Mouflon yana daya daga cikin tsoffin wakilan duniyar dabbobi. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittun ana ɗaukarsu magabatan tumakin cikin gida. Ko da waɗanda ba su taɓa ganin rago ba, za su iya gane ta ta yanayin sifofinsa na zagaye.
Mouflon Mountain Ram Halayen
Mouflons na daji sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin Eurasia, duk da haka, saboda sabon salo na ƙaho da gashi mai mahimmanci, ana farauta su a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Bijirar da dabbobin dabba ta hanyar ɗan adam ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu nau'ikan Mouflon an jera su a cikin littafin Red. A yau, ana adana irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin wuraren ajiyar dabbobi da wuraren kiwon dabbobi, kuma a wasu ƙasashe ana buge su a gida.
Range da nau'in dabbobi
Mouflon dabbobi ne masu yawan tsire-tsire iri iri, mazaunin cikinsu shine mafi yawan tsaunukan tsaunuka. Waɗannan tumakin sune magabatan tumaki na gida kuma suna cikin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wakilan duniyar dabbobi.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan biyu na wannan irin, waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin yanayin rayuwarsu da mazauninsu:
- Turakin Turai,
- Mouflon daji na Asiya, ko Arkal.
Europeanwararrun tsibiri na Turai suna zaune a tsaunukan tuddai na Bahar Rum, musamman wakilansu suna zaune:
Mouflon na Turai yana zaune a Armenia da Iraq. Hakanan ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin Crimea, inda aka shigo da shi daga ƙasashen kudu. Mouflon ya dace da yanayin Crimean, kuma yana jagorantar rayuwa mai son kai na cikin masu ajiya. A cikin kasashen Turai, ana ɗaukar tumakin dutsen na ƙarshe da ke zama a mazauninsa na asali.
Rawan daji na Asiya ya bambanta da nau'in Turai a cikin tsarin jikinta mai girma, ƙari, ƙahon raguna na gabashin gabas an karkatar da baya, kuma ba a garesu ba. Kuna iya rarrabe tsakanin mouflon Turai da Asiya ta hoto.
Yankin gabashin artiodactyl shine kudancin Asiya. Ana samun Mouflon a cikin ƙasashe kamar:
Hakanan ana samun Arkal a yankin Kazakhstan, wanda mazauna garin ke girmamawa da wannan ma'adinan. Ana samun tumakin Ustyurt a cikin shingen Mangyshlak da Ustyurt.
Bayyanar
Mouflon Turai, moufrone (tumaki), moufra (tumaki) - tumakin daji, a cikin manyan duwatsun Corsica da Sardinia, tumakin daji kawai na Turai. Cike a cikin Crimea. Mayafin ya zama gajere, santsi mai dacewa, elongated akan kirji, gefen sama yana launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda a lokacin rani tare da baya mai duhu, ƙwallon ƙwallo a cikin hunturu, ƙananan gefen fari ne, tsawon tsawon namiji shine 1.25 m, wanda 10 cm shine tsawon wutsiya, tsawo kafada 70 cm , namiji ya girma lokacin farin ciki, triangular a sashin sashin giciye, har zuwa 65 cm tsayi, tare da nauyin 30-40, nauyin nauyin 40-50. Mace tana da sauki, karami kuma mafi yawan lokuta ba ta da kaho, ana samun kahon mace a yanayi na musamman, sannan kuma kadan ne.
Motsalon dutse na Transcaucasian rago ne na matsakaici ko ƙaramin ƙasa. Tsawon tsayi a kafadu shine 84-92 cm, tsayin jikin mutum zai iya kai cm 150. Yawan maza shine kilogiram 53-79, kuma na mace 36–46 kg. Transcaucasian mouflons galibi suna da girma fiye da tumakin gida. Jikinsu yana da ƙarfi da siriri. Kakakin suna da girma, karkatacciyar karkatacciya, trihedral, basu da juyi daya. Ana yin ƙaho zuwa farko gaba da gaba, daga baya, zuwa ƙasa, ƙarshen ya juya zuwa ciki. Kakakin maza sun bambanta sosai cikin tsayi da fadi da yawa, kyawun su a gindi ya kai cm 21-30. Kakakin matan ƙanana ne, mara nauyi, mai kauri kaɗan, galibi ba ya nan. A kan ƙahoni, ana iya ganin abubuwa masu juzu'ai masu yawa.
Kwanyar cikin maza shine 225-297 mm a tsayi, kuma a cikin mata shine 208-264 mm tare da ɗan gajeren sashin gaban. Maganin preorbital fossae yana da zurfi. Tsawon tsauraran matakan jaraba ya wuce kyautar su a gindi. A cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi akwai hakoran kususuwa uku a kowane ɓangaren.
Launi
A lokacin zafi, mouflon na Asiya yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da gajeriyar fur. A cikin hunturu, launi yana da launin ruwan kasa, tare da sautunan launin fari da fari. Ciki da ciki na kafafu sun fi sauki, da launin shuɗi ko fari. Akwai ƙungiya mai duhu akan dutsen, mafi ma'ana a cikin dabbobi manya. Tare da bango na wuyan wucin gadi, ƙasashen Asiya yawanci suna da murfin baƙar fata-fari da fari. Matasan mouflon suna rufe da furfura mai kauri mai launin shuɗi.
Daga ƙarshen Fabrairu, mouflon na Asiya ya fara molt, yawanci yana ƙare daga Mayu. Daga Mayu zuwa Agusta akwai lokacin aski. A watan Satumba, Jawo lokacin hunturu ya fara bayyana, wanda har sai watan Disamba ya cika sosai.
Yaɗa
Mouflon daji na Turai ya rayu ne kawai a tsibiran Corsica da Sardinia, amma an zaunar dashi sosai a yankuna na kudancin Turai. Cike a cikin Crimea. Tana zaune a buɗe sararin samaniya tare da ɗan sauƙi kaɗan, ƙetaren tsaunin tuddai. Ana kiyaye ta ta hanyar garken da aka cakuda, wasu lokuta manya-manyan. A lokacin rani, maza da mata suna zama dabam. A lokacin hada-hada, wanda ke faruwa a cikin faduwar, fadace-fadace ya tashi tsakanin maza.
An rarraba mouflon Asiya daga Transcaucasia da kuma sassan kudancin Turkmenistan da Tajikistan zuwa Bahar Rum da arewa maso yammacin Indiya. A cikin kaka ta 2018, an gano mouflon a kan yankin Ustyurt a yammacin Kazakhstan.
Mouflons da mutum
Neman mouflons ya ci gaba tun lokacin da. Ingantaccen nasarar da ake amfani da shi ta mashigar Turai yana da matukar girma a kimiyance da mahimmanci, tunda yana iya haɓaka nau'in jinsin kyawawan farauta da dabbobi masu kasuwanci. Mouflons suna ba da nama mai daɗi, fata. Matsayin magabacin tumaki na gida, mouflon yana iya sauƙaƙar gicciye tsakanin nau'ikan tumaki, da inganta haɓakarsu, sabili da haka yana iya zama farkon farkon hybridization. Masanin ilimin kimiyya M.F. Ivanov, ta amfani da mouflon, ya buge da sabon nau'in tumaki - merino na dutse, wanda zai iya kiwo a makiyaya na tsawan shekara guda.
Yanayi da rayuwar tumakin jeji
Artiodactyls sun fi son hanyar ƙaura. Hanyar motsin su shine yawanci ana yin sa tsakanin ramuka na ruwa da kuma wuraren kiwo. Dabbobi suna zaune a ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi. Ba kamar awaki na daji ba, Arkals ɗin suna jin rashin tsaro a yankuna masu dutse.
Raguna na dabbar suna jagorantar rayuwa irin ta yau da kullun, suna bacci da rana a cikin tsaunin dutse ko tsayawa na gandun daji. Matan da ke da raguna suna kirkirar garken dabbobi har sama da 100.
Maza sun gwammace da salon rayuwa, kawance da garke yayin lokacin kiwo. Artiodactyls yana da halayen tsari mai tsayi: maza :an shekaru 3 basu da damar yin aure kuma an kori manyan mutane.
A cikin daji a cikin dabba, magabatan halitta sune:
Ga matasa dabbobi, dawakai ko karen daji na iya zama haɗari.
Artiodactyl na waje
Wakilan ƙabilar Turai sun fi na tumaki gida. Artiodactyls na wannan nau'in suna da irin waɗannan halaye:
- Tsawon ragon dattijo shine 90 cm, tsawon jikin yana da kimanin santimita 131.
- Yawan nauyin mace ya kai kilo 30, namiji yakan ninka nauyin kilo 50 saboda manyan kaho.
- Shekarun dabbobin an tantance shi da haɓaka-kamar zoben ƙarfe a kan ƙaho.
- Mace yawanci ba ta da kaho ko tana da ƙananan kaho.
- Cikakken gashi ya lullube launi, gwargwadon lokacin shekara: a lokacin rani, aski yana da launi ja, a cikin hunturu inuwa ta zama duhu.
Mouflon ana saninsa da ɓarnar baƙar fata a baya. Abun ciki, hancin hancin ciki da na hooves yawanci haske ne a launi.
Wakilan Asiya irinsu suna da babban tsarin jiki, kuma gemu a fuska kuma halayyar mashinan Armeniya ce. A waje na ragon daji ta gabas ya ƙunshi waɗannan fasali:
- Tsawon dabba dabba ya kai 95 cm, tsayin jikin mutum shine 150 cm.
- Yawan nauyin namiji ya bambanta daga kilogiram 53 zuwa 80, gwargwadon nauyin kaho. Matan sun kai nauyin kilogram 45.
- Kakakin maza suna jujjuya baya, suna da daskararrun har zuwa cm 30 a gindin.
- Matan sun fi yawan kaho.
Launon launi na Arkalov yana kama da dangi na Turai, duk da haka, fararen launi na sternum halayyar gabas ne.
Abincin tumaki na daji
Mouflons sune tsire-tsire, sabili da haka babban ɓangaren abincinsu shine abinci na hatsi da haɓaka. Ana samun dabbar da yawanci akan ƙwaya, don haka cutar da amfanin gona.
Abincin da aka saba da shi na artiodactyl ya ƙunshi abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- abinci kore: ciyawar ciyawa, ciyawar alkama, sedge,
- ciyawa da bishiyoyi,
- namomin kaza da berries,
- gansakuka, lasisi.
A cikin hunturu, artiodactyls suna cire tushen tsiro daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu daraja da tsirrai suna darajta ganyayyaki saboda suna samar da jiki tare da wadatattun sunadarai.
Kiwo
Mace-macen Mouflon sun isa lokacin balaga a shekaru 2, wanda ake ganin shine mafi tsananin yanayin girma tsakanin wasu wakilan artiodactyls. Haihuwa tana da watanni 5, bayan wannan ne ake haihuwar rago ko biyu.
Yankunan suna tsaye a ranarsu ta farko kuma sun iya bin garke. Mafi sau da yawa, haihuwar offspringa fallsan ta faɗi a cikin Maris da Afrilu, tun da yake yana da sauƙin haɓaka raguna a cikin lokacin dumi.
Matsakaicin rayuwar ragon daji yana da shekaru 15. Mouflons na Turai sun fi kyau a cikin bauta. Ba kamar Turai ba, Asuf daji na Mouflon ba shi da asali a cikin zoos.
Mouflon da mutum
Yankin Turai na tumaki na daji ana amfani dashi sosai wurin kiwo. Dangane da wannan nau'in, an samar da sabbin dabbobin tunkiya, wadanda suka sami damar gudanar da kiwo shekara-shekara kan wuraren kiwo. Yankin Turai na dafaffen nama yana da dandano mai kyau, kuma ana amfani da fata a masana'antar hasken wuta.
A cikin hunturu, asirin dabba ya yi kauri da kauri, sabili da haka, ana yin suttattun fur ne daga mouflons a cikin arewacin arewacin. Saboda yawan halaye masu kyau a wasu ƙasashe, ba kawai ana yin farautar dabbobin daji ba ne, har ma da wadatar dabbobi a gonaki.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Mouflon - dabba daga cikin raguna, rayayyun kayan fasaha ne. Mouflons sune mafi kusancin dangi na tumakin daji. Dukkanin dabbobi daga dabi’ar rams suna da abubuwa da yawa dabam dabam da ake samu a yawancin wakilai.
- girma a ƙhersƙasassun har zuwa 65 cm, a cikin mata kuma har zuwa 125 cm a cikin maza,
- ba sa canzawa (ko da wuya - a wasu nau'ikan) canza suturarsu, amma launi ya bambanta daga haske zuwa kusan baki,
- maza yakan kawo saƙa a wuyan wuyansa, kuma tsohuwar tunkiya ce, lokacin farin ciki
- tumaki sukan rikice da awaki, amma sifofin da suka bambanta sune rashin gemu a fuska da kaho mai kauri (cikin awaki suna madaidaiciya),
- raguna suna zaune kimanin shekaru 10-12,
- tumakin suna da ƙaho a cikin karkace, kuma tsoho namiji, da ya fi tsayi ƙaho kuma suna ƙaruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu lokuta, a cikin tsoffin raguna, ƙaho ya kai tsawon wannan har suka fara mannewa da ƙarewar kaifi a cikin kwanyar, yana girma zuwa ciki. Wasu mutane suna mutuwa saboda kaho.
Ofaukar tumaki ya bambanta - zai iya zama mutane masu matsakaici-girma har zuwa 20 kilogiram, da ƙattai na nauyin kilogiram 200. Akwai halittu da yawa a cikin halittar, kowannensu yana da takamaiman adadin ƙwayoyin halittar jini. Duk da bambance-bambancen mai yawa, nau'ikan na iya cakuda kansu. Genetics sunyi amfani da wannan damar don samun mafi inganci, ingantacciyar zuriya na tumaki na gida, waɗanda suke da arziki a cikin ulu, nama da halin ladabi.
Habitat da sifofin mouflon
Ana kiran magabacin tumakin gida mafi ƙanƙan da tumakin dutsen, mouflon. Dabba dabbobin, dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi, raguna, ababan hawa, suna cikin awakin dabbobi da raguna.
Tsawon mutum ya kai mita 0.9, tsawon mita 1.3. Girman mace, kimanin kilo 30 kawai, namiji zai iya yin nauyin kilo 50, saboda girman ƙahonin. Shekaru Mouflon Abu ne mai sauki a gane ta hanyar kirga zoben shekara-shekara a kan zankarorinsa; cikin namiji sunada girma da karkatarwa, yayin da a cikin mata suke kanana, ba a iya ganewa kuma mai lebur.
Gashin dabbar yana da gajeru kuma mai santsi, launi yana canzawa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, yana da launin ja a lokacin rani da launin ruwan kasa a lokacin hunturu. Murfin Jawo lokacin bazara ya wuce har zuwa watan Agusta, sannan aka maye gurbinsa da wata matattarar gashi kuma mafi ingancin yanayin hunturu.
Dabba tana da fasali ɗaya mai ban sha'awa, tun daga kai har zuwa gajerun wutsiya, madaidaiciyar takarda mai baƙar fata ta ratsa duk bayanta. Hanci, ƙananan torso da hooves, fari.
Rarrabe tsakanin mouflon Turai da Asiya, wanda kuma ake kira Ruwan Ustyurt ko jirgin ruwa. Akwai kebantattun sifofi tsakanin su, dangin Asiya dan kadan ne kuma, ba shakka, kowannensu yana da mazauninsa. A cikin jirgin, wadannan su ne Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan da Turkiyya. Ustyursky yana zaune ne a yankin Kazakhstan, a cikin yankin Ustyurt da Mangyshlak.
Ana samun wuraren zama a Turai a tsaunukan Cyprus, Sardinia da Corsica a tsaunin Armeniya da Iraki. Musamman, ana girmama shi da mazaunan Cyprus, suna kiyaye adadin mouflon, suna bauta masa, alama ce ta yanayin tsibirin. Ana nuna su galibi akan tsabar kudi da tambari, Cyprus a wannan batun ba togiya bane, kamar yadda mazaunan Kazakhstan suke.
Yi ƙaura dangane da wurin da wuraren kiwo da kuma Wuraren ruwa. Suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a kan tuddai na laushi da kuma ƙafafun ƙafa, a kan tsaunukan dutse suna yin biris da ƙarfin zuciya kamar garken jeji. Da zarar gefen wani rami ko dutse mai dutse, mouflon ya zama mai taimako gaba daya.
Idan dabbar tana jin haɗarin, zai iya tafiya da sauri cikin wuri a buɗe yayin bayar da siginar sauti mai kaifi da kaifi. A dabi'ance, ana iya kiran manyan magabatan magabatan mouflon;
Bidiyo: Mouflon
Dukkanin raguna dabbobi ne na rana, wanda yake na al'ada ne ga herbivores gabaɗaya, kodayake da dare za su iya sauka zuwa ƙananan lafuzzan don ciyawar ciyawa. Matan da ke dauke da 'yanmata suna hatsi wanda mallakar maza daya ke da rinjaye. Amma maza suna rayuwa a matsayin rukuni na dabam wanda akwai ingantaccen matsayi. An kafa shi da tsawon ƙaho (waɗanda suke da ƙaho mafi tsayi, waɗanda suka fi ƙarfi) ko da taimakon ƙanƙancewa. Maza suna nuna ƙarfinsu a cikin fadace-fadace a kan ƙaho, wani lokacin irin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe sun isa ga mutuwar abokan adawar.
Yawancin nau'in tumakin sun fi son zama a cikin tsaunukan tuddai: ƙafafunsu suna daidaita don motsi akan dutse da dutse, kuma akwai ƙarancin makiyaya a can. Amma akwai nau'in tumakin da suke zama a hamada da kuma ƙaya.
Abinci na Mouflon
Mouflons ciyayi ne, suna ciyar da hatsi da sauran ganye, ana iya ganinsu sau da yawa a filayen alkama. Suna jin daɗin bishiyar bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da tsirrai tare da nishaɗi.
Abincin dabbobin ya haɗa da tsire-tsire na filaye da berries, haushi da furen bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace, kwararan fitila na wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda mouflon ke fita daga ƙasa. Kullum sukan tafi wuraren shayarwa, mouflon ragowannan na iya shan ruwa mai gishiri sosai.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Dabbobin dabbobin dabbobi Kiwo cikin sauri fiye da sauran wakilai na tumakin, sun kai ga balaga cikin shekaru biyu. Matan Mouflon suna haihuwar 'yar kimanin watanni biyar, bayan wannan an haifi ɗa ɗaya, ba sau biyu ba ko fiye. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin Maris da Afrilu, a ranar farko mouflon cub ya rigaya ƙafafunsa har ma ya ci tsalle. Tsawon rayuwar dabba shine shekaru 12-17.
Mouflon dabba ce ta garken dabbobi, mace tare da raguna suna zama a cikin garken dabbobi, adadinsu na iya kai mutum 100. A cikin kaka, lokacin da lokacin dabbar ta fara canjin namiji, maza sukan matse su.
A wannan lokacin, gwagwarmaya mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi don yancin da za a yi la'akari da shi shine babban abu a cikin garken kuma saboda haka, don samun fifiko ga mace, galibi ana faruwa tsakanin masu son su. Duk sauran lokutan na shekara, maza suna rayuwa a cikin keɓewa mai ban sha'awa.
Mouflon dabba ce mai tsohuwar dabba, ambaton ta na farko ana iya samun ta a zane a cikin hamada Sahara kuma sun fara shekaru dubu uku ne kafin haihuwar Kristi.Abinda ya fi ban sha'awa, mouflon na gaske, wadanda sune magabatan garken gida da tumaki, yanzu suna rayuwa ne kawai a Corsica da Sardinia, kuma Sahara tayi nisa sosai daga wannan wurin.
A cikin karni na ashirin, dabba ya zama batun farauta, yawan mouflons sun fara raguwa sosai. Amma sun sami sha'awar ceton jinsin a kan lokaci kuma a sakamakon haka, yankin da suke zaune ya zama mai kariya kuma an ƙirƙiri filaye.
A dabba, magabacin tumaki na gida, don haka yanzu a yawancin gonaki suna ƙoƙari su karɓa ta hanyar rayuwa ta aviary. Mafi yawa waɗanda aka haife cikin bauta dabbobin mouflonssaba da rayuwa a gida. Kiwo mouflons ba shi da wahala, kowane mai farawa zai jimre da wannan ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba.
Sayi mouflon, zaka iya nemo tallace tallace akan Intanet. Don nemo kwafin da ya dace da kai, kana buƙatar karanta game da sifofin abubuwan da ke ciki, menene abincin da wani ya saba da shi, kuma, ba shakka, hoton mouflon zai zama kyakkyawan bayani na ƙarshe don zaɓar mai gidan dabbobi.
Siyan irin wannan dabbobi mai arha ba shi da arha, farashi dabba daga 15 zuwa 100 dubu rubles, dangane da shekarun da takardun mutum. Ba a taɓa amfani da dusar dabbobi ba don yin sutura da kayan haɗi.
Mouflon, wannan shine wakilin ƙarshe na tumakin tuddai na Turai. Yana da kunya sosai kuma yana da hankali, yana zaune a tsaunuka marasa amfani kuma mawuyacin maharbi zai iya yin alfahari da abin da ya kama.
Mouflon gashi, Wannan abu ne mai araha, mai inganci da dumi, amma ba koyaushe zaka same shi a siyarwa ba. A cikin hunturu, dabbar tana da tsari mai kauri da kauri, daga gareta ake samun abubuwan ban mamaki wadanda suke kare mu daga mummunan yanayi.
Masaniyar Soviet masanin kimiyya M.F. Ivanov, bred wani sabon nau'in tumaki - merino dutsen, yin amfani da shi itace mouflon daji. Ya fito ne daga ulu na merino, yanzu mafi yawancin lokuta zaka iya samun kayan gado na gado, bargo, kayan gado da kuma, ba shakka, keɓaɓɓu da riguna masu kyau.
'Yan bindigar masana'antun masu suna bayan dabbar, bindiga, babban fasaha, santsi mai santsi da makami mai dogon zango tare da babban gefen aminci.
Kamar dabba mai suna, baƙon abu bane sosai a yawancin fannoni, cikin bayyanar da bayanan martaba na ciki, koda an ƙirƙiri katun na musamman don wannan makamin.
Ina ne mouflon yake zaune?
Hoto: Mouflon a Rasha
Abubuwa biyu na mouflon biyu suna zaune a wurare daban-daban, amma mazauninsu wani yanki ne mai dutse.
Mouflon Turai ta baya ya kasance abu ne na farauta mai aiki, don haka a yau, ban da kayan ajiyar wuri, ana iya samun shi a wurare masu zuwa:
- tsibirin corsica. Wannan yanki ne mai daɗin zama don raguna, tunda tsibirin yana cike da tsaunuka masu tsayi, yana da yankuna da dama na tsaunuka. Ana iya samun tumaki a tsakiyar tsibirin,
- Tsibirin Sardinia, yanayin gari ne wanda aka haɗe shi da lokacin sanyi. Tumaki zaune ko'ina cikin tsibirin, amma yafi a filayen,
- An aiwatar da tsarin wucin gadi a Kudancin Turai.
Wannan nau'in mouflon yana son fifikon ƙasa, yana haye tare da filayen - don tumakin hunturu suna zuwa kan duwatsun, kuma a lokacin rani sauka don kuje a fili. Tumakin dabbobin mouflon na Turai za su iya kai da ɗari ɗari, amma dukkansu mata ne. Maza sun haɗa garke kawai a cikin bazara da bazara, a lokacin fitowar lokacin, lokacin da suke shirya faɗan gasa don haƙƙin abokin aure.
Ana iya samun mouflon na Asiya (ko Transcaucasian) a wurare masu zuwa:
- Transcaucasia
- Turkmenistan,
- Tajikistan,
- tsibiran teku mai bahar Rum. Baƙi da aka kawo a nan baƙi kamar abinci yayin cinyewar ƙasa, amma wasu mutane sun sami damar kiwo da kuma dacewa da yanayin dumamar yanayi,
- arewa maso yammacin india.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin 2018, an gano mouflon Asiya a cikin tudun Ustyurut a Kazakhstan. Wannan yanki ne na hamada a cikin karamin tudu, amma tumakin sun sami nasarar dacewa da rayuwa a wannan wuri.
Yanzu kun san inda naman ragon daji yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Me mouflon yake ci?
Hoto: Mouflon mace
Yankin dutsen, wanda galibi keɓaɓɓun ciyawar Asiya, ba shi da wadataccen ciyayi. Tumakin sun koyi yadda ake tono Tushen tsirrai da neman abinci a tsaunin tuddai. Dogaro da samuwar ruwan sha da abinci, mouflons na iya yin ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri.
Babban sashin abinci na mouflons sune:
- ciyawa,
- hatsi,
- asalinsu
- bushe rassan
- 'Ya'yan itaciya, harbe,
- berries
- ganyen bishiyoyi.
A lokacin rani, mouflons suna cin abinci mai yawa, saboda suna buƙatar samun nauyi kafin hunturu, wanda abincin zai fi wahalar samu. Thean ragon yana iya narke nau'in tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi, wanda yake da amfani musamman a lokacin hunturu. A cikin hunturu, sun rasa nauyi, wasu mazan, waɗanda ke mamaye matakan mafi ƙarancin matsayi, ba sa rayuwa a cikin hunturu saboda ƙarancin abinci.
Tumaki wani lokacin yakan je filayen noma, inda suke ciyar da alkama da sauran hatsi. Suna saurin hauhawa a kansu, amma cikin dan kankanin lokaci garken tumaki na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga amfanin gona. Suna haifar da irin wannan lalacewar ga harbe-harbe matasa waɗanda suka bayyana a filayen bazara. Raguna, suna saukowa daga tsaunika, har ma suna cin kananan bishiyoyi da tsirrai, suna haƙa asalinsu.
Mouflons da wuya su ji buƙatar ruwa, saboda sun iya shan ko da ruwan gishiri sosai - jikinsu yana sarrafa gishiri sosai. Sabili da haka, galibi suna zaune a wuraren da mafarautan ba za su iya rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali ba saboda matsalar ruwa.
Bayanin Mouflon
'Ya'yan wannan rago na da hankali yana da babban ƙaho mai siffa-tagwaye, wanda yawancin mafarauta suke daraja da shi kuma ana ɗaukar su kamar ganima. Girman matsayin dabba a cikin rukunin ya dogara da girman su. Manyan ƙaho suna yanke hukunci akan maza mafi girma. A mafi yawan wakilai, mata suna da kaho, amma sun fi ƙanƙan da yawa fiye da na maza. A wasu alumomin, yawancin mata basa yin kaho.
Namijin mouflon da ya manyanta ba su da yawa. Tsayin kafada yakai kimanin 0.75 m, tsawonsa 1.2-1.4 m ne, tsawon wutsiya kusan 10 cm ne, kansa yayi karami, mazan da ya manyanta sun sami kaho sosai, an runtsa ta kusan juyin juya hali guda, kusan 40 cm tsayi. namiji karami - har zuwa kilogiram 50. Matar mouflon tayi dan kadan mara nauyi, nauyinta yakai kilo 35.
Mouflon yana da kafafu na tsoka da jikin mutum wanda zai taimaka masa ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa ƙasa. Shugaban dabbar yana da daidaituwa sosai kuma yana daidaitawa a jikinsa. Standardabilar zuriya ta ce ya kamata ya ɗaga kansa sama lokacin da yake faɗakarwa.
A cikin yawancin fannoni na mouflon, bayyanar gaba ɗaya ya bambanta ɗan ɗan lokaci, launi yana bambanta dangane da yanayin, da kuma tsakanin maza da mata. Fuska da ciki na kunnuwan yawanci fari ne. Kafafu suna da tsayi kuma siriri tare da madaidaicin layin madaidaiciya a ƙasa gwiwoyi. Mouflon yana da farin ciki da gashi, wanda ya bambanta da launi daga launin toka tare da launin toka mai ruwan hoda zuwa launin ruwan kasa da kofi, yayin da macen Turakin Turai mai launin bakin ciki ce kuma mace mace ce kyakkyawa.
Yawancin raguna yakan zama mai girma sosai na gashin kai, wanda ke zama fari a cikin makogwaro, yana komawa zuwa baƙar fata lokacin da yafito zuwa saman goshi. A mafi yawan ƙananan fannoni, mazajen mouflon ma suna da tabo mara nauyi wanda ke haɓaka da girma a cikin girma yayin da suke girma, kuma launin fata wanda ya fara da rabin ƙusa, yana tafiya tare da kafaɗa, yana ci gaba a jiki kuma yana ƙare a kan kafafu na baya. Mouflon yana da manyan gland a gaban idanu, wanda galibi yana fitar da wani abu mai santsi.
Habitat
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mouflons suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka tare da makiyaya da ciyawa, kodayake a Turai an gabatar da mouflons a cikin gandun daji. Ana iya samunsu a tsawan 3000 mita sama da matakin teku. Sun fi son tuddai masu tawali'u na tsauni mai tsayi tare da fadin gaskiya, kuma suna amfani da tsaurara, tsaunuka don guje wa masu farautar.
Rayuwar Mouflon
Mouflons, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna ci da sanyin safiya da yamma, suna hutawa a cikin rana a ƙarƙashin wani kurmi mai cike da dutse ko dutsen, inda suke ɓoye da kyau. Waɗannan mutane garken dabbobi ne da ke samar da wuraren kiwo na ƙasa da ke ƙasa. Idan abinci ya yi karanci, to, suna ciyar da ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Halinsu yana da kyau saboda tumakin sun dogara da ganowa da gudu tun daga kusancin magabatansu, musamman damisa, dameal da kyarkeci.
Mouflons ya kai ga balaga tun yana dan shekara uku, kodayake akwai yiwuwar maza suyi kiwo cikin yawan jama'a da ke da matsanancin farauta har zuwa shekaru hudu. Mace yawanci suna haihuwar rago guda (wani lokacin tagwaye ne). Mata tare da 'yan raguna suna manne tare da garken tumaki sama da mutum ɗari, maza suna yawo shi kaɗai, suna komawa zuwa garken tumaki kawai a lokacin matsewa.
A lokacin bazara, mouflons suna zaune a cikin wani yanki na gandun daji gauraye, inda suka samo, ban da abinci, shima inuwa. Waɗannan raguna sune nau'ikan kiwo wanda yawanci ke tafiya don bincika sababbin wuraren da za a ci. A cikin hunturu, suna ƙaura zuwa tsaurara mai zafi don guje wa yanayin zafi da ƙarancin abinci.
Mouflon dabba ce wacce take jagorantar rayuwa ba dare ba rana. Da dare sukan yi kiwo har dare, suna fita zuwa gaɓar da ke kusa da gandun daji. A kullun suna ɓoyewa a cikin kurmi, kuma da maraice sukan bar mafaka a cikin kullun don neman abinci. Mouflons suna kiwo dare da rana, da safe kuma suka sake ɓoyewa a cikin kurmi.
Bayanin da fasali
Mouflons Shin dabbobi ne dabbobimai alaƙa da artiodactyls. Su dangi ne kuma magadan tumaki da tunkiya. A waje mouflon tunatarwa game da dangin da ke sama, amma yana da halaye da halaye da yawa.
Don haka, girman wannan dabbar zai iya zama ƙasa da na tunkiya na gida, ba za su wuce mita ɗaya ba ga tsayi da faɗi, nauyi kusan kilo hamsin. Mouflon kansa yayi karami, wuyan ya dafe kadan.
Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, idanun duhu masu duhu suna ɗan girgiza su. Jikin dabba na siriri da falala, suttura yakan zama gajere. Kafafu suna da tsayi da kauri, amma suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Wutsiya tayi gajere.
Launin jikin mace na mouflons, na mace da na maza, kusan iri ɗaya ne: inuwa mai launin shuɗi ta mamaye, a kirji gashi ya yi duhu da kauri (a cikin waɗannan wurare yana iya girma cikin siffar frill), ƙafafun an rufe su da fararen fata da baƙi, ciki kuma fari ne.
Babban fasalin mouflons shine babban kaho nasu, wanda mafarauta ke yaba musu musamman. Kakakin waɗannan dabbobin suna da girma, suna iya kaiwa har zuwa santimita 75. Su ne zagaye a siffar, nuna a ƙarshen. Kakaki na iya karkatar da baya ko kuma a kaikaice. Mace ba su da kaho, ko kuma suna nuna rauni ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa bambanci tsakanin nauyin mata da maza an samu shi ne daidai saboda kasancewar namiji cikin irin wannan ƙaho mai nauyi wanda zai iya ƙara musu kilo goma zuwa goma sha biyar.
Me suke ci
A lokacin rani, mouflons suna ciyar da ciyayi wanda ke girma a cikin mazauninsu. Da farko dai, suna cin ciyawa, kuma idan hakan bai isa ba, sai su canza zuwa ganyen kore bishiyoyi. A cikin hunturu, suna ciyar da sassan tsirrai da suka samo a saman dusar ƙanƙara; ba su san yadda za su nemi ciyawa ta bushe a dusar ƙanƙara ba. Mata yawanci suna da wuraren ciyarwa saboda lafiyar su tana da matukar muhimmanci ga kiwo. A wannan lokacin na shekara, suna ciyar da rassan bishiyun bushes mai ban sha'awa daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, harbe bishiyoyi, lasisi na itace da ciyawa mai bushe.
Iri Mouflons
Mouflons suna zuwa cikin jinsuna daban - ya dogara da mazauninsu. An bambanta nau'ikan masu zuwa:
- Turaimouflon - yana zaune a Turai kuma yana kama da yadda aka bayyana a sama.
- Transcaucasian mouflon - Wannan nau'in dan kadan ya fi na Turai girma, amma kusan babu bambanci.
- Crimeandabbobin mouflons - Wannan wani nau'in mouflon na Turai ne, wanda aka shigo da shi cikin yankin Crimea fiye da shekaru ɗari da suka gabata kuma suka sami nasarar ɗaukar tushe a nan.
- Asirin Mouflon na Asiya ko jirgin ruwa - wannan nau'in bai bambanta da na Turai ba, banda wani wurin zama da manyan girma.
- Ustyurtmouflon - Wannan nau'in mouflon Asiya ne wanda ke zaune a cikin tsaunukan Kazakhstan.
- Armeniyancimouflon - ya bambanta da wakilai na yau da kullun ta hanyar kasancewar ciyayi mai yawa akan fuska.
- Corsicanmouflon - Wani nau'in mouflon Turai wanda ke zaune a tsibirin Corsica.
Kamar yadda kake gani, kowane nau'in mouflons suna da kusan tsarin jiki iri ɗaya, amma saboda yanayin rayuwarsu daban suna da sunaye daban-daban.
Sassan Mouflon
Mouflons sune polygynous, maza suna yin faɗa a tsakaninsu don samun mamaye kuma su sami damar haɗu da mace. Ofarfin rago ya dogara da shekarunsa, da kuma girman ƙahonsa. Yaki tsakanin rago a kan garken tumakin da ƙarancin sa yakan haifar da munanan raunuka, kuma mai cin nasara ba ya yin wani ƙarin hari.
Mouflons ya kai ga balaga lokacin yana ɗan shekara 1.5. Matan da suka riga sun shiga shekara ta 2 na rayuwa ana iya haduwa dasu, kuma a shekaru 2 zasu iya kawo rago na farko. Maza sun fara yin jima'i da ɗan lokaci kaɗan - yana da shekaru 3-4. A farkon shekarunsu ana fitar da su daga mata ta hanyar mazan. Sukan kama daga kaka zuwa farkon hunturu.
Cutar ciki tana kimanin kwanaki 210, kuma a watan Afrilu, ana haihuwar raguna ɗaya zuwa biyu. Mace tana barin garken tun kafin ta yi ajiyar rago don ta haɗu a wurin da ba kowa. Lamban rago na iya tsayawa a ƙafafunsa nan da nan na yan mintoci kaɗan, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa ya fara gudana. Ragon zai kasance a cikin mahaifiyarsa, yana cin kowane minti 10-15. Idan raguna suka yi ƙarfi, mace ta koma garken. Tun da maza ba sa son tumaki, mace kuma ta nisance ta.
Yawan mouflons yana raguwa a yau, kuma ana rarrabe su azaman cikin jerin tsaran jinsunan. Mouflons na Turai suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin daji har zuwa shekaru 8, kuma a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi - har zuwa 14, wani lokacin har zuwa shekaru 18 (a karkashin yanayi mai kyau).
Rayuwa & Habitat
Rambai galibi dabbobi ne masu yawan gaske, don haka gano inda mouflons suke zaune ba wuya. Dabbobi suna jan hankali ga rayuwa cikin tsaunin tuddai da kuma tuddai, amma ba su da damar rayuwa a kan tsaunukan tuddai kuma a wuraren da fashe-fashe da kurakuransu suke, kamar yadda awakin dutse suke yi.
Mahalli na waɗannan dabbobin ƙanana ne. Mouflons sun haɗu da garkunan dabbobi kusan 100, akasarinsu sun ƙunshi mata, laman raguna da ɗan ƙarami.
Maza sun gwammace su zauna su kadai kuma su shiga cikin garke na gama gari ne kawai a cikin lokacin tafiyar wasu watanni. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mazaunin mouflon yana da ƙanana. Wannan yana kawo sauƙaƙan dalilai da yawa kamar su:
- Kasancewar masu bautar dabbobi da ke warwatse dabbobi saboda kyawun ƙahonsu, ulu da nama.
- Rashin rayuwa cikin tsaunin tuddai da kan tuddai kansu.
- Al'amarin da ya faru da gobarar daji, wanda saboda haka garken ya tilasta barin wasu yankuna.
- Kasancewar magabata da abokan gaba wadanda za su iya rage yawan dabbobin mouflons.
Mouflons suna zaune a Turai da Asiya. Yawancin Turai sun mamaye tsibiran kamar Cyprus, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia da Crimea. A nan, waɗannan dabbobin suna da mutuntawa kuma daga zamanin da aka ambata a cikin ayyukan fasaha daban-daban. A Asiya, ana samun wasu nau'ikan dabbobi a Armenia da Iraki, amma yawancin mutane suna zaune ne a yankin Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan da Turkiyya.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mouflons sune dabbobi masu kiba - suna ta motsawa koyaushe, don neman wurin zama mafi kyau. Wasu lokuta zasu iya zama a wuri guda ba fiye da kwanaki biyu ba sannan su ci gaba da tafiya.
Sakamakon raguwar adadin waɗannan dabbobin, yanzu suna ƙarƙashin kariyar ta musamman a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar wurare da wuraren tsattsauran ra'ayi, inda mutane ke haifar da yanayi na musamman don maido da yawan jama'arsu.
Amfanin da illolin mouflons
Ga mutane, mouflons ba su da haɗari. A cikin kiwo sosai amfani da irin Turai. A kan sa, an shayar da tumaki na gida, da ikon yin kiwo a kan wuraren kiwo a kan dutse duk shekara. Ana amfani da fata na mouflon na Turai a masana'antar haske, kuma naman sa yana da dandano mai kyau.
Barazanar jama'a
Mouflons na fuskantar barazanar fadada ayyukan noma da kiwo, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar lambobinsu da kuma rarrabuwa cikin kananan kungiyoyin da ba su da bambanci. Yawan makiyaya da yawa a cikin yawansu, saboda yaduwar garken tumaki, ya haifar da zazzaɓi, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwa ga mazaunin wannan nau'in.
Kwayoyin cuta da cututtukan da ke yaduwar dabbobi, musamman tumaki na gida, suna haifar da babbar barazana a yankuna da yawa. Mazinata suna cin naman raguna saboda ƙimar ƙahoninsu a matsayin ganima, kuma a haihuwarsu wani lokacin suna jan raguna don yin dabbobin gida.
Mouflons galibi ana shigo da shi don amfani dashi a ranakun wasan Arewacin Amurka, amma ba safai ake samun dabbobin mouflons ba, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ana gadar da garken tare da raguna na gida don ƙirƙirar ƙarin tumaki na musamman da na musamman ga mafarauta.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Crimean mouflon
Mouflons, kamar sauran nau'in tumaki, suna zaune a cikin garkunan dabbobi har zuwa ɗari. Garkunan dabbobi mata ne da raguna. Babu wani matsayi a cikin garken nan; tumaki ne ba na uwayensu kaɗai ba, amma har da wasu tumaki. Maza suna rayuwa daban da na mace a cikin wani karamin garke.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin Transcaucasia, ana kiran rago namiji "moufrone", mace kuma ana kiranta "moufre".
Matsayi na garken maza ya bambanta da garken mace: akwai alpha wanda ke kiyaye ragowar raguna cikin ladabi. Bayan alpha, akwai raguna da yawa waɗanda suka mamaye matakin gaba na gaba - da sauransu ga ƙungiyar omega. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan 'yan raguna ne ko waɗanda aka raunata da marasa lafiya, da kuma raguna waɗanda saboda wasu dalilai sun rasa ƙaho.
Alamu alama ce ta matsayin zamantakewa tsakanin tumaki. Ko da ɗan rago wanda ke da ƙaho zai iya kasancewa yana da babban matsayi a cikin garken. Epan tumaki suna shirya gwagwarmaya don zakarun yayin wasan, lokacin da aka ƙaddara wa ya cancanci ya aure ta. Sheepayan tumaki mafi ƙarfi za su ba da tumakin mafi yawan tumaki, yayin da mafi ƙarfi ba za su sami 'yancin aure ba ko kaɗan.
Raguna sun kasance dabbobi masu kwantar da hankali da mara kunya, wanda yake na al'ada ne ga dabbobi. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da fuskantar haɗari, har ma da mazan mazan sun fi son gudu, kawai cikin halin tilastawa, shiga cikin yaƙi tare da abokin hamayya. A cikin hunturu, waɗannan dabbobin suna da rauni saboda ƙarancin abinci, saboda haka sukan ɓoye a cikin tsaunukan tudun ƙanƙan da su ba sa fuskantar yawancin lokaci.
A cikin bazara da bazara, raguna rakumi sun zama m, yana da haɗari kusantar da su. Lokacin mafi girman zalunci yana faruwa ne a lokacin fitowar, lokacin da mazaje ke fafutukar neman 'yancin aure. Mata koyaushe suna zama masu jin kunya, amma idan hatsari na barazanar rago, za ta iya musanta abokan gaba. Moayan raƙuman dabbobi ba sa kare garken ta kowace hanya, saboda rashi shugaba ɗaya, raguna sukan yi ta motsawa, suna motsi bayan shan ruwa da abinci.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Armenian mouflon
A lokacin rudowar rukunin, a wani garke na dabbobin mouflon sun hadu da garken mata a cikin farfajiyar. A can, maza sukan fara gasa matakansu tare da mata. An wasa suna faɗa a cikin abin da biyu maza suka yi karo da ƙahon juna. Tsarin kwanyar su yana ba su damar tsayayya da matsanancin girgiza ba tare da cutar da jijiya da kwakwalwa ba. Wani lokaci irin waɗannan gwagwarmayan suna zama abin ƙi ga maza masu rauni, saboda suna iya karɓar mummunan rauni ko ma mutuwa. Hakanan, akwai lokuta da yawa waɗanda mouflons ke katsewa tare da ƙaho kuma ba za su iya watsa ba.
Gasar yana farawa a lokuta daban-daban dangane da mazaunin mouflon - yana iya kasancewa Maris-Afrilu ko ma Disamba, idan dabbar ba ta zaune a yankin mai sanyi. An raba maza zuwa kananan garken mutane 10 - 15, wanda 4-6 suka zo. Kafin haduwa da ƙaho, maza za su watsa zuwa nisan mil 20 kuma suna karo da juna cikin sauri. Mafi sau da yawa, ba mai ƙarfi ne wanda ya ci nasara ba, amma Hardy, saboda irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya suna lalata dabbobi.
Mata sun kai ga balaga shekara ɗaya da rabi, kuma maza a shekaru uku zuwa huɗu. Ko da mazan da ba su karɓi matsayin ƙarfi da madawwama ba, suna da damar aurar da su, saboda bayan “gasar” ba a fitar da raguna daga garken. Haihuwar tumakin tana da kimanin watanni biyar, amma namiji ba ya yin kowane bangare wajen kula da mace ko kuma kula da ‘ya’yan - raguna ba sa yin haɗin gungun mata fiye da ɗaya.
Mace ta kawo bsan rago ko biyu, waɗanda a cikin sa'o'i biyu na farko na rayuwa suna iya tashi. A cikin makonni huɗu na farko, ɗan rago yakan ci nono, amma sannan zai iya cin al'adun tsirrai masu taushi. Lokacin yana da shekaru uku, raguna sun bar garken mace da zama a cikin matsayin shugabannin garken maza.
Da farko, ƙaramin tumakin ya kasance a cikin omega, yana ɗaukar mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin matsayi. Amma yana iya yin yaƙi tare da raguna don ya ɗauki matsayin su kuma ya tashi matakai da yawa. A matsakaici, tumaki suna zama a cikin daji kusan shekara takwas, amma a zaman talala, tsawon rayuwa na iya kai shekaru 10-15.
Abokan gaba na maƙiyan mouflons
Hoto: Transcaucasian Mouflon
Ya danganta da mazaunin maza, abokan gaban mouflons sun sha bamban.
Mouflons na Asiya na iya fuskantar:
Kamar yadda kake gani, da yawa daga cikin magabatan 'yan boko haram ne, waɗanda ke da damar hawan kan dutse kuma suna isa rago a cikin wuraren da yafi kariya.
Abokan gaba dayan dabbobin Turai kamar haka:
- Sardinian Lynx
- Sardinin dholi (canids),
- dawakai
- martens
- da wuya tumaki zasu iya gudu cikin kyarketai.
Mouflons a cikin yankuna na Turai sun fi kariya daga masu farauta, kamar yadda ake hana farauta ta ƙasa mai dutsen da raguna ke zaune.
Manyan tsuntsayen masu farauta, waɗanda suke jan raguna daga laman raguna, su ma barazana ce, wato:
Mouflons basu iya yakar magabata ba. Sai kawai a lokacin lokacin fitowar maza, maza masu samun tashin hankali zasu iya kai hari don martani ga masu farauta waɗanda suke cikin garken. Mace ba su kare cuban ta ba, kuma idan akwai haɗari, garken sun gwammace su gudu daga maharin. Irin wannan taimako na kariya yana daidaita ta hanyar ɗan gajeren lokacin cinyewa tsakanin dukkan tumaki, haka kuma da girman mouflons - ɗan maraƙi halaye ne na raguna, kuma mouflons na iya kawo biyu ko ƙasa da uku.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
Mouflons dabbobi ne na musamman, don haka akwai ɗumbin lamura masu ban sha'awa da baƙon abu game da su. Abin takaici, a cikinsu akwai kuma wadanda suke cikin baƙin ciki.
- Kusamouflon Suna da ƙima a duk faɗin duniya, saboda haka kwanannan masu ba da agaji sun lalata kusan kashi talatin na yawan dabbakun dabbobi. Kuma duk wannan don ƙahonin da ake amfani da su azaman trophies. Hakanan, fata da naman wannan dabbar ba su da ƙima.
- An jera Mouflons a cikin Littafin Tarihi Na Duniya kuma ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar ɗabi'un yanayi da wuraren tsafinsu.
- Dabbobin mouflons na mace suna da ikon yin kiwo tun suna shekara daya da rabi zuwa shekara biyu kuma su haihu ba su wuce watanni biyar ba. Wannan lokacin rakodi ne tsakanin dukkanin wakilan nau'in tumakin kuma yana ba da mouflon don dawo da adadin mutane a cikin sauri cikin sauri.
- Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa cloning ita ce mafi kyawun hanyar don kiyaye yawan mouflon. Don haka, sun gudanar da wani gwaji, sakamakon abin da aka haife ɗan adam da keɓaɓɓiyar tunkiya, wanda ya rayu kimanin watanni bakwai. Wannan hanyar adana mouflons da haɓaka adadinsu yana haifar da adadin ɗaruruwan adadin ɗarukan kimiyya da ɗabi'a tsakanin mutanen tsararraki daban-daban.
- Mouflons sune tumakin da ba su zubar da kaho ba.
- A Cyprus, an yanka hoton mouflons akan tsabar kudi.
- Wani lokaci mutumin da ke da ikon tayar da hankalin mutanen da ke kusa da shi tare da halayensa ana kiransa mouflon. Koyaya, wannan sunan barkwanci bashi da alaƙa da waɗannan wakilan raguna.
Kulawa da kiyaye mouflons a gida
Kwanan nan, kula da tumaki a kan gonaki, gidaje na sirri da makircin ta kasance shahararren al'amari ne. Mutane kan yi amfani da mouflons don haɓaka halayensu na tattalin arziƙi da kuma haifar zuriyar da ta dawwama.
Koyaya, ba kamar sauran tumaki ba, mouflons suna da takamaiman buƙatu, yarda da su wanda ke ƙayyade yiwuwar kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin a gida. Tunda akan gonaki za'a iya sanya su cikin ɓoye, abubuwan da yakamata yakamata ayi la'akari dasu yayin tsarinsu:
- Mouflon abinci mai gina jiki (kuna buƙatar sanin menene kuma menene waɗannan dabbobin suke ci)
- Rashin yiwuwar abokan gaba da masu farautar da ke iya yin barazanar garken garken,
- Thearfin motsi dabbobi, wato, yanki na shinge kada ta kasance ƙasa da kadada kaɗan (ana buƙatar mutum goma sha biyar na kadada ɗaya na ƙasa),
- Yiwuwar haifuwar zuriya, watau a cikin garke uku zuwa hudu, mai iya haihuwar zuriya, dole mace ta sami namiji daya.
Hakanan a cikin aviary ya kamata ya kasance:
- Masu rarar abinci na dindindin na mouflon,
- Abubuwa don abubuwan da suka shafi dabbobi da kuma jarrabawa,
- Abubuwan da ake bukata don samar da ruwa ko tsaftataccen tsari,
- Hay feeders
- Abubuwan da ke da rauni,
- Gine-ginen ƙasa wanda mouflons zasu iya ɓoyewa daga yanayin.
Maƙasudin kansu yakamata su kasance a kan ƙasa bushe da dutse domin dabbobi su sami kwanciyar hankali. Ba a yarda da amfani da waya da katako don ƙirƙirar shinge ba, tunda mouflons na iya yin rauni game da hakan. Wannan shi ne mafi ƙarancin tabbataccen yanayi wanda mouflons ke iya rayuwa cikin salama a gida.
Girma Mouflon
Ruwan mouflon dutse na Transcaucasian ya fi girma girma fiye da sauran mouflons, yana girma zuwa 80-95 cm a ƙ withƙasassu tare da tsawon mita 1.5 da kuma samun har zuwa kilogiram 80 na taro. Mouflon na Turai yana nuna mafi girman matsakaici - shari'ar mita 1.25 (inda 10 cm ya fadi akan wutsiya) kuma har zuwa 75 cm a ƙ theƙasasshiyar ƙwayar cuta tare da nauyin 40 zuwa 50 kg. Tsawon mouflon Cyprus yakai kimanin 1.1 m tare da tsayin tsinkaye daga 65 zuwa 70 cm kuma babban nauyin 35 kilogiram.
Tsawon rayuwa
Mouflons, ba tare da la'akari da ƙananan tallafi ba, suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi na kusan shekaru 12-15. Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa ƙahon sa mai nauyi yana da alhakin tsawon mofinlon. Suna da bargo na kasusuwa wanda yake samar da sel. Suna ɗaukar iskar oxygen a cikin jiki, wanda ba tare da abin da mouflon zai shaƙa cikin tsaunuka ba, inda akwai matsanancin iska. Lokacin da ake ta tashi sama, ana bukatar karin ragowar kasusuwa kuma mafi karfin kaho ya kamata.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Kuna iya bambance namiji daga mace ta wajen kasancewar / rashin sa ko girman kaho, haka kuma da girman da dabbar. Mace bawai kawai sunfi sauki ba kuma sunfi maza yawa (sunyi nauyi sau biyu ko na uku), amma a mafi yawan lokuta basa da kaho. The ƙaho na mouflon mace girma da wuya, amma ko da a sa'an nan su ne kadan.
Maza na itacen ɓaure na Turai na iya yin fahariya lokacin farin ciki (tare da nauyin 30-40) da ƙahonin triangular a sashin giciye har zuwa 65 cm a tsawon Babban ƙaho, mai jujjuya ƙayoyi suna sawa da mouflons na Cyprus.
Kakakin maza na 'Transcaucasian mouflon' sun bambanta cikin girma da tsayi, haka kuma a cikin ginin daga tushe, daga 21 zuwa 30 cm.
Habitat, mazauni
Ana samun Mouflon daga Transcaucasia da kuma yankunan kudu maso Tajikistan / Turkmenistan har zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum da arewa maso yammacin Indiya. Mouflon Turai yana zaune a tsibirin Sardinia da Corsica, har ma a kudu na Turai, inda aka samu nasarar gabatar da shi.
A cikin kaka na 2018, an gano mouflon a yammacin Kazakhstan (Ustyurt plateau). Ruwan turmi na Transcaucasian na gangara a tsaunukan Azerbaijan da Armenia (gami da tsaunukan Armeniya), suna isa ga tsaunin Zagros a cikin Iran, Iraki da Turkiya.
Bugu da kari, an gabatar da nau'in a gonakin farauta na Amurka. An kawo dabbobi zuwa Arewa da Kudancin Amurka don farauto su.
Akwai wani ƙaramin mallaka na mouflons a tsibirin Kerguelen a yankin kudu na tekun Indiya. A cikin Cyprus, dunkulalliyar ma'ana tana rayuwa - mouflon na Cyprus. Matsayi na al'ada shine tsaunin dazuzzuka. Rams (akasin haka da awaki) ba sa fifita musamman ma tsaunin dutse, inda suka fi son kwanciyar hankali a buɗe tare da kololuwa masu kwari, fili da kantuna mai laushi.
Mouflons don rayuwa mai natsuwa yana buƙatar ba kawai kyakkyawar makiyaya tare da fadi da yawa ba, har ma kusancin rami mai ba da ruwa. Rationsaura yanayi na zamani baƙon abu bane ga nau'in kuma yakan faru da wuya, amma an lura da ƙungiyoyi masu daidaituwa.
A cikin lokacin dumi, raguna suna zuwa sama zuwa tsaunuka, inda akwai ciyayi masu yawa da ciyayi masu sanyi da iska mai sanyi. A cikin hunturu, mouflons suna gangara zuwa ƙananan tsaunuka, inda yake da zafi. A cikin shekaru bushe, garken yakan yi yawon neman abinci yawanci danshi.
Abincin Mouflon
A lokacin rani, dabbobi kan je makiyaya idan zafin yayi ƙasa, kuma a bar su a magariba. Mouflon, kamar sauran tumaki, sune na herbivores, tunda ciyawa da hatsi sun fi yawa a cikin abincin ta. Tafiya zuwa filayen manoma, garken mouflon daji suna jin daɗin alkama (da wasu hatsi) cikin nishaɗi, suna lalata amfanin gona.
Sauran tsire-tsire suna haɗuwa a cikin abincin bazara na mouflon:
- sedge da gashin tsuntsu ciyawa,
- berries da namomin kaza,
- gansakuka da lasisi
- fescue da alkama ciyawa.
A cikin hunturu, tumaki suna ƙoƙari su yi kiwo a wuraren da ba a yin dusar ƙanƙara, inda ya fi sauƙi don samun ciyawa mai bushe, ko kuma a ɓoye Tushen daga ƙarƙashin kankara da kankara Ba su son darasi na ƙarshe ba, saboda haka mouflons na iya canzawa zuwa rassan bakin ciki ko shafawa a haushi.
Sukan tafi wurin yin magariba a faɗuwar rana har ma da farawar dare, bayan wannan sai su huta, kuma za su sha da hasken rana na farko da suka sha suka tashi zuwa tsaunuka. An san Mouflons don iyawarsu don ƙosar da ƙishirwa ba kawai tare da sabo ba, har ma da ruwan gishiri.
Yi faɗa don mata
Mouflons ba masu zubar da jini bane, kuma har ma suna fada don zuciyar matar, ba su kawo maganganu na kisan kai ko mummunan rauni, suna iyakance kansu ga nuna fifiko. Abinda kawai ke tsoratar da duelists wanda suka rasa kulawa ta gari cikin tsananin soyayya shine ya fada cikin rikicewar maharbi ko kuma ya zama koyon farauta.
A lokacin hada-hada, mouflons suna ci gaba da hada garken burikan raga na burinsu na 10-15, inda akwai ma'aurata mazan da suka manyanta, tsakanin wannda ake gwabza fada a cikin gida. Raguna sun rarrabu da nisan mil 20, sannan kuma suka ruga dayan juna, suna bugawa tare da murguda zoben don haka sai an rarraba kararrawa daga busawa kilomita 2-3.
Ban sha'awa. Mouflons lokaci-lokaci yana katsewa tare da ƙaho, abut na dogon lokaci kuma wani lokacin yakan faɗi, yana yin nau'i na baƙin ciki. Tun daga karfin, mazan sun daina yin yaƙi, suna ci gaba da dawowa bayan hutu.
Amma, ba tare da la’akari da sakamakon gasar ba, dukkan raguna suna da hakkin su rufe mace mai gudana, duka an kayar da su (wanda ba wanda ya fitar da garke) da wadanda suka yi nasara. Mata a lokacin haila suna cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali suna kallon bayanin ma'anar dangantaka tsakanin maza.
Abokin aikin da aka yarda da shi ya nuna kamar jikin tumaki - tare da zub da jini, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba yana biye da bayan macen, yana shafa wuyanta a gefan abokanta da ƙoƙarin rufe ta. A ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, maza sukan kasance cikin garke, suna rakiyar matansu har sai lokacin bazara.
Haihuwa da zuriya
Mace mai ruɓanyawa (kamar tumakin gida) tana haihuwar zuriya na tsawon watanni 5. Laman raguna na fari suna haihuwar ƙarshen Maris, amma yawancin haihuwa suna faruwa ne a ƙarshen rabin Afrilu ko a farkon watan Mayu.
Jim kadan kafin a yi yanka, macen ta bar garke, ta nemo wuraren da ba a kebe don haihuwa ba a cikin wuraren adon kiba. Tumaki yakan haifi 'yan raguna biyu, ba sau da yawa - ɗaya, uku ko huɗu.Da farko, bsan raguna ba su da taimako, ba za su iya bin mahaifiyarsu ba, kuma a cikin haɗari ba su gudu, sai ɓoye.
Mako guda da rabi bayan haihuwa, suna samun ƙarfi don fita tare da mahaifiya zuwa garken ko kuma samar da sabon sa. Suna kiran uwa, suna zubda jini, kamar 'yan raguna. Mace tana ciyar da su da madara har sai Satumba / Oktoba, sannu a hankali (daga kimanin wata 1) tana karantar dasu su yanya ciyawar.
Girman mouflon mai shekara ɗaya daidai yake da 30% na yawan balagaggu, kuma ɗanɗano ya wuce 2/3 na haɓakar ƙarshen rayuwar. Saurin girma ya sami cikakkiyar girma ta shekaru 4-5, amma yana ci gaba da girma cikin tsayi kuma ya sami nauyi har zuwa shekaru 7.
Ayyukan mahaifar mouflons na farka ba a cikin shekaru 2 zuwa 2-4, amma samari maza ba su yi yunƙurin yin gasa tare da manyan mazan ba, saboda haka ba sa shiga cikin farauta ta jima'i har zuwa wani shekaru uku.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Mouflon koyaushe ya kasance abu mai mahimmanci ga mafarauta (galibi masu ba da fata) saboda ƙoshinsa, kodayake nama mara nauyi, fata mai kauri, danshin hunturu da kyau, ba shakka, ƙaho mai kauri. A cewar wasu rahotanni, ƙaho ne ya zama babban dalilin murkushewar kashi 30% na yawan mutanen dabba.
Jerin Jigo na IUCN ya ƙunshi ɗayan kuɗin shiga na Ovis orientalis mouflon (mouflon Turai). Yawan jama'arta na duniya na tazara, yana mai da Ovis orientalis ya zama mai haɗari. Abubuwan da ke haifar da mummunar illa ga kiyaye yawan jama'ar mouflon:
- halakar,
- fari da matsanancin hunturu,
- gasa tare da dabbobi don abinci / ruwa,
- rikice-rikicen soja a cikin mazauna,
- poaching.
An jera Ovis orientalis a CITES Shafi I (a ƙarƙashin sunayen O. orientalis ophion da O. vignei vignei) a cikin Shafi na II (a ƙarƙashin sunan Ovis vignei).
A cikin Afghanistan, Ovis orientalis yana cikin jerin farko (wanda aka kirkira a 2009) jerin nau'ikan da ke da kariya daga jihohi, wanda ke nufin haramtawa farauta da kasuwanci a cikin mouflons a cikin kasar.
A zamanin yau, ana kiyaye mofinlon dutse na Transcaucasian a cikin filin shakatawa na Ordubad National (Azerbaijan) da kuma cikin Khosrov Reserve (Armenia). An shigar da kuɗaɗen shigar cikin littattafan Red Books na Azerbaijan da Armenia. Bugu da kari, an kafa asibitin a Armeniya don kiwon tumaki a Transcaucasian kuma haramun ne a farautar su tun daga shekarar 1936.
Hakanan, Cibiyar Zoological na Armenia ta haɗu da wani shiri don adana su a cikin zaman talala. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawara da maki:
- a cikin dan kankanin lokaci dan tantance matsayin nau'in (tare da cikakken lissafin yawan jama'a),
- don fadada ajiyar Khosrovsky a iyakar yankuna da aka baiwa raguna,
- ba Ordubad reshen jihar mahimmanci,
- rage / kawar da masu farautar namun daji,
- sarrafa dabbobi.
A Iran, karkashin kulawa ta musamman ita ce Ovis orientalis gmelinii (Armenian mouflon). Wakilan wannan tallafin suna zaune ne a yankuna 10 da aka kiyaye su, wuraren adana namun daji guda 3, kazalika a cikin gandun dajin Lake Urmia.
Tare da wannan, yawancin rikice-rikicen ƙwayar motsi na Armenian ana samun su a cikin wuraren shakatawa da dama na ƙasa, yankuna masu kariya kuma a cikin ɗayan ajiyar. A cikin iyakokin yanki mai kariya, ana sarrafa sarrafa kiwo sosai, kuma an hana farauta dabbobin (a waje da waɗannan wuraren) daga Satumba zuwa Fabrairu kuma kawai tare da lasisi.