Dabbobin dabba dabbar karama ce karama ta dabbobi. Waɗannan dabbobin, suma, 'yan' uwan ​​juna ne na 'squirrels, kodayake ba su kama da su.

A duniyarmu, masana kimiyya sun samo nau'ikan dabbobi 15 na waɗannan dabbobi. Sau ɗaya, a cikin tsohuwar zamanin ƙaura dabba, marmots sun ƙaura daga Amurka zuwa Asiya, kodayake sauran dabbobi, akasin haka, suna cikin sauri zuwa yamma. Yawancin nau'ikan waɗannan wakilan dangin murabba'i suna zaune ne a yankin Eurasian.

Menene ainihin bambance-bambance tsakanin marmots da ke rayuwa a yankuna daban-daban, kuma menene ke haɗa su? Tabbas, duk da kasancewa a cikin wurare daban-daban na yanayi, dukkan marmots suna dacewa iri ɗaya. Bugu da kari, kowane shimfidar ƙasa tana faɗuwa cikin ɓoyewa tare da farawa na lokacin sanyi. Abin da ya haɗu da waɗannan dabbobin shine cewa herbivores ne kuma basa rayuwa shi kaɗai, amma a cikin yankuna.

Waɗanne irin marmots ne ke wanzuwa?

Marmots ya kasu kashi biyu manya: filaye (baibaks) da tsauni, kowane ɗayan waɗannan rukunoni suna da nasarori daga dabbobi. Wadannan nau'o'in dabaibaye sun wanzu:

• Himalayan marmot
• Kamchatka marmot
• Albanin marmot,
• Marzbir marmot,
• ja ƙasa
• Altai sabar,
• nannun (baibak),
• launin toka marmot,
• farin marwa-marwa,
• ƙasa
• Marwan Mongolia,
• fararen itace
• launin toka
• Alaskan marmot,
• Kaya Yanar
• Groundhog ta Olympics
• rashin fahimtar kungiyar bobak.

Marmots salon

Waɗannan dabbobin suna son kashe yawancin rayukansu a cikin ramin su. A cikin wuraren da mulkin mallaka na marmot yake zaune, akwai nau'ikan ɓarna, wanda kowane ɗayan yana da nasa manufa. Misali, suna yin girke-girke don kariya, burrows na bazara (don ƙyanƙyashe) da kuma burrows na hunturu (don hutu).

A ƙarshen bazara da farkon faɗuwar rana, dabbobi sun zauna a cikin "wuraren zama" na hunturu nasu don hutu. Don kada kowa ya ta da dangin da yake barci a cikin rami, ƙofar marmots an rufe shi da "kwanduna" waɗanda aka yi da duwatsun da ƙasa. A lokacin bacci, jikinsu yana ci saboda yawan kitse mai yawa a lokacin bazara. Tuni a farkon Maris, kuma wani lokacin a ƙarshen Fabrairu, dabbobi suna farkawa kuma suka koma rayuwarsu ta al'ada.

Me marmots suke ci

A matsayin abinci, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaɓar tsirrai masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da wadataccen furotin, yayin da a lokaci guda suke cin ganyayyaki daban-daban a cikin watanni daban-daban. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da murfin kore bai isa ba, dole ne marmots ya kasance mai gamsuwa da kwararan fitila da rhizomes. A cikin watanni na lokacin rani, dabbar tana "cin abinci" tare da matasa harbe na amfanin gona na hatsi, fure, ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Tare da abincin tsirrai, kwari ma suna shiga ciki. Groundhogs baya buƙatar shan ruwa.

Yadda marmots ke kiwo

Wata daya bayan fara haila, kamar a watan Afrilu - Mayu, lokacin canjin canjin yanayi yana farawa a cikin marmots. Mace mai ciki tana haihuwar zuriya daga kimanin kwanaki 30 zuwa 35, daga nan ne ake haihuwar ƙarami. A matsakaici, mutum ɗaya yana haihuwar jarirai 4 zuwa 6. Babu ainihin ulu a kansu, kuma, ba su ganin komai. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda ɗan marmot mai ɗaukar nauyi bai wuce gram 40 ba, kuma tsawon jikin sa kusan santimita 11 ne. Su kankanta ne, kamar na kittens! Uwa tana ciyar da jarirai madara tsawon kwana 50 bayan haihuwa. Kuma kwanaki 40 bayan haihuwar ƙananan marmots sun fito daga ramin kuma suna cin ciyawa da kansu.

Alamar Groundhog

Marmots dabbobi ne masu kwanciyar hankali, suna son shirya wasannin kusa da dabbobinsu, musamman lokacin bazara. Wani lokaci, koyaushe, zasu iya yin yaƙi da juna, amma wannan yana da wuya sosai. Ko da “brawl” suna kallon abin dariya daga gefe. Harshen wa annan dabbobin sunfi magana fiye da ji, marmot tana ganin mutum sama da mita 400! Idan dabbar tana jin hadari ga kanta, to, yayin guduwa, tare da motsin sa (yana wutsiya wutsiyarsa), yana gargadin daukacin dangin cewa lokaci yayi da zasu buya a cikin wani rami.

Groundhog yana amfani ga mutane

Mutum ya dade yana farautar wannan dabbar. Amma me yasa? Groundhogs mai kitse a lokacin rani sune tushen nama, yayin da suke sada muhalli. Kari akan haka, ana jin daɗin wannan gashin dabbobi. Da kyau, fa'idar kitsen marmot a cikin maganin mutane yana da matukar wahala a wuce gona da iri! Saboda da dumamar da shi, yana da ikon warkar da mutum da cututtuka masu yawa.

Inda marmots suke zaune

Marmots suna zaune a cikin sarari na fili da kuma gandun daji-steppe, a cikin tsaunukan tuddai da kuma wuraren makiyaya. Arnuka da yawa da suka gabata, ana iya same su ko'ina a cikin dukkanin matakan, amma kisan da mutum ya yi, da kuma yadda gonar budurwa take, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa mazaunin marmots ya ragu sosai. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan wakilan dan kurege ba sa jituwa tsakanin albarkatun kuma ba za su iya cutar da burodin ba, kamar masu bincike. Kawai barin wadannan yankuna.
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Bayyanar ƙasa

Groundhog an bambanta shi ta jiki mai rushewa, babban shugabanci wanda ƙananan kunnuwa suke kashe kwayoyin halitta. Paarfin ƙasa yana da ƙarfi da gajarta, tare da isassun dabaru. Mutane daban-daban na iya isa nauyin kilo 7, suna da tsawon jiki har zuwa santimita 60.

Jawo daga sandunan ƙasa ya yi kauri, haske da taushi, cikin tsananin buƙata. Launi na iya zama daga haske zuwa launin rawaya mai duhu zuwa mai haske tare da jan launi, jan ko launin sautunan launin ruwan kasa.

Qualitywararrun fatalwar fata, nama mai daɗi da ɗimbin babban kitse mai narkewa, wanda ba kawai kayan fasaha bane, har ma da magunguna, suna bayyana shaharar wannan dabbar mara lahani tsakanin mafarauta.
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Nau'in Groundhog

A yankunmu, nau'in marmots da yawa na iya rayuwa. Mafi mashahuri da yaduwa shine marmot baibak da dangi na kusa - marmot mai launin toka, ballewar Siberiya. Suna zaune a yankin da kuma gandun daji-sashi na yankin Turai ... Kadan sau da yawa zaka iya samun marmots masu launin baki da ƙarami, Menziber, mutane masu dogon zango ..
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Siffofin rayuwar marmots a cikin Yanayi

Groundhog a ƙofar rami

Duk da girman yanki da aka rarraba, duk nau'in marmots suna da abubuwa iri ɗaya. Mataki da suke zaune a cikinsu koyaushe yana rufe marmots. Latterarshe suna kama da tuddai na ƙasa a hankali, waɗanda tsararraki da yawa suka zubar daga zurfin rami. Marmots na iya isa zuwa tsayin mita har zuwa mita, kuma galibi ana auna yankin su cikin dubun mitir ɗin murabba'i. Saboda ejection na kasa da kuma yawa na sharan gona - sakamakon muhimmin aiki na rodents, yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban wasu nau'ikan ciyayi an halitta su a marmot. Sabili da haka, a bango daga cikin matakan, suna da kyau sosai kuma ana ganin su kore aibobi ne. Haɓaka marmots yana bawa dabbobi damar samun kyakkyawar hangen nesa game da ƙasa.

Manyan dabbobin da ke zaune a mazauna kuma suna yin rayuwa ta yau da kullun ana iya ganin su daga nesa. Bayan sun lura da mafarautan, sai suka gudu da sauri kamar yadda suke iyawa zuwa rukuninsu na hanzari kuma suka ɓoye cikin sauri. Dabbobin iri ɗaya, waɗanda ke cikin haɗari nan da nan, suka tsaya a saman marmots, suna tashi a cikin ginshiƙai suna ta kuwwa a bayyane. Ana watsa kararrawa daga tashin ruwa zuwa wata. Rodents, da jin haka, ya katse musu hanyar ciyarwa ya nufi zuwa wurin ajiyar abinci.

Mulkin mallaka da kuma saurin sauti a tsakanin dabbobi sune sifofi mafi mahimmancin halaye kuma suna barin alamomi akan sauran sifofin ilimin halittu. Marmots ba zai iya rayuwa shi kadai ba. Kuma kodayake tare da masaniyar masunta mai mahimmanci, lambobinsu suna raguwa, lallai ne su iya haɗuwa cikin rukuni da ƙirƙirar sabbin mazauna.
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Iyalan Groundhog

Iyalin marmot na iya ɗaukar makircin zuwa kadada ɗaya. Za a iya samun motsin gida uku na 3-4. A cikin kowannensu akwai ramuka da yawa, tare da diamita na 20-30 santimita wanda ke jagorantar zurfi cikin ɗakunan da ake kwanciyar hankali. Gidajen burushi suna da matukar wahala a cikin ginin ƙasa. A cikin tsoffin marmots, tsawon darussan zasu iya kaiwa ga dubun mita, kuma zurfin shine mita 3-4. Hakanan akwai dakuna na hunturu, dakunan kwanan bazara, suna kusa da mafita. A cikin hunturu, daskararren ƙasa na hibernate tare da iyali gaba ɗaya, kuma har zuwa dabbobi 10 ana iya samun su a gida ɗaya. Sabili da haka, girman ɗakunan da ke da girma suna da girma sosai, har ma da manya na iya dacewa da su.

A cikin rukunin dangi akwai wasu mayukan da dabbobi ke amfani da su a lokacin dumama. Hanyoyin da ake kira Marshmallows sun haɗu da hanyoyin da ke tafiya tare, musamman ma lokacin da ciyawar ke fara tashi.

Baya ga farauta, kodayaushe akwai ramuka mai kariya ta dozin 2-3 a cikin tsarin iyali, wanda dabbobi za su iya amfani da shi idan akwai haɗari na kwatsam.
A cikin tsaunika, ana iya samun burbushin kwari sau da yawa tsakanin duwatsun, a cikin kabarin, a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi. Dabbobin suna yawan zama a kansu akan babban dutse, kamar dai suna tsaron rukuninsu.

Rarraba marmots cikin mazaunin zama mara daidaituwa. Tare da jin daɗin sauƙi mai sauƙi, ba wuya su iya daidaitawa, kuma an shimfida wuraren ƙawancensu a kan mai yawa. Kwararru suna kiran wannan nau'in sasantawa ta hanyar da take. An kwatanta shi da mafi girman matsakaitan dabbobi, wanda ya kai mutum 200 a kowace murabba'in kilomita na shafin.

A cikin tsaunuka, wuraren da suke zaune suna daɗaɗɗa a cikin kunkuntar tsini tare da katako. Mazauna-nau'in ƙauyuka suna maye gurbinsu tare da wuraren da ba a zaune ba. Akwai kuma nau'in mai da hankali, lokacin da a cikin ikon mulkin mallaka na rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin za ku iya haɗuwa da masarautun dabam waɗanda suke nesa da juna. Anan, hannun jari na marmots ƙanƙane, kuma a kowace murabba'in kilomita 1 babu dabbobi sama da 30-40.
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Harkokin rashin daidaituwa na ƙasa

Tsarin ƙasa na shekara-shekara ya ƙunshi tsawon lokacin rayuwa mai ƙarfi - yana ɗaukar watanni 4-5, da rashin himma - wanda zai ƙare tsawon shekara. A yawancin wurare, marmots suna farkawa ne kawai a tsakiyar lokacin bazara kuma suyi barci tare da farkon kaka.

A lokacin bazara, farfajiyar ƙasa ta farka da zaran farkon narkar da rago na farko ya bayyana a kan rafin kudu. A lokacin hurawa, suna kashe kashin kashin da ake tarawa ne daga kaka. Amma farkon tara sabon mai ya zo daidai da abin da ake fitarwa daga matasa dabbobi. Kayan mai ya tara a watanni 3-4. A lokacin asarar fata ta saurin tara kilo 2 na kitse.
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Kiwo ƙasa

Groundhog mace tare da cub

Marmots sun fara yin matse cikin ɓoyewa, kafin babban fashewa zuwa saman duniya bayan ɓacin hankali. Mace na iya kawo cuban 4-5, wanda bayan makonni 3 na ciyar da madara ya fara bayyana a farfajiya. A wannan lokacin, ana lura da rushewar iyalai na hunturu, kuma dabbobin sun zauna cikin tsananin bukukuwan bazara, ba tare da barin iyakokin tsarin gonar ba. Yankewar marmots na iya yin dare na wani lokaci a cikin abubuwan da ba mazauna ba, tare da share su kuma sannu a hankali rasa hulɗa tare da burbushin lokacin hunturu na yau da kullun.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a cikin farkon watanni na rayuwa, sama da rabin duk ruwan shago da mace ta kawo sun mutu. Matsakaicin saurayi abu ne mai sauki ga dawakai, corsacs, ferrets da gaggafa.

Marigayi farkon balaga, babban barrenness na mace, wanda ya fi rabin adadin da yawan balaguro na dabbobi, bayyana da ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙwaƙƙwaran abubuwa don mayar da lambobin su a lokacin kamun kifi.

Aiki da motsi na marmots sun sha bamban sosai a cikin watanni daban-daban. Marmots sun fi aiki bayan ɓoyewa da gaban matasa. Sannan ayyukan dabbobi masu girma yana raguwa, kuma a lokacin isasshen gashi, yakan ragu sau da yawa saboda yawan kiba. Lowarancin motsi da tsananin ƙima na dabbobi ga burunsu yana sa yana da wahala kifi a gare su a wannan lokacin. Amma ko da a lokacin lokatai na matsanancin aiki, marmots kan shafe kusan sa'o'i 4 a rana a waje.

Abun lura ya nuna cewa mako guda kafin ɓarkewar shinge ya toshe duk hanyoyin shiga rami, ya bar guda ɗaya. Don yin wannan, suna tura manyan duwatsun a cikin ramin a cikin ramin da fuskokinsu, suka rufe su da ƙasa da juji, sannan su haɗa komai da ƙarfi. Irin waɗannan matattarar na iya samun kauri daga zuwa mita 1.5-2.
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Marmot darajar

Abubuwan jikin Marmot suna cike da farin ciki tsawon watanni 1-1.5 bayan farkawa daga matsalar rashin kwanciyar hankali da kuma watan da ya gabata kafin kwanciya don hunturu. Ga sauran ragowar aikin dabbar, fatar jikinta ba ta da daraja. Farkon farawa da tsawon lokacin molting sun bambanta sosai. Shedding yana faruwa sosai kuma cikin kankanin lokaci.

Yiwuwar yin amfani da fatalwar, kitsen da nama yana ƙayyade babban darajar tattalin arzikin ƙasa.

Hanyoyin hakar ma'adinan ƙasa

Yadda ake min roba

Hanyoyi don samar da shimfidar ƙasa sun bambanta sosai. Kowane yanki yana da dabaru da suka fi so, wasu lokuta ba a amfani da su a wasu wurare.

Harbi daga bindiga ko ƙaramin bindiga sananne ne. Ana farauta ne musamman ta hanyar ɓoyewa. Yawan adana dabbobi a cikin burgo bashi da amfani. Zai fi kyau a harbi dabbobi daga kananan bindigogi irinsu, wanda ake iya maye gurbin gani da ƙusoshin ƙashi, wanda ke daidai da kunkuntar ramin gani da ido. Tabarau na hangen nesa da kwakwalwar ƙarfe na musamman kuma yana shan hayaki mai haushi. Wannan yana kawar da hasken ƙarfe, wanda zai iya tsangwama tare da ingantacciyar manufa. An haɗa keɓaɓɓun bipods a goshin bindiga don harbe-harben barkewa daga tasha. Waɗannan na'urorin suna ba da izinin yin harbi a cikin ƙwanƙolin kai a nesa har zuwa mita 50.
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N sake kama yayin farautar ƙasa

Yawancin mafarautan sun sa fararen tufafi, hannaye biyu na gwiwa da kuma gwiwar hannu wanda ya sa ya zama sauki ga dabba. A hannun mafarautan na riƙe da dogon goge fararen fata na ponytail. Sunawar buroshi, suna sha'awar dabbobi masu son sha'awa.

Baya ga kayan aikin da aka ƙayyade, mafarauci yana ɗaukar dogon ƙugiyar waya - dygen. Tare da taimakonsa, yana iya fitar da marmots da suka mutu, waɗanda wani lokacin sukan faɗi sosai a cikin rami. Kyakkyawan harbi na iya samun hargitsi 20 daga bindiga a kowace rana ta farauta.
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Tarkunan Ground

Tafiya ita ce hanya mafi inganci ta kamun kifi. Don kamun katangar baka mai kama da lamba No. 3. Yayin kamun kifi na kaka, ya fi fa'ida a sanya su ba a ƙofar rami ba, tunda a nan dabbar tana nuna kulawa sosai, amma a kan dandamalin lura ko mawuyacin hali. Kyakkyawan kamala shine tabbacin cewa tarkon ba zai zama fanko ba.

Kokarin da zai karfafa tarkon yakamata a tura shi zuwa cikin kasa domin tarkon da ya shiga tarko, ja sarkar, ya isa ramin ya hau ciki zuwa rabi. Anan zai nuna yanayin nutsuwa a hankali kuma ba zai iya karyewa ko juya sarkar ba.

A kowane marmot na mazaunin gida, zaku iya saita tarkuna 1-2. Ana bincika su kullun da karfe 9-10 na safe da awa daya kafin faɗuwar rana. Bayan kama motsi 1-2 daga marmot, zai fi dacewa ayi amfani da jigilar tarkuna kuma kar a kiyaye su a wuri guda sama da kwana 3-4. Ta yin amfani da har zuwa tarkuna 3 dozin, maharbi mai gwaninta na iya samun marmots 15-20 a kowace rana.
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Sauran hanyoyin fasa bututun ƙasa

Bugu da kari, a wasu lokutan ana amfani da karnuka don kama marmots waɗanda suke komawa daga nesa da ɓoye;

Marmot kamun kifi, kada su cikin ramuka da rami na ƙarshen baraka an hana. Bugu da kari, a matsayin nau'in farauta - ba su da amfani.

A yau mun yi magana ne game da halayen dabbobin ƙasa, yadda waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa, abubuwan da suke ci, yadda suke kiwo da kuma waɗanne hanyoyi ake ɗaukarsu da ake ganin sun zama ganima. Shin kun taɓa farautar ƙasa? Zai zama abin ban sha'awa a gare mu mu ji labarin ƙwarewar ku game da farautar wannan dabbobin. Raba labarinka tare da mu.

Muna jiran ra'ayoyin ku da ra'ayoyin ku, shiga cikin kungiyar mu ta VKontakte!