Kifin-kifin toothed a cikin ruwa aquariums galibi ana wakilta shi da nau'in viviparous. A kowane hali, guppies, mollies, pecilia da takobi sanannu ne ga masu farawa - da farko saboda saukin kiyayewa da kiwo.
Amma cyprinids masu lalacewa ba su da yawa. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa kiyayewa da kuma haifar da su ya fi wahala fiye da viviparous. Amma idan kun fahimci ilmin halitta na irin wannan kifin, to matsaloli za su tashi ne kawai a farkon matakan. Kuma hanya mafi sauki don fara binciken cyprinids mai gudana shine tare da wannan labarin mai cikakken bayani.
Habitat
Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce fadama, tafkuna da sauran wuraren rafin wuraren hamada na "Kogin yamma" na Amurka a cikin ƙananan kogin Kogin Colorado a cikin ƙasashe na zamani na California, Arizona, Nevada, da arewacin Mexico. Ko yaya? a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun zama tartsatsi a cikin Amurka duka - wanda aka yi amfani da su don yaƙar cizon sauro.
Wannan nau'in tsohuwar halitta ce ta halitta, akwai shaidar archaeological cewa Karpozubiki ya rayu a cikin jerin hanyoyin ruwan haɗi mai haɗe-haɗe na prehistoric. Kimanin shekaru dubu 10 da suka gabata, a lokacin Pleistocene, a ƙarshen shekarun kankara, ƙarshen tafkuna sun bushe, suna juyawa zuwa kananan wuraren rabewa da juna. A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan sanannun nau'ikan 13, da kuma yawancin tallafin. Da yawa daga cikinsu ana samun su ne kawai a cikin takamaiman tafki guda ɗaya, wanda ya sa suka zama mai tsananin ban sha'awa ga wannan yankin.
A dabi'a, za su iya rayuwa cikin matsanancin yanayi, waɗanda ba su yarda da yawancin nau'in kifayen ba. Suna ciyar da sauro da sauran larvae, ciyayi, da katantanwa.
Bayanin
Jikin gajere ne, wajen tsana, kai babba ne. Tsarin bakin yana sa ya zama sauƙin kama ganima daga ƙasa. Fashin jikin su babba ne, zagaye, ƙuguwar dorsal tana kusa da bayan jikin. Launi ba abun mamaki bane - yana da zaituni a launi mai launuka iri-iri na duhu, amma a lokacin tsinkewa namiji ya canza sosai, ya zama bakan gizo.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Suna cikin jinsin da ake dasu, zasuyi murna da dukkan nau'ikan busassun (flakes, granules), daskararren abinci da abinci (zubar jini, zazzabin cizon sauro, tubule, brine shrimp ga matasa mutane).
Sun fito ne daga ruwa, yanayin da suke canzawa koyaushe, sabili da haka, ba shi da wuya a kiyaye Desert Carpines a cikin akwatin gidan ruwa. Heataya daga cikin hita zai iya ba da tsayayyen zazzabi sama da 25 ° C, amma idan akwai rushewa ana bada shawarar shigar da ma'aunin inshora, in ba haka ba kifin zai iya shiga cikin rashin nutsuwa lokacin da zazzabi ya faɗi. Ruwan ingancin ruwa zai samar da matattara mai inganci da kuma sabunta shi a sati sati ta uku. Ya kamata a yi amfani da akwatin kifaye tare da murfi don hana tsalle mai haɗari. Ana buƙatar ruwan brackish, maida hankali akan gishirin teku shine teaspoons 3 (ba tare da zamewa ba) a kowace lita 10 na ruwa.
Samun kusanci da yanayin halaye. Kifi zai yi godiya ga daskararren yashi da yashi da za ku iya haƙa dashi. A matsayin ado, duwatsun da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu iyo da ruwa), masu dacewa da gishiri, sun dace. Haske yana da rauni ko matsakaici.
Halin zamantakewa
Saboda yanayin hadadden ruwan, kawai wakilan wannan nau'in gungun ana daukarsu a matsayin makwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye. Samun nasara yana yiwuwa tare da wasu Carpines. Mata suna da salama, suna iya rayuwa a cikin jama a da daidaikun mutane, maza, akasin haka, sun fi son abun da ke ciki, ko a cikin maza / mata, suna nuna yanki, musamman a lokacin kiwo.
Kiwo / kiwo
Lokacin kiwo yana daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Oktoba. Shirya don tsiyayarwa za'a iya tabbatarwa ta hanyar canza launin namiji. A wannan lokacin, ya fara kare yankinsa da ƙarfi ban da mace. Bayan an gama yin haila, mace za ta sanya kwai daya a lokaci guda. Da yawa daga qwai za a kwantawa a cikin 'yan awanni, a cikin tsawon lokacin sama da mutum ɗari.
Ana shawarar yin amfani da tsalle-tsalle a cikin wani tanki na daban tare da yanayin ruwa iri ɗaya, kamar yadda a cikin babban akwatin kifaye. Don kare qwai, samar da ƙananan ƙananan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke samar da murfin mai yawa kuma sun sami damar ɗaukar ruwa mai ƙarfin wuta. A cikin sa ne za a sanya ƙwai, a lokacin da ƙaddara ta ƙare kuma mace ta daina sanya ƙwai, ya kamata a cire iyayen nan da nan daga akwatin kifayen. Kifi sun ci zuriyarsu.
A soya bayyana a 6-10 kwanaki, a rana mai zuwa ana iya ciyar da su tare da ciliates, kuma kamar yadda suke girma sun iya canzawa zuwa artemia. Suna girma da sauri, suna cikakkiyar balaga by watanni 2-3.
Sauran sunaye
Kifin kodar macizai yana da sunan kimiyya - Cyprinodon diabolis. Masu son yanayin halitta suna kiran kifin da ba kasafai ba - haƙar haƙar thean ramin Iblis (daga Turanci Iblis-s Hole pupfish).
Majanyin Iblis (Shafin dutsenis na Cyprinodon).
Tarihi na gano nau'ikan
An gano haƙoran haƙarƙarin haƙoran haƙoran na farko a cikin 1890, ba a san sunan mai binciken ba. Masanin ilmin halitta Joseph Wales ne ya gabatar da bayanin kimiyya a cikin nau'in halittu na musamman a cikin 1930. Mashin Shaidan Iblis babban kifi ne daga Pliocene wanda yake zaune a cikin kasada daga duk duniya. Wannan nau'in ya wanzu a cikin ƙasa tsawon shekaru 30,000 zuwa 50,000.
Babban bayani game da kifin Killi
Killy babban rukuni ne na kifi, wanda ya hada da jinsunan Amurka da na Afirka. Yawancin su ƙananan kifi ne (6 - 12 cm) tare da bayanin martaba. Saboda bayyanar su, sun sami suna na biyu - "pike." Kodayake, a zahiri, kisa ba shi da alaƙa da pikes na gaske.
A cikin duka, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan cyprinids sama da 100. Amma matsaloli tare da kiwo sun zama dalilin cewa a cikin hanyoyin ruwa zaka iya samun varietiesan dozin kawai. A gefe guda, ire-ire irin waɗannan kifin sun isa sosai don nemo ɗan da ya dace da akwatin kifayen ku.
A cikin yanayin halitta, kisa yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai buɗewa, kuma a cikin yanayi daban-daban: wasu nau'in za su iya jure ƙarancin ruwan sha, wasu suna tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 50, da sauransu. Hakanan akwai kifayen da suka fi so su zauna a cikin tekun da ke gudana a cikin tekuna - suna iyo iyo ba tare da sakamako ba cikin ruwan gishiri.
Amma duk da haka, babban yanki don kisan shine ƙananan tabkuna, canals, ko ma dabbobin ruwa. Daga nan, ta hanyar, sunan su ma ya zo ("kashe" wanda aka fassara daga Dutch - "rami" ko "karamin kandami"). Wannan yana yin bayani game da kyakkyawan ikon daidaitawa zuwa ga matsanancin yanayin rayuwa, da kuma alamomin yanayin kiwo na yawancin kili.
Mafi mashahuri nau'in kashe-kashe
A cikin kantin sayar da dabbobi ko kasuwar tsuntsu, kewayon cyprinids mai cike da yaduwa yana da faɗi sosai. Amma idan ba kuyi la'akari da iris da atherin ba, kuma ku mai da hankali kan kisa na gargajiya kawai, zaku zaɓi, mafi kusantarwa, daga yawancin jinsuna.
Mafi mashahuri nau'in kashe-kashe zan kira waɗannan:
- Afiosemion Gardner karamin kifi ne na Afirka. Jikin gargajiya na gargajiya don wakilan wannan dangin yana da daɗewa, tare da fasalin halayen kai. Kandalin Caudal tare da tsinkayen guda biyu suna ba shi kamannin nau'in lyre. Matsakaicin girman mutum shine 6.5 cm .. Matan sun yi furfura da laushi, amma maza yawanci suna da shuɗi mai haske, masu launuka masu launin shuɗi da ƙyallen fika. Ba shi da wuya a ƙunshi amphiosemions; Babban abin ba shine kar a sha ruwan (matsakaicin 25). Hakanan yana da kyau a kara gishiri, albeit a cikin adadi kaɗan.
- Notobranchius Rakhova wani nau'in dan Afirka ne wanda aka samo shi cikin yanayi a cikin savannah na gabashin Afirka. Bushewa lokaci-lokaci na waɗannan ƙananan tafkuna da kwale-kwale na barin alamarta akan rayuwar notobranchius (tana sanya ƙwai a ƙasa, ƙwai da kansu zasu iya tsawan tsawan fari). Girman kifin da wuya ya wuce 6 cm, siffar jikin mutum tayi tsawo, tare da babba a bakin. Mace ba su da hankali, amma maza za su iya fahariya da launi mai haske tare da ƙoshin bakan gizo.
Abubuwa biyun da muka bayyana a sama suna da kyau don sanin fasahohin kiyayewa da kuma samar da ire-iren wadannan dabbobin a cikin ruwa.
Killy a cikin akwatin kifaye
Ana iya kiyaye nau'ikan sauƙaƙan a kusan kowane akwatin kifaye - "alamar aminci" na kisa ya isa. Amma idan kuna son samar da kifin tare da iyakar tazara, har ma fiye da haka idan kuna shirin samun zuriya, to ya kamata ku bi irin waɗannan shawarwarin:
- Ingantaccen girma na akwatin kifaye daga lita 20 ko fiye. Kwantena na Volumetric (daga 100 l) don adana kifin wannan dangin bai dace sosai ba: a cikin kisan, an ƙaddamar da fitinar intraspecific, ta yadda tare da tarin yawa daga cikinsu, ba za a iya kawar da rikice-rikice ba.
- Yana da kyau a sanya ƙasa da bango na akwatin kifaye kamar duhu. Don haka muna samun daidaiton musanyawa wanda maza zasuyi kama dana kyau. A cikin tanki mai amfani da ƙasa mai haske, zai iya yiwuwa kuma a iya ɗaukar kashe-kashe, amma a cikin waɗannan yanayin da ɗan 'rashin ƙarfi'.
- Don rage rikice-rikice da rage damuwa, tabbatar da ƙara wuri a cikin akwatin kifin. Tsire-tsire suna dacewa sosai - ko dai a baki ko tare da manyan ganye.
- Ruwa tsaka tsaki ne ko ɗan ƙaramin acidic, lallai ya zauna, tare da zazzabi na 20 zuwa 24. Don kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na wasu nau'in, yana da kyawawa don ƙara gishiri a cikin ruwa.
- Yana da matukar muhimmanci a tsara ciyarwar da kyau. Killi kusan basu damu da bushewar abinci ba, saboda haka zaku sayi abinci mai rai (ruwan jini, ƙaramar hutu, daphnia, coretra), ko daskararre. Lokacin ciyarwa ta hanyar "daskarewa", yana da mahimmanci a kunna kwampreso don saboda ana riƙe abincin a cikin tsayi a cikin ruwa - ba da son su ci kili daga ƙasa ba.
- Mafi kyawun tsarin ciyarwa sau 2 a rana, a cikin ƙaramin rabo (duk abin da yakamata a ci a cikin minti 10). A cikin shirye-shiryen don tsallakewa, ana ciyar da mace sau 3-4 a rana, kuma kifin da ba a yi niyyar tanƙwara ba za'a iya tura shi zuwa abinci na lokaci ɗaya.
A dabi'a, kisan zai rayu sama da shekara daya da rabi. Amma idan ka samar masu da mafi kyawun yanayi, to tsawon rayuwar kifin zai ninka zuwa shekaru 2-3.
Kashe kifi
A takaice bayyana kungiyar mawuyacin hali a bangarorin biyu:
- A farkon lamari, ƙaramin gari ya tashi (har zuwa lita 10) yana cike da riccia ko wasu ƙananan tsirrai-tsirrai. Za'a iya kwance saman ganyen peat, wanda aka shirya tun kafin rabin sa'a, a ƙasa. Mace ta yi tsiwa tare da maza biyu, bayan wannan ne aka sanya kwai a cikin makonni 2 a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 26. Idan an sanya caviar a cikin peat Layer, to, yana da kyau a narkar da ruwan, ya bar kusan 2-3 cm. Don haɓaka kyankyasai, zaku iya bushe peat, sannan ku cika shi da ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin taushi.
- A karo na biyu, maɓallin yalwa yana cike da ƙammar peat. Zuba karfi da ruwa mai ruwan acidic mai taushi a matakin kusan cm 15 Domin sati uku zuwa hudu, namiji daya da mace 2-3 yakamata su kasance a cikin matsewar. Bayan wannan, peat tare da caviar an tace, bushe da adana don akalla wata daya da rabi. Bayan wannan lokacin, qwai ana kwankwasiyya ta hanyar zuba peat a cikin sanyi (kimanin digiri 17) ruwa mai laushi sosai. Fry hatched daga qwai girma sosai da sauri, kuma bayan wata daya za su iya fara dafa don spawning.
Kamar yadda kake gani, sabanin abun da ya kasha, ba abu bane mai sauki ka haifan su. Amma wannan tsari yana da matukar ban sha'awa, kuma da yake kun sami zuriya sau ɗaya, har abada za ku ƙaunaci wannan ɗan ƙaramin kifin mai kyau.
Yada Shaidan
Abubuwan hawa na aljannu suna zaune ne a wuri guda a duniya, wanda ke a kwarin Mutuwa a Amurka. Devilananann Shagunan Ruwa na san Ruwa yana da zurfin mita 15.
Kifi na musamman ba ya zama tsakanin "layin ruwa" - alama ce ta mita 20 da saman ruwan.
Girman tabkin yana ƙanana kuma mai mita 5 × 3.5 × 3, ana kiyaye zafin ruwan cikin 32-38 ° C.
Iblis na Iblis yana isar a Kwarin Tashar National Park. Kwarin sun sami irin wannan mummunan suna ba kwatsam ba, saboda wannan wurin shine mafi zafi kuma mafi nutsuwa akan duniyar, zafin jiki a lokacin bazara ya kai digiri 50 Celsius.
Kifin katuwar kifi yana zaune ne kawai a cikin karamin tafkin kogon Iblis, wanda yake cikin kwarin Mutuwa.
Madadin haka, Harshen Iblis wani karamin kogo ne da aka kafa shekaru sama da dubu 500 da suka gabata, cike da ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ƙasa. Matsakaicin zurfin kogon shine mita 91,4. Kuna iya shiga cikin ramin Iblis daga saman duniya, wannan yanki 2 x 5 mita yana da shinge mai nisan mita 2 tare da waya mai shinge kuma an rataye shi da firikwensin motsi. Don haka masana kimiyya suna kare wani nau'in haɗari - shaidan karpozubik.
Murna ta kafinta
Kifayen abincin kifayen suna cinyewa duk shekara, amma yawanci sukanyi aiki tare, kamar kifayen da basa saka ƙwai da yardar rai daga danginsu.
Abubuwan Aljanu na Aljanu wata irin nau'in masifa ce da ke cikin hatsari.
Dalilai na raguwar adadin kifin shaidan
Abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar adadin karpozubik na diabolical sun dogara ne akan ayyukan tattalin arziki: mazauna karkara suna amfani da ruwan tafkin, don haka matakin ruwan yana raguwa koyaushe.
Akwai kuma zaton "nean kwayar halittar jini a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa," wanda ba ta da illa ga haifuwar kifin. Bayan aiwatar da hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke game da kiyaye mazaunin carp din, yanayin muhalli ya inganta kadan.
Kare iri
Istswararrun masana suna ɗaukar haƙar Caran Doki na Iblis ya zama mafi kifi a cikin duniya Wannan sanannen ya bayyana a sarari idan muka yi la’akari da gaskiyar cewa mutane 38 ne kawai suka rayu a cikin tafkin. Wannan shine matsanancin “ƙarancin halaka”, idan ba'a yi muni ba.
Matakan farko na hukuma don kare kifin masara ta musamman sun fara ne a cikin 1952, lokacin da Hutun Iblis ya zama wani ɓangare na Deathan Rashin mutuwa kuma ya zama wurin shakatawa na dabi'a. A shekarar 1967, an hada kifin a cikin jerin nau'in halittu masu ƙarewa. Kuma bayan shekaru 2, Majalisar Kula da Karewar Kifi ta kare a gaban kotu da 'yancin kasancewar kifin kifi, ganin cewa haramun ne ga manoma su yi amfani da ruwan karkashin kasa domin ban ruwa, wanda ke lalata mazaunin kifin.
Karpozubiki, ba a saka ƙwai ba, a yarda su ci shi tare da danginsu.
Tun daga shekarun 1970 na ƙarni na ƙarshe, ana ta yin aiki sau da yawa don ƙirƙirar alamun tsufa na Iblis na Iblis don sake saita haƙoran haƙoran mutum a cikinsu. Amma an lalata ragowar nau'in halitta mai saurin ci gaba.
Kuma a lokacin bazara na 2004, kifin dole ne ya tsira daga wani bala'in muhalli: lokacin ambaliyar, kayan aikin kimiyya sun fada cikin tafkin, wani ɓangare na yawan mutane sun mutu.
A cikin Nuwamba 2005, mutane 84 ne kawai aka samo, waɗanda sun riga sun kasance masu matsananciyar ƙarfi a wancan lokacin, amma masana basu fasa fatan sake dawo da lambobi ba.
An jera nau'in carpfish din cikin littafin Guinness Book of Records a matsayin nau'in kifaye masu hatsarin gaske.
USFWS a Amurka sun ware $ 4,500,000 don gina cibiyar kare kifayen Ash Meadows a Nevada a 2013 don dawo da kifin. A cikin kogon dutse, an kirkiro yanayin yanayi wanda karpozubik ke zaune, tare da zazzabi ruwa na 34 digiri Celsius, ƙaramin oxygen da yawa da ma'adanai a cikin ruwa.
Abubuwan lura da masanan halitta sun ba da rahoton cewa kifi a Ash Meadows ya fara sanya ƙwai a cikin bauta. Dukkanin yunƙurin da akayi na baya don samun offspringa ofan ’safishan Devilwa na mashigar shaidan a waje da theal Cave Hole bai yi nasara ba. Don haɓaka yawan nau'ikan kifayen masanan, masanan ilimin halitta daga Cibiyar Ash Meadows suna tattara ƙwai a faɗuwar rana, lokacin da adadin jama'a ya zama mafi girma. Iblis yana suturta ƙwai a duk shekara.Amma lokacin da aka fi dacewa don bayyanar soya shine makonni 10 kawai, saboda haka an tattara caviar akan filayen wucin gadi kuma a lokacin da rayuwar tsira da ƙananan yara ke zama mafi ƙanƙanta.
Sau 2 na Scuba sau 2 a shekara suna sauka zuwa ramin Iblis don ƙididdige kifi na musamman.
Stephen Basinger, malami a Jami'ar California, Jami'ar California, daya daga cikin mahalarta aikin don mayar da adadin kifayen da ba kasafai ba, ya bayar da hujjar cewa "Bukatar kare da kiyaye wannan nau'in kifayen da ba a sani ba a cikin Shahararrun Dankun Adam da ke sama sun fi na da.
Hanya guda, wannan kyakkyawan kifin ya sami nasarar tsira yayin da yake kankara, kuma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na hamada, da kuma dumamar yanayi a duniya, bayan shekaru dubu sittin. ”
Terry Boldino, wakilin filin shakatawa na Kwarin Kwarin, ya bayyana ra'ayinsa game da wannan batun, kare wata nau'in halittar da ba ta da yawa yana da fa'ida idan kifin da ya fi yawa ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin jama'a: "Amma idan mutane iri ɗaya suka zo nan, kalli jeji da fara ganin kifin, sai su ce: "Oh, ba abin yarda ba ne, akwai kifi a nan!".
Don haka aikin mu shine mu bayyana cewa waɗannan kifayen suna da tamani kuma suna da mahimmanci kamar beari mai kyan gani.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.