Wannan shine Tarbagan
Za mu ci gaba da magana game da dabbobi da ba kasafai ba a shafukan yanar gizon mu don mafarauta (taken ɗayan ɗaba'o'inmu na baya shine bayanin saiga da kuma halin farauta), kuma a yau muna gayyatarku kuyi magana game da tarbagan - mazaunin tsaunin dutsen a Mongolia. Ku zo tare mu koya game da halayen wannan dabbar da kuma yadda darajar ta ke yin kamari.
Tarbagan mazaunin
Manyan gaggafa sukan tashi a sararin sama dutsen kuma ana jin muryar motsin dakaru masu ja. Ana iya ganin marmots na Tarbagany a ko'ina, wanda ke cikin nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa, amma a mafi ƙarancin haɗari - suna kangara zuwa ramukarsu. Bayan sun kai irin wannan mafaka, sai suka sanya hankali a hankali su matsa gawar a kasa, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci haushi ba da jimawa ba kuma suna kawanya, suna matsowa da dukkan jikinsu, wanda shine dalilin da yasa wutsiyoyinsu, guga man gwiwoyinsu, tashi sama kamar tutocin alamar.
Tarbagany ba kawai mazaunin tudun dutse ba ne, har ma da cewa su ne magina da gine-gine, saboda su ne ke kirkirar irin wannan yanayin yanayin. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa matakan da waɗannan dabbobin suke rayuwa tana kama da an rufe ta da tantuna kore - wannan shine sakamakon manyan ayyukan ƙasa na waɗannan halittu.
Tarbagans suna zaune a cikin yankuna
Don haka, shirya burkashin burbushin su a cikin ƙasa, irin waɗannan marmots tarbagany kowace shekara suna kawo tudu da yawa na ƙasa daga saman ƙasa. Haka kuma, kasar gona da aka fitar a lokacin tono tana da wasu kaddarorin sama da na kasa, kuma wannan yana taimakawa ci gaban ciyayi. Musamman, ciyawa, wanda ke tsiro akan ƙasa an fitar da shi daga ramuka, nan da nan ya tsayayya da bango daga cikin matakan da launinsa mai haske da tsayi mai tsayi.
Koyaya, aikin Tarbagans bai lalace daga wuraren kiwo ba, tunda tsirrai da ke zaune a cikin marmots suna da mafi ƙarancin ingancin abinci.
Tarbagan ba manomi bane kawai, amma kuma magina wanda ke ba da gidaje ga sauran mazaunan tsaunin. A cikin tsohon watsi Tarbaganyach burrows, foxes, badgers, manula cat, Wolves, ferrets, tolai hares da jan ducks sosai sau da yawa shirya. A cikin irin wannan ramuka ne suka yiwa zuriyarsu.
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Cin nasarar Tarbagans
A cikin yanayin mawuyacin yanayin tsaunin dutsen, danshin ja da ƙuruciya mai zurfi, tsawon sa na iya zama har zuwa mita 15, kare tarbagan ba kawai daga cikin dare mai sanyi ba, har ma daga lokacin sanyi. Bayan sun tara kilogram na mai ta hanyar kaka, sun fada cikin rashin himma, suna rufe ƙofar bukukuwansu tare da matattarar ƙasa don hunturu. Tarbagans suna yin bacci na tsawon watanni 6 a zazzabi a cikin rami kusa da digiri, ba yayin da a saman za a iya yin dusar ƙanƙan sanyi ba, kuma ma'aunin zazzabi ya iya sauka zuwa digiri 45 ƙasa da ba komai.
A cikin bazara - a watan Maris-Afrilu, 'yan tarbagans sun farka daga dogon baccinsu na hunturu kuma sukazo saman ruwa. Gaskiya ne, ya kamata a lura cewa bazarar Asiya ta Tsakiya ba ta yi kama da bazarar tsakiyar yankin ba. Babu kogunan ruwa mara kyau, babu kamshin turaren ƙasa mai laushi, babu fure, babu furanni da waƙoƙin tsuntsaye. Dry, bare, busasshiyar ƙasa bayan tsawon watanni fari, iska mai sanyi, da baƙin gizai na turɓaya - wannan shine irin wannan bazara a Mongolia. Kuma, wannan lokacin ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi wuya ga waɗannan dabbobi waɗanda ke ciyar da ciyawa da berries. Koyaya, har yanzu 'yan Tarbagans sun sami nasu abincin - amma, don wannan dole su gudu daga ramin. Masu ba da labari da kuma kitsen da aka tattara sakamakon faɗuwar su na ƙarshe ya taimaka fitar da su.
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Sake bugun tarbagans
A watan Mayu, 5-6 marasa tsiraici marasa kawuna da makafi an haife su a Tarbagan, kowannensu yana da nauyin gram 50. Koyaya, dabbobin suna girma da sauri kuma cikin sati guda jikinsu yana rufe da taushi mai ƙamshi mai laushi, bayan sati 2 sai buɗe idanunsu, kuma bayan sati 4 sai sukazo saman suka fara samun nasu abinci da kansu. A wannan lokacin, dabbobin suna da matukar kulawa kuma ana kama su da hannayensu.
Namiji da mace tare suna kulawa da renon matasa. Sau da yawa zaka iya ganin yadda suke sa ido cikin zuriyarsu, wanda ke zagaye da ramin. A lokacin bazara, iyaye kan yi jigilar yaransu tare da zuriyarsu na wannan shekarar, kuma magaryar bara ta shiga tare da su - ba abin mamaki bane dalilin da yasa za'a iya samun barkewar gado 12 ko sama da haka a cikin rami.
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Hannun Tarbagans
Tarbagan ana iya saukakke
Irin waɗannan matasa tarbagans suna ba da kansu cikakke ga taming, har ma suna amsa sunan barkwanci, suna cin abinci daga hannayensu, kuma suna ci da ban dariya, suna ruɗewa a ƙafafunsu, da na gaba, waɗanda aka matsa a cikin dunkule, suna tura guda cikin bakinsu. Masu gogewa suna matukar son son giya - cookies, sukari, Sweets har ma jam. Suna cin nasara irin wannan gasa mai ban sha'awa, suna rufe idanunsu da walwala. A lokaci guda, makiyayin, tunda ya ci abinci mai ɗanɗano, tilas ya buƙaci ƙarin.
Abun ban dariya da wajan tariki suna da kama da kiliki (kawai cikin ƙarami). Sukan yarda wasa da yara da dabbobi, suna gudu, suna birgima, yi birgima da wasa da dariya suna kama abokin wasa a wasan tare da haƙoransu masu ƙarfi (alhali basu taɓa cizo ba).
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Abokan Tarbagan
Tarbagan da ya manyanta bashi da abokan gaba a cikin dabbobi. Sai kyarkeci da mikiya na zinari suka auka mata. Amma, kasancewa dabba dabba mai hankali, tare da haɓaka da ji sosai da hangen nesa, Tarbagan ya kula da hanzarin lura da haɗarin kuma ya amsa shi da saurin walƙiya. Hakanan an sauƙaƙe wannan ta rayuwar mulkin mallaka na waɗannan masu hawan gola, da isasshen sigina daga dabba ɗaya daga irin wannan mulkin, kamar yadda sauran masu golf ɗin suke gudu zuwa ga ajiyar kayan cetonsu.
Abin lura anan shine cewa predan tsirarun ƙasa za su iya korar ƙasarsu daga hannun bagan takaran su. Don haka, da zarar likitan dabbobi ɗaya ya sami nasarar lura da hoto mai ban sha'awa -
'Yan rataya sun bi sahu, wanda ke gudana zuwa ƙasarsu. A lokaci guda, ɗayan dabbobin har ma ya tashi a kan ƙafafunsa na baya don mafi kyawun ganin abokan gaba. Bayan haka, ya yi kakkausar murya mai kauri kuma ya sheƙa zuwa ƙwararren. Sauran 'yan tarbar din sun goyi bayan maharin tare da kuka. Yakamata yakamata ya gudu, ya bar wannan yankin ba tare da komai ba.
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Tarbagan darajar kamun kifi
Matsayi mai girma da kuma mazaunin tuddai, tarbagan shine ɗayan mahimman kasuwancin.
A farkon karni na 20, fatalwar fata ta shigo da Mongolia sama da kashi 50% na yawan kudin da wannan kasar ta samu daga ciniki.
Amma, ban da fur ɗin jakunkuna, asarar waɗannan golf da nama suna da matukar daraja.
A lokaci guda, kamun kifin tarbagans yana da dogon tarihi. Kuma, da farko wadannan dabbobi ba a fara neman dabbar da za su ci ba, sai don naman su. Kuma, a yau zaku iya haɗuwa da mafarauta waɗanda ke da sha'awar tarbagans na musamman daga yanayin abinci, da konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, dangane da girke-girke na musamman don dafa abinci, ba a amfani da su kwata-kwata. Irin wannan kwano na naman tarbagan ana kiransa gemu, don ɗaure daga kalmar Mongolian.
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Tarbagan girke-girke na boodykha
Irin waɗannan mutane masu gemu suna shirye kamar haka - an rataye dabbar da masu yanka a waya, ba su cire Shurka ba, kuma ta hanyar karamin rami tsakanin hamsin da suke cirewa. Irin wannan jaka na fatalwar fata tare da nama an gasa. Abubuwan ciki ana ɗaukar su a matsayin abubuwan cin abinci - hanta da ƙodan su kuma an sanya su a cikin wannan "jakar". Tare da su suna sanya pebbles suna ƙone wuta a tsakiyar. Don kiyaye kyakkyawan ƙanshin irin wannan tasa - wuyan gawa yana ɗaure sosai. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi na ciki, ulu fara slime. Ana iya cire shi sauƙi tare da hannuwanku. Sa'an nan gawa yana soyayyen har sai launin ruwan kasa. Bayan an yanka shi kadan, ana cire pebbles kuma ana ɗauka tasa a shirye.
Abin lura ne cewa wannan hanyar shirya tana kama da na al'ada. Lallai, ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ciki, ana kiran shi bodyhan shul, mafarautan sha manya.
Af, Marco Polo yana masa lakabi da Tarbaganov ... beraye, ya rubuta a cikin bayanansa cewa yan gari suna son cin irin waɗannan dabbobi.
Tarbagan farauta
Ana iya farautar Tarbagan ta hanyoyi da yawa. Amma, galibi mafarauta suna amfani da ƙananan makamai. Kuma, don kusanci dabbar a nesa da harbi - suna amfani da dabaru na musamman. Wadannan fasahohin sun wanzu daga waɗancan lokutan da aka fara neman irin waɗannan marmots da bakuna. Don haka, mafarauci wanda ke bin tarbagan yana sanya sutura ta musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi doguwar farar fata daga gashin akuya. A kansa yana sanye da fararen hular fari da kunnuwa masu tsayi, kamar na jaki. A cikin wannan rigar, shan bindiga a hannu daya da wutsiyar kiwan a daya, maharbi yana fara yin zagaye da da'irori ga 'yan Tarbagans, kullun suna sumbatarwa da kuma tsotsan wutsiyar yak, kuma wani lokacin suna kwance a kasa, suna birgima a kasa. Bagan waje, da suke ganin abin da ba a fahimta ba, suna tsaye kusa da ramukarsu suna ihu ba tare da ɓaci ba, amma kada ku ɓoye, saboda suna sha'awar sanin wane irin dabba ne. Saboda haka, mafarauci ya kusance su da nesa daga harbi kuma yana iya farawa.
Hakanan zaka iya farautar tarbagan tare da karnuka, kama shi a cikin tarko da madaukai, tsira daga rami tare da ruwa, tono daga rami a cikin hunturu ...
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Inda kuma tarbagan
Tarbagans suna zaune ba kawai a tsaunin Mongolia ba, har ma a tsaunukan tsakiyar Asiya. Kuma a nan akwai dangi na kusa da Tarbagan - marmot baibak - da ke zaune a Rasha, Ukraine, Kazakhstan ...
A yau munyi magana game da irin wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa kamar tarbagan. Sun koya game da mazauninsa, halayensa, halayensa, game da farauta gopher yana ƙimar irin wannan gopher da yadda ake farautarsa. Idan kun ziyarci Mongolia ko wasu ƙasashe inda aka samo tarbagan, tabbas za ku sami wannan dabbar.
Shin kun taɓa farautar tarbagan ko baibaka? Raba kwarewarku ta farauta.
An shirya labarin ne bisa kayan Farfesa A. Bannikov da aka karɓa daga kafofin kyauta.
Anan zaka iya karanta game da sifofin farauta a Kyrgyzstan.
Muna jiran ra'ayoyin ku da ra'ayoyin ku, shiga cikin kungiyar mu ta VKontakte!
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Ana samun marmots na Mongolia a cikin lardin na Arewa, kamar dukkan takwarorinsu, amma mazaunin ya haɗu zuwa kudu maso gabashin Siberiya, Mongolia da arewacin China. Yana da al'ada a rarrabe tsakanin ra'ayoyi biyu na tarbagan. Talakawa ko Marmota sibirica sibirica suna zaune a Transbaikalia, Mongolia ta Gabas, a China. Peungiyar Khangai masu riƙon Marmota sibirica caliginosus ana samun su a Tuva, yamma da tsakiyar Mongolia.
Tarbagan, kamar yadda kusan goma sha ɗaya ke da alaƙa da nau'ikan marmots guda biyar da ke raye a cikin duniya a yau, sun fito daga reshen halittar Marmota daga Prospermophilus a Late Miocene. Yawan nau'ikan halittu a cikin Pliocene sun yawaita. Tarayyar Turai ta kasance kwanan wata daga Pliocene, kuma Arewacin Amurka sun yi kwanan wata a ƙarshen Miocene.
Abubuwan marmots na zamani sun riƙe da wasu abubuwa na musamman na tsarin ginin kwandon shara Paramyidae na zamanin Oligocene fiye da sauran wakilan dabbobin duniya. Ba kai tsaye ba, amma mafi kusancin dangi na marmots na zamani sune Amurka Palearctomys Douglass da Arktomyoides Douglass, waɗanda suka zauna a cikin Miocene a cikin ciyayi da gandun daji masu ƙyalli.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Abinda Tarbagan yayi kama
Tsawon gawa shine 56.5 cm, wutsiyarsa ita ce 10.3 cm, wanda yake kusan 25% na tsawon jikin mutum. Kwanyar tana da tsawon 8.6 - 9.9 mm kuma tana da kunkuntar goshin kai da babban ƙyalli. A cikin tarbagan, ba a bayyana shi azaman ƙwayar cuta kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran nau'in halitta ba. Gashi, gajere, taushi. Launi mai launin toka-mai-launin toka-daidai ne, amma yana jujjuyawa, amma idan aka kusa bincika, tokaɗan bakin ciki na gashin kansa na waje. Halfasan rabin gawa mai launin shuɗi. A bangarorin, launi yana gudana kuma ya bambanta da baya da ciki.
Saman kai yayi duhu, yayi kama da hula, musamman lokacin kaka, bayan molting. Bai wuce layin da ke haɗa tsakiyar kunnuwa ba. A cheeks, vibrissae suna haske kuma launinta launinsu hade. Sarari tsakanin idanu da kunnuwa kuma yana da haske. Wasu lokuta kunnuwa suna dan ja sosai, amma kuma sau da yawa, launin toka. Yankin ya ɗan yi duhu a idanu, kuma fararen fata a kusa da lebe, amma akwai iyakar baki a cikin sasanninta da kan nonon. Wutsiya, kamar launi ta baya, mai duhu ko launin toka-mai launin ruwan ƙasa akan ƙarshen, kamar yadda yake kasan ƙasansa.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan dutsen suna da matukar inganci fiye da motsi. Canje-canje ga rayuwa a cikin abubuwan ɓoyewa da buƙata ta tono su tare da haƙoransu ya shafi gajarta ta, an maido da ƙashin bayan ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobin, musamman chipmunks. Fingerafin yatsa na huɗu na sandent yana ƙaruwa sama da na uku, kuma farkon farkon zama ba ya nan. Tarbagans basu da alamun kunci. Girman dabbobi ya kai kilogiram 6-8, wanda ya kai nauyin kilogram 9.8, kuma a ƙarshen bazara 25% na nauyi mai nauyi, kimanin 2-2.3 kg. Mai kitse mai sau biyu sau 2 sau ƙasa da mai mai mai.
Tarbagans na arewacin yanki na kewayon sun yi girma kaɗan. A cikin tsaunuka, ana samun manya-manyan launuka masu duhu. Samfuran gabashin duniya sun fi sauki, nesa da yamma, mafi duhu launin dabbobi. M. s. sibirica karami ce kuma tayi haske a girmanta da “hula” mai duhu. M. s. caliginosus ya fi girma, ana fentin saman a cikin launuka masu duhu, zuwa launin ruwan kasa, kuma ba a ambatar hula kamar yadda yake a cikin abubuwan da suka gabata, fur ɗin ya ɗan daɗe.
Ina tarbagan zama?
Hoto: Mongolian tarbagan
Tarbagany ana samun su a cikin ƙafafun ƙafa da ƙananan bishiyun makiyaya. Gidajensu tare da isasshen ciyayi don wuraren kiwo: makiyaya, ciyayi, tuddai, tuddai, tuddai, tuddai, tuddai, kwari koguna, kwari. Ana iya same su a tsawan sama da nisan mil 3.8 a saman matakin teku. m., amma kada ku zauna a cikin ciyawa mai tsabta. Solonchaks, kunkuntar gullies da hollows suma an hana su.
A arewa na kewayon, suna zaune tare da kudanci, tsaunin da ke cike da zafi, amma gefunan daji zasu iya mamaye su. Abubuwan da aka fi so sune mazaunin ƙafa da ƙafa. A irin wa annan wurare, bambancin yanayin wuri yana ba wa dabbobin abinci abinci na ɗan lokaci. Akwai wuraren da ciyawa ke zama kore a farkon bazara da kuma wurare masu duhu inda ciyayi ba sa ƙonewa a lokacin rani na dogon lokaci. Dangane da wannan, ƙaura yanayi na tarbagans yana faruwa. Yanayi na hanyoyin nazarin halittu yana shafar ayyukan rayuwa da haifuwar dabbobi.
Kamar yadda tsire-tsire ke ƙonewa, ana kuma lura da ƙaurawar tarbagan, za a iya lura da iri ɗaya a cikin tsaunuka, gwargwadon motsi na shekara-shekara na ƙyalƙyalin hutu, ƙaurawar ƙaura. Motsi na tsaye na iya zama mita 800-1000 a tsayi. Kasuwanci suna zaune a wurare daban daban na M. s. sibirica ya mamaye ƙananan matakai, da M. s. caliginosus yakan tashi sama a tsaunin tsauni da gangara.
Siberian marmot fi son da mataki:
- hatsi dutsen da situdi, ba wuya,
- Forbs (rawa),
- gashin tsuntsu-ciyawa, baƙauye, gauraye da sedge da Forbs.
Lokacin zabar mazaunin maza, waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan shimfidar wuri ana zaɓan tarbagans - a cikin ƙananan ciyayi. A cikin Transbaikalia da gabashin Mongolia, ta zauna a cikin tsaunuka tare da yin laushi da gulles, har ma da tsaunuka. A da, shinge na mazauna ya kai yankin dajin. Yanzu an tanada dabbar mafi kyau a cikin yankin tsaunin Hentei da kuma tsaunukan yammacin Transbaikalia.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun tarbagan. Bari mu ga abin da ƙasa take ci.
Me tarbagan yake ci?
Hoto: Marmot Tarbagan
Abubuwan farin ruwa na Siberian suna herbivorous kuma suna ci kore sassan tsirrai: hatsi, asteraceae, kwari.
A cikin yammacin Transbaikalia, babban abincin abinci na tarbagans shine:
- tansy,
- feshe,
- Kaleria
- ciyawar mafarki
- buttercups
- astragalus,
- alƙawarin,
- Dandelion,
- mai ban tsoro,
- buckwheat
- bindiga
- cymbaria
- shirin,
- kumburi,
- filin
- garin burodi
- har da nau'ikan albasa na daji da daskararre.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da aka tsare su a zaman talala, waɗannan dabbobin sun ci nau'ikan tsire-tsire 33 daga 54 waɗanda suka girma a cikin tsaunukan Transbaikalia.
Akwai canji a cikin ciyarwar kullun. A lokacin bazara, yayin da ake da karancin ciyayi, idan kwastomomin sun bar burrows, suna cin ciyawar da take girma daga hatsi da warkoki, rhizomes da kwararan fitila.Daga Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, suna da abinci mai yawa, suna iya ciyar da kawunan shugabannin Asteraceae da suka fi so, waɗanda ke ɗauke da furotin da yawa da sauƙi abubuwa masu narkewa. Tun daga watan Agusta, da kuma a cikin shekarun bushewa da na baya, lokacin da ciyayi masu ƙonewa suke ƙonewa, ƙwayoyin hatsi masu ƙarfi sun daina cin su, amma a cikin inuwa, cikin abubuwan kwantar da hankali, ciyawar har da ciyawar har yanzu ana kiyaye su.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, marwan Siberiya ba sa cin abincin dabbobi, a zaman bauta an ba su tsuntsaye, dabbobin ƙasa, ciyawa, gwoza, larvae, amma tarbagans ɗin ba su karɓi wannan abincin ba. Amma tabbas, idan akwai fari kuma da karancin abinci, suna cin abincin dabbobi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: 'Ya'yan itãcen tsire-tsire, tsaba ba su narke ta da marmots na Siberian ba, amma ana shuka su, kuma tare da takin gargajiya da aka yafa masa wani yanki na ƙasa, wannan yana inganta yanayin shimfidar wuri.
Tarbagan yana cin abinci daga kilogram ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi na taro a kowace rana. Dabba ba ta shan ruwa. Ana samun tarar ƙasa a farkon bazara tare da kusan wadataccen kitse na mai, kamar mai ƙashin ciki, yana fara cinyewa tare da ƙaruwa cikin aiki. Sabon kitse ya fara tarawa a ƙarshen Mayu - Yuli.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hanyar rayuwar tarbagan ta yi daidai da halaye da rayuwar marmot, launin toka, amma burzansu yana da zurfi, duk da cewa adadin ɗakuna ba su da ƙasa. Sau da yawa fiye da ba, wannan shine babban kyamara ɗaya. A cikin tsaunuka, nau'in ƙauyuka na da kyau da ɗaure. Abubuwan fashewa don hunturu, amma ba wurare a gaban ɗakin shaƙatawa ba, sun kasance tare da tarko a cikin matattarar ƙasa. A kan filayen tuddai masu tsayi, alal misali, kamar a Dauria, masarautar Bargoy, ƙauyukan Mongolian marmot duk an rarraba su a kan babban yanki.
Wintering, dangane da mazauninsu da shimfidar wuri, shine watanni 6 - 7.5. Harkokin hijabi a cikin kudu maso gabashin Transbaikalia yana faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba, ana iya tsawaita aiwatar da kanta na kwanaki 20-30. Dabbobin da ke rayuwa kusa da hanyoyi ko kuma inda mutum ke damun su ba sa tafiya da mai da kyau kuma su kwana cikin hijabi.
Zurfin ramin, adadin zuriyar dabbobi da dabbar dabbobi yana ba ka damar kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin a matakin digiri 15. Idan ya sauka zuwa sifili, to dabbobin zasu shiga halin barcinsu kuma tare da motsin su suna hura wutar juna da sararin samaniya. Burbushin, wanda mahaɗan Mongoliya ke amfani da shi tsawon shekaru, yana ƙaruwa da manyan kwararar ƙasa. Sunan cikin gari don irin waɗannan marmots butanes. Girman su ya fi girma na baibaks ko marmots dutsen. Mafi girman tsayi shine mita 1, kimanin mita 8 a tsallake. Wani lokaci zaku iya samun mafi yawan marmots - har zuwa mita 20.
A cikin sanyi, hunturu mai sanyi, tarbagans waɗanda basa tara mai mutu. Dabbobin da ba su cika ba suna mutuwa a farkon bazara, yayin da ake ƙarancin abinci ko lokacin dusar ƙanƙara a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Da farko dai, waɗannan matasa ne waɗanda ba su da lokacin yin kitsen mai. A cikin bazara, tarbagans suna da aiki sosai, suna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a farfajiya, suna da nisa daga ramuka, zuwa inda ciyawar ta canza launin kore ta tsakanin mita 150-300. Yawancin lokaci grazed akan marmots, inda ciyayi ke farawa a baya.
A kwanakin rani, dabbobin suna cikin mawuyacin hali, da wuya suzo farfajiya. Suna fita don cin abinci lokacin da zafi yayi sanyi. A cikin kaka, marwanin Siberian masu nauyin kiba suna kwance akan marmots, amma waɗanda basu sami kiba mai yawan wahala ba. Bayan farko na yanayin sanyi, masu wuya tarbagans barin rami, har ma a, kawai a cikin sa'o'i na yamma. Makonni biyu kafin fara'a, dabbobi fara rayayye girbi zuriyar dabbobi na hunturu jam'i.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Tarbagan daga littafin janjama
Dabbobin suna zaune a mazauna gidaje, suna sadarwa da juna da sauti kuma suna iya sarrafa yankin. Don yin wannan, suna zaune a kan kafafunsu na baya, suna kallon duniya. Don mafi girman ra'ayi, suna da manyan convex idanu, waɗanda aka sanya mafi girma zuwa kambi kuma kara zuwa ga bangarorin. Tarbagans sun gwammace su zauna a wani yanki na kadada 3 zuwa 6, amma a cikin mummunan yanayin zasu rayu a hekta 1.7 - 2.
Jirgin ruwan Siberiya yana amfani da burrows na ƙarni da yawa, idan ba wanda ya dame su. A cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, inda ƙasa ba ta bada izinin tono burrows mai zurfi, akwai lokuta idan mutane sama da 15 suka yi hibernate a cikin ɗaki ɗaya, amma a matsakaita dabbobi 3-4-5 hunturu a cikin burrows. A zuriyar dabbobi nauyi a cikin hunturu gida na iya isa 7 kg.
Amsar, da kuma ba da jimawa hadi, zai faru a marmots na Mongolian bayan farkawa cikin lokutan hunturu, kafin su kai ga farfajiya. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 30-42, lactation din yayi daidai. Surchat, bayan sati daya zasu iya tsotse madara su cinye ciyayi. Akwai jarirai 4-5 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Matsayin mata da maza kusan daidai yake. A cikin shekarar farko, kashi 60% na offspringa diean ke mutuwa.
Matasa masu shekaru uku har zuwa shekara uku basu barin nauyin iyayensu ko kuma har zuwa lokacin balaga ta bayyana. Sauran membobin mulkin mallaka na dangi sun haɗu da haɓaka yara, akasarinsu a cikin yanayin thermoregulation yayin hurawa. Irin wannan kulawa ta jiki tana inganta rayuwar rayuwar gaba daya. Mulkin mallaka a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsayayyen ya ƙunshi mutane 10-15, a ƙarƙashin yanayin mummunan daga 2-6. Kusan 65% na mata masu yin jima'i suna shiga cikin kiwo. Wannan nau'in marmots ya zama ya dace don haifuwa a shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa a Mongolia da kuma na uku a Transbaikalia.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin Mongolia, mafarautan 'yan shekarun shekara suna kiran "mund",' yan shekaru biyu - "cauldron", 'yan shekaru uku - "sharakhazzar". Namiji namiji - "burkh", mace - "tarch".
Abokan halitta na 'yan Tarbagans
Daga cikin masu tayar da zaune tsaye, mikiyar gwal ita ce mafi hatsari ga marmot Siberiya, kodayake ba a gama gari ba ne a Transbaikalia. Matakan gaggafa a kan dabbobi da marasa lafiya, kuma suna cin mushe. Tsakiyar Asiya ta Tsakiya ta raba wannan dabbobin abinci tare da gaggafa, suna wasa da tsarin mai ladabi. Tarbagans suna jan hankalin ungulu da shaho. Daga cikin tetrapods na tsinkaye, karnukan karnuka suna haifar da babbar illa ga marwan Mongoliya, kuma adadin dabbobin na iya raguwa sakamakon harin karnukan da suka ɓace. Cutar dusar ƙanƙara da bera mai launin ruwan kasa na iya farautar su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayinda tarbagans suna aiki, kyarkeci ba sa kaiwa garken tumaki. Bayan rodents suna hibernate, masu cinye launin toka sun canza zuwa dabbobi.
Dawakai sau da yawa suna kwanciya da marmots matasa. Tare da nasara ana farautarsu ta corsac da light ferret. 'Yan ta'addar ba sa kai hari kan marwan Mongolia kuma ba su kula da su. Amma mafarautan sun gano ragowar lambar a cikin ɓarjin, a cikin girman ana iya ɗauka cewa sun yi ƙanana kaɗan har yanzu ba su bar rami ba. Ana ba da damuwa ga tarbagans ta fleas da ke zaune a cikin ulu, ixodid da ƙananan ticks, lice. A karkashin fata, larvae na fata gadfly na iya parasitize. Dabbobi kuma suna wahala daga coccidia da nematodes. Wadannan cututtukan ciki na ciki suna kawo baƙin ciki har zuwa gaji har ma da mutuwa.
Tarbaganov yana amfani da yawan mutanen gari don abinci. A Tuva da Buryatia, ba haka ba ne sau da yawa a yanzu (watakila saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbar ta zama mai ɗanɗano), amma a cikin Mongolia ko'ina. An dauki naman dabba mai daɗi, ana amfani da mai ba kawai don abinci ba, har ma don shirye-shiryen magunguna. Ba a yaba da fatalwar fatalwar zamani ba, amma sabbin fasahohin zamani na miya da bushe-bushe na iya kwaikwayon furcinsu don ƙarin ƙamshin Jawo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan tarbagan ya dagula lamarin, to hakanan baya tsalle daga ramin. Lokacin da mutum ya fara hako shi, dabbar zata yi tono mai zurfi da zurfi, kuma motsi bayan da kansa ya toshe tare da wata turbar ƙasa. Dabbobin da aka kama suna mummunar tsayayya kuma suna iya yin mummunan rauni, suna jingina ga mutum tare da mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Abin da yayi kama da tarbagan
Yawan tarbagan ya ragu sosai a ƙarni da suka gabata. Wannan sananne ne musamman a Rasha.
- dabbobin da ba a santa ba,
- budurwa masu narkar da ƙasa a Transbaikalia da Dauria,
- musamman wargajewa don ware barkewar annoba (tarbagan mai saurin yaduwar wannan cuta).
A cikin shekaru 30-40 na arni na ƙarshe a Tuva, tare da tudun Tannu-Ola, akwai mutane ƙasa da dubu 10. A yammacin Transbaikalia, yawansu a cikin 30s ya kasance kusan dabbobi dubu 10. A kudu maso gabashin Transbaikalia a farkon karni na ashirin. akwai jakadu masu yawa da yawa, kuma a tsakiyar karni akan wurare iri ɗaya, akasari a cikin rarraba ra'ayoyi, yawan jama'a basu wuce mutum 10 a 1 km2 ba. Yankin arewa na tashar Kailastui a cikin ƙaramin yanki shine adadi mai yawa na raka'a 30. a kan 1 km2. Amma yawan dabbobin yana raguwa koyaushe, saboda al'adun farauta suna da ƙarfi a tsakanin jama'ar yankin.
Kimanin adadin dabbobi a duniya kusan miliyan 10 A cikin 84, karni na 20. A Rasha, akwai mutane kusan 38,000, ciki har da:
- a Buryatia - 25,000,
- a Tuva - 11000,
- a cikin Transbaikalia ta Kudu - 2000.
Yanzu yawan dabbar ya ragu sau da yawa, yana da yawan tallafi daga ƙungiyoyin Tarbagans daga Mongolia. Farauta dabbobi a Mongolia a cikin 90s ya rage yawan jama'a a nan da kashi 70%, yana canzawa da wannan nau'in daga “damuwa mafi ƙaranci” zuwa “cikin haɗari”. Dangane da bayanan farauta da aka rubuta don 1942-1960. Sanin kowa ne cewa a shekarar 1947 haramtacciyar ciniki ya kai ganga raka'a miliyan 2.5. A lokacin daga shekarar 1906 zuwa 1994, a kalla fata miliyan 104.2 miliyan aka shirya sayarwa a Mongolia.
Hakikanin adadin fatalwar da aka sayar ya zarce yawan farauta fiye da sau uku. A shekara ta 2004, an kwace sama da 117 dubu da suka shigo da fata ba bisa ka'ida ba. Harshen farauta ya faru ne tunda farashin konkoma karãtunsa fãtun ya ƙaru, kuma dalilai kamar ingantattun hanyoyi da hanyoyin sufuri suna ba da dama ga mafarauta don bincika wuraren mulkin mallaka.
Kariyar Tarbagan
Hoto: Tarbagan daga littafin janjama
A cikin Littafin Red na Rasha, dabba ita ce, kamar yadda a cikin jerin IUCN, a cikin rukunin “masu haɗari” - wannan yawan jama'a ne a kudu maso gabashin Transbaikalia, a cikin rukunin “raguwa” a Tyva, Northeast Transbaikalia. An kare dabbar a cikin rijiyar Borgoysky da Orotsky, a cikin reshen Sokhondinsky da Daursky, har ma a Buryatia da Ter-Baikal Territory. Don kare da dawo da yawan jama'ar waɗannan dabbobin, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar wuraren tsabtace wurare na daji, da kuma matakan sake haɓakawa, amfani da mutane daga ƙauyuka masu wadata.
Amincin wannan nau'in dabbobi ya kamata kuma a la'akari dashi saboda rayuwar tarbagans tana da tasiri sosai a cikin shimfidar wuri. Flora a kan marmots ya fi salma, ƙasa da haɗuwa ga ƙoshin wuta. Marwan Mongoliya sune nau'ikan fure waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a bangarorin biogeographic. A Mongolia, an ba da izinin farauta daga 10 ga Agusta 10 zuwa Oktoba 15, gwargwadon canje-canje a yawan dabbobi. An hana farauta farauta a 2005, 2006. Tarbagan yana cikin jerin dabbobi da ba kasafai na Mongolia ba. Yana faruwa a cikin yankunan da aka kiyaye cikin kewayon (kusan 6% na kewayon).
Tarbagan wancan dabba, wanda yana da lambobi da yawa. Ofayansu yana a cikin Krasnokamensk kuma yanki ne mai siffofi biyu a cikin ma'adanin da mafarauci, wannan alama ce ta dabba, wacce kusan ta lalata a Dauria. An kuma sake yin wani zanen birni a Angarsk, inda a ƙarshen karni na karshe aka samar da hulɗa daga tarbagan fur. Akwai babban adadin adadi biyu a Tuva kusa da ƙauyen Mugur-Aksy. Wuraren sarauta biyu don tarbagan an gina su a Mongolia: ɗayan a cikin Ulan Bator, ɗayan kuma ya zama tarko, a ƙashin gabashin Mongolia.
Samun Taswirar Kalmar Daidaita Tare
Sannu! Sunana Lampobot, Ni shirin komputa ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen yin Taswirar Kalmar Magana. Na san yadda ake kirgawa, amma har yanzu ban fahimci yadda duniyarku take aiki ba. Ka taimake ni in tantance ta!
Na gode! Na zama mafi ɗan fahimta da fahimtar duniyar motsin zuciyarmu.
Tambaya: kumburi Shin tsaka tsaki, tabbatacce ne, ko mara kyau?