Afrikan manatee Amazon manatee

Manatees (lat. Trichechus) - asalin halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa daga cikin iyalin monotypic Tawanna, fitowar sirens. Wadannan herbivores suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mara ruwa kuma suna ciyar da ciyayi.

Fasali da mazaunin manatee

Manatees - Shanu na Teku, wanda galibi ana kiransa ne don rayuwa mai wahala, girmanta da kuma halayen cin ganyayyaki. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin tsarin sirens, sun gwammace su zauna cikin ruwa mara nisa, suna cin abinci iri-iri iri iri. Baya ga shanu, suna yawanci idan aka kwatanta su da digongs, kodayake manatees suna da sihiri da wutsiya daban, sun fi kama da bakin ruwa fiye da cokali mai yatsa, kamar digong.

Wata dabba wacce za'a iya cudanya da manatee tana da giwa, amma wannan haɗin shine saboda bawai girman girman waɗannan halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa bane, harma don dalilai na ilimin dabbobi.

A cikin manatees, kamar yadda yake a cikin giwaye, akwai canjin motsi cikin rayuwa. Sabbin hakora suna ci gaba da tafiya a kan layi kuma ƙarshe maye gurbin tsofaffin. Hakanan, giwayen da aka fi sani da giwa suna da ƙyallen da tayi kama da kusoshi na abokan duniya.

Wararren lafiyar manatee lafiyayye na iya zuwa daga kilo 400 zuwa 550, tare da jimillar jiki kusan 3 mita. Akwai lokuta masu ban mamaki lokacin da manatee ya kai nauyin kilo 1700 tare da tsawon mita 3.5.

Yawanci, mace ta zama keɓaɓɓe, saboda sun fi girma da nauyi fiye da maza. Lokacin da aka haife, jariri - manatee yana da nauyin kilo 30. Kuna iya saduwa da wannan dabbar da baƙon abu a cikin tekun Amurka, a Tekun Caribbean.

Yana da al'ada al'ada bambanta manyan nau'ikan manatees: Afirka, Ba'amurke da Ba'amurke. Nahiyar Afirka shanu — manatees wanda aka samo a cikin ruwan Afirka, Amazonian - Kudancin Amurka, Amurka - a Yammacin Indiya. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna jin daɗin duka a cikin ruwan gishiri da kuma a cikin ruwa mai kyau.

A baya can, an fara neman kambatun giwa saboda yawan nama da mai, amma yanzu an haramta farauta sosai. Duk da wannan, ana amfani da manatee Americanan Amurka a matsayin wani nau'in haɗari, tun da tasirin ɗan adam akan yankinta na asali ya rage yawan jama'a.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa manatees bashi da abokan gaba a tsakanin sauran mazaunan ruwa, maƙiyinsu shine mutum. Lalacewar giwayen teku ta hanyar kayan kamun kifi wanda manatee ya hadiye shi da gyada.

Da zaran cikin narkewar abinci, layin kamun kifi da gurneti sai ya kashe dabba daga ciki. Hakanan, masu yada kwale-kwale na da matukar hatsari, injin wanda dabbar ba ta jinsa da zahirinsa, saboda kawai zai iya karbar manyan mitutuka. An yi imani da cewa kafin halittar dan adam ta kirkiri kusan nau'ikan 20, duk da haka, mutumin zamani ya shaida rayuwar 3 kawai.

A lokaci guda, saniyar Steller ta ɓace saboda tasirin ɗan adam a cikin karni na 18, manateeƙar Ameriya tana cikin haɗari na ƙarewa, kamar dugong, wanda, rashin alheri, na iya samun matsayi guda a nan gaba.

Bugu da kari, tasirin dan adam a rayuwar wadannan dabbobin ya canza tsarin ƙaura shekara-shekara a wasu yankuna. Misali, yin amfani da dumama da dumama ruwa a kusa da tsire-tsire, manatees ya daina ƙaura don tsira daga yanayin sanyi.

Da alama wannan ba karamar matsala bace, tunda aikin tashoshin manatees kada ku tsoma baki ta kowace hanya, koyaya, kwanan nan an rufe yawancin wutar lantarki, kuma hatimin giwayen sun manta da hanyoyin ƙaura na ɗabi'a. Ma'aikatar Kula da Gandun daji ta Amurka tana magance wannan batun ta hanyar bincika zaɓuɓɓuka don ruwan zafi musamman don manatees.

Akwai wata almara wacce idan kuka fara gani manatee tana rera waka, wato, fitar da sauti na nuna yanayin halayensa, matafiya na teku sun ɗauke shi don kyakkyawar ƙauna.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar manatee

Zai zama kamar haka, kuna hukunta ta hotuna, manatee - Babbar dabba mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro, duk da haka, waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba su da wata illa. Akasin haka, manatees suna da matukar son aiki, masu tawali'u da ma'anar halayya. Suna kuma iya sauƙin daidaitawa don ɗaukan zaman talala kuma suna da sauƙin tarko.

Neman abinci, wanda kullun ke buƙatar ɗumbin ɗumbin giwayen giwa, dabbar za ta iya shawo kan manyan nisan tafiyar, tana motsawa daga ruwan gishiri zuwa bakin kogin kuma akasin haka. Manatee tana jin dadi kamar yadda zai yiwu a zurfin mitoci 1-5, zurfi, a matsayin mai mulkin, dabba ba ta sauka, idan ba a buƙatar hakan ta yanayin matsananciyar damuwa.

Canjin launin fata manatee a cikin hoto ya bambanta da launi irin na yara waɗanda aka haife su duhu fiye da iyayensu a launin toka-shuɗi. Dogon jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cike da ƙananan hammata, saman fata yana sannu a hankali ana sabunta shi koyaushe don guje wa tarawar algae.

Manatee deftly yayiwa manyan paws d'in, tare da taimakon taimakon ruwan teku da sauran abinci a bakinsa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, manatees ke zaune shi kadai, lokaci-lokaci kawai ke kafa kungiyoyi. Wannan yana faruwa yayin wasannin mating, lokacin da maza da yawa zasu iya kula da mace ɗaya. Giwaye masu ƙaunar salama ba sa yaƙi don ƙasa da matsayin zamantakewa.

Amurkan Amurkawa

A cikin tsayi, manatees na Amurka ba su wuce mita 5 ba. Yawan nauyinsu ya kai kilogram 200 zuwa 600, amma galibi suna ninka kilo 150-350.

Ana kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin cikin ƙungiyoyi ko maɗaukaki, amma a cikin ruwan sanyi suna kafa garkunan. Sun fi son wuraren da ke kusa da bakin koguna tare da jinkiri.

Manatees suna jin daɗin yanayin zafi na digiri na +20, amma zasu iya jure yanayin zafi ƙasa da +8. A cikin hunturu, galibi suna matsawa zuwa ruwa mai ɗumi.

A lokacin shakar iska ko ƙonawa, hanci ya buɗe na tsawon dakika biyu. Ba sa iyo a cikin madaidaiciyar layi, amma sun nutse a ƙarshen tafkin. Tare da taimakon ƙusoshin sassauƙa, suna "rarrafe" tare da ƙasa.

Duk da cewa abubuwan manatees suna da rauni, kuma baza su iya hawa kasa ba, manatees sun fi sauki kamar kifayen ci gaba da zama. A cikin Aquarium na Florida, an gano cewa idan kun daskarar da fata na manatee, zasu iya zama ba tare da ruwa ba na kwanaki.

Manatees yana numfasawa a hankali kuma a hankali, dakatarwa a tsakanin suri shine minti 1-2.5, amma wani lokacin zasu iya kaiwa minti 10-16.

Suna ciyar da ciyayi na ruwa. Su ne suka fi aiki da safe da maraice, kuma a cikin rana su galibi suna hutawa a saman ruwa. Amma sanannen abu ne cewa manatees a cikin bauta, akasin haka, ciyar da rana. Manatee ta kawo abinci ga bakin tare da fad'in gabanta. A cikin manya, a cikin layi biyu na jaws akwai motsi 5-7. Lokacin da hakora ke niƙa kuma su faɗi, haƙoran layin baya suna haɓaka, kuma sababbin hakora suna bayyana a wuri mafi girman layi.

Manatees ɗin Amurkawa da yawa suna sha abinci mai yawa. Yayin rana, dabbar tana cin kashi 20% na yawanta. A cikin zaman talala, suna jin daɗin magance apples, tumatir, letas da kabeji da babban jin daɗinsu. A cikin Aquarium na Florida, a wasu lokatai suna lalata ganyayyaki. A Jamaica, yana jan ƙananan kifaye daga raga a mashin.

Suna shirya rookeries a wani zurfin don ku iya numfashi, kuna ɗaga kai. Tsawon rayuwar manatees shine shekaru 30-60.

Wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne cikin ruwa mara ruwa kuma suna ciyar da ciyayi.

Abincin abinci na manatees

Kowace rana, manatee yana ɗaukar kilo 30 na algae don kiyaye nauyi mai yawa. Yawancin lokaci dole ne ku nemi abinci, tafiya mai nisa har ma da motsawa cikin sabbin koguna. Duk wani nau'in algae yana da sha'awa ga manatee; a wasu lokuta, ana cin abincin mai cin ganyayyaki ba tare da babban kifi da invertebrates daban-daban ba.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Maza maza suna shiri don matsu na farko ne kawai lokacin da suke shekara 10, mace tayi girma da sauri - sun sami damar haihuwar daga shekaru 4-5. Da yawa maza na iya kula da mace ɗaya a lokaci guda, har sai ta fi son ɗayansu. Lokacin haila ya bambanta daga watanni 12 zuwa 14.

Jaririn manatee nan da nan bayan haihuwar na iya kaiwa mita 1 a tsayi kuma yana nauyin kilo 30. Domin watanni 18 - 20, mahaifiyar tana ciyar da maraƙin a hankali tare da madara, duk da gaskiyar cewa jariri na iya bincika kuma ya sami abincin da kansa daga makonni 3 da haihuwa.

Yawancin masana kimiyya sun danganta wannan halayen saboda gaskiyar cewa haɗin tsakanin uwa da jariri a cikin manatees yana da ƙarfi mai ban mamaki ga wakilan duniyar dabba kuma yana iya wuce shekaru, har ma tsawon rayuwa. Balagagge mai lafiya zai iya rayuwa shekaru 55-60.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Wadannan wakilan flora da fauna sun kasance chordate dabbobi masu shayarwa, wakilai ne na tsari na sirens, an kasafta su ga asalin halittar dan adam da kuma nau'ikan halittu.

Wasu masu binciken sun yi imani da cewa a zamanin da wannan nau'in ya kasu kashi kusan kashi biyu. Koyaya, a yau kawai uku daga cikinsu suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta: Amazonian, Amurka da Afirka. Yawancin nau'in preexisting jinsunan sun kasance ƙare a ƙarshen karni na 18th.

Bidiyo: Manatee

Wanda ya fara binciken ambatar manatees shine Columbus. Shi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyarsa, ya lura da waɗannan wakilai a Sabuwar Duniya. Wakilan jirgin ruwan bincikensa sunce manyan dabbobin sun tunatar da su ruwan teku.

Dangane da rubuce-rubucen masanin ilimin dabbobi na Poland, mai bincike da masanin kimiyya, manatees a baya, har zuwa 1850, ya rayu ne kawai a yankin tsibirin Bering.

Akwai dabaru da yawa game da asalin waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki. A cewar daya daga cikinsu, manatees sun fito ne daga dabbobi masu shayarwa masu kafafu hudu. Suna ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin mazaunan ruwa, tun da yake sun wanzu fiye da shekaru miliyan 60 da suka gabata.

Hujjojin cewa magabatan su dabbobi masu shayarwa ne tabbatacce ta bayyanar dadaddun dabbobin a jikin wata gabar. Masana ilimin dabbobi na dabbobi sunce giwayen shine madaidaicinsu kuma mafi kusancinsu a duniya.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Dabbobin dabbobi

Fitowar manatee tana da ban sha'awa kwarai da gaske. Tsawon jikin jigon ruwan jigilar ruwa ya kai kimanin mita uku, nauyin jikin mutum zai iya kai tan. A cikin giwaye, ana magana da ƙarancin jima'i - mace tana da girma da girma fiye da maza.

Suna da manyan wutsiyoyi masu sanyin kifi wanda ke taimaka musu matuka cikin ruwa.

Dabbobin suna da ƙananan idanu, zagaye, mai zurfi, wanda aka kiyaye ta da membrane na musamman, sakamakon abin da manatees bashi da kyawun gani sosai, amma yana da ji sosai, duk da cewa manatees bashi da kunne na waje. Dabbobin dabbobi masu ruwa ruwa kuma suna da mummunar wari. Hanci yana da girma, an rufe shi da ƙarami, m tsayayye. Suna da lebe mai sassauƙa, mai motsi waɗanda suke saukaka sauƙi an kama abincin da aka shuka.

Shugaban yana gudana daidai cikin jiki, kusan haɗuwa da shi. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa a cikin rayuwar rayuwar hakoran an sabunta su, suna daidaitawa daidai da tsarin abinci mai canzawa. ,Arfi, hakora mai ƙarfi a sauƙaƙe niƙa kowace abincin shuka. Kamar dai giwaye, manatees suna canza hakora a duk rayuwarsu. Sabbin hakora suna bayyana a jere a baya, a hankali suna maye tsoffin.

Ba kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, suna da vertebrae na mahaifa shida. A wannan batun, ba sa iya juyar da kawunansu ta fuskoki daban-daban. Idan ya cancanta, juya kai, suna juya nan da nan tare da dukan jiki.

Mass kirji yana ba dabbobi damar kiyaye kafaɗarsu a kwance kuma yana rage buloginsa. Bsarfin dabbobi ana wakilta ta da ƙananan ƙyallen, dangane da girman jikin mutum. Suna daɗaɗɗun kunkuntar a gindi kuma an shimfiɗa su zuwa gefen. A tukwicin ƙusoshin akwai rubabbun kuli. Masu tsalle-tsalle suna bautar dabbobi a matsayin nau'i na hannaye, tare da taimakon wanda suke motsawa akan ruwa da ƙasa, kuma suna taimakawa wajen kama abinci da aika shi cikin bakin.

Ina manatee take zama?

Hoto: Tekun manatee

Mahalli na manatee shine yammacin gabar yammacin Afirka, kusan a duk gabar tekun Amurka. Mafi sau da yawa, dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin ƙarami kuma ba su da zurfin tafkuna. Sun gwammace su zabi wadancan wuraren rami inda ake wadataccen abinci. Kamar wannan, ana iya samun koguna, tafkuna, ƙananan biya, lagoons. A wasu halayen, ana iya same su a sassan yankin ruwan teku da suka fi girma da zurfin ruwa a zurfin bai wuce mil uku da rabi ba.

Manatees na iya wanzuwa da yardar rai a cikin ruwa mai kyau da ruwa. Duk shanu na teku, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in halitta ba, sun fi son ruwa mai ɗumi, zafin jiki wanda yake aƙalla digiri 18. Yana da uncharacteristic dabbobi su yi tafiya da ƙaura kan nesa mai nisa. Da wuya a rufe fiye da kilomita 3-4 a rana.

Dabbobin sun gwammace su jujjuya cikin ruwa mara ruwa, lokaci-lokaci suna iyo akan ruwa domin jawo iska a cikin huhunsu.

Dabbobi suna da hankali sosai ga ƙananan yanayin ruwa. Idan zazzabi ta faɗi ƙasa da digiri + 6 - +8, wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar dabbobi. A wannan batun, tare da farkon hunturu da sanyaya, dabbobi suna ƙaura daga gabar Amurka zuwa Kudancin Florida. Sau da yawa dabbobi suna tarawa a yankin da ake da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Lokacin da lokacin dumi ya sake dawowa, dabbobi za su koma yankin mazauninsu na asali.

Hare

Manatees wakilai ne na asalin halittun dabbobi masu shayarwa, wadanda suka haɗu cikin iyali Trichechidae (lanthine), ɓoye sirens. A cikin yanayin, akwai nau'ikan wakilai 3 na manatees kuma mai yiwuwa: Amazonian, Amurka, Afirka da dwarf. Wani suna na manatee shine saniya mai teku.

Me manatee ke ci?

Hoto: Manatee Sea Cow

Duk da girmanta, manatees sune wuraren kiwo. Don biyan kuɗin kuzarin jiki, ɗayan mutum yana buƙatar kilogram 50-60 na kayan shuka. Teetharfi da ƙarfi hakora rub wannan adadin ciyayi. Hakora a gaba suna gajiyawa. Koyaya, hakora suna maye gurbinsu ta baya.

Dabbobin suna ciyar da yawancin rana don ciyar da abin da ake kira makiyaya mai ruwa. Suna ɗaukar abinci galibi cikin ruwa mara zurfi, suna tafiya kusan ƙasa. A lokacin shan abinci, manatees suna amfani da rayayyun flippers, rake a cikinsu algae kuma suna kawo bakin. Shanun teku suna aiki da safe da maraice. A wannan lokacin, suna cin abinci. Bayan cin abinci mai yawa, sun fi son samun hutu mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali.

Yawancin abinci yana dogara da yankin mazauninsu. Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin teku sun gwammace su ci ciyawar teku. Manatees da suke rayuwa a cikin tafkunan ruwa su ke ciyar da ciyayi da ruwan sanyi.Yawancin lokaci, don samar da wadataccen abinci, dabbobi dole su yi ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna don bincika ciyayi. A matsayin tushen abinci, ana iya amfani da kowane nau'in marine da ciyawar ruwa. A lokuta da dama, ƙananan kifaye, ire-iren nau'ikan cikin ruwa na gurɓataccen abincin ganyayyaki.

Bayanin

Manatee wakilin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. A cikin jinsuna uku na wannan iyali, tsayin jikin mutum yakai mil biyu da rabi zuwa uku da rabi kuma kawai dwarf manatees yayi girma zuwa matsakaitan mitoci ɗaya da rabi.

Ana ma'anar manatees ta fuskoki masu fasali (kalmar an samo ta ne daga kalmar spindle) babban nau'i, wanda aka rufe shi da babban farin fata. Alamar launin toka mai kyau da kuma rashin gashin gashi. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance shine vibrissae - gashi mai wuya akan fuska. Kuna iya ganin hoton manatee na dabba a haɗe a ƙasa.

Vibrissas gashin gashi ne kuma yana tura girgiza iska zuwa kwakwalwa. Wannan ba kawai zai taimaki dabba ba don neman kwatance da abinci, harma don gujewa haɗari. A zahiri, vibrissae masu karɓar dabbobi ne wadanda suka canza tare da juyin halitta.

An lura da cewa manatees suna da vertebrae 6 na mahaifa, yayin da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa suke da 7. Shugaban dabbar yana da ƙanana, wanda ba zai iya juyawa daga gefe zuwa gefe. Wataƙila wannan ya faru ne saboda raunin gawar. Manatees dole su juya tare da duban hanyar don duba ƙasa.

A mucks ne ƙanana da murabba'i. A ɓangaren ɓangaren gaban akwai ƙananan idanu masu zurfi, masu ƙyalli a kansu waɗanda aka rufe su da madauwari. Akwai membrane na musamman akan idanun da ke kare ɗalibai da iris. Manatee bashi da tsarin kunne na waje, amma wannan baya hana dabba jin magana daidai.

A fuska akwai manyan lebe iri iri, aikinsu shine tara abinci. Ana tattara abinci a lokaci guda akan leɓun biyu. Siffar halayyar manatees a cikin kullun canji na motsi. Tsarin shine kamar haka: tsohuwar hakora suna girma a baya, a hankali suna tura su zuwa gaban muƙamuƙi ..

A gaban jiki akwai wasu 'yan' yatsun hannu da suka fashe wadanda suke haifar da ƙeme. Nail-like hooves suna kan waɗannan juyawa. An kammala jikin ta ta wani zubin wutsiyar wutsiya mai kama da itacen oar a siffar. Waɗannan ƙyallen ɗayan ƙyallen layin guda ne kawai.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Manatee da Man

Shanun tekun galibi suna zaune su kadai, ko kuma nau'i-nau'i. Dabbobi ba a haɗa su da wani yanki na musamman ba, don haka ba su da wani dalilin yin jayayya da ƙididdigar jagora, tare da kare yankinsu. Za'a iya lura da babban adadin manatees a lokacin lokacin kiwo ko a yankin da akwai hanyoyin samun ruwa mai ɗumi, ko hasken rana kai tsaye suna hura ruwan. A yanayi, ana kiran rukuni na manatees. Lambobin tara yawanci basu wuce mutum shida zuwa bakwai ba.

Bayyanar dabbobi yana haifar da jin daɗin tsoro, hulɗar tsoro. Koyaya, bayyanar ba gaskiya bane. Dabbobi suna da sassauyawar sassauƙa, ƙauna, kuma ba kowane halin tashin hankali ba. An bayyana manatees a matsayin dabbobi masu son tunani wadanda suke da amana ko da mutum ne kuma basa tsoron fuskantar hulda dashi kai tsaye.

Matsakaicin saurin da suke yawanci ruwa shine 7-9 km / h. Koyaya, a wasu yanayi zasu iya kaiwa da saurin zuwa 25 km / h.

Dabbobin basu iya kasancewa cikin ruwa sama da minti goma sha biyu. Koyaya, ba su kashe lokaci mai yawa akan ƙasa ba. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kashe yawancin rayuwarsu a ruwa. Don tsayawa a cikin kandami na dogon lokaci, suna buƙatar iska. Koyaya, don daidaita huhun huhun tare da isashshen sunadarin oxygen, suna zuwa sama kuma suna shafan hanci da hanci. Yawancin dabbobi masu jin daɗi suna ji a zurfin mita ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Manatee Cub

Maza sun kai ga balaga ne shekaru 10 kacal bayan haihuwar, mace ta yi zurfin jima'i da wuri - yana da shekaru biyar. Lokacin kiwo bashi da dogaro na lokacin. Duk da wannan, mafi yawan jariran ana haihuwar su a lokacin kaka da damina. Mafi yawan lokuta, da yawa maza suna da'awar 'yancin shiga aure tare da mace. Tsawon lokacin shari'a zai ci gaba har sai ta fi son wani kadai.

Bayan balaga, ciki na faruwa, wanda yakan kasance daga watanni 12 zuwa 14. Sealan farin giwar giwa ya kai kilo 30-35, da mita 1-1.20. Cubs suna bayyana akan saiti ɗaya a lokaci guda, da wuya a cikin adadin mutane biyu. Tsarin haihuwa yana faruwa ne karkashin ruwa. Nan da nan bayan haihuwar, jariri yana buƙatar zuwa saman ruwa kuma ya sha iska cikin huhu. Mahaifiyarsa tana taimaka masa a wannan.

Sabbin jarirai da sauri suna dacewa da yanayin muhalli, kuma suna iya cin abincin shuka, da kansu tun daga wata ɗaya da haihuwa. Kodayake, mace tana ciyar da yarinyar da madara har zuwa watanni 17-20.

Likitocin dabbobi, sun ce wadannan dabbobin suna da madafan iko, kusan ba za'a iya bambancewa tsakanin jariri da uwa. An haɗa su da shi tsawon rayuwarsu gaba daya. Matsakaicin rayuwar dabbobi a cikin yanayin halitta shine shekaru 50-60. Masanan dabbobi sun lura cewa manatees yana da yanayin aikin haihuwa mai ƙarancin gaske, wanda shima ya cutar da yawan dabbobi.

Abokan Halitta na Manatees

Hoto: Dabbobin dabbobi

Abin lura ne cewa a cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, waɗannan wakilan flora da fauna basu da abokan gaba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin zurfin teku babu kusan dabbobi da suka fi girma fiye da yadda ake sarrafa su a girma da iko. Babban abokin gaba ya kasance mutum da ayyukansa. Mutane ne suka haddasa kusan bacewar shanu a cikin teku.

Mutane sun sami waɗannan wakilai na rayuwar ruwa a ƙarni na 17 kuma suka fara hallaka su ba da tausayi. Ga mutane, mahimmanci ba wai kawai nama ne mai daɗi ba, wanda a kowane lokaci ana ɗaukar shi mai ɗanɗano ne, amma har da mai laushi mai taushi. Anyi amfani dashi akan babban sikelin a madadin magani, maganin shafawa, mala'ikan, ruwan sanyi an shirya shi akan shi. Sun kuma farautar dabbobi don manufar sanya fata. Akwai dalilai da yawa na lalata dabbobi, ban da farauta da kisan mutane da gangan.

Dalilai na halakar jinsunan:

• dabbobi suna mutuwa sakamakon gaskiyar cewa suna motsawa a saman ƙasa, suna cin ciyayi, a cikinsu akwai hanyoyin kamun kifi. Dabbobin suna jujjuya su da juji, dabbobi suna azabtar da kansu ga jinkirin mutuwa mai raɗaɗi,
• Wani dalilin mutuwar manatees shine gurbatawa da lalata mazauninsu na asali. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon ci gaba da sharar gida mai cutarwa zuwa ga ruwa, ko kuma gina madatsun ruwa,
• yachts, da sauran tasoshin teku suna haifar da barazana ga rayuwa da yalwar manatees saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi ba koyaushe suke jin gabansu ba. dabbobi da yawa sun mutu a ƙarƙashin ruwan wukake na jirgin ruwa,
• ƙaramin, manatees mai ƙyalli na iya zama ganima a cikin babban kogin damis, ko kuma dabbobin ruwa a cikin koguna na wurare masu zafi.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Har zuwa yau, kowane nau'in manatee an jera su a cikin littafin Duniya na Red a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Masana ilimin dabbobi da dabbobi sun nuna cewa nan da shekaru 20 masu zuwa, dabbobin za su ragu da kamar uku.

Bayanan giwaye da yawa sunada wahalar samu, musamman ga jinsunan dake rayuwa cikin wahala-da-wuya, yankuna mara iyaka na tekun Amazoniya. Duk da cewa daidaitaccen bayanai akan yawan dabbobi ba ya zama a yau, masana ilimin dabbobi sun bayar da shawarar cewa yawan adadin mazaunan ƙasar Amazon ba sui ƙasa da mutum 10,000 ba.

Dabbobin da ke zaune a Florida, ko wakilan Antilles an jera su a cikin Littafin Lissafi har zuwa 1970.

Masana kimiyya sunyi ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kuma sun gano cewa a tsakanin duk mutanen da suke wanzuwar yanayin, kusan 2500 sun balaga. Wannan gaskiyar tana nuna cewa duk shekarun da suka gabata shekaru biyu zasu ragu da kimanin 25-30%.

A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, an gudanar da babban aiki don ƙara lamba da adana nau'in halittar, wanda ya sami sakamako. Tun daga Maris 31, 2017, manatees sun canza matsayin su daga barazanar rushewa gaba ɗaya zuwa barazanar. Masunta, makiyaya, da lalata halayensu na asali har yanzu suna haifar da rage lambobin dabbobi.

Kariya na manatees

Hoto: Manatees daga Littafin Jan

Don kiyaye jinsunan, dabbobi an jera su a cikin Babban littafin duniya. An basu matsayin wani nau'in halittar dake fuskantar cikakken nau'i. Hukumomin Amurka sun yi iya kokarinsu. Sun kirkiro wani shiri na musamman don kiyaye matsayin mazaunan dabbobi. Haramun ne farautarsu a matakin majalisa da keta wannan doka laifi ne da laifi.

Hakanan, hukumomin Amurkan sun haramta kamun kifin don tarwatsa tarun a gidajen mazaunan. A karkashin dokar Amurka, duk wanda ya keta wadannan sharudda da gangan ko kuma da gangan ya haifar da mutuwar manatee yana fuskantar tara tarar $ 3,000, ko kuma watanni 24 na yin gyara. A shekarar 1976, an bullo da tsarin yin kwaskwarimar dabbobi a Amurka.

A cikin tsarin wannan shirin, an ba da shawarar sarrafa fitar da sharar masana'antar mai a cikin ruwa, gami da hana amfani da jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi kuma inda yakamata a rufe giwayen giwayen, gami da tsaurara dokar hana farauta ta amfani da gidan kamun kifi.

Manatee - wakilan ban mamaki na rayuwar ruwa. Duk da girman girman su da kuma bayyanar su masu ban mamaki, suna da dabbobi masu kirki da aminci, sanadin ɓacewar mutum da tasirinsa masu lahani.

Sake bugun Americanan asalin ƙasar Amurika

Balagarsu na faruwa ne a shekaru 3-4. Lokacin mating yana ci gaba cikin shekara. Sake haifuwa a cikin wadannan dabbobin yayi jinkiri. Lokacin haila shine watanni 12-14. Mafi sau da yawa, mace ta kawo ɗa guda ɗaya, wanda ke kulawa da shekaru 1-3. A cikin tsayi, jariri ya kai mita 1-1.2, kuma yana nauyin kilo 16-23. An lullube jikin cuban sandar.

Uwar tana da kusanci da jaririn sosai, saboda haka ba ta yashe shi ba, koda kuwa ita da kanta take fuskantar mutuwa. Ciyar da madara na tsawon watanni 18. Cubs suna girma a hankali, kawai a ƙarshen shekara ta 3 na rayuwarsu tsawon jikinsu ya ninka, sannan girma ya tsaya ba zato ba tsammani.

Baya ga manatees na Amurka, akwai wasu yarukan Afirka da na Amazon. Mutane suna farautar duk waɗannan nau'ikan tun ƙarni na 17, saboda naman su.

'Yan asalin Afirka suna zaune kusa da bakin teku da kuma a cikin koguna na Afirka ta yamma.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da manatees na Amurka

A cikin yanki na mahaifa, manatees suna da vertebrae 6, kuma a cikin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa na dabbobi vertebrae 7. Manatees suna cikin tsarin sirens, sune kadai dabbobi masu shayarwa suke cin tsire-tsire. Zuciya a cikin manatees ta Amurka ta bambanta a cikin aji: tana da ƙarami kuma tana nauyin 1,000 sau ƙasa da jiki. Zuciya ta kunshi ciki bifid.

'Yar Afirka

Manatees na wannan nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin kananan hanyoyi da koguna a kewayen Afirka. Suna da jiki mai girma, kamanninsa wanda yayi kama da na saƙar whale. Rage gashi ya zama rarrabe. Lebe na sama yana da gashin-baki. Babu wadatattun abubuwa na waje, amma manatees na iya jin daidai. Idanun manatees kadan ne. Suna da lebe.

Manatee ma ana baci musamman a wurare tare da ciyayi mai yawa, tunda suna da abinci sosai.

Manyan kannun gora sune katutu wadanda ake amfani dasu don iyo, ciyarwa da kuma kula da jarirai. Hakanan, masu juyawa suna ba su damar jan ciki tare da kasan. Ana amfani da wutsiyar yayin hurewa don kiyaye daidaituwa.

Rayuwar Afirka manatee

Halin da salon rayuwar manatees na Afirka ya yi daidai da al'adun rayuwar mutanen Amurka. Unionungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da Halittu ta haɗa da ikon Afirka a cikin jerin tsararrun jinsi. A cikin wuraren zama, ana kiyaye manatees.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Ban da kusancin kusancin da ke tsakanin uwaye da theiryansu (maraƙi), manatees dabbobi ne kaɗai. Psarfin mata suna kashe kusan 50% na rayuwarsu a cikin mafarki a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kullun "fita" zuwa cikin iska a tsakiyar lokacin mintuna 15-20. Ragowar lokacin "kuje" cikin ruwa mara ruwa. Manatees suna son zaman lafiya da yin iyo a saurin 5 zuwa 8 a kowace awa.

Ba abin mamaki ba an sakaya musu suna «shanu»!Manatees Yi amfani da hotunansu don motsawa tare da ƙasa yayin da suke saurin tono tsire-tsire da Tushen daga cikin substrate. Cikakken huhu a cikin babba da kuma ƙananan kashin yariyar tsage abinci.

Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba masu tayar da hankali ba ne kuma ba za su iya yin amfani da tutocinsu ba don kai hari. Dole ne ku sa duk hannun ku a cikin bakin manatee don samun hakora da yawa.

Dabbobi sun fahimci wasu ayyuka kuma suna nuna alamun hadaddun ilmantarwa mai zurfi, suna da kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwa na dogon lokaci. Manatees suna yin sauti da yawa da ake amfani da su wajen sadarwa, musamman tsakanin uwa da maraƙi. Manya suna “magana” ba sa samun sauƙaƙe don haɗu da juna yayin wasannin jima'i.

Duk da girman nauyinsu, basa da ci gaba mai mai, kamar kifayen whales, don haka lokacin da ruwan zafin ya sauka kasa da digiri 15, sun fi mai da hankali a wurare. Wannan yaudaran wauta kan giantsan wasan.

Da yawa daga cikinsu sun saba da kwanciyar hankali kusa da na birni da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin wuta, musamman a lokacin hunturu. Masana kimiyya sun damu: wasu tashoshin tashoshi na zahiri da na zahiri suna rufewa, kuma ana amfani da magidanta masu nauyi zuwa komawa wuri guda.

Tsawon manatee daga cikin akwatin kifaye a Bradenton

Mafi tsufa wanda aka kama a kurkuku shine Snooty daga cikin akwatin gidan kayan gargajiya na South Florida a Bradenton. An haifi tsohon soja a Miami Aquarium da Tackle a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1948. Masana binciken dabbobi ne suka kirkiro shi, Snooti bai taba ganin dabbobin daji ba kuma ya fi dacewa da yaran gida. Wanda ke zaune a dindindin na akwatin kifaye ya mutu kwana biyu bayan haihuwarsa ta 69, Yuli 23, 2017: an same shi a cikin yankin ruwa da ake amfani da shi don tsarin tallafawa rayuwa.

Enan shekaru ɗin ya zama sananne a cikin zaman jama'a sosai manatee. A hoto yakan yi jita-jita tare da ma'aikatan da ke ciyar da dabbar, a wasu hotuna "dattijon" yana kallon baƙi tare da sha'awa. Snooty wani yanki ne da akafi so don bincike game da kwarewa da kuma darajar koyon jinsunan.

Ina manatees suke zaune?

Manatees suna zaune a bakin Tekun Atlantika. Yankin rarrabawa yana farawa daga jihohin Georgia da Florida (Kudu maso gabashin Amurka) kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa Brazil. Manatees suna da cikakken zama a gabar Tekun Mexico da Caribbean.

Hakanan, manatees suna zaune a cikin koguna kamar Amazon da Orinoco, saboda a same su zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Daga Yammacin Tekun Atlantika, ana rarraba manatees a gefen gabar Afirka, wanda ya taso daga Senegal zuwa Angola.

A yau akwai nau'ikan hukuma 3 na manatees kuma mai yiwuwa.

Amazon manatee

Wannan wakilin manatees yana rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa tsarkakakke. Range: Kogin Amazon da kayan aikinta. Yankin da aka fi ƙauna shi ne mazaunin wuraren ajiye tafki, lagoons, wuraren saukar ruwa kogi. Dole ne yankin ya cika tare da ciyayi, don abinci. Banbancin halayyar: farin fari ko ruwan hoda is located on kirji, kuma claw rudiments ba ya nan a kan flippers.

Ba'amurke manatee

An daidaita shi da ruwan gishiri, da sabo. Yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, amma zai fi dacewa da zaɓar ruwa mai kyau ga mazauninsu. Akwai ƙwallayen peculiar na kan ƙusoshin. Daga cikin sauran wakilai za a iya bambanta su da launi mai haske-launin toka mai kyau, haka kuma ta hanyar leɓon sama mai haɓaka, wanda ke ba ku damar ɗaukar abinci da sauri.

Dwarf manatee

Wannan nau'in manatees mai yiwuwa yana zaune a cikin ƙananan sassan kogin tare da saurin gudana. Yankin rarraba yanki karami ne: haraji ne na Kogin Aripuanan, wanda ke cikin kwarin Amazon.

Tsawon jikin mutum ya fi mita nesa, nauyi kuma ya kai kilo 60. Dwarf manatee shine mafi karancin memba na duka dangi. Launin jikin baki ne, akwai fararen tabo a ciki.

A halin yanzu, Unionungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da Halittu ba ta karɓa da cikakkun manufofin dwarf ba.

Magabatan manatees

A cikin mazauninsu na halitta, kada kai, kadaici da kifayen suna haifar da barazanar da matasa maza ke yi. Hakanan, manatees basa jure sanyi, saboda haka zasu iya mutuwa saboda sanyin sanyi. Misali, a shekara ta 2010, saboda tsananin sanyi a cikin Florida, manate 246 sun mutu. Sauran nau'ikan barazanar sun haɗa da ciwon huhu, cututtukan gastrointestinal, da zazzabi.

Babban matsalar manatees mutane ce. Da fari dai, waɗannan dabbobi masu jinkirin ne waɗanda ba za su iya yin iyo da sauri ba daga mafarauta. Abu na biyu, kasancewa cikin ruwa mara zurfi, suna iya sauƙaƙe gindin jirgin kuma samun raunin da ke kaiwa ga mutuwa.

Halin Dubawa

Manatees ya mutu a waje ko kuwa? Wannan tambayar galibi tana da amfani ga masu amfani da yanar gizo. Ba tukuna, amma manatees suna cikin haɗarin halaka. IUCN ya ayyana dabbobi a matsayin masu saurin cutarwa ko kuma babban haɗarin lalata su. Kungiyar tana da jita-jita cewa yawan manatee zai ragu da kashi 30% cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.

Haramun ne farauta a matakin majalisa. Don haka, alal misali, barayin teku waɗanda ke zaune a cikin jihar Florida an jera su a cikin littafin Red a shekarar 1967. A wannan lokacin akwai mutane kusan dubu biyu da rabi. Godiya ga aiki mai wahala wanda ya wuce shekaru 40, yawan manatees ya karu a wannan yanki da kashi 20%.

A cikin Afirka, ba kasa da mutane dubu 10 na manatees. Amma ba shi yiwuwa a waƙa da yawan mutane a cikin Amazon, don haka babu wani bayanan hukuma.

Koyaya, dalilin wannan ba shine kawai mace-mace ba, har ma gaskiyar cewa manatees da wuya ya bar zuriya.