna fifita dutse, filin hamada, filayen kwari da ƙafafun rayuwa, nesa ba kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ko jikin ruwa ba. Zasu iya hawa tsaunuka. A lokacin rana, raƙuma rufe 80-90 km. A cikin hunturu, yi ƙaura kilomita 300-600 zuwa kudu.
Rakuma suna aiki yayin awoyi na hasken rana. Yawancin lokaci suna bacci da dare. A cikin mummunan yanayi, suna ɓoye cikin bushes, kwari.
Raƙuma na daji suna da muni sabanin nau'in gida mai nutsuwa. Amma a lokaci guda suna da hankali da matuƙar jin kunya, suna gudu idan akwai haɗari, haɓaka saurin har zuwa 65 km / h.
Kiwo mai kamara
Mata da maza na raƙumi suna balaga a cikin shekaru 3-5. Gudu yana farawa a cikin faɗuwa. Maza yayin wannan lokacin suna matukar tayarda hankali. Suna kaiwa juna hari, suna ruri da karfi, suna gudu. A wannan halin, namiji hadari ne ga mutane da dabbobi.
Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara, raƙum mace ta kawo raƙumi ɗaya. Ciki yakan kai watanni 13. An haɗu da raƙuma a cikin bazara, a cikin Maris-Afrilu, tare da nauyin jiki na kimanin kilogram 36 da tsawo na kimanin cm 90. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i, za su iya bin mahaifiyarsu. Ciyarwa yana daga watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 1.5.
Raƙuman dabbobi na da hankali sosai ga zuriyarsu. Rakumi yana zaune tare da mahaifiya har zuwa lokacin balaga, bayan haka maza suka fara zama dabam, matan kuma suna cikin garken uwayen.
A cikin yanayin yanayi, raƙuma suna rayuwa daga shekaru 40 zuwa 50.
Gida na Kamal
Harshen kamal mai kafa biyu ya faru ne kafin 1000 BC. e. Don haka, hoton rakumin da wani mutum ya jagoranta a karkashin gado an nuna shi ne a jikin Black Obelisk na sarkin Assuriyawan Salmanasar III (IX karni BC). A cikin Turai, raƙumi mai rago biyu ya dawwama ya kasance dabba da ba a sani ba.
Raƙuman daji na cikin gida ya zama ruwan dare a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Babban dabbar dabbobi ne na Mongolia da China (kimanin mutane miliyan biyu), an kuma rarraba a Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan da Asia ta Tsakiya. Baya ga kasashen da ke da kiwo na gargajiya, ana samun rakumi mai rakumi biyu a cikin New Zealand, Amurka, Iran da Pakistan. A cikin wuraren kiwo na raƙumi biyu, yana da mahimmanci tattalin arziki azaman fakiti da dabbobin dabba, kuma a matsayin tushen madara, nama da fata.
Mazauna suna ajiye raƙuma a cikin kiwo, tare da yanayin rayuwa - ba tare da leash a cikin garken ba ko a ƙarƙashin rumfa. Bargaren yakamata ya bushe, kwankin hay, ciyayi da ciyayi a kai a kai ya canza. A cikin tsananin sanyi, raƙuma suna rufe da barguna.
Raƙumi mai raƙumi mai aiki biyu yana da matukar ƙarfi da juriya ga tsauraran yanayi: babba da ƙarancin zafi, rashin abinci da ruwa. A cikin rana, yana da ikon rufe kilomita 30-40 a kowace rana tare da fakitoci na kilogiram 250-300. Fiye da kilomita 100 a kowace rana ya wuce ƙarƙashin mahaya a gudun 10-12 km / h.
Gudanar da raƙumi yafi wahala fiye da doki, saboda yana da taurin kai. A kiyaye dabba ma quite whimsical.
Naman naman rakumi mai goge biyu mai yuwuwa ne, mai daɗi a cikin raƙuma matasa. Ya dandani kamar nama game, amma tare da mai dadi aftertaste. Ana amfani da Camel sosai a abinci a cikin ƙasashe inda ake yanka raƙuma bisa al'ada. Ana shirya jita-jita na nama na kasa daga gare ta (alal misali, beshbarmak).
Wani muhimmin samfurin abinci shine mai mai raƙumi mai raƙumi. An ci da ɗanɗano da ɗumi bayan an yanka, ana ɗaukar abincinta, ana kuma amfani da mai mai mai narkewa don narkewa.
Mutanen Asiya da madara na raƙumi ana yaba su sosai. Yakan yi kiba fiye da saniya, tana da daɗi, amma yawan madara ba su da yawa. Sanannen abin sha bisa madara mai raƙumi mai laushi - shubat, analogue na koumiss.
Ulu na farin kwasfa abu ne mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda samfurori daga gare ta suke da dumin jiki. Ana amfani dashi don yin sutura don 'yan saman jannati, masu binciken polar, da iri-iri.
Ana amfani da fata mai laushi da tauri na raƙuma don kayan sana'a daban-daban (takalma na sama, bulala, belts).
Ana amfani da taki na raƙuma na cikin gida azaman man don foci, baya buƙatar bushewa mai tsawo kuma yana ba ƙarami, har ma, mai zafi da hayaki mara wuta.
Bayanan Gaske:
- Sunan Rasha "raƙumi" ya fito ne daga Pre-Slavic, a cikin kalmar Gothic da aka aro ta sosai "ulbandus", wanda ke fassara a matsayin "giwa". An ambaci rakodin a cikin Tatsunun shekaru na Bygone.
- A Mongolia da China, an kirkiro wuraren adana yanayi don adana yawan raƙuman daji.
- An nuna hoton rakumi mai raƙumi biyu akan kayan alakar na Kara-Kum, kodayake ba su da yawa a cikin jejin Karakum, ana raƙumi raƙuma ɗaya a wurin.
- Zakaran Sambo mai yawa Olzhas Kairat-uly (Kazakhstan) ya dauko wani rakumi mai rakumi biyu ya dauke shi mita 16.
Rakumi - Kattai biyu tare da kumbura biyu
Girman mutum biyu-biyu na duka raƙuma yana da iko na musamman don rayuwa cikin yanayin da ke lalata sauran halittu masu rai.
Dogaro da fa'ida ga mutum yayi rakumi tun zamanin da, abokin zama na mazaunan Asiya, Mongolia, Buryatia, Sin da sauran yankuna tare da yanayin bushewa.
Siffofi da mazaunin rakumi mai rago biyu
Akwai manyan nau'ikan biyu Raƙuman mahaifa. Sunaye ƙananan raƙuman daji a ƙasar Mongolia sune Haptagai, kuma raƙuman gida na yau da kullun sune Bactrian.
An lissafa wakilai na daji a cikin littafin Red saboda barazanar lalata ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan mutane. Shahararren mai binciken N.M. ya fara rubuta labarin su. Przhevalsky.
An nuna kwatancin raƙuman gidaje akan tsoffin kananan ofisoshi waɗanda suka fara tun karni na 4. B. Yawan ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi mutane miliyan biyu.
Har wa yau rakumi - jigilar kayayyaki da ba makawa ga mutane a cikin jeji, an daɗe ana amfani da namansa, ulu, madara, har ma da kayan abinci.
Bactrian kiwo ne yawanci ga mazaunan dutse, yankunan hamada tare da karancin ruwan, yankuna piedmont tare da ciyayi mai tsalle. Inda zaka iya samun rakumin dromedary-humpedic daya.
Rainan ƙananan ruwan sama ko kuma bankunan kogi suna jawo raƙuma na daji zuwa rami na ruwa don cike gurbin ajiyar. A cikin hunturu, suna isa da dusar ƙanƙara.
Haptagai ya shawo kan nisan tafiyar har zuwa 90 km a kowace rana don neman abinci musamman maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.
Girman manyan ƙwararrun maza biyu masu ban sha'awa suna da ban sha'awa: har zuwa 2.7 m a tsayi da nauyin jikin mutum ya kai kilogiram 1000. Mace sun ɗan rage kaɗan: nauyi zuwa 500-800 kg. Gashin yana da tsawon mita 0.5 tare da tassel.
Hanya madaidaiciya suna nuna cikakkiyar dabba. A cikin yunwar jin yunwa, sun ɗan yi wani diddige.
An daidaita kafafu don motsawa akan shimfidar kwance ko kuma gangara mai dutse, suna da ƙafafun ƙafafun akan matattarar masara mai fadi.
Gashi wani nau'i ne mai kama da kambori ko kuma kaman kofasshen ƙyallen. Callosus callosum yana rufe gwiwoyin gaban da kirjin dabba. A cikin mutane daji, ba su nan, kuma yanayin jikinsa ya fi karkata.
Babban kai mai motsi ne a wuyan wuyansa. Idanu masu kwalliya suna rufe da layuka biyu na gashin ido. A cikin sandstorms, suna rufe ba kawai idanu ba, har ma da tsinke-kamar hanci.
Leɓar leɓar babba tana halayyar wakilan raƙumi waɗanda aka shayar dasu, an daidaita dasu don abinci mai wuya. Kunnuwa sun yi ƙarami, kusan babu nisa daga nesa.
Muryar kamar kukan jaki ne, ba mutumin da yafi so. Dabba yakan yi ruri idan ya tashi ko ya faɗi tare da ɗaukar kaya.
Launin launi na ulu mai launuka daban-daban: daga fari zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Jawo gashin gashi yana kama da na bears ko na dusar kankara.
Babu komai a cikin hairs da kayan kwalliyar ciki suna taimakawa kare kariya daga zafi da zafi.
Molting faruwa a cikin bazara, kuma raƙuma "Gashi" daga saurin asarar ulu. Bayan kimanin makonni uku, sabon gashi mai furfura, ya girma, wanda ya zama tsawon lokaci ta hunturu, daga 7 zuwa 30 cm.
Yawan tara kitse a cikin humps har zuwa kilogiram 150 bawai shine wadatar abinci ba, amma yana kare kariyar zafi, saboda yadda hasken rana yafi tasiri a bayan dabba.
'Yan Bactiyawa suna dacewa da yanayin zafi mai zafi da masu tsananin zafi. Babban bukatar rayuwarsu shine bushewar yanayin, danshi da suke jurewa da talauci.
Yanayi da salon rakumi mai rago biyu
A cikin yanayin daji raƙuma sun fi dacewa su zauna, amma kullum suna wucewa cikin yankuna na hamada, filayen dutse da ƙafar ƙafa a cikin manyan wurare masu alama.
Haptagai yana motsawa daga maɓallin ruwa mai saurin zuwa wani don sake cika mahimman ajiyar.
Yawancin lokaci ana kiyaye mutane 5-20 tare. Babban shugaban garken shine babban namiji. Ana bayyanar da aiki yayin rana, kuma a cikin duhu, raƙumi yakan yi barci ko kuma ya kasance yana nuna halin ko in kula.
A lokacin guguwa tana kwance tsawon kwanaki, a cikin zafin rana sukan hau sama don zafi ko ɓoyewa a cikin kwari da kwari.
Abokan daji suna jin kunya da tsoratarwa, sabanin matsoraci, amma baƙaƙen Bactiyawa. Haptagai suna da ƙarfin gani, suna gudu tare da haɗari, haɓaka saurin har zuwa kilomita 60 / h.
Zasu iya aiki na tsawon kwanaki 2-3 har zuwa gaji. Gidajen Bactrian na cikin gida ji kamar abokan gaba da tsoro tare da Wolves, damisa. Hayaƙin wuta yana firgita su.
Masu binciken sun lura cewa girman da karfin halitta basa ajiye manyan Kattai saboda karamin hankalinsu.
Lokacin da kyarkeci ya kawo hari, ba sa tunanin yin kare kansu, kawai suna kururuwa da tofa. Har ma crows na iya tursasa raunukan dabbobi da abubuwa masu nauyi, rakumi ya nuna rashin tsaro.
A cikin yanayin fusata, fesawa ba karamin zubar da ciki ba ne, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani, amma abubuwan da ke ciki sun tara ciki.
Rayuwar dabbobi ta zama ƙarƙashin mutum. A cikin yanayin zalunci, suna jagoranci siffar kakaninsu. Maza da suka manyanta maza za su iya zama su kadai.
A lokacin hunturu raƙuma Abu ne mafi wahala fiye da sauran dabbobi don motsawa cikin dusar ƙanƙara Ba za su iya tono abincin a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara ba saboda ƙarancin hooves.
Akwai aiwatar da kiwo na hunturu, da farko na dawakan da suka dusar da dusar ƙanƙara, sannan raƙumadauko ragowar abincin.
Ciyarwa daga baranda
M abinci mai ƙoshin abinci yana ƙoshin zuciyar abincin Kattai biyu masu rauni. Raƙuman daji masu ban sha'awa suna ciyar da irin waɗannan tsirrai tare da ƙaya, waɗanda sauran dabbobi kuma za su ƙi.
Yawancin nau'in ƙawanin fure na haɗe ne a cikin tushen abinci: reaukar ciyawa, ganyaye da rassan ganyayyaki, albasa, da ciyawa mai laushi.
Zasu iya ciyar da ragowar ƙasusuwa na dabbobi da konkoma karãtunsa, har ma abubuwan da aka yi daga gare su, in babu sauran abinci.
Idan tsire-tsire suna cikin abinci, to, dabba na iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba har tsawon makonni uku. Lokacin da tushen ya kasance, suna sha a kan matsakaici sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 3-4.
Manyan daji suna cinye ma ruwa mara nauyi ba tare da cutar da lafiyar su ba. Mutanen gida suna guje masa, amma suna buƙatar gishiri.
Bayan tsananin rashin ruwa a lokaci guda rakumi biyu iya sha har zuwa lita 100 na ruwa.
Yanayin baiwa raƙuma ikon jure tsawon azumi. Talauci na abinci ba ya cutar da lafiyar jikin mutum.
Yawan abinci mai gina jiki yana haifar da kiba da rashin aiki gabobin jiki. A cikin ciyarwar gida, raƙuma ba na fure bane, suna ciyar da hay, burodin abinci, hatsi.
Kiwo da tsawon rayuwa rakumi mai kafa biyu
Balaga raƙuma yana faruwa ne kimanin shekaru 3-4. Mata suna gaban mazajen ci gaba. A cikin kaka, lokacin mating yana farawa.
Rashin jituwa yana bayyana a cikin hargagi, amai, kumfa, da kuma yawan kai hari ga kowa.
Don guje wa haɗari, raƙuman maza na gida an ɗaure su da alama tare da suturar gargaɗi ko rabuwa da wasu.
Maza suna yin faɗa, suna bugi abokin hamayya da cizo. A cikin kishi, sun ji rauni kuma suna iya mutuwa a cikin irin wannan yaƙin idan makiyaya ba su shiga tsakani da kare masu rauni ba.
Rakunan daji na Bactrian A lokacin balaga sun yi ƙarfin zuciya kuma suna ƙoƙari su ɗauke mata gida, kuma maza, abin ya faru, ana kashe su.
Haihuwa na mace har zuwa watanni 13, a cikin bazara an haifi jariri wanda yake nauyin kilogram 45, insan tagwaye ba su da yawa.
Bayan sa'o'i biyu bayan haka, jaririn yayi tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsa kai tsaye. Ciyar da madara ya kai shekaru 1.5.
Kulawa da zuriya an bayyana a bayyane kuma zai kasance har zuwa lokacin balaga. Saannan maza sun tafi don ƙirƙirar haila, kuma mace ta kasance a cikin garken uwar.
Don karfafa halaye da girma, ana amfani da nau'ikan shinge daban-daban: 'Ya'yan halittar raƙumi ɗaya da raƙumi biyu - BIRTUGAN (namiji) da MATA (mace). A sakamakon haka, yanayi ya bar ruguje daya, amma ya hade gaba daya bayan dabbar.
Tsawon rayuwa rakumi biyu a yanayi kusan shekaru 40 kenan. Tare da kulawa da kyau, ma'aikatan gida suna ƙara rayuwarsu ta shekaru 5-7.
Zumunci tsakanin Bactrian da Dromedary
Dangane da burbushin raƙuman da aka samo, an yanke cewa kakanninsu asalinsu suna zaune ne a Arewacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikinsu sun ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Amurka, wasu kuma ta Bering Isthmus zuwa Asiya. Rarraba cikin dromedaries da Bactrian ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata. Dabbobin da ba su da gado daya sun bayyana ne yayin juyin halitta daga baya fiye da danginsu masu gado biyu.
Dukkan nau'ikan biyu sun hadu kuma suna haifar da wasu yara masu yawa, waɗanda ake kira bunks ko iners (a al'adun Turai, Turkoman).
Hybrids sun kasance kamar dromedars, ana kwatanta su da ƙaruwa mai mahimmanci, mafi kyawun halaye na jiki da nauyin nauyin 1000-1100. An yi amfani da Nars sosai don jigilar kayayyaki a Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran da Turkey. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar maza, kuma an bar mata don aikin kiwo.
Cututtukan dabbobi
Raƙuman mahaifa suna ƙarƙashin cututtuka da yawa. Cutar da ta fi kamuwa da ita ita ce tarin fuka, wacce suke yawan fama da rashin lafiya idan suka shiga wani yanki mai lalacewa. Cutar su ta biyu mafi yawanci shine tetanus, wanda ke shafar tsarin jijiya, yana haifar da jijiyoyi da tashin hankali na tsoka. Ya bayyana ne musamman bayan karbar raunuka daban-daban, musamman a lokacin kiwo. A fata galibi yakan shafi microflora na pathogenic, yana haifar da mycoses da dermatophytosis.
Kwayar na numfashi tana kamuwa da ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarancin halittar Dictyocaulus cameli lokacin da ake shan ruwa daga magudanar ruwa. Cutar ana lura dashi musamman a lokacin bazara da bazara a tsakanin dabbobi sama da shekaru 3. Suna haifar da tari, fitarwar launin toka daga hancin hancinsa, da babban asara mai nauyi, dukkansu suna haifar da mutuwa. Dipetalonema evanse nematodes suna shafar zuciya, huhu, wurare dabam dabam da kuma tsarin halittar jini. Suna shiga jikin ta ta cizon sauro kuma suna iya zama a ciki har zuwa shekaru 7.
'Yan kunan kaka (Stomoxys calcitrans) suna kwanciya qwai a saman jikin, daga inda larvae yake fitowa. Suna lalata ƙwayar mucous, a hankali suna haɓakawa a ciki har zuwa ƙarshen bazara na shekara mai zuwa. Coccidiosis yana faruwa ne yayin tafiya Bactrian a cikin ruwan sama ko a cikin ɗakunan damp, lalacewa ta hanyar protozoa na ajin Coccidia. Cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna nuna ƙarancin huhu, zawo, amai, da fata mai launin shuɗi.
Dangantaka da mutane
Baƙi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar yau da kullun al localumma. Ana amfani dasu don hawa, azaman ikon daftarin tsari kuma tushen tushen nama, madara da fata. Daga cikin kabilun nomadic ko kuma rabin-nomadic ana daukar su kyautuka masu mahimmanci sannan kuma abubuwa ne da suka saba a matsayin sadakin amarya.
Rakumi mai rakumi biyu yana da ikon yin jigilar kaya mai nauyin 260-300 a kan nesa 40 kilomita a rana, yana motsawa da sauri na kimanin kilomita 5 / h kuma yana nuna babban ƙarfin hali idan aka kwatanta da dawakai da jakuna. Harnessed a cikin keken doki, sai ya ja ledoji sau 3-4.
Nama naman raƙumi ana cinye shi, yana bambanta da tausayi tsakanin raƙuma. Don dandana, yana kama da wasa ko rago kuma gourmets yana da matukar daraja. Naman raƙuman da suka manyanta ya kusanto da naman sa kuma yana da wahala sosai, saboda haka galibin matasa matasa yan ƙasa da shekara 2.5 ke yanka. Ana cin abinci sabo da gishiri. A wurare da yawa, an san mai kitse azaman abin cin abinci mai ɗanɗano kuma ana cin shi kai tsaye bayan yanka dabba har yanzu yana da zafi.
Unguwannin Rakumi yana da kyawawan kayan kwantar da hankali kuma ana amfani dashi don yin sutura, musamman don masu binciken polar, 'yan saman jannati da kuma masu jan ruwa. A cikin inganci, ana kwatanta shi da merino ulu. Don aski ɗaya, zaku iya samun kilogiram 6-10 na ulu. Tsofaffi sukan yi kiwon sau biyu a shekara, kuma matasa sau ɗaya. Daga 1 kilogiram na ulu ana samun murabba'in mita 3.5-4. m saƙa. Wannan ya isa ya sanya saƙa guda biyu.
Yawan kitse na madarar rakumi ya kai 5-6%. Rakumi a matsakaita kullun yana ba da lita 5 na madara, matsakaicin lita 15. A lokacin lactation, zai iya samar da lita 5000 zuwa 7500 na kayan masarufi.
Ruwan madara yana da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi, saboda haka ana samun mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da shi don ƙarin magani mai zafi. Tana da kaddarorin magunguna, ta ƙunshi karuwar abubuwan kariya, lipids, baƙin ƙarfe, alli da bitamin C. A Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan, ana tafasa, ana samun madarar ruwan sha na shubat (chal). Ana amfani dashi wajen maganin asma, tarin fuka, ciwon suga, cututtukan psoriasis da cututtukan hanta.
Fata yana zuwa samar da takalma da bel. Fresh excrement sosai bushe, sabili da haka, bayan ƙarancin bushewa na farko, ya riga ya dace don amfani da nau'in man. Lokacin da aka ƙone su, suna ba da wuta mai yawa da hayaki kaɗan. Kowace shekara, masana'antar ƙasa guda ɗaya tak tana fitar da tan 1 tan na taki.