Grouse ɗan tsuntsu ne wanda ya saba da ƙuruciya. Yawancin karin karin magana, karin magana da tatsuniyoyi game da wannan zuriya mazaunin gandun daji, wanda ya fi fice a cikinsu shine “Fox da Grouse”. A can an nuna masa mai hankali, mai hankali kuma mai kamewa, wanda, a ƙarshe, ya tserar da shi daga dabarun Fox. Masu ilimin halittar ne kawai ke binciken wannan tsuntsu da mafaraucinsu sun san wannan tsintsiyar baƙar fata iri ɗaya a zahiri, a cikin abin da an dauki amarya a matsayin wasa mai mahimmanci na ƙarni kuma wanda, dangane da halayen wannan tsuntsu, waɗanda suka kirkiro hanyoyi masu yawa na farauta don wannan gandun daji mai kyan gani.

Bayyanar

Girgi ɗaya babban tsuntsu ne, girmansa, gwargwadon jinsi, na iya zama daga 40 zuwa 58 cm, kuma nauyi - daga 0.7 zuwa 1.4 kg, bi da bi. Kansa karami ne, tare da guntun gajere. Jiki ya kasance babba, amma ba mai yawa ba, wuyansa yana da tsawo, tare da lanƙwasa kyauta. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, na gani saboda yatsunsu waɗanda ke rufe su da tushe, suna da kauri.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Siffar halayyar mazan shine muryar su. A lokacin ma'aurata, maza suna yin sautikan da suke daidai da juna kamar gurgling da ƙaura. Kuma mace tana jan tsiya kamar kaji.

Groan takalmin baƙar fata yana da yatsun ƙafa huɗu a kowane kafa, uku daga cikinsu ana fuskantar gaba, na huɗu yana tsayayya da su. Hannun fulawa suna da ƙarfi sosai. Fuka-fukan suna da ƙarfi, an rufe su da gashin fuka-furuka masu tsayi, ba tare da wanda tsuntsu ba zai iya yi yayin tashin jirgi.

Halayya, salon rayuwa

Girma - tsuntsaye masu aiki na yau da kullun, suna fifita zama a cikin manyan garke a koyaushe, ban da lokacin da muke ciki, kuma, a cikin garken, ana iya samun mutum 200-300. Mafi yawan lokuta, baƙon tumaki baƙi ne gauraye, ƙasa da kullun sune waɗanda akwai mazaje kawai, amma garken da suka ƙunshi kaɗai mata ne da wuya. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun, kuma a lokacin rani, lokacin da yake da zafi musamman lokacin rana, suna aiki da safe da safiya kafin faɗuwar rana.

A lokacin rana sun gwammace su zauna a bishiyoyi, a tsakanin gunbin rassan bishiyoyi: a can ake samun wadataccen abinci a rana kuma a can an kubutar dasu daga mafi yawan masu filayen filaye.. Yawancin baƙar fata baƙar fata ne marasa galihu. A lokacin awowi na aiki, suna tafiya na dogon lokaci a ƙasa, harma suna iya yin bacci a wurin, a wani gungu mai tarin yawa na bushes ko a cikin fadama a kan girgiza. Kodayake, akasari, bishiyoyi an fi son su azaman dare na dare: yana da nutsuwa kuma mafi aminci a wurin sama da ƙasa.

Suna hawa bishiyar daidai, don a iya kiran su tsuntsayen ƙasa da na itace daidai. Da alama ba za a iya yarda da shi ba, amma baƙar fata baƙi sun iya amincewa da zama ko da kuwa a kan ƙananan rassan, waɗanda ba za su iya jure nauyin su ba. Waɗannan halittu ne masu kulawa, waɗanda ji da gani suke haɓaka cikakke, yayin da mata suke yin aiki da hankali fiye da maza kuma idan haɗari sune farkon waɗanda zasu ba da alaararrawa, bayan haka an cire garken gaba ɗaya kuma suka gudu zuwa wani, mafi aminci.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Groan tsana, duk da girman sa, yana tashi da sauri: saurin jirgin sa na iya zama kilomita 100 / h, kuma yana iya tashi daga nesa idan haɗari ya kasance a cikin nisan nisan mil da dama.

A cikin hunturu, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun gina tsari a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, inda a cikin tsananin sanyi suke iya zama kusan yini ɗaya. Don yin wannan, mafi yawanci tare da farawar yamma, baƙar fata ta kankara ta kan mutu daga reshe na itace zuwa cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi kuma, dusar ƙanƙara, har da tura shi da jikinta, yana yin rami har zuwa 50 cm zurfi a ciki.

Wannan mafaka ce mai cikakken kariya, musamman tunda baƙar fata, kasancewar a cikin taskokinsu, suna jin matakan ƙaƙƙarfan maƙiyan kuma sun sami damar barin matsugunansu su tashi, idan ya cancanta, kafin ya kusanto nesa mai haɗari.

Babban abin tashin hankali wanda zai iya jawo sirrin baki a cikin raminsa shine dumama na lokaci-lokaci da kuma samar da jiko a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda yin ƙarar tsuntsaye ba aiki bane mai sauƙi. Bayan fara bazara, garken ya watse, kuma maza suka fara tattarawa a kan igiyoyin, inda, a cikin tsammanin mace, kwandon shara a farkon zafin rana.

General halaye

Usein baƙi (ba baƙar fata ba baki) suna cikin iyali mai saɓani. Yawan nauyin mutum, gwargwadon jima'i, ya kasance daga 700 g zuwa 1.5 kg. Tsawon jikin yana kusan cm 45-60. Uwar mace tayi ƙanƙanta fiye da wakilcin rabin ƙarfi. Akwai wasu bambance-bambance masu kayatarwa tsakanin maza da mata.

Maza suna da haske sosai. Bakinsu mai launin baƙar fata yana da kayan adon ƙarfe ko ƙyalƙyali mai ruwan shuɗi. A fuka-fuki da ciki akwai launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa. A jikinsa akwai tabo halayen dabi'un, a jikin madubi, da alamomi masu kama a jikin fuka-fukan tashi.

Mace (tsofaffi) an rufe shi da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da launin ruwan ƙasa, launin ruwan kasa da aibobi masu duhu. Yana da sauƙi a rikice shi tare da wata mace capercaillie, duk da haka, yana da alamun madubi a jikin fikafikan, har ma da ƙananan shigar da hankali a cikin wutsiya.

Inda tsuntsaye suke rayuwa a cikin daji

Ana iya samun Grouse a cikin Tsohuwar Duniya, har ma a cikin ƙasashen Asiya. Tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin Scotland, a tsibiran Great Britain, Scandinavian Peninsula, a cikin Ussuri Territory, a China, Jamus, Netherlands, da Belgium.

Dangane da wuraren da ake yin ciyawa, wadannan tsuntsayen suna zabi wuraren da ke da ciyayi mai tsayi, da shukoki, da kuma wuraren samun ruwa na kusa. Amma duhun kurmin duhu na amarya ba a kiyaye shi. A can ya kasance da haɗari sosai, saboda a irin waɗannan wurare yana cike da masu farauta.

Tsuntsayen suna jagorantar rayuwarsu ta ƙaƙƙarfan rayuwa tare da wacce take zaune. Yawan jama'ar Nomadic suna zaune ne a yankuna masu sanyi. Don hunturu, baƙar fata baƙar fata ta motsa zuwa kudu. Masana kimiyyar kere-kere da masana kimiyyar halittu suna nuna yanayin son sani. Useara yawan aikin ƙaura lokaci-lokaci yana ƙaruwa cikin wasu shekaru. Wannan yana da alaƙa da haɓaka yawan alƙarya, waɗanda ke zama maƙil a cikin yanki ɗaya.

Dimorphism na jima'i

Nuna jima'i a cikin amarya baƙar fata an ba da sanarwar: mata ba su da yawa kaɗan da yawa a cikin maza, amma kuma sun sha bamban da su sosai da launin launinsu. Plarfin jikin maciji mai launin baki ne, mai cike da kyashi mai kaɗa kore ko shuɗi, a wuya, wuya, wuya da ƙananan baya. A saman idanunsa sune girare masu launin shuɗi mai zurfi. Abun baya na ciki mai launin shuɗi, tare da nasihun gashin fuka-fukan. Rtaarshen farin abu fari ne, yana bambantawa. A kan gashin fuka-fukan launin furanni duhu akwai kuma wasu farin tabo waɗanda ake kira “madubai”. Extremearshen gashin gashin wutsiya yana lanƙwasa zuwa gaɓoyun, yana sa siffar wutsiyar tayi kama da saƙo. Launinsu mai tsananin baƙar fata ne da adon launin shuɗi a kan kololuwan.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Launin 'yan tsuntsaye, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, iri ɗaya ne: duka mace da mace a lokacin samari suna da launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launuka daban-daban, waɗanda suka kunshi launuka masu launin baƙi launin ruwan kasa, launin shuɗi-fari da fari mai ratsin fari da aibobi.

Mace a cikin takalmin baƙar fata an yi ta zane-zane sosai: yana da launin ruwan hoda-ja da launin shuɗi, launin rawaya mai ruwan shuɗi. Tana da madubai a jikin fikafikan fuka-fukai, duk da haka, a kan wani yanayi mai launin ja, ba su bambanta da na namiji. A wutsiyar mace akwai karamin shiga ciki, kuma kamar yadda yake a cikin namiji, gindinta na launin fari ne.

Abubuwan da ake son abinci

Kashin zaki daga cikin abincin baƙar fata shine abincin asalinsa. Abun da ake son ya bambanta ya danganta da kasancewar wasu tsirrai na lokutan. A cikin watannin bazara yana daɗaɗa, larch, ciyawa auduga. A cikin kaka, abincin ya fi bambanta yawa, kamar yadda berries ke bayyana a yalwace. Daga cikin bukukuwan bukukuwan da ake so: bikin 'ya'yan itace na shuki, lingonberries da blueberries. Na hatsi ya fi son hatsi alkama. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna gamsu da haushi mai laushi.

Amma ga kajin, galibinsu ne ke ciyar da su. Bayan da ya balaga, yaduwar matasa tana buƙatar su ƙarancin girma kuma yana zuwa menu na masu cin ganyayyaki.

Iri Girma

A halin yanzu, nau'ikan fararen baƙar fata biyu da ke zaune a Turai an san su: wannan shine baƙar fata, wanda kuma ake kira filin girkin da ƙungiyar Caucasian. A lokaci guda, masana kimiyya sun bambanta rago bakwai ko takwas na amarya baƙar fata da ke zaune a yankuna daban daban na mazauninta. A waje, waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna da kama sosai, in banda wannan baƙar fata na Caucasian yana ƙarami: girmanta baya wuce 50-55 cm, kuma nauyinta shine 1.1 kg.

Banbancin launuka daban daban kuma ana ganinsu: a cikin murhun bakaken fata yana da laushi, kusan ba shi da sheki, baya ga ambaton launi, kuma babu “madubai” akan fikafikai.. Wutsiyar wannan nau'in tana da ɗan bambanci a sifa: tana da sirara, amma a lokaci guda kuma tana daɗaɗa. Fuka-fukan wutsiya a cikin wutsiya sun fi kunkuntar, amma kuma sunfi tsayi daga na baki. Mata daga cikin takalmin baƙar fata na Caucasian ana fentin su a cikin zane mai launi, mai launi, wanda aka yi wa ado da ruwan duhu.

Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin Caucasus a Rasha da Turkiyya. Hakanan an samo shi a Azerbaijan, Armenia da Georgia. Abubuwan da ya fi so a ciki shine tsirrai na rhododendron da kuma kwatangwalo, shima wannan tsuntsu yana zaune a cikin kananan garuruwa, galibi an rufe shi da Birch da Juniper. Caucasian baƙar fata tsintsiya madaidaiciya suna ciyar da tsire-tsire, ciyawa, kwari. A cikin hunturu, an cinye buds da catkins na Birch, tsaba da berries ana ci.

Habitat, mazauni

Groan fararen fata yana zaune a cikin gandun daji, dajin-daji da kuma tuddai na Eurasia, yana farawa daga Alps da tsibirin Biritaniya a kan iyakar yamma da iyakarta kuma ya ƙare tare da Ussuri Territory da Koriya ta Koriya a gabas.

A lokaci guda, iyakokin kewayon suna da sharaɗi, tunda sun dogara da yawa akan adadin tsuntsayen da canje-canje na al'adu a cikin yanayin ƙasa. Kuma a wasu yankuna inda baƙar fata ke amfani da yaɗuwa, yanzu sun lalace saboda ayyukan ɗan adam, kamar yadda ya faru, a gabashin Sudetenland.

A cikin Rasha, wannan tsuntsu yana zaune daga Kola Peninsula da yankin Arkhangelsk a arewacin zuwa yankuna na Kursk, Voronezh, Volgograd da kuma gandun-gwai na Altai a kudu. Usesungiyoyin ƙauyuka sun fi son su zauna a cikin ɓarna, coan ƙaramin gidaje da kuma a cikin dazuzzuka, inda akwai berries da yawa. Hakanan yana faruwa a cikin kwarin kogi, tare da kan iyakar fadama, ciyawar makiyaya ko filayen noma. A cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, suna ƙoƙarin kada su daidaita, amma zasu iya fada cikin ƙauna tare da fadada mai yawa ko wani wurin da wutar daji ta taɓa faruwa sau ɗaya kuma itaciyar ba ta sami nasarar yin girma ba.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ƙaunar zaunawa cikin gandun daji na birch kuma sun fi son su ga dukkan sauran shimfidar wurare. Amma a Yammacin Yammacin Turai, baƙar fata ya daɗe yana zaɓar mazaunin yankuna a matsayin wurin zama, kuma a cikin Ukraine da Kazakhstan - ciyawar daji mai yawa.

Rarraba abinci

Girma - tsuntsu herbivorous, aƙalla manya sun fi son cin abincin shuka. A cikin watanni masu zafi, suna cin shudi, shukakkun furanni, cranberries ko lingonberries da tsire-tsire irin na Clover ko kuma shaho. Hakanan suna ciyarwa a cikin filayen da ake shuka amfanin gona, yayin da suka fi son alkama da hatsi.

A cikin hunturu, baƙar fata baƙar fata da ke rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi na birch suna ciyar da harbe, fure, ko kayan adon birrai. Kuma tsuntsayen zaune a wuraren da Birch ba ya girma dole ne gamsu da wasu abinci: needles na spruce da Juniper, harbe na larch, matasa Pine Cones, kazalika da buds na Alder ko Willow.
Yara dabbobi a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari sosai, amma daga baya, yayin da suka girma, sun canza zuwa shuka abinci.

Kiwo da zuriya

Tun daga farkon bazara, mazinaci baƙi ke yin taro a kan abin da ake kira gawawwakin yanzu, waɗanda suke zaɓar makiyaya, bakin kwari ko ɓarin daji mai natsuwa. A cikin ɗayan share wannan za'a iya tara maza biyu, kuma wani lokacin ƙari. Girma kololuwa na faruwa ne a rabin na biyu na Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin, kowane ɗayan maza suna ƙoƙari su mamaye shafin yanar gizon yanzu wani shiri na kusa da tsakiyar makiyaya, amma mafi kyawun rukunin shafukan, ba shakka, je mafi ƙarfin su.

Maza a hankali kan kiyaye wadannan rukunin yanar gizon daga mamayar abokan hamayya, wasun su ma suna iya kwana a can a farfajiya, saboda tsoron cewa yayin da yake dawowa daga dare, shafin na iya daukar wata karamar dila. Wani wuri sa'a guda kafin asuba, maza ke tarawa a halin yanzu su fara tsotsewa, daga nan sai suyi kararrawa don jawo hankalin mata, wadanda, da suka iso bayan ɗan lokaci, da farko suka kusanci kusa da ƙarshen halin yanzu sannan su tashi zuwa tsakiyar makiyaya, inda suka zabi abokin aikinsu.

Auki a halin yanzu gani ne mai matuƙar ban sha'awa. Wasu mazan suna wani abu suna murkushe wani abu, suna mai wuyan wuyan wuyansu a ƙasa suna baza wutsiyoyi su da fararen kaya. Wasu a wannan lokacin suna birgima kuma suna buɗe fikafikansu da ƙarfi. Na ukunsu, baya rarraba mace ko shafin da suka ga dama, suna haɗuwa cikin duel, tsalle da tsalle da juna. Koyaya, duk da cewa rikice-rikice tsakanin maza yawanci yakan faru, baƙar fata baƙar fata yana haifar da mummunar illa ga juna.

Bayan dabbar ta hanyar ma'aurata, maza daga cikin amarya ba sa cikin abin da zai sa su ci gaba da haihuwar 'ya mace: mace da kanta ta gina gida, tana ƙin ƙwai 5-13 mai launin ocher mai launin duhu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Yin kyanwa yana farawa a tsakiyar Mayu, kuma gida kansa karamin rami ne a cikin ƙasa wanda aka yi layi tare da gashin fuka-fuka, ganye, rassan bakin ciki da ciyawar da aka bushe bara.

Matar tana ƙyamar offspringyanta kwana 24-25. Goshawks an haife shi an riga an rufe shi da fluff kuma bayan 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan zasu iya bin mahaifiyarsu. Kwanaki 10 na farko na rayuwarsu sune mafi hatsari: bayan duk, kajin har yanzu basu san yadda zasu sake fashewa ba sabili da haka a cikin ƙasa na iya zama mai sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Matar ta kasance kusa da zuriyarta duk wannan lokacin, kuma idan maharbi ya bayyana a kusa, sai ta yi kokarin ruɗe shi ta hanyar nuna kamar rauni ne. Ta fadi daga wuri zuwa wuri kamar ba ta iya cirewa kuma tana fashewa da fikafikanta, yayin da take murzawa da karfi. Wannan kutse wata alama ce ga kajin su rufa masa asiri har mahaifiyarsu ta dawo.

Lokacin da baƙon fararen ya juya kwanaki 10, suna iya juyawa, kuma bayan wata guda sun fara tashi. A watan Satumba, mazan samari, sun riga sun shiga cikin ɓoyayyen baƙar fata, suka ware daga danginsu kuma suna rayuwa daban, amma har yanzu mata tryan mata suna ƙoƙarin kasancewa kusa da uwayensu. Sai kawai a cikin hunturu, maza da mata sun fara tattarawa cikin garken da aka hade.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana dan shekara daya, har yanzu maza basa cikin haihuwa, dukda cewa sun riga sun balaga: ba a basu izinin aikata wannan ta hanyar baƙar fata baƙar fata da ke biye da samari daga yanzu, don haka kawai ya rage ya kasance a gefen gefan makiyaya da lura kamar yadda tsofaffi da dangi masu ƙarfi suka yi magana a kansu. Shekaru 2-3 da haihuwa maza sun riga sun kama wa kansu shafin daga gefen abin da yake a halin yanzu kuma suna iya shiga cikin kiwo, idan, ba shakka, ɗayan mata ya zaɓi su abokan tarayya.

Abokan halitta

A cikin mazaunin halitta, baƙar fata yana da maƙiya da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai dawakai, martens, boars daji da goshawks. Sauran coons na baki, gami da sabulu, kuma suna da haɗari ga kajin baƙar fata.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Abokan halitta na yau da kullun, duk da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan tsuntsaye suna da yawa daga cikinsu, ba sa tasiri ga yawan adadin kuɗin baƙi da yawa: ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam da yanayin yanayi sun fi mahimmanci ga raguwar adadinsu.

Yana faruwa cewa a cikin watanni na damina, saboda rashin ƙarfi, har zuwa 40% na brood na baƙar fata, ya mutu, idan aka kwatanta da yawan kajin da suka mutu daga hakora da haƙarƙarin masu farautar bai yi yawa ba.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

A halin yanzu, adadin tsakar gida da yawa yana da yawa, kuma kewayon da waɗannan tsuntsayen suke zaune suna da yawa. Waɗannan halayen ne suka sa ya yiwu a sanya wannan nau'in matsayin “Matsalar Damuwa”.Dangane da amsar baƙar fata na Caucasian, ita, a matsayin ma'ana, an danganta ita ga jinsin "Kusa da wuri mai haɗari." A lokaci guda, wuraren kiwo da kiwo sune mafi haɗari a gare shi. Kayan gidajen dabbobi na da gidaje da kajin, amma karnukan makiyaya, wadanda ba sa barin damar farautarsu, suna da hatsarin gaske ga baƙon fararen fata.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! A halin yanzu, ana ba da kariya ga baƙar fata ta Caucasian akan ƙasa da dama daga cikin manyan ɗakunan yanayi, daga cikinsu Caucasian da Teberdinsky.

Grouse ɗan ƙasa ne na mazaunan birki a cikin garuruwa da gandun daji na Eurasia. Bambanci tsakanin maza, mai zane baki tare da fararen “madubai”, da rashin daidaito tare da mace a cikin mafi ƙanƙantarsu, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-ja da mace, yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa yana da wuya a yarda cewa su tsuntsaye iri ɗaya ne. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun daɗe da jan hankalin mutane ta halayyarsu kuma, musamman, ta hanyar keɓancewa.

Mutanen da suka ga yadda ake saurin girki a cikin bazara da asuba, suna jayayya cewa wannan hakika kyakkyawar gani ce kuma kyakkyawa ce. Ba don komai ba ne cewa an yi amfani da hoton waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin zane-zane na mutane: alal misali, a cikin raye-raye na almara, motsi mai kama da tsalle da durƙusa, halayyar maƙarƙashiyar baƙar fata, ana amfani da ita.

Baƙar fata

Yawancin tsuntsu baki baki masani ne tun yana karami. Wannan dabbar ta fiye da sau ɗaya ta zama mai ba da labarin tatsuniyoyi, labarun labarai da kuma labarin yara. A cikin ayyuka da yawa na baƙar fata, marubutan suna nuna wayo, masu saurin-magana, amma shin hakane da gaske? Babu shakka Grouse yana daya daga cikin wakilai masu ban sha'awa game da ajin tsuntsu. Ya kamata ku ƙara koyo game da shi.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Grouse shine ɗayan ƙaunatattun tsuntsaye a cikin mutane. An darajanta shi saboda yawan tunawa da yara game da tatsuniyoyi masu yawa, don bayyanannunsa da abin tunawarsa, da darajar ta musamman a tsakanin mafarauta. Ana kiran baƙon fararen da sunaye daban-daban: “grouse”, “whitefish”, “black”, “grouse”. A cikin Latin, sunan kamannin sauti kamar Lyrurus tetrix. Ainihi, sunayen sun fito ne daga dalilai guda biyu: bayyanar halayyar halaye da halayen halaye.

A ina ne amarya baƙar fata ke zaune?

Hoto: Maɗaukakin baƙon mata

Usesungiyoyi sune tsuntsayen gama gari. Mafi yawan nau'ikan irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana iya samunsu a Turai da Asiya. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, yawanci bashi da tabbas a koyaushe. Wannan ya faru ne saboda canje-canje a cikin shimfidar wuri, wadatar abinci mai dacewa. Idan a arewaci da kudu na Turai baƙar fata fararen fata suna zaune a cikin gandun daji da yankuna-da-gandun daji, to a yamma da tsakiyar sun gwammace su zauna cikin gandun daji. Duk da yawan mutane masu yawa, a wasu sassan Turai aniyar cire kayan amurka gaba daya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda canjin yanayi da aiki mai amfani na mutane.

A Asiya, ana iya samun irin waɗannan tsuntsayen a wasu yankuna na Koriya ta Arewa, China, Mongolia, da Kazakhstan. Wannan tsuntsu ya bazu sosai a Rasha. Ana iya samunsa a kusan kowane birni, tare da keɓantattun keɓaɓɓun. Har ila yau, kowane baƙon fararen fata keɓaɓɓu na zaune a cikin Yukren, suna zaɓan wuraren da ke da katako kusa da fadama da manyan koguna a can. Kada ku sami irin waɗannan tsuntsayen a Sakhalin, a cikin Crimea da kuma a Kamchatka.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: useaukar tsuntsu itaciya ce. Koyaya, wasu lokuta suna aiwatar da matsuguni. Babban garken tsuntsaye na ƙaura lokaci guda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba da nisa da asalin mazauninsu. Irin waɗannan matsugunnan matsuguni ana danganta su da rashin abinci.

Lokacin zabar wurin zama, baƙar fata baƙar fata ya mayar da hankali kan abubuwa da yawa: wadatar isasshen abinci, yanayin da ya dace. Sun fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi mai kyau da kuma wuraren da gandun daji ke kusa da wuraren budewa. Filin dabbobi sun fi son zama a cikin kwari, dazuzzuka, tsaunika, cikin kwarin manyan koguna ko kusa da ƙasar noma, inda koyaushe za ka sami abin da za ka amfana. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna guje wa gandun daji duhu kuma suna neman wuraren da bishiyoyin birch ke girma cikin adadi mai yawa.

Yanzu kun san inda baƙar fata ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.

Menene baƙar fata ke ci?

Hoto: Girma a Rasha

Mafi yawancin abincin abincin baƙar fata shine abincin shuka. Yawancin menu na tsuntsu sun bambanta kawai a lokacin bazara da bazara, lokacin da akwai sabo ne da sababbin 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, tsirrai a kan titi.

A cikin lokacin dumi, abincin ya haɗa da:

• tsirrai iri, ganye, tsirrai,
• inflorescences, furanni da buds,
• ganyen wasu yan bishiyoyi, tsirrai masu tsiro,
• sabo ne berries: cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries,
• albarkatun hatsi: alkama, gero.

Cin hatsi alkama, gero, baƙar fata yana cutar da ƙasar noma, gonakin lambu. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobin ba'a iya kiransu manyan kwari. Ba a taɓa samun hatsin ci ba hatsi, a kan fifita berries, ganyaye da sauran abinci a gare su. A cikin hunturu, abincin wadannan tsuntsaye ya fi kankanta. Ba sa tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi, saboda haka ana tilasta su neman abinci ƙarƙashin ƙusar dusar ƙanƙara akan bishiyoyi. A cikin hunturu, baƙar fata baƙar fata ku ci kodan, harbe, kodan bishiya. Adre Birch, Willow, Aspen, alder. Tabbatar hada da juniper berries, Pine cones.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don inganta haɓakar narkewar su, manya sun haɗu da ƙananan pebbles yayin cin abinci. Suna taimaka abinci ya kara kyau cikin ciki, ya sauƙaƙa tsarin narkewar abinci.

Abincin offspringan fararen baƙar fata yana da bambanci sosai. A farkon zamanin rayuwarsu, kajin suna cikin tsananin bukatar abinci mai wadataccen furotin. Don wannan, abincin dabbobi ya ci nasara a cikin abincin yau da kullun. Kajin suna cin cicadas, kwari, gizo-gizo, sauro, zazzaɓi da sauran kwari iri-iri waɗanda iyayensu suka kawo su. Girma a cikin takalmin baƙar fata, buƙatar abinci na dabba da sannu-sannu an rage sannan kuma gaba daya ya ɓace.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Girma a cikin gandun daji

Za a iya kira girka cikin lafiya Suna zaune a yanki ɗaya, suna zaɓar yankuna da yanayin yanayi. Koyaya, a tsakanin waɗannan tsuntsayen yana da wuya, amma akwai lokacin ƙaura. Ba su da kullun. Maimakon haka maimaitawa ne. Babban dalilin irin wannan juyi shine rashin abinci.

A shekarun da suka lalace ko kuma lokacin da sauyin yanayi ya canza, tsuntsayen kawai ba su da isasshen abinci. Daga nan sai su koma cikin garken gaba daya zuwa wani wurin da babu wannan karancin. Da wuya, sanadin yawan ƙaura shine keɓancewa a cikin yawan dabbobi. Yawan irin waɗannan tsuntsayen wani lokaci yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan yakan faru ne sau ɗaya cikin shekara biyar zuwa goma.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Groauki mai ban sha'awa don tserewa daga sanyi a cikin hunturu. Waɗannan su ne kawai tsuntsayen da ke amfani da "ɗakuna" na dusar ƙanƙara don zafi. Suna haƙa ƙananan ramuka don kansu, inda suke ɓoye lokacin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara. A waje tsuntsayen kawai suke neman abinci.

Useauki zaune a cikin ɓoye, gandun daji, tsaunika, nesa da tushen ruwa. Suna zaune cikin fakitoci. Tare da adadi mai yawa na tsuntsaye, wurin yin sulhu yana da sauƙi a samu ta hanyar ƙarawa mai ƙarfi. Useauki saƙo yakan yi sautuka, musamman ma a lokacin matsewar. Maza kawai suna yin ta da ƙarfi, mata sukan yi ta goyan bayan waƙar. Hanyar rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen tana daɗaɗɗun ƙasa. Tsuntsaye suna hawa bishiyoyi ne kawai don abinci: berries, ganye, buds, cones. A baki amarya ciyar da dare kawai a ƙasa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: useaukace, duk da babban yanayin motsa jiki da kuma babban kama ga ɗakunan gida, suna da kyau "masu tashi". Wadannan tsuntsayen su kan iya tashi sama cikin iska daga kowane sarari. Koyaya, baƙar fata baƙi ke cirewa ba ji ba gani daga ƙasa, kuma kusan gabaɗaya daga bishiyoyi.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: pairan takalmi na baƙar fata

Yana da wuya a rasa farkon farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar kiwo. Suna canzawa da canzawa a cikin halayensu da farkon zafin farko. A lokacin bazara, baƙar fata baƙar fata yana jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki, sau da yawa kuma suna rairawa da ƙarfi. Wannan ake kira farkon lokacin. Yawancin lokaci yakan faru ne a cikin watan Maris. Ba shi yiwuwa a ambaci ainihin adadin, saboda a yankuna daban daban na mazaunin maza baki ɗaya akwai fasalin yanayin yanayin ƙasa.

Ana iya gabatar da tsarin halittar wadannan dabbobi a matakai:

• aiki mai gudana Da shigowar bazara, magidancin baƙon mata ya tara manyan lambobi a bakin gandun daji, inda suke hulɗa da juna sosai. Mutane kusan goma sha biyar zasu iya taruwa wuri guda. A halin yanzu aiki yana ɗaukar sati biyu. A lokaci guda, maza na iya samun sabani ko ma fada a tsakanin su,
• hadi na mace. Bayan maza, mata ma sun isa wurin mating. A can za su iya zaɓar abokin tarayya don kansu. Sa thean nan tsuntsaye suka yanka, kuma namiji suna barin mace, saboda a lokacin ba a buƙatarsu,
• kayan soket Matan sun gina sheƙunansu a ƙasa, ba da nisa da wurin mating. Blackan gida na baƙar fata shine ƙaramin rami inda mata suke sanya sanduna iri iri, ciyawa, ganye, gashin fuka-fuki. Yawancin lokaci ana gina gida a cikin busassun ciyawa, dunƙule,
• kwanciya da ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai. Ana kwantar da qwai ta mace a cikin watan Mayu. Groan faren bakar fata yana da matukar tasiri. A lokaci ɗaya, mace zata iya yin ƙwai uku. Qwai suna da launi mai ocher mai haske tare da saƙa. mace tana kyankyashe ƙwai na kwanaki ashirin da biyar,
• kula da kajin. Matar kuma tana lura da zuriyarta da kanta. Uwarsu ke kula da kawunansu kusan kwanaki goma. Tana kare zuriyarta daga maharba da sauran hadari. Kayan kaji zai fi dacewa ku ci abincin dabbobi: larvae daban-daban, ƙananan kwari, matafila.

Kayan kaji

Wannan tsuntsu, kamar sauran 'yan uwanta duka, sun fito ne daga dangin mai tsananin kyau. Kuna iya ganin girkin makiyaya a Arewacin Amurka. A cikin hunturu, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, tsuntsaye ba za su iya jin kunyar kasancewar gonaki ba. A waɗancan wuraren ne suke samun damar tsira daga matsanancin lokacin shekara kuma basu fuskantar matsalar abinci ba.

Mazaunin wannan nau'in baƙar fata shine baƙaƙen nama, wurare tare da adadi mai yawa na fure da Birch. A farkon lokacin kiwo, sun canza matsayinsu kuma suna motsawa zuwa makiyaya tare da ganye masu tsayi.

Don gina gida, tsuntsaye sukan zaɓi wa kansu yankuna da ke kusa da gawarwakin ruwa da ciyawar ciyawa. Kasancewar wani kandami a kusa alamu ne na rayuwa mai gamsarwa baƙar fata a cikin yanayi. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Red a cikin 1967 kuma ana ɗaukar shi cikin haɗari.

Blackan Tashin fata-Tako

Wannan nau'in baƙar fata na mazaunin yana zaune a wurare tun daga tsakiyar Alaska har zuwa Yukon, har zuwa Babban filayen. Girman wannan tsuntsu ya yi ƙanana - tsawonsa ba ya wuce 49 cm, kuma nauyin bai kai kilogram ba.

Wani fasali mai kyau na gajiyar yatsun saƙa shine wutsiyarsa, a tsakiyar abin da ake lura da gashin fuka-fukai, tsayi fiye da waɗansu. Ana lura da tsinkayen launin duhu tsakanin idanun tsuntsun. Mata da maza basu da bambance-bambance masu yawa. Launin fari na ɗan digiri kaɗan.

Ya dace da waɗannan tsuntsayen su zauna a cikin farin ciki tare da ciyawar ciyawa waɗanda ke taimakawa da basirar ɓoye makarinsu Idan baƙar fata ke zaune a cikin gandun daji, to, yana neman a share wa kansa ne. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su akan ƙasar noma da manyan kwari.

Fitowar baƙar fata

Akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin mace da namiji ta baki. Suna da ƙarancin jima'i a matakin ƙarshe, a wannan batun, yanayi ya sanya duk ƙoƙari. Dukkanin matan baki baki suna da launi mai haske da wadataccen launi.

Gabaɗaya, tsuntsu ne mai kyawun gaske, wanda za'a iya kallo na sa'o'i. Tsuntsu yana da babban jiki, karamin kai a kan ɗan gajeren wuya. Matsakaicin girman gashinta zai iya kaiwa har kilogiram 6.5. Tsawonsa na iya zama har zuwa mita.

Mace 'Ya'yan ucungiyar Caucasian Grouse

Idon tsuntsayen an yi musu ado da jan launi ba ajikin fata ba. Gashin tsuntsayen ba musamman suke birgewa ba. A saman sa akwai bulge. Kuma hanci ya rufe gashinsa. Fuka fikafikan suna gajeru, suna zagaye.

Saƙon wutsiya na maza yana da ban sha'awa. An rufe gabar da tsuntsu. Tushewar mace yana da ɗan bambanta da sifar maza. Ba shi da kyau kuma ba ya rikice kamar na waje.

Gidajen Bird da salon rayuwa

Ana iya samun Grouse a cikin yankunan Palaearctic da Neo-Arctic. Yankunan daga Pyrenees zuwa gabashin Manchuria, ƙasashen Scotland da Mongolia, ƙasashen Arewacin Amurka, Asiya da Turai suna da kyawawan kyawawan tsuntsayen kyawawan halaye. Yawancin nau'ikan su ana iya samun su a Rasha.

Wannan tsuntsu ne wanda aka zaunar dashi, amma a lokacin farauta yana da matukar damuwa game da inda za'a gina shi. A wannan lokaci, baƙar fata ta yi ƙoƙari don guje wa tabarma mai sanyi, kurma mai kururuwa tare da bishiyoyi masu tsayi.

Yana da ban mamaki da kwanciyar hankali a gare su a cikin bishiyoyin Linden da gandun daji na Aspen, inda gandun daji na birch, filaye tare da hatsi, da berries suna bayyane. Ba da daɗewa ba yana yiwuwa a lura da waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin hawa-hawa. Amma tare da haɓaka aikin gona, sannu a hankali suka bar wurin.

Tsuntsaye suna zaɓar ƙasar don sheƙarsu. Kai tsaye a kanta a cikin ciyawa mai dunƙulen hannu ko hadaddiyar sandar baƙi ta sami mafaka. Yana faruwa cewa kawai suna amfani da bacin rai a cikin ƙasa don wannan.

A batun batun gida, duk alhakin yana rataye ne kawai da mace. Wakilin sexarfi mai ƙarfi ba ya ɗaukar kowane ɓangare a cikin wannan. Don ɗumi ɗakin da aka gama, ana amfani da fuka-fukan da ciyawa mai bushe. Tsuntsayen sun fi son birgewa. Tashin hankali na hunturu kasancewa tare yana da mahimmanci musamman. Da wuya mace ta bar namiji a wannan lokacin na shekara.

A watannin bazara, tsuntsaye ke motsawa cikin bishiyoyi don neman furannin fure da harbe. Yana da ban sha'awa don kallon su a wannan lokacin. A baki grouse ƙugiya tare da ƙarfi paws a kan reshe kuma zai iya sag juye har tsawon.

Suna yin rayuwa mai tazara kuma baya amfani da su wajen canza wurin zama. Wannan shine dalilin kusan lalacewa wasu daga cikin ire-irensu, saboda ba wahalar bane mafarau su nemo su.

Currentauki a halin yanzu lissafin farkon bazara. Suna rarrabuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i. Kafin kaka kaka tana kula da zuriyarta, tana sanya shi kuma yana kiyaye ta a hankali. Kusa da zuwa hunturu, tsuntsaye kuma sun sake yin garkuwa da garken. A wannan lokacin, ana samun mafi yawan lokuta akan bishiyoyi, duk da cewa baƙar fata ana ɗaukarsu tsuntsu ne na ƙasa.

Featured tashi daidai. Da rana sukan tashi daga itace zuwa itace don neman abinci, da dare kuma sukan tafi ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, don dare suna hawa mai zurfi cikin dusar ƙanƙara, ta haka suna tserewa daga sanyi. A can za su iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa idan zazzabi a kan titi ya faɗi sosai. Amma ko da kasancewa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, tsuntsaye suna da hankali sosai.

Sun sami hangen nesa da gani sosai. Wannan yana taimaka musu su hango hadari a gaba. Yana da kyau yin motsi mara nasara a cikin farauta kuma zaka iya tsoratar da duk takalmin baƙar fata. Tsuntsaye masu firgita suna tashi da sauri kuma ba tare da saurin magana ba, suna haifar da hargitsi a kusa.

Wannan tsuntsu darajar kasuwanci ce, saboda haka classic baki grouse farauta wani lokacin ne da ya fi so a wurin masu farauta. Irin wannan zubar da mutuncin su ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'ikan suna kan gab da ƙarewa kuma an ɗauke su ƙarƙashin kariyar ɗan adam.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Nutritionauki abinci mai gina jiki mafi bambancin. Ya dogara da lokacin shekara da mazaunin tsuntsun. Zuwa mafi girma, shuka abinci shine mafi rinjaye a cikin abincinsa. A lokacin rani, abincin dabba na iya shiga. Kawai a farkon rayuwarta ke buƙatar ɗimbin kwari.

A cikin hunturu, sun fi son bunƙasa itace, berries da allura. Yi tara zaune kusa da filayen, ba tare da kunya ko tsoro ba, a yi bukukuwan girbi na amfanin gona. An lura da wannan musamman a lokacin bazara, a lokacin girbi. An sauƙaƙa narkewar al'ada na tsuntsaye ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan pebbles da tsaba masu wuya.

Ara aku

Bayanin Bird

Girbi babban tsuntsu ne da ke da karamin kai da gajere. Maza sun fi girma girma fiye da mace, tsawon jikinsu ya kama daga 49 zuwa 58 cm, nauyinsu yana cikin girman kilogram 1-1,4, kuma mace tsawonsu ya kai daga 40 zuwa 45 cm, kuma nauyinsu shine 0.7-1 kg.

Danshi na namiji

Namiji yana da santsi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi ko kore a cikin kai, wuya, goiter da ƙananan baya, mai haske gashin ido mai haske. Gefen baya yana launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da firam na fuka-fukai, fararen fata. Fuka-fukan fari sune launin ruwan kasa launin shuɗi cikin launi, tare da “madubai” - farin fararen fuka-fukan a cikin ƙananan fuka-fukan 1 zuwa 5. Sunan “alamu” sun fi bayyana akan gashin fakannun sakandare. Gashin gashin tsuntsu a wutsiya suna da baki tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi a saman, gashin gashin wutsiyar wutsiya yana lanƙwasa zuwa gaɓoɓin, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wutsiyar ƙyallen launin fata ta kasance mai fasalin launi.

Umarfin mace

Mace mai launin mulula ce, launin ruwan kasa-launi-shuɗi cikin launi tare da ratsi mai launin toka, shuɗi mai duhu da launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa. A waje yayi kama da na mata, amma ana bambanta shi da fararen “madubai” akan fikafikan sa da karamin daraja a wutsiyarsa. Jirgin saman farin ne. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye masu launin farar fata, launinsu ya ƙunshi ratsi da launuka na launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi, launin shuɗi-fari da fari.

Habitat

A yamma da tsakiyar Turai, maƙoƙin baƙar fata suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na ƙasar tuddai, a tsaunuka daga 1400 zuwa 1800 m sama da matakin teku, kodayake adadinsu ya fi yawa. Yawanci, baƙar fata keɓaɓɓiyar fata sun zaɓi wurin zama inda gandun daji ko ciyawa ke haɗawa tare da buɗe ƙasa, alal misali, a cikin ɓarna, coppices, gandun daji, kwarin kogi, tare da gefunan daji, makiyaya da ƙasar noma. Mafi yawan lokuta grouse yana zaɓar wuraren da garuruwan Birch suke girma.

Caucasian guntun mata (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi)

A waje, tsuntsun yayi kama da na amarya baki ɗaya, amma ya bambanta da shi a cikin ƙaramin girman da silar wutsiya.

Tsawon jikin namiji ya kasance daga 50 zuwa 55 cm, nauyinsa yakai kimanin kilogram 1.1, walwalar mara gashi ce mara nauyi, babu “madubai” akan fikafikai, girare ja ne, wutsiya mai kamanni ne, an jingine. Tsawon jikin mace daga 37 zuwa 42 cm ne, nauyinsa yakai kilogram 0.95, maharbi yana da launi, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da launi mai duhu.

Nau'in yana da matukar ban sha'awa ga Caucasus a Rasha, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, da Turkey. Tsuntsu yana jagorantar rayuwa mai taushewa. Yana zaune a tsayi har zuwa 3300 m saman teku matakin, nests kadan m. Yana zaune a cikin busassun bisket na rhododendron kuma ya tashi kwatangwalo, kazalika a cikin kananan groves overgrown tare da undersized Birch da Juniper.

Namiji da mace: manyan bambance-bambance

Bayyanar farkon bayyanar jima'i daga cikin amarya ita ce girman girman mace idan aka kwatanta da maza. Bugu da kari, rudin mace yana da baki tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi ko kore, gashin ido mai haske ja. Cutar tumbi tana da launin ruwan kasa, marassa farin fari. Kuma a cikin mace, rigar tana da launi, tan tare da raɗaɗi mai launin toka, launin rawaya mai duhu da launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa.

Kayan kaji

Ana haihuwar kaji a cikin wadataccen ruwa kuma bayan couplean awanni biyu sai suka bar gida kuma suna bin mace. Kwana 10 na farko na rayuwa ga yara sune mafi hatsari. A wannan lokacin, mace na sanya idanu a kai a kai, tana sauraren kararraki masu ban sha'awa, kuma yayin da maharbi ya kusanci, yayi kokarin jujjuya shi gefe. Saboda wannan, mace tayi kamar tana “rauni”, sai ta gudu, tana buɗe fikafikanta, tsalle-tsalle da cackles da ƙarfi. Jin karar mahaifiyar tayi kukan, kukan suka watse suka yi shiru suna jiran hadarin. Bayan kwana 10, aminin zai iya sake fadowa, kuma lokacin da ya kai wata 1 sai suka zama fikafikai.

Dukkanin lokacin izgili yana faruwa ne ga maza, sai su ɓoye da halayen sosai.

Kuri'a

Groan mata suna yin saƙo, suna cukuɗe “ko-ko”, a ƙarshen tsuntsu sai su miƙe. Maza suna ta fashewa da ƙarfi kuma cikin dogon lokaci, idan hatsarin ya kusanto, sai suyi sauti mara nauyi "chuu-ish".

Za a iya jin sautin da ake kira na maza ne kawai a lokacin lokacin canjin, a rabin na biyu na Maris da Afrilu. Amma a lokacin bazara molt, wanda faruwa a watan Yuli, grouse yawanci shiru.

Bayanan Gaske

• Girma sau da yawa yana bayyana akan tambura na ƙasashe daban-daban. An nuna alamar tsabar kudin Caucasian a kan tsabar kudin azurfa 1 na ruble wanda Bankin Rasha ya bayar a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1995.
• A Rasha da kuma kasashen Scandinavia, baƙar fata shine ɗayan shahararrun shahararrun tsuntsayen farauta; Yawan gawawakin da aka harba ya fi girma ne kawai ga fararen kayan fari da kuma hazel grouse. A farkon shekarun 1990, ana harbe mutane kusan 120,000 na wadannan tsuntsaye a kowace shekara a Rasha.

Useara Girma

Iyalin kyakkyawa sun ƙunshi nau'ikan 17, waɗanda biyun aka kasu kashi takwas. Wadannan sun hada da:

· Hazel grouse: abin wuya, gama gari da amarya Severtsov,

· Boar daji: Canadianan Kanada da kullun baƙar fata,

· Kosach da Caucasian,

Duk nau'ikan suna da fasalulluka na halayyar da ke tantance bambance banbancin su.

Za ku taimaka mana da yawa idan ka raba labarin a shafukan sada zumunta da makamantansu. Na gode da hakan.

Biyan kuɗi zuwa tasharmu.

Karanta karin labarai akan Gidan Bird.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

Baƙar fata a cikin yanayi mai aiki sosai a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa, riƙe, ban da lokacin mating, gaurayayyun fakitoci na maza da mata. Yawan mutane a cikin kunshin ya kai burin 200. Babban aiki a lokacin dumi yana sanyin safiya da gabanin faɗuwar rana. Da rana, tsuntsaye suna sauka a rana, suna zaune a kan rassa.

Tsuntsaye suna da yanayin rayuwa. Na dogon lokaci suna tafiya akan ƙasa, cikin sauri da kuma motsi suna motsawa ko da cikin katako mai zurfi. Anan suka samo abinci, kiwo suka huta. Hakanan zasu iya yin dare a ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin bushes, a kan kututtukan fadama.

Idan ya cancanta, kashe da sauri kuma a bayyane. Jirgin tsuntsaye na sauri da sauri. Ana iya ɗaukar tazara daidai kamar ƙasa da tsuntsu na itace. Sukan yi tafiya cikin karfin gwiwa ta hanyar bishiyoyi, suna kwana a kan ƙyamare, suna zama a tsaye har ma a kan rassan bakin ciki waɗanda ke da nauyin nauyinsu.

Binciken sabbin hanyoyin, 'yan kunne suna iya rataye a gefe, yayin da suke manne wa reshe da karfi.

Groarfin baƙar fata yana da kyakkyawan ji da hangen nesa, musamman ma a cikin takalmin baƙar fata, waɗanda sune farkon waɗanda ke ba da alamun ƙararrawa. Halin hali yana da hankali sosai, idan akwai haɗari, Kosach na iya tashi dubun kilomita. Saurin jirgin ya kai kilomita 100 / h.

Rayuwar tsuntsaye tana da bambance-bambancen yanayi, musamman canje-canje a cikin lokacin sanyi. Baƙar fata a cikin hunturu da rana yana zaune a cikin bishiyoyi, sau da yawa akan birches, kuma a yamma yakan fara ɓoye ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, ta nutse daga sama zuwa daskararren dusar ƙanƙara kuma ta yi rami mai zurfi a ciki.

Tsuntsayen suna yin motsi da ɗakin shayarwa, tsuntsayen suna tsalle a dusar ƙanƙara Za'a iya shirya shirye-shiryen mafaka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin matakai, ta hanyar hanyoyin hankali, tilasta manhole tare da fuka-fuki zuwa zurfin 50 cm.

A lokacin tsananin sanyi, kasancewa a cikin matsuguni yana ƙaruwa sosai. Girma zai iya fita kawai don ciyarwa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara na tsawon awa 1-2. Idan ba wanda ya dame tsuntsayen, a hankali suna ficewa daga ramuka, ƙaura yan metersan mituna sannan kuma su tafi.

Yawan zafi a cikin hunturu ya zama masifa ga tsuntsaye, wanda ke haifar da samuwar jiko, da kuma cikas ga ceto a cikin ciyawar kankara.

Kasancewa a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara baya rage matakin yin taka tsantsan da inlaid tare da cikakkiyar ji. Yana jin kukan tsalle, da dawakaiwa da fox, da motsin rukunin lynx. Idan sautuna sun bayyana a kusa da babban yaudara ko kuma dusar ƙanƙara daga suturar mafaraucin, baƙar fata da ke kan hanya barin barin tashoshin kuma za su ɓace cikin sauri.

A lokacin bazara, garken a hankali sukan tashi. Usesungiyoyi suna daɗaɗawa tare da igiyoyin ruwa, kwanduna a cikin haskoki kusa da buɗe gefuna. Abokan gaba suna da wadatattun abokan gaba: dawakai da kwari, birrai da jijiyoyi, hazo da mujiya. Groarfe huɗu na fuka-faren fata da alkyabba ita ce mai daɗin ci.

Mafi girman kare tsuntsaye shine, hakika, mutum ya yarda dashi. Mafarauta, bayan sun yi nazarin yanayin mai hankali amma a lokaci guda kuma tsuntsu mai iya ma'ana, zai iya daukar dumu dumu lokaci daya. Ayyukan tattalin arziƙi: yawon shakatawa, shimfida hanyoyi da layin wuta, haɓaka sharar gida - takan tura bakaken fata daga wuraren da suka saba.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

A cikin bazara, lokacin mating yana farawa kuma amsar yanzu A gandun daji, inda suka saba taru wuri guda. Mafarauta suna sane da kiran kukan maza. Yawancin lokaci ana tattara mutane 10-15 akan wani na yanzu, amma tare da raguwa a yawan jama'a, halin yanzu na shugabannin 3-5 yana zama akai-akai.

Matsakaitan yanayi yana kan matsakaici daga Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. A ƙarshe an katse tare da fara yin tsuntsayen tsuntsaye.

Baƙar fata - hoto mai ban tsoro na yanayi, fiye da sau ɗaya wanda aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Kyakkyawan tsuntsayen da ke kan yanayin baya mai ban sha'awa tare da waƙoƙin haɓaka halayyar haɓaka suna haifar da tasirin daskararren tafarnuwa mai narkewa, wanda ake ji a cikin yanayi mai tsabta na 3 km.

An shirya firam a cikin baki na amarya biyu a ƙasa ƙarƙashin tsari na rassan. Waɗannan ƙananan ramuka ne tare da zuriyar dabbobi na fure, ƙananan rassa, ciyawa, moss da gashinsa. Matar tana ƙyamar ƙwai tsakanin 6-8 zuwa kwanaki 22-23. Maza ba sa shiga cikin kulawar yara. Maza suna da yawan aure.

A gida tare da kwan kwanciya amintacce dogara da kugu. Tana jan hankali ta hanyar wayo, ta gudu daga gida kuma ta tanadi mai da karfi a cikin daji, sai ta koma sansanoni. A bayyana brood na kajin wata mata take kaiwa zuwa wani amintaccen tsari.

Grouse kyakkyawar uwa ce, da rashin kiyaye kanta daga kajin ta daga sanyi da kuma barazanar mafarauta. Bayan mako guda, girma na matasa yayi ƙoƙari ya tashi, kuma bayan wata daya da rabi, rayuwa mai zaman kanta ta fara.

A cikin kaka, lokacin sake dawowa yake farawa, amma ba aiki kamar na bazara ba. Yawancin lokuta na hunturu na kankara a cikin Mongolia an san su, amma wannan wani sabon abu ne na yanayi. A yanayi, matsakaita tsadar rayuwa yana shekara 11-13.

A cikin hoto wani baƙon fararen fata tare da qwai

Black grouse farauta

Black Grouse farauta - Classic, wanda aka sani tun zamanin da, tare da manyan hanyoyin guda uku:

• Tare da taimakon bukka,
• daga kusanta
• daga ƙofar shiga.

Gidajen an gina su ne daga tsiro mai tsiro da kuma rassan da basu da nisa daga sanannun wurin da ake a yanzu. Farauta yana buƙatar dogon lokaci a cikin bukka da ƙarfin hali, don kada ya tsoratar da tsuntsayen daga wuraren da suka saba.

Black grouse tare da kusanci kama cikin ƙaramin rukuni ko kuma shi kaɗai. Aikin mafarauci shine kusanci kusan duk lokacin da yake waka. Idan akwai tsuntsaye da yawa, to yunƙurin da bai yi nasara ba zai iya tsoratar da kai da baki baki. Saboda haka, tsarin kula da mutane ne yake yi.

Farauta mai kama daga farfajiyar ta shafi zuwa kan doki ko jirgin ruwa zuwa bakin tekun da aka zaɓa don wucewa. Useauki farauta a kaka sau da yawa ana ɗauke da karnuka, kuma a cikin hunturu tare da tsuntsaye iri-iri. Ciki mai matsewa ya zama abin yaudara ga dangi da suka gani akan reshen membobin garken su.

Yawancin masoya yanayi sun san game da takalmin baƙar fata, fasalin halayensa, suna ƙoƙari ba kawai don farauta da girke-girke ba, yadda za a dafa abincin baƙar fata, har ma don adana wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai aiki da dazuzzuka na Rasha.

Wannan tsuntsu ne

Wannan babban tsuntsu ne da gajeren baki da kuma karamin kai. Idan muka kwatanta mace da namiji, to, na farkon yana da girma babba, idan aka kwatanta da na mace. Tsawon jikin namiji zai iya kaiwa cm 58, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogram 1.4. Matar ta kai tsawon 45 cm, nauyi har zuwa 1 kg. Launin gashin fuka-fukan wannan tsuntsu yana nuna dimbin jima'i. Groan rago mara fata yana da baƙin ruwa mai launin shuɗi, tare da koren shuɗi ko shunayya mai kusa da kai, ƙananan baya, goiter da wuya. Usean girare masu launin ja masu haske.

Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu sune launin ruwan kasa duhu a launi, tare da farin aibobi a ƙasa. Karfin haske yana ganuwa akan gashin fuka-fukan matakin na biyu. Fuka-fukan wutsiyar dake jikin wutsiyar baƙar fata ne tare da ƙwallan launin shuɗi a tukwici. Yawancin gashin fuka-fukai da suke aiki kamar rudder suna karkatar da tarnaƙi, wutsiyar maƙarƙashiyar bakake tana da kama da launi.

Launin gashin fuka-fukan mace an sanya shi ne, mai launin ja tare da ratsin launin toka, har da baki-baki da rawaya. A waje, ta yi kama da na mata. Bambanci shine fararen fuka-fukan akan fuka-fuki da karamin fssa akan wutsiya. Fuka-fukan gashin a karkashin wutsiya fari ne. Blackan ƙaramin baƙar fata suna da shuɗe mai launi, launi yana kunshe da aibobi da ratsin launin shuɗi-da shuɗi-baki, da fari.

Baƙar fata

Gidajen wannan feathery sun ƙunshi matakin steppe, dajin-steppe da kuma gandun daji na Eurasia, daga tsibirin Burtaniya da Dutsen Alpine a yamma zuwa Koriya ta Koriya da kuma Ussuri Territory a gabas. A yammacin Turai da tsakiyar Turai, tsuntsaye suna zaune a cikin gandun daji, a tsawan sama da ya kai mita 1800 sama da matakin teku. Amma kafin nan, mazaunin su ya fi girma yanki. Mafi yawan lokuta baƙar fata baƙi suna zaune a waɗancan wuraren akwai katako na ciyayi da gandun daji waɗanda aka haɗu da wuraren budewa. Misali, a cikin kwarin kogi, wani gandun daji mai wuya, a gefen fadama. Yawancin baƙar fata baƙar fata suna son garuruwan Birch.

Mutane da yawa suna tambaya: baƙar fata baƙi ne ko babu? Ana iya kiranta tsuntsu mai yawo ko kuma wanda aka zaunar dashi. Jiragen sa na yanayi ba su da tsayayye, kuma galibi ana alakantawa da rashin abinci a cikin hunturu, kazalika da canjin adadin tsuntsaye.

Ta yaya kiwo tsuntsaye

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wannan wani nau'in tsuntsu ne. Maza Vesta suna zaune kan ramuka, gefuna daji da tokuyut. Suna bin mazaunin rai, suna ihu, suna birgima. A halin yanzu mafi yawan lokuta har zuwa 15 maza. Wannan tsari ya yi makonni biyu. Dukkan maza suna da matsayi na yanzu a duniya. Da wuya su hau bishiyoyi. Tsakanin kansu, maza suna da ƙarfi, faɗa, mata baƙi. Bayan wannan taron, mata sukan zo gawar, su zaɓi namiji. Bayan miji, mace ta gina gida, ita ma tana sanya kwai. Har ila yau, haɓaka ƙananan yara na faruwa ne a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mace.

Ta yi gida kusa da na yanzu. Wannan karamin rami ne a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka rufe shi da tsoffin ciyayi, ciyawa, fuka-fukan. Gida yana kusa da gefen gandun daji, a ƙarƙashin juniper, Birch, ko a cikin nettles. A tsakiyar watan Mayu, mace ta riga ta saka qwai, kuma 'ya'yan fari sun bayyana a cikin wata daya. Qwai a cikin kama yawanci yakai guda 9. Suna da launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan ocher. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 25.

'Ya'yan sun ƙyanƙyashe a cikin lint, kuma bayan hoursan awanni na rarrafe daga cikin gida, yana bin mace. Kwanakin farko na kajin sune mafi hatsari. A wannan lokacin, mace na sanya idanu a kai a kai, suna sauraren kararrakin da suke fadi, idan kuma aka sami maharbi, yakan fitar da makiya daga kajin. Don kauda hankali ga maharbi, sai ta yi kamar ta zama tsuntsu mai rauni, ta shimfida fikafikanta, tayi kururuwa da ƙarfi, tsalle. Karnuka suna jin kukan mahaifiyarsu kuma suna watsuwa don ɓoyewa daga maƙiyansu. Bayan kwanaki 10, kajin sun riga sun fara tashi, kuma bayan wata guda zasu iya tashi. A wannan lokacin, maza molt. A lokaci guda, suna ɓoyewa da yin taka tsantsan.

Abin sha'awa game da launin fata baki

A cikin jihohi da yawa, ana nuna alamar tsuntsayen baƙar fata a kan tambura. An bayyana bayyanar Caucasian wannan tsuntsu akan tsabar kudin ruble wanda aka yi da azkar, wanda Bankin Rasha ya bayar a 1995. A cikin kasashen Scandinavia da Russia, baƙon fata ya zama tsuntsu wasan farauta. Yawan adadin gawawwakin da aka ƙare shine don ƙwalƙwalwar hazel and partridge. A Rasha, a cikin 90s, kimanin mintuna dubu 120 na baƙar fata ne ake haƙa a kowace shekara.

Ba za a iya kiran 'ciyawa ba tsuntsu mai ƙaura. Yana zaune a wurin da aka haife shi. A lokacin sanyi a cikin hunturu, sai ya haƙa kansa a cikin dusar ƙanƙan daji kuma ya yi barci cikin kogo mai ɗumi. A ƙafafunsa, yatsun sa ya sauƙaƙa motsawa dusar ƙanƙara.

Fasalin halayen

Ana ɗaukar tazama itace tsuntsu landasa. Mafi yawan rayuwarsa yana duniya, dusar ƙanƙara. Koyaya, a cikin fall yana iya hawa bishiyoyi. Useauki suna gudana cikin sauri da sauƙi. A kan rassan itace, suna jin daɗi da gaba gaɗi, duk da rassan bakin ciki. An rarraba Grouse a Arewacin Amurka, Eurasia. A kudu maso gabas da kudu maso yammacin Arewacin Amurka babu irin wannan tsuntsu. Suna yin sheƙarsu har ma a gefen Greenland. Yawancinsu mazaunan gandun daji ne. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin tsirrai, yayin da wasu zasu iya jure ko da sanyi a cikin tundra na Arctic.

Useauki shirya wasannin yin canjin asali. A cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen akwai polygams da auren mace ɗaya. Na farkonsu suna gudana cikin ƙungiyoyi. Yayin halin yanzu, maza sukan tashi zuwa wurare na musamman inda suke yin al'adu masu tsauri tare da sauti da yanayi na yanayi. An ƙirƙiri ƙananan filayen kai tsaye a ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan ƙananan ramuka ne da aka rufe gashin tsuntsu da hay.

Duk takalmin baƙar fata yana da mahimmanci don farauta na wasanni, amma a halin yanzu wasu nau'in suna cikin Littafin Red. Lokacin da suka ce waɗannan tsoffin tsuntsaye ne, irin wannan ra'ayi kuskure ne. Grouse shine ƙaramin gidan kaji, amma kuma yana da yawa, kuma yana da nau'ikan 19.