A ganyen bishiyoyi, tsirrai da tsirrai masu tsiro, alamomi masu kama da kullun suna gani. Ana kiransu ma'adanai kuma ana sa kwari su ta hanyar lalatattun ma'adanan kwari da ƙarƙashin fatar ganye.
Miners suna lalata duka itaciyar bishiyoyi masu rikitarwa da yanke hukunci, kusan dukkanin tsintsaye, amfanin gona, tsirrai da tsire-tsire na magani, furanni da ciyawa.
Daga cikin bishiyoyi - wannan, alal misali, kirjin doki, linden, holly, bishiyar jirgin sama, robinia, ash ash, thuja, apple applea tsakanin tsirrai - privet, fure, scoopia, hawthorn, honeysuckle, spireaa tsakanin tsirrai masu tsiro - goldrod, balsam, strawberries, Clover, clematis, stonecrop, euphorbia, kararrawa, centaury, dandelion, violet.
Yawancin lokaci masu hakar gwal na wata nau'in suna lalata wata irin tsirrai, wacce ke bayyana a cikin sunayensu - asu, tsiro, kwari, ma'adanai na dare.
Mining tashi - yadda za a yi yãƙi
Wajibi ne don cire ganye da abin ya shafa, wanda akan gano ma'adinan ma'adinai. Yana da kyau a rataye tarkuna masu tashi. A cikin wuraren lambun, yana da kyau a nemi amfani da belts na manne a gawar bishiyoyi - larvae da kuma manyan kwari da ke birgima a cikin fasa a cikin haushi, da kuma wuraren da aka keɓe a jikin bishiyoyi da tsirrai (ciki har da zuriyar ganye). 'Yan lambu suna amfani da tarkunan rataye da aka zana a cikin rawaya - zaku iya amfani da yanki na linoleum, plywood da sauran kayan. Farantin yana shafawa tare da m man shafawa bayani kuma sun rataye shi a cikin greenhouses a matakin ganye girma.
Amfani da sinadarai ya sa hankali a gida idan kwari suka sake fitowa kan furanni. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya fesa tsire-tsire daga kwari mai ma'adinai tare da shirye-shirye: actellik, karbofos, actara, tanrek, apache ko confidor. Hakanan, ana amfani da kwari na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta (Zolon, BI-58 sabon) don kare kariya daga agromisides, ana bi da su a cikin bazara, kafin kwaro ya ɓoye don hunturu (shiga cikin diapause) ta hanyar fesa bishiyar bishiyoyi. Shirye-shirye na aji na neonicotinoids - Confidor Maxi, Aktara, Mospilan - shayar da kasar gona kusa da kananan tsire-tsire ko furanni, shawo kan kewayen bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi marasa gaskiya - yawan amfani da kwayoyi masu tsada.
Sanarwar kamuwa da cuta
Waɗannan smallan ƙananan kwari ne da ke da fadi, gajerun kafafu da fuka-fuki. Ana saka su a cikin fararen launi mai haske. Suna dauke da kayan aikin proboscis, wanda suke yin alamura a cikin kyallen tsirran don su tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itacen ko sanya qwai a cikin hujin.
Larvae na ma'adinai ya tashi, yana fitowa daga kwai, cizo a cikin ƙwayar shuka kuma ku ci wurare daban-daban masu fasali a wurin. Ana kiran waɗannan motsawa minami. Larvae suna ƙanana kaɗan, tsawonsu shine kawai mm 1 mm. Ci gaban larva yana kwanaki 8-14, kuma duk yanayin rayuwar ma'adanan ƙasa yakan ɗauki makonni uku zuwa biyar kawai.
A cikin wasu nau'in, ɗalibi yana faruwa kai tsaye a cikin ganye, kuma a cikin wasu a cikin ƙasa.
Iri daban-daban
Haɓaka ma'adinai da ke bambanta ta hanyar ƙarancin abinci, wato, larvae na nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ciyar da wasu kyallen takamammen nau'in tsiro. A cikin yawancin nau'ikan kwari na ma'adinai, larvae yana cin ganye, amma akwai wasu nau'in waɗanda larvae suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, Tushen, inflorescences, ko kwararan fitila. Misali, kwari na kwari mai kwan fitila suna lalata kwararan fitila na tafarnuwa da albasa, wanda ya zama mai taushi ya lalace.
Beetroot
Liesarƙwarar ma'adinai ta ƙasa ta haifar da lahani mai girma. Su larvae ciyar a kan ganyen beets, alayyafo, da kuma sauran jinsunan Nightshade. Bugu da kari, zasu iya cin daji 
da daddare. Mutanen da suka manyanta sun kai tsawon mil 6-8. Liesariji kan sa qwai kan ƙasan ganye. Yawancin ƙwai suna dage farawa a lokaci guda, yayin rayuwa guda ɗaya mace mace zata iya yin ƙwai ɗari. Hudu zuwa kwana biyar daga baya, daga cikin qwai tashi larvae wanda ke motsa a cikin ganye (a wasu kalmomin, nawa da su). A saman takardar, waɗannan ma'adanan suna bayyane azaman kumburin rawaya mai datti. Bayan an zauna akan tsire-tsire na gwoza matasa, larvae na hakar ma'adinai yakan haifar da mutuwar seedlings. A matakai na gaba na ci gaba, kamuwa da kwari tare da hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin tushen amfanin gona. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, ana iya maye gurbin ƙarni na gwoza uku a lokacin bazara. Liesan mata ke tashi a cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin ƙasa suke yin hunturu a cikin nau'in pupae (pupae na kwari kuma ana kiranta karyan cocoons).
Nightshade
Wadanda ake kira masu aikin hakar ma'adanai ƙananan kwari ne kawai 2-2.5 mm. Wadannan kwari 
lalata cucumbers, tumatir, kabeji, letas, faski, seleri da kankana. Matan farko na sa ƙwai cikin cotyledons ko ganye na matasa. Larvae wanda ya bayyana a farkon bazara wani lokacin yakan haifar da mutuwar kananan tsire-tsire. A lokacin da kwari ke sanya qwai kan ganye, to wannan za'a iya gani a cikin alamun rawaya na alamomi.
Hatching larvae siffan bayyane wurare bayyane, ko ma'adinai, a cikin ganyayyaki. A cikin mahakar ma'adanin za ka iya ganin duhu duhu na fitowar larvae. Kimanin makonni uku bayan haihuwa, tsutsa yana sharewa, ya fadi a ƙasa, yana lalata kansa cikin ƙasa kuma ya samar da wani tsiro wanda daga cikin manya ya tashi bayan fewan kwanaki. Bayan sun girma cikin adadi masu yawa, masu hakar gwal suna hana haɓakar shuka, kuma ganyen da abin ya shafa ya bushe ya lalace. Amma ko da adadin masu hakar ma'adinai yana rage yawan amfanin gona.
Kowace shekara, kwari da dankalin turawa suna lalata tan na amfanin gona. Koyi yadda za a iya kiyaye kwari daga lambun ku ta hanyar karanta wannan labarin.
Ba ku san yadda za ku kare ƙwallayen ku daga fararan tsutsotsi da suka zauna a ɓangaren litattafan 'ya'yan itacen ba? Bayan haka zaku sami labarin mai amfani a mahaɗan https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/vishnevaya-muxa.html.
Hanyoyi don yin gwagwarmaya
Tun da pupae na hakar ma'adinai ya tashi hibernate a cikin ƙasa, sun tono mai zurfi don yaƙar su 
don haka pupae yayi zurfi cikin ƙasa ya mutu.
Tun da yake hakar ma'adanan kwari ke samun damar ciyar da ciyawa da ke tsiro da haro, yana da kyau a rusa ciyawar da ke kusa da wannan nau'in tsiron. Don magance kwari na hakar ma'adinai, za'a iya amfani da paraomitic entomophages - kwari na musamman waɗanda ke ciyar da waɗannan nau'in ƙudaje, amma amfani da su kawai a cikin katako yana da tasiri.
Hakanan ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da yawa. Kuna iya amfani da jiyya kafin shuka. Misali, a yakar kwari da ake hakar kwari da kwari, lura da tsirrai da gwoza da Tabu suna da tasiri. Yana da ma'ana don amfani da shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar nicotinoid kawai tare da aikace-aikacen ƙasa.
Kayan aiki na Verimek, wanda ke da ikon shiga cikin zurfin cikin ganyayyaki, yana daidaitawa da duka kukan manya da larvae.
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Yawancin masu hakar gwal lokacin hunturu a matakin dalibi, wasu a cikin tsutsa ko ƙwayar cutar kwari (girma). A cikin matakin girma, masu hakar gwal sun mamaye abubuwan da ke faruwa na cortex da sauran mafaka, alal misali, a cikin ginin. A cikin matakin lardin, hunturu masu hakar ma'adinai a saman ƙasa, a cikin rufe akan rassan, a ma'adanai a cikin ganye, kuma a cikin matakin ɗalibai, a cikin ƙasa, ganye mai fadi, da kuma fasa a cikin haushi.
Wasu nau'ikan masu hakar gwal koyaushe suna da ƙarni ɗaya ne kawai, kuma adadin ƙarni na wasu nau'ikan sun dogara da yawan zafin jiki yayin haɓaka su.
Wasu nau'ikan masu hakar ma'adinai suna barin ganye kawai a lokacin bazara, wasu a lokacin rani, har ma wasu kuma daga bazara zuwa kaka. Zamanin ci gaba na kowane zamani na mutane ya mamaye, wanda ke kawo cikas ga lokacin kare matakan kariya.
Daga cikin masu hakar ganyayyaki, wakilan Lepidoptera (asu-maina) da kuma jami’an diplomasiyya (tashi-agromisides), fizikan kifin (kifin gwal, gwozayen ganye, huhun) da kuma hymenopteran sun mamaye (hakikanin sifofi).
Mina - "katin kira" na masu hakar gwal. Kowane nau'ikan ma'adinai yana haɓaka da takamaiman nau'ikan ma'adinai, matsayin su a cikin takardar, kuma a ma'adanan - larvae, excrement da ramuka na jirgin sama. Mines na iya ɗaukar nau'i na rami, tabo ko rami tare da tabo a ƙarshen.
A cutarwa na masu hakar gwal an bayyana a cikin wani rage a cikin viability na shuke-shuke, su adorativeness, girma kudi, fruiting tsanani da kuma lalata da iri iri. Nessarfafa masu hakar gwal suna ƙaruwa a wuraren da ake yin shuka iri ɗaya ko fiye da irin shuka iri ɗaya, a cikin gidajen ƙasa, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, a kan tsire-tsire na magunguna ko na tarihin gandun daji.
Sakamakon haɓakar ma'adanan ƙasa, ganyen ganye ya ragu, wanda ke tarko turɓaya da iskar yanayi, da kuma photosynthesizes, wanda ke shafan ci gaban bishiyoyi. Additionalarin fure na tsire-tsire mai lalacewa ta hanyar masu hakar gwal, yana faruwa a cikin kaka, kuma yana raunana su. Rassanannan bishiyoyin wani lokacin suna daskarewa. Tare da babban yawa daga ma'adanai, adon tsirrai na tsirrai da juriya ga cututtukan kwari da kwari, an rage ciyayi da wuri. Rage taro na lalacewar tsirrai masu hakar gwal na iya shafar amincin seedlings da ingancin kayan shuka. Lalacewa ga alal misali, linden wani mai hakar gwal yana haifar da raguwar adadin furanni da aka kafa da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin nectar a cikinsu, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar kudan zuma.
Musamman masu haɗari masu hakar gwal, waɗanda ke saurin yaduwa sararin ƙasa mai sauri tare da gudanawar iska, motocin, kuma mafi yawan duka, tare da kayan shuka. Yawan waɗannan nau'ikan halittar a cikin ƙasa an tsara su ta hanyar abokan gaba na halitta - tsuntsaye, maɓuɓɓugan daji, da tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa suna haɓaka tare da sauran nau'in tsire-tsire, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin zaman lafiyar shuka. Idan shuka da ke matsayin ciyarwa don ma'adanai a cikin sabon yanki yana girma kamar monoculture (a cikin shimfidar wurare, akan tsiro), cutarwa waɗannan kwari suna ƙaruwa sau da yawa.
Mai hakar ma'adanan Chestnut
Ganyayyaki masu lalacewa na kirjin doki, wanda ya girma a cikin gandun daji na halitta a cikin Balkans, kuma a wasu ƙasashe ana amfani da shi don wuraren shakatawa na fili, murabba'ai da tituna. An gano wannan ma'adanin ne kusa da tafkin Ohrid na Macedonia akan iyaka da Albania a shekarun 1980. kuma sun karɓi suna "Ohrid miner." Wannan nau'in cikin sauri yada cikin Turai, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ana samun shi a kusan dukkanin yankuna .. Tsararraki uku na ma'adanai masu ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar cuta suna tasowa a cikin lokacin, kuma adadin shekaru na malam buɗe ido na ƙarni na farko ya faru ne a lokacin fure na kirjin. Pupae na hunturu na ƙarshe a cikin ma'adanai cikin ganyayyaki da suka faɗi.
Masu hakar Acacia
Farin Acacia, ko robinia, azaman tsarin ado a farkon karni na XVII. ya kawo Turai, a ƙarshen karni na XVIII - zuwa Ukraine. Wannan irin ana amfani dashi sosai, musamman, a cikin shinge. Masu hakar ma'adinan Acacia sun shiga Turai daga Arewacin Amurka kimanin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, suna da ƙarni 2-3 a shekara. Mines na nau'in halittu biyu ana iya rarrabe su a waje.
Linden speckled asu (linden mai hakar gwal).
An bayyana shi a cikin Japan a cikin 1963. Fiye da shekaru 20, ya bazu zuwa Primorye, Korea, ya shiga cikin Turai ta Rasha, Ukraine da wasu ƙasashen Turai da yawa. Maƙasudin ma'adanai na Linden ma'adinin hunturu a cikin fasa daga cikin haushi na bishiyoyin Linden, sa ƙwai kan ƙananan farfajiya na ganye bayan an gama cikakke. Maƙasudin balaguro na lokacin bazara ya tashi a farkon Yuli, da kuma barkono da za suyi hunturu zasu bayyana a watan Satumba.
Asu Juniper.
Lalace da allura na juniper gama. Masarautan sun mamaye cikin bututun gizo-gizo mai gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. A cikin bazara, da matafila ci gaba da ciyar, pupate a farkon Mayu. Sabbin tsutsotsi sun bayyana a watan Yuni kuma suna ciyarwa har faɗuwar. Suna min allura, amarya tare da cobwebs na juniper rassan, wanda take kaiwa zuwa yellowing na allura da kuma asarar tsire-tsire na ado.
A cikin tsirrai na ornamental, masu hakar gwal sun lalata: wardi, rhododendron. Holly Holly. A ganyen fure na fure, zaku iya ganin maki mai haske (sakamakon yawo da asu ma'adanan ruwan hoda lokacin da yake kwanciya qwai) da kuma sassayoyin iska. Ganye Rhododendron sun lalace ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar azalea (Caloptiliaazaleella). Kwakwalwarta manya-manya ne - har zuwa 1 cm tsayi. Ganyayyaki masu lalacewa sun bushe, crumble kuma ya faɗi. Mummunan balaguro sun yi yawo a kan ganyayyaki masu ƙoshin lafiya, a ninka su a cikin shambura kuma su ci gaba da bunƙasa a can. Ana magana a kan litattafan ganyayyaki a cikin koko. A kann ƙananan kwari masu hako ma'adinan ƙasa kuma ana gano su ta hanyar fuskoki da wurare.
Shuka kariya daga masu hakar ganye
Kare tsirrai daga masu hakar ganye ya ƙunshi dabaru da yawa.
Zaɓin nau'in tsire-tsire masu tsayayya da iri. Ma'adanai ba sa mamaye duk nau'in tsirrai iri daya iri daya.Don haka, akan nama, kirjin da yake dauke da ma'adinin mutu'a yana mutu yayin da yake karami, kuma karamin kirjin bai cika wannan kwaro kwata-kwata.
Dubawa na tsirrai. Da sannu lalacewa ga tsire-tsire masu hakar gwal, ƙasa da abin da za su haifar da lahani. Ka tuna cewa ƙananan kwari suna iya yaduwa tare da tukunyar furanni ko yanke furanni.
Ana fitar da kasar gona kafin a yi amfani da kayan lambu da tsabtace tsire-tsire, tun puppy da yawa masu hakar gwal a can.
Suarfin ciki tare da kyakkyawan raga na tsire-tsire na cikin gida lokacin da aka fallasa shi a baranda ko lambun yana ba ku damar kare su daga ƙudaje da iska ke kawowa.
Rataye faranti faranti (katako, guda na filastik), greased tare da manne, a cikin katako da kuma a cikin ƙasa tare da layuka na shuke-shuke a matakin wurin babban babban ganye, tare da manufar kama kwari da kwari a lokacin bazara.
Aikace-aikacen belts na manne a kan kututture kai tsaye kafin farkon bazara na masu hakar gwal.
Saki cikin fim da gilashin kore (amma ba a buɗe ƙasa ba) na mahaya - kwari masu kwari, waɗanda aka girma a cikin masana'antun musamman.
Ana cire ganye ko gefenta da hannu wanda lalacewa ta lalace.
Share tsaftataccen ganye shine mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yawancin yanayi mai dacewa don kare bishiyoyi daga masu hakar gwal lokacin sanyi a cikin ganyayyaki. Dole ne a kwantar da ganye ba tare da yin lalata da su ba domin pupae ba ya zube, sannan kuma kada a ƙone, amma takin.
Harkar tonon itacen bishiyoyi da kwance ƙasa a ƙarƙashin kambi.
Arfin maƙeran haɓaka mai hatsi tare da kogin ruwa daga gangar jikin bishiya a lokacin bazara na kowane ƙarni.
Aikace-aikace a cikin sunadarai. Ana amfani da magungunan kwari don kare tsire-tsire na ornamental daga masu hakar gwal ta hanyar fesa foliage, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire, har ma da allura a cikin akwati. Koyaya, allurar shiga cikin akwati abu ne mai tsada, samar da yanayi don shigarwar kananan kwayoyin cuta a cikin bishiyar, kuma shigarwar da kwari a cikin kasa abune mai hadarin gaske ga yawancin mazaunan sa. Idan akwai ƙarni da yawa na masu hakar gwal, da yawa ana fitar da tsintsiyar ƙwayoyin tsirarwa a cikin kaka.
Yana da kyau a yi amfani da masu haɓaka da haɓaka kwari (Dimilin, Match, Insegar, Nomolt) a lokacin bazara na manya, da shirye-shiryen aiwatar da aikin hanji - har tsutsa ta shiga ganyen.
A kan ma'adinin kirjin, amfani da magunguna biyu-biyu na Bi-58 yana da tasiri; sabon 40% ke, Dimilin 25% s.p., Karate050СБмкс .. Confidor Maxi vg .. Match 050 EU ke, Aktara 25 WG, vg tare da ƙari na surfactants: Agro-surfactant ko Agro-surfactant. Karin da sauransu
Don kare juniper na gama gari daga lalatattun bishiyar juniper, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da Actofit, CE (2 g / l), yawan gudu shine 4 ml / l, a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu kuma a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Agusta.
Don kare ƙudaje na hako ma'adinai, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta (misali, Zolon, BI-58 sabon) ana amfani dasu ta hanyar fesa tsire-tsire a ƙarshen watan Agusta, kafin kwari su tafi diapause, aneonicotinoids (alal misali, Confidor Maxi V.G., Aktara, Mospilan) -by aikace-aikacen ƙasa.
Don kare tsire-tsire masu magani, tsire-tsire na zuma da tsire-tsire waɗanda ganye suke ci, yakamata a yi amfani da wakilan kariya na sunadarai a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe kuma a daidai lokacin da aka ba da shawarar.
Kwararrun Valentina Meshkova, likitan ilimin kimiyyar aikin gona ne suka shirya wannan kayan. kimiyyar, farfesa
Menene wannan kwari?
Liesarƙwarar ma'adinai (ko kwari) gaba ɗayan iyalin Agromyzidae ne (lat), wanda ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan 3,000. Dukkanin su kwari ne. Waɗannan smallan ƙananan kwari ne; a cikin tsari, babban yanki mai bayyane ya bayyana a sarari.Sauran keɓaɓɓun sifofin gidan babban ciki ne, gajerun kafafu da fuka-fuki mai haske, da ɗan haske a rana.
Mafi yawancin nau'in halittu sun lura da masana ilimin halitta a Jamus. A kan iyakar ƙasar nan akwai nau'in kwari iri 350. A cikin Rasha, a cikin yankuna masu yanayin yanayi, sun fi ƙanƙanta - kusan 100. Mafi yawancin su:
- saurara - Liriomyza strigata,
- polyfagous - Karin mafarinak,
- ganye na fure - Phytomyza syngenesiae,
- Nordhade - Linomyza bryoniae, da sauransu.
Wadannan nau'ikan suna harba tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, suna cutar da aikin gona da ciyawar fure.
Menene haɗarin tashi mai ma'adinai:
Larvae ci gaba a cikin kyallen tsirrai na rayuwa; a farkon matakin haɓaka, suna barin ragi da yawa da tsotse ƙwayoyin sel. Azabbai suna haifar da ƙwayoyin halittar tsokoki na jikin kasusuwa kuma suna bayyane a fili ta fuskoki masu haske a saman ganyen, wanda ke haifar da tsiri da mutuwar tsirrai.
Fulawar hakar ma'adinai ta shafi tsire-tsire na ornamental (carnations, gerberas, freesias, chrysanthemums, cineraria), amfanin gona da yawa, da kuma hakar ma'adinai na birch, gama gari a cikin Turai na Rasha, yana shafar bishiyun bishi. Larvae, ana ajiye shi a gindin bishiyar itace, a maimaitattun wurare a cikin yadudduka na itace, wanda ake kira da manyan abubuwan a cikin littattafan gandun daji. Itace tare da irin wannan motsi ana ganin bai dace ba don amfani kuma an ƙi shi. Baya ga Birch, tashi ma “masu hakar gwal” suna farau da fari.
Abubuwan waje da salon rayuwar kwari na hakar ma'adinai
Wadannan kwari suna kanana da girma. Launinsu yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne, a sarari. Farfafa suna da proboscis, tare da taimakon abin da suke bugun shuka don su tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shi ko sanya ƙwai a ciki.
Larvae yin wurare masu iska a cikin kyallen tsirrai da ake kira mahakar ma'adinai. Kudancin kwari na kwari na karafa - kadan ne - a tsayi ba sa wuce milimita 1-3. Ci gaban larvae yana kimanin kwanaki 14. Amma gaba ɗaya, tashi tayi girma a cikin makonni 3-5.
Akwai kwari iri iri na hakar ma'adinai.
Wasu larvae pupate a cikin ƙasa, yayin da wasu - kai tsaye a cikin ganyayyaki. Lalacewa ga tsirrai ne ba kawai saboda larvae ba, har ma da kwari-girma.
Tsarin rayuwa
Liesaura suna fasalin haihuwa, maza da mata daban, daga baya, bayan wani lokaci, mace tana yin masonry. Ta sanya sashin jikinta na musamman - mai maganin ovipositor tare da ƙarshen kaifi - zurfi a cikin farantin ganye na tsire-tsire. Bayan irin waɗannan alamomin, wuraren kore masu haske suna ci gaba da kasancewa a saman sa, waɗanda suke wucewa lokaci-lokaci. A lokaci guda, kawai 15% na ramuka na ganyayyaki ana buƙatar masonry: duk sauran injections suna ciyar da tsofaffi mutum na kwari mai ma'adinai.
Lokacin da kwanaki 2 zuwa 5 suka wuce, larvae ya bayyana. Don haɓaka da tafiya zuwa mataki na gaba na rayuwa da wuri-wuri, sun fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi. Don yin wannan, larvae gnaw ganyen tsire-tsire, ƙirƙirar a cikinsu wani sabon tsarin motsi, wanda ake kira "ma'adanan ma'adanan". Saboda haka sunan dukan iyali.
Lokacin da aka gama amfani da kayan ganyayyaki ɗaya, tsutsa ya fara motsawa tare da tushe da kuma rassan shuka don neman sabon wurin ciyarwa. Bayan mako biyu, ɗalibi zai fara. Tsutsa yana cin ganye a saman ganyayyakin, sai ya fashe ya tafi ƙasa. A can, a ƙarƙashin ɓataccen yanki na ƙasa, zai zama fure, daga inda sabon tashi daga baya zai fito. Dukkanin sake zagayowar daga kwai zuwa kwaro na balagaggu na daukar kwanaki 25 (a zafin jiki na 20 ° C).
Lalacewar Kwaro
Wadannan kwari suna kaiwa da yawa game da tsire-tsire masu girma. Misali, galibi zaka ga karafa ta tashi a kan kankara, da daddare da kuma gorin dare. Kowace hujin da wani mutum ya yi, kuma hanya ce, larvae da ke jin yunwa, ya keta mutuncin ganyen wanda abin ya shafa. Additionari ga haka, suna ciyar da ruwan shansa.
Duk wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa:
- a cikin ganyayyaki zaku iya ganin maki mai haske, sau da yawa tare da necrosis na sel kewaye,
- ganye hankali Fade kuma fadi bãya
- a cikin kwararan fitila, kwan fitila ya yi laushi kuma ya mutu,
- inji a hankali ya mutu.
Saboda lalacewar ganye, yankinsu da ke da hannu cikin daukar hoto ya ragu. A tare da tare da tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace kwayar ta larvae, inji yana raunana, sabili da haka, ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban.
Yaƙar Minan Hauro ma'adinai
Don adana dasa da girbi, lokacin da cutar ta lalata eran ƙasa, ya zama dole a rabu da mutane da larvae da wuri-wuri. Wannan yana buƙatar tsire-tsire masu sarrafa kwari tare da maganin kwari da magunguna na jama'a, kamawa kwari masu tashi ta amfani da tarko. Don amintaccen amfanin gona da aka shuka a cikin gonar a gaba, kuna buƙatar bin shawarwarin don rigakafin.
Tarkon
Hanya mai sauki amma mai inganci don lalata kwari masu hakar ma'adinai shine ƙirƙirar tarkuna masu tsabta waɗanda aka rufe su da matattakala mai ƙyalli. Optionayan zaɓi ɗaya shine kaset na musamman da aka sayar a cikin shagunan kayan aiki. Suna rataye a kan wani shafi kusa da gadaje da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Wasu lambu suna yin tarko da kansu ta hanyar zanen zanen firinji, guntu, linoleum, da dai sauransu a rawaya da kuma lullube farfajiya tare da abu mai ƙima. Misali, matattarar mai ta man fetir ko kuma tazarar da aka shirya musamman.
Idan kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ne, to tarkuna ba za su iya yi ba: lokaci ya yi da za kuyi amfani da magunguna.
Yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari
A kan fanyen kwari a cikin aikin gona, ana amfani da azuzuwan 2 na kwari, waɗanda sun tabbatar da ingancinsu a aikace:
- Gwirorin phosphorus: Waɗannan su ne BI-58, Zolon da sauransu. Ana gudanar da jiyya tare da waɗannan wakilai tare da farkon kaka, a lokacin da kwari ke neman tsari don hunturu. Yawanci, ana amfani da kwari mai amfani da ƙwayoyin kwari don fesa bishiyar itace da rassan itace.
- Neonicotinoids: sanannen Aktara, kazalika da Confidor, Mospilan, da dai sauransu Sun dace da ƙananan tsire-tsire. Sun fesa ba shi kadai ba, har ma da zubewar qasa.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna da guba irin waɗannan kwayoyi, gami da mutane. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don amfani da kayan kariya a cikin aikin kuma bi umarnin zuwa kayan aiki. Musamman musamman da aka bayar da shawarar da za a biya wa sharuɗɗa a cikin abin da aiki zai zama mai lafiya ga kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Idan an dauki matakan a cikin lokaci, hakar ma'adinai ba zata da lokaci don lalata wani ɓangaren ganye. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don bincika hazo a kai a kai, kuma a farkon "kira mai tayar da hankali" don fara aiki da himma.
Cutar da aikin gona
Idan masu hakar gwal suna girma cikin adadi mai yawa, to, suna jinkirta da girma na tsirrai, ganyayyaki sun fara bushewa su fadi. Ko da karamin adadin wadannan kwayoyin suna rage yawan amfanin gona.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Lokacin da mining ta bayyana:
Fulawar hakar ma'adinai suna bayyana a ƙarshen bazara da bazara, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska da gumi na kusa fara tashi. Idan har yanzu baku taɓa ganin kwaro iri ɗaya ba, a hankali ku bincika duk tsire-tsire da aka kawo, gami da furanni da aka yanke, kuma kuyi amfani da ingantaccen ƙasa, ƙasa mai gurɓataccen canji. Buy kawai tsirrai a cikin lafiyar wanda ku ke da tabbacin ɗari bisa ɗari. Hakanan, yi hankali lokacin ɗaukar tsirrai zuwa baranda a lokacin rani: duk da cewa ƙwanƙwarar ba ta da ikon yin nisa mai nisa da kanta, iska tana yin hakan.
Yadda za a magance fulawar ma'adinai:
Kyakkyawan matakan kariya da shamaki a kan mamayar mamayar kwari da ke hakar ma'adinai duk iri ne da tarkace tare da kayan kwalliya wadanda ke jan hankalin kwari da launinsu mai haske ko kamshin mai jan hankalin. Abin dogaro mai shinge ga wannan da sauran kwari da yawa zasu zama taga da aka yi da masana'anta na polyester da aka saka, ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ƙananan ƙanana ne don kada dutsen ya shiga cikin ɗakin.
Idan kamuwa da cuta na shuka har yanzu ya faru - dole ne ka yi amfani da hanyoyi masu mahimmanci. Da farko dai, tsirrai da ganyayyaki, da lalacewar hakar ma'adinai da larvawarta, yakamata a lalata su ta hanyar ƙonewa. Wadancan tsirrai da har yanzu ana iya ceta idan kamuwa da cuta ya yadu, tare da maganin kwari (actellic, karbofos, fitoverm), fesa sau biyu. Ana kai hari kan albasa ta hanyar shigar da bazudin ko mai ci a cikin ƙasa. Sarrafa taba ko ƙura mai shaggy shima zai iya shafar kwaro, yana wasa da abin gogewa.
decis, CE (25 g / l) 2 ml / 10 l na ruwa,
malathion, SP (100 g / kg) 90 g / 10 l na ruwa,
kinmixom, CE, ME (50 g / l) 2.5 ml / 10 l na ruwa.
