Tun daga ƙuruciya, Tetra von Rio yana da alaƙa da wani abu mai daraja - mai yiwuwa saboda ɓangaren Jamusawa "bango". Daga baya na gano cewa "bango"Da sunan rashin tsoro tetra, tetra von rio, yana nuna asalin asalin nau'in ne kawai - daga wuraren rafin Rio de Janeiro. Masana kimiyyar kifayen Jamusanci suna ɗaukar nau'in prosaic - rubella daga Rio.

Aka sani tun daga shekarun ishirin, wuta tetra (Hyphessobrycon flammeus), tare da jinƙai da ƙaya, sun ɗauki matsayinsa a cikin aquariums na masu son characinides a duniya. Kifin yana da kyau saboda launi mai haske (a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau) kuma, ƙari, abu ne mai ban sha'awa don kiwo da kiwo.

Photo tetra von rio

An san mashigan igiyar ruwa. tetra tare da nau'in kusanci - N. griemi, N. bifasciatus. A cikin tsarin halittar farko, ana lura da tasirin cutar heterosis (zuriya sunfi iyaye girma, mahimmanci, launi, da sauransu). Dangane da wadannan giciye, sanannen masanin ilimin halittar gida kuma masanin binciken ruwa na Fedor Mikhailovich Polkanov ya kammala da cewa zabin mai yiwuwa ne a cikin "kowane rukuni na kifin kifaye."

Na lura cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masoya da yawa sun yi nasarar yin amfani da su a kan wasu nau'ikan maganganu, kamar tetra von rio, tho thoia, blue neon, da dai sauransu, hanya ce ta tasirin hormonal akan canza launi, anyi gwaji sosai akan cyprinids.

An gabatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da abinci ko narkar da shi a cikin ruwa na akwatin kifaye. Sakamakon haka, a wasu lokuta, launin kifin ya zama mai zurfi kuma har ma da matasa sun sami kayan marmari na masu samarwa. Amma tare da fa'idodi, hanyar ma tana da nasa hasara: a cikin “masu canza launi”, mace-mace na ƙaruwa kuma mahimmancin yana raguwa. A lokaci guda, bayan samun tetras na wuta "masu launin", na lura cewa tasirin hormonal bai shafi aikin jima'i ba, ayyukan masu samarwa, da ingancin zuriya.

Bidiyo - tetra von rio

Koyaya, na yi imani cewa bai kamata a bullo da wannan hanyar a cikin tsarin akwatin kifaye akan mai yawa ba: muna da alhaki don adana nau'ikan kifayen a cikin gidajenmu.

Tetra na wuta yana da kyau kuma ba tare da ƙarin 'tining' ba, kawai kuna buƙatar zaɓar yanayin da ya dace don kiyayewa da hasken su.

Tetra von rio yana da kyau a cikin akwatunan ruwa masu tsayi (har zuwa santimita 60), inda ganyayyakin cirrus, bangon gida, gansakken ruwa, ƙanana da ƙanana masu ƙarami mai tsabta, echinodorus, Rotalla bushes da ludwig suna girma. Tabbatar barin wuraren bude wuraren kamun kifi a cikin ruwa ruwa da kusa da gilashin gaba. A cikin hasken da aka haɗa tare da hasken wuta (incandescent fitilu na 25-40 watts da Fitilarescent na nau'in LBU-20), makarantar kifin kifi (20-40 guda) suna kama da launin ruwan hoda mai motsawa. Yana da kyawawa maza maza su fi rinjaye a rukunin - sun fi haske fiye da mace.

Photo tetra von rio

Daga lokacin da ya kai watanni hudu, mahaifa na ciki ya fara aiki sosai, a cikin manya yana da launin shuɗi. Maza suna da lebur, jiki mai laushi. Tsawon mace shine santimita 4.5, maza - 3.5.

Babban launi na kifin a gaban jikin shi shine silvery, yellowish. Bayan murfin gill, daga tsakiyar baya zuwa tsakiyar ciki, akwai madaukai masu launin shudi mai laushi na tsaye guda biyu; daga tsiri na ƙarshe zuwa tushen wutsiya, launin kifin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda mai haske.

Rsayan dorsal da caudal ƙyali - ruwan hoda, m, ɗumbu mai kima - mai launin shuɗi ko mara launi. Ventyallar ventral da na kusa suna da jan jan ciki. A cikin maza, jan launi akan ƙusoshin ya zama bulo. Kuskokin ƙusoshin an yi wa ado da duhun matsatsi mai duhu wanda ke jujjuya launin fata yayin juji.

Tetra von rio abun ciki

Tetra von rio dauke da aquariums a yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu ba ƙasa da 16 ° С, a lokacin rani - 20-22 ° С. Jimlar ƙarfin ruwa ya kai 12 °, pH 6-7. Sauyawa sau da yawa na ruwan akwatin kifayen yana cutar da yanayin kifin sosai. Yana da kyau a maye gurbin kashi 10-15 na ruwa tare da ruwan da aka dafa sau ɗaya a mako. Babban adadin sharan kwayoyin halitta mai lalatarwa shima yana lalata tetras wuta: sun zama basu da nutsuwa, rasa abincinsu, kokarin tsallakewa daga cikin akwatin kifaye.

Photo tetra von rio

Kifi suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna iya zama a kusa da haracin matsakaitan matsakaici, kifi, cyprinids, wasu cichlids na Kudancin Amurka, da dai sauransu.

Yadda ake lalata tetra von rio

Tetra von rio an bred a cikin hanyoyi da yawa. Babban aikin shine shirya ruwa mai kyau, wanda yakamata a kula dashi tsawon kwana 7-10 kafin tsabtacewa. Ina yi kamar wannan. Na Mix 5 lita na Boiled ruwa da 5 lita na distilled kuma ƙara 20 saukad da na peat broth ko cirewa. Madadin peat, zaku iya sa tsaba 3 na alder ko ƙara dropsasa 2-3 na phosphoric acid (an ƙara hydrochloric acid kafin). Don tsinkaye tetra von rio da ƙyanƙyashe larvae, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwa tare da taurin kusan 4-4.5 ° da pH na 6.0-6.5.

An shigar da masu dakon kaya a cikin wani wuri da rana suka kunna ko hasken fitila mai lalata tare da karfin 25 watts daga nesa na 20-30 santimita. Dole ne a kiyaye zafin jiki a 25-25 ° C. Lokacin da spawning cikin nau'i-nau'i, ana zubar da spain a cikin girman 15x25x15 santimita tare da wani yanki na 12-14 santimita. A cikin farawar tsintsiya (mace ɗaya da biyu), girman sikirin shine 25x25x25 santimita, ruwan ruwan shine santimita 20. A cikin filayen da ya fi girma girma tare da ruwa ruwa na 18-20 santimita, rukunin ƙungiya mai yiwuwa ne, amma yawancin masu samarwa suna cin caviar.

Bayan kwanaki 5-7 kafin a fara jinsi, maza sun rabu da mace, suna toshe akwatin kifayen tare da grid na daban. Ya kamata a ciyar da kifaye tare da abinci mai ɗorewa kuma a hankali ɗaga zafin jiki na ruwa.

Abincin tsami shine ɗan sojan kapron ko ƙananan tsire-tsire, a cikin lokacin farin ciki wanda tsawon sa'o'i 6-12 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙwayar, mace tayi sama da ƙanana 600 masu ƙoshin ƙwaya. Don kare qwai, ana amfani da babban raga wanda aka raba, kayan haɗin wankin roba ko zane mai laushi na nylon.

Photo tetra von rio

A ƙarshen spawning, ana shuka masu samar da tetra von rio, sun haɗa da rauni mai ƙarfi, rage matakin ruwa zuwa santimita 10, ƙara dropsan saukad da ruwan hoda na methylene. Kusan kashi 80 na ruwa ana iya maye gurbinsu da ruwan da aka dafa.

A zazzabi na 26 ° C, a cikin rana, larvae fara ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai. Su ko dai sun ɓoye, ko motsawa tare da mafaka - shuka mai tushe, zaren wanki, da sauransu. Tuni a rana ta 4-5th, larvae fara ciyar. Tare da rashin abinci, suna mutuwa ko sun ci gaba da cin naman mutane. Fara ciyarwa shine nauplii na cyclops, ƙura mai rai, rotifers, ciliates, ƙwayar gwaiduwa kwai. Bayan mako guda, zaku iya ƙarawa zuwa abincin abinci na nematodes (amma cikin ƙaramin abu kaɗan), nauplii na brine shrimp, cyclops da kuma ciyawar bushe mai ƙura. Feedingarin ciyar da sauki.

Yayin da soya ke girma, ya kamata a canja su zuwa manyan kwantena tare da tacewa da aeration. Tilas a raba ƙananan yara. Ragowar ciyarwa da datti daga aquariums na soya dole ne a cire kullun, yana maye gurbin kusan kashi 5 na ruwa a rana. Tun daga wata ɗaya, ana ba da kifin asalin tsiron: gurasa, hatsi, gaurayawar abinci, richchia, wolfia. Saboda wuta tetra mai saukin kamuwa da gulma, yana da buqatar iyakance ciyar da su oatmeal kumbura cikin ruwa, farin burodi, da dai sauransu Tare da ciyarwar da ta dace da kulawar da ta dace, mata sun balaga tun yana dan watanni 6-8, maza - zuwa 8-12. Tsammani na rayuwa shine shekaru 4-5.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

Myers ya bayyana Tetra von rio (Hyphessobrycon Flameus) a cikin 1924. Tana zaune a Kudancin Amurka, a cikin koguna na gabashin Brazil da Rio De Janeiro.

Zaɓi fuloji, kogunan ruwa da kogunan ruwa mai santsi. Ana ajiye su a cikin garken kuma suna ciyar da kwari, duka daga saman ruwa da ƙarƙashin shi.

Bayanin

Tetra von rio a cikin yanayin jikin mutum bai bambanta da sauran tetras ba. Daidaitaccen maɗaukakiya, a ƙarshen matsa tare da ƙananan ƙusoshin ƙashi.

Suna girma ƙanana - har zuwa 4 cm, kuma zasu iya rayuwa kusan shekaru 3-4.

Gaban jiki yana da azurfa, amma baya yana da haske ja, musamman ma a hanunsa.

Akwai rabe rabe biyu da zasu fara kai tsaye bayan murfin murfin. Idanu tare da yara masu yawan haske.

Ciyar da abinci

Omnivores, tetras suna cin kowane irin rayuwa, mai sanyi ko abinci mai wucin gadi. Yana yiwuwa a ciyar da su da hatsi mai inganci, kuma a ba da magudanar jini da artemia lokaci-lokaci, don cikakken abinci.

Lura cewa suna da karamin bakin kuma kuna buƙatar zaɓar ƙaramin abincin.

Tetra von rio, ƙaddarar kifin kifaye marasa ma'ana. Suna buƙatar kiyaye su a cikin garken mutum 7, a cikin akwati na 50 lita. Da yawan kifayen, ya fi yawa ya zama.

Sun fi son ruwan sha mai laushi da dan kadan, kamar tetras. Amma a cikin aiwatar da kiwo na kasuwanci, sun dace sosai ga sigogi daban-daban, gami da ruwa mai wuya.

Yana da mahimmanci ruwan da ke cikin akwatin kifin yana da tsabta kuma sabo ne, don wannan akwai buƙatar sauyawa koyaushe tare da saka matatar.

Mafi kyawun duka, kifin yana kallon asalin ƙasa mai duhu da tsire-tsire masu yawa.

Ba ta son haske mai haske, kuma ya fi kyau inuwa da akwatin kifaye tare da tsire-tsire masu iyo. Amma ga tsire-tsire a cikin akwatin kifaye, yakamata a sami yawancin su, saboda kifin yana da dimauta kuma yana son ɓoyewa a lokacin tsoro.

Yana da kyau a kula da irin waɗannan sigogin ruwa: zazzabi 24-28 ° С, ph: 5.0-7.5, 6-15 dGH.

Yarbuwa

Wadannan kifayen suna ƙaunar kasancewa a tsakiyar yadudduka na ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Suna yawo kuma suna buƙatar kiyaye su cikin garken mutum 7. Mafi girma cikin shirya, mafi kyawun launuka kuma mafi kyawun halayyar.

Idan ka kiyaye tetra von rio a cikin nau'i-nau'i, ko kuma kaɗaici, to, da sauri yana rasa launinta kuma gaba ɗaya ba ya ganuwa.

Ya kasance tare da kifaye iri ɗaya, alal misali baƙar fata Neon, Cardinal, da Kongo.

Kiwo

Kiwo tetra von rio mai sauki ne. Zasu iya yin kiwo a cikin ƙananan garken, don haka babu buƙatar zaɓi takamaiman ma'aurata.

Ruwa mai tsalle ya zama mai taushi da acidic (pH 5.5 - 6.0). Don haɓaka damar hako mai nasara, maza da mata suna zaune a cikin abinci tare da wadatar abinci tsawon makonni.

Yana da kyawawa don ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki - tubule, jini, artemia.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa akwai faɗakarwa a cikin maharbi, zaku iya rufe gilashin gaba tare da takarda.

Haɗawa yana farawa tun da sassafe, kifayen da ke kan ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle waɗanda aka sanya a baya a cikin akwatin kifaye, alal misali, ƙanshin Javanese.

Bayan tsallakewa, suna buƙatar daure su, kamar yadda iyaye za su iya cin caviar. Kada ka bude akwatin kifaye; caviar yana da mahimmanci ga haske kuma yana iya mutuwa.

Bayan awanni 24-36, tsutsa tsintsiya, bayan wasu kwanaki 4, tsutsa. An ciyar da soya tare da infusoria da microworm, yayin da suke girma, an canza su zuwa nauplii na artemia.

Tetra von rio - Ba’amurke mai suna Jamusawa

Tetra von rio (lat.Hyphessobrycon ƙanƙan wuta) ko tetra mai zafi, yana haskakawa tare da karin furanni lokacin da take lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wannan tetra mafi yawanci azhar ne a gaba kuma mai haske ja kusa da wutsiya.

Amma idan wani abu ya tsoratar da Tetra von rio, sai ta zama mara kunya. Saboda wannan ne ba sa saya sau da yawa, saboda a cikin akwatin kifin nuni yana da wahala mata ta haskaka da kyawunta.

Ya kamata masu ilimin bakin ruwa su sani yadda kifin zai iya zama, sannan bazai wuce ta ba.

Haka kuma, ban da kyawawan launinta, tetra von rio shima abune mai matukar ma'ana a cikin abun ciki. Har ma ana iya ba da shawara ga masu farawa aquarists.

Kuma abu ne mai sauqi ka kiwo, domin wannan ba kwa bukatar kwarewa sosai. Da kyau, shin kun sami saukin sha'awar wannan kifin?

Domin tetra von rio ya bayyana cikakkiyar launi, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi masu dacewa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Suna zaune a cikin garken, daga mutane 7, waɗanda aka fi dacewa da su tare da sauran ƙananan kifaye da kifayen.

Idan wadannan tetras suna zaune a cikin gidan kwanciyar hankali, mai nutsuwa, zasuyi aiki sosai. Da zarar acclimatization ya wuce, sun daina zama mai jin ƙai kuma mai binciken ruwa zai sami damar kyakkyawar makarantar kifaye tare da yanayin rayuwa.

Tetra Von Rio (jan tabarau)

Tetra Von Rio (Hyphessobrycon flammeus), shi ma jan ja, wutar wuta, mai ƙonewa mai murɗa wuta, tarkon wuta - ƙaramin garken kifin kifaye. Wannan tetra ta sami launi mai launin ja mai ban sha'awa lokacin da ya dace da kwanciyar hankali a cikin akwatin kifaye. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan tetra azurfa ne a gaban kuma ja mai wuta a baya, kuma musamman jan mai haske yana bayyana a gindin haƙarƙarin.

Idan Von Rio tetra yana fuskantar matsananciyar damuwa, to ya zama mai dusar ƙanƙanuwa, launinsa kuma ya zama ruwan dare. Sabili da haka, a cikin kantin sayar da dabbobi ta yawanci ba ta da ikon nuna launinta ga cikakke, saboda a can ana fuskantar matsanancin tasirin tasirin waje: canjin shimfidar wuri, girgiza iri-iri kuma, mai yiwuwa, kusanci ga maƙwabta masu tayar da hankali. Idan ka kalli tetra Von Rio a cikin shago, to zai iya zama kamar kifi mai sauƙi a gare ku, wanda wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar ƙaramar wannan nau'in. Koyaya, dole ne ku san wannan fasalin don godiya da kyau daga baya.

Asali

Myers ya bayyana Tetra von Rio ko ja tetra (Hyphessobrycon Flameus) wanda Myers ya bayyana a cikin 1924. A yanayi, yana zaune a Kudancin Amurka, a cikin koguna na gabashin Brazil da kuma a kewayen Rio de Janeiro. Wadannan tetras sun fi son jigilar rafuffukan koguna, koguna da ruwa, suna ciyar da tsutsotsi, ƙananan crustaceans da kayan shuka. Rayuwa cikin kungiyoyi.

Ciyarwa da ciyarwa

Tabar tetras tana da mutuƙar iko, suna cin kowane irin rayuwa, sabo da busasshen abinci don kifin kifaye. Don kula da daidaituwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuma kifayen suna da ƙoshin lafiya, yana da kyau a ciyar da su busasshen abinci don kifin kifin kifaye masu inganci a cikin nau'in flakes, ƙara abinci da abinci mai daskarewa irin su brine shrimp, goge jini da sauran tsutsotsi. Ana ciyar da tetra sau da yawa a rana tare da irin wannan rabo na abincin don a ci su a cikin minti 3 ko ƙasa da hakan.

Kiwo

Von Rio tetras ko ja tetras suna lalata kifin kifaye, suna girma da sauri kuma sun isa ga balaga har ya kai watanni 6. Abinda akafi samu nasara shine yakasance cikin makarantu cikin yarda da yawan maza 6-12 da mata 6. Don motsa jiki, ana ciyar da kifi abinci na tsawon kwanaki. Zai fi kyau a keɓe tanki na kiwo daban don a sami ƙarin soya. Ya kamata a sanya tsire-tsire masu rai, kamar gansandan Javanese a cikin akwatin kifaye - mace za ta sa ƙwai akan tsire-tsire, suna yin al'ada ta "tipping". Ruwa ya zama mai laushi da acidic, tare da pH na 5.5 - 6.5 da zazzabi na 26-28 digiri Celsius. Kuna iya shigar da tace soso.

A wani lokaci, mace tana sanya ƙwai dozin guda biyu, wanda namiji yayi takin. Bayan sun yi rashin nasara, an cire iyayen. Laryancin larvae bayan sa'o'i 24 zuwa 36, ​​maɗaɗan zai fara iyo bayan kwanaki 3 zuwa 4. Ana ciyar da kwanakin farko na soya tare da infusoria ko abinci mai ruwa, alal misali, ƙwai gwaidacin kwai. An ciyar da soya mai girma tare da Artemia nauplia. Soya a farkon matakan suna da matukar damuwa ga haske, don haka damar yana buƙatar girgiza shi.

Tetra von rio (Hyphessobrycon ƙamus)

Tetra von Rio (Hyphessobrycon harshen wuta) Myers (Myers), 1924

Wuta Tetra / Flaming Tetra shine nau'in kifin ruwan kifin na wurare masu zafi.

Nasarar wannan kifin akwatin kifayen yana da alaƙa da sauƙin da ya dace da yanayi daban-daban na tsarewa da kuma juriya ga cutar. Sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar ga masu farawa aquarists.

Tun da bayyanar sa ta farko, nau'in ya kasance a cikin jerin ruwayoyin a duniya kuma yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka saba dasu a kasuwancin akwatin kifaye. A halin yanzu, yawancin suna girma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Abin baƙin ciki, H. fllammeus ana fuskantar barazanar rushewa yayin da mazaunin Wuta na Tetra na keɓaɓɓe.

Hyphessobrycon: daga tsohuwar hyphesson, wanda ke nufin "ƙaramin girman", a wannan yanayin ana amfani dashi azaman prefix da sunan gabaɗaya Brycon.

Flammeus: daga Latin, wanda ke nufin "launin wuta (launin ja-rawaya ko lemo)", dangane da wannan nau'in, "galibi launin ja."

Iyali: Characidae (Characidae).

Da farko, a cikin 1920, an gano waɗannan kifayen a matsayin Yellow Tetra (Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus), amma a cikin 1924 masaniyar masaniyar kimiyyar Amurka George Myers ya tabbatar da cewa sun zama wata ƙabilar da ba a san ilimin kimiyya ba sannan kuma ta bayyana su a matsayin Hyphessobrycon flameus. An kula da samfuran da aka yi amfani da su don bayanin farko da zinc. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, Myers ya samo wannan nau'in yayin da suke kan balaguro kuma ya gano cewa an samo shi ne kawai a kusa da Rio de Janeiro.

Habitat da mazauninsu

Kudancin Amurka, Brazil.

Yankin yana da iyakance ga kasashe makwabta na Rio de Janeiro da São Paulo a kudu maso gabashin Brazil, kodayake ba a tantance yadda za'a rarraba shi na yanzu ba.

A Rio de Janeiro, ana samun su ne kawai a yankunan bakin teku, gami da koguna da koguna waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Guanabara, Rio Paraibu do Sul da Rio Guandu. A cikin São Paulo, babban kogin Tietá yana gudana zuwa babban kwari na Rio Parana, yawancinta yana kan gabas da yamma daga birnin São Paulo, tsakanin biranen Susanu da Salopolis, a gundumar Sochiériceri da Serra bi da bi.

Theudun Tuddan Tiete da Paraiba do Sul na jihar São Paulo suna kusa da juna, kuma wataƙila sun taɓa kasancewa ɗaya daga Dutsen Serra do Mar. Duk da cewa suna da nau'ikan kifaye da yawa gama gari, H. fluammeus baya faruwa a saman sashin Paraíba do Sul, wanda ke nufin cewa akwai tazara tsakanin ɗaruruwan kilomita ɗari tsakanin jama'ar Rio de Janeiro da São Paulo.

Carvalho et al. (2014) sun ba da shawarar cewa hakika an gabatar da nau'in (da gangan ko kuma a cikin haɗari) a cikin yankin na São Paulo ta hanyar masu ruwa da ruwa ko kuma na shayarwa, tun da ba a yi rijista a wannan yanki ba har zuwa 1977, birnin shine cibiyar kasuwancin kayan ado, kuma a fili iyakance ga mahalli na lalata ƙazamin yanki a cikin birni, ba shi da sauran wuraren da ba a taɓa jin su ba. Don cire wannan rudani, ana buƙatar nazarin kwayoyin.

Kogunan da wannan kifayen ke rayuwa suna gudana ta ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da ke da cunkoson jama'a da ci gaban masana'antu a Brazil kuma ana cutar da su ta hanyar ayyukan madatsar ruwa, magudanar ruwa, gurɓataccen yanayi, nau'in baƙi (gami da ruwa sama da 40 na ruwa a cikin Rio Paraiba do Sul) da sauransu siffofin lalata halittar mutumtaka. Sabon shaidun kimiyya da suka fito daga yankin da ke kusa da Rio de Janeiro sun samo asali ne daga 1992, domin tun daga wannan lokacin ba a sake yin rikodin wannan nau'in a wannan yanki, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa ya riga ya ƙare ba. Sakamakon haka, tun 2004, aka saka H. Flameus a cikin Jerin Rukunin Kasuwancin Kifi na Brazil.

Habitat

Ya fi son ƙarami da mara zurfi (ƙasa da 50 cm zurfi) haraji mai saukar ungulu da rafuffuka sun cika ciyawar ciyayi, kodayake an kama su a wurare masu nisa a Tudun Rio Tiete. Mahalli, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ƙunshi bayyananne, ruwa mai haske ko ruwan shuɗi da sumul yashi.

Sauran mazaunan wadannan wurare, kodayake ba lallai ba ne suna da nau'in kifi a wannan yanki: Rawaya Tetra (Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus), H. luetkeni, Astyanax parahybae, Brycon insignis, Corydoras nattereri, Pogonopoma parahybae, Hypostomus auroguttatus, Steindocerius phylla Geophagus brasiliensis).

Halayya da Yarbuwa

Waɗannan kifayen salama ne, wanda ke sa su zama mazaunan kwarai don kyakkyawan zaɓaɓɓen yankin akwatin kifaye.

Zai fi kyau a haɗe tare da haracin kifi iri ɗaya, mai riƙewa, lebiasin, ƙaramar kifayen kifin kifaye da ƙarancin kifi na tsaka-tsaki.

Akwatin kifaye

Akwatin kifayen tare da ginin tushe na 60 * 30 cm ko daidai ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta.

Zabi na kayan ado ba shi da mahimmanci musamman, kodayake suna nuna launi mafi kyawu yayin da aka sa shi cikin akwati mai cike da kayan sawa tare da tsirrai masu rai da baƙin duhu.

Yin ado na dabi'a na dabi'a na iya kunshi substrate na yashi mai laushi tare da busasshen itace, tushen da rassa, an shirya su ta irin yadda ake kafa wurare masu yawa.

Ofarin ganye mai bushe ya ƙara jaddada yanayin nau'in halittun halittar, kuma tare da shi keɓar da amfani ga masarautattun ƙwayoyin cuta yayin da suke lalata. Zasu iya samar da abinci mai mahimmanci na sakandare na abinci don soya, yayin da tannins da sauran abubuwa da aka samo a ganyayyaki na iya taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin yanayi. Za'a iya barin ganyayen a cikin akwatin kifaye har sai sun lalace gaba ɗaya ko cire su kuma an maye gurbinsu kowane everyan makonni.

Wannan nau'in ya fi dacewa don kulawa a cikin ɗan ƙaramin haske, tsire-tsire iyo iyo ruwa ma za su yi godiya.

Tsarin ruwa

Zazzabi: 22-28 ° C,
pH: 5.5-7.5,
Wuya: 5 - 25 ° / 3 - 15 ° DH.

Kamar yawancin kifayen da suke rayuwa cikin yanayi a cikin yanayin da ba a taɓa shi ba, yanayin pristine, suna da haƙƙin tara tarin abubuwa masu tsabta kuma suna buƙatar tsaftataccen ruwa, wanda ke nufin cewa ya kamata a yi la'akari da sauye-sauyen ruwa na mako-mako na yau da kullun, kuma bai kamata a taɓa dasa su ba a cikin teburin ilimin halitta.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Omnivores da ke ciyar da ƙaramin juji, ɓoyayyen fata, algae filamentous, ƙarancin abubuwan halitta da makamantansu.

A cikin akwatin kifin, kuma yana iya rayuwa akan abincin busasshen abinci, amma, kamar yawancin kifin akwatin kifaye, yana da kyau ku bayar da menu dabam dabam, wanda yakamata ya kasance rayayyun jini da daskararre, tubule, daphnia, moina, da dai sauransu.

Ya kamata a ciyar da shi sau da yawa a rana, a cikin ƙananan rabo.

Bayanan kula

Wannan nau'in sanannen kifin kifaye ne kuma ana tallata shi da kasuwanci a ƙasashe da yawa, don haka ba a kama kifayen daji ba. Kiwo, kayan ado, gami da Orange, Zinariya, Lu'u-lu'u da Albino.

Bayan sake rubuta nau'in daga Carvalho et al. (2014), H. Flameus za a iya bambanta shi daga dukkanin masu halarta ta hanyar haɗuwa da haruffan masu zuwa: launi mai haske mai haske, kasancewar biyu a tsaye mai zurfi, daidai gwargwado an bayyana wurare a cikin ɗayan kafada, rashi tabo a kan caudal kara, caudal fin colorless, rashin duhu madaidaiciya ratsi a jiki, 5-8 maxillary hakora.

An kuma sanya shi a cikin wata kungiya mai nau'in halitta, wacce ke nuna kasancewar bangarori biyu masu kafaɗunsu a tsaye bisa ga Geri (1977). Wannan al'umma ta hada da Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae, H. bifasciatus, H. savagei, H. griemi da H. balbus, daga abin da H. Flameus ya bambanta da kasancewar hakoran 5-8, da layuka 5 na ma'auni sama da layin karshen, da kuma sanannen yanki na bayan fage.

An gano Hifessobricons a matsayin mai zurfafawa na Hemigrammus, Marion Lee Durbin da Aigenman (1908), wanda ya bambanta da na ƙarshe ta hanyar rashin sikeli a kan wasan caudal.

An sake yin hada-hadar ta Eigenman (1918, 1921), yayin da Geri (1977) ya kirkiro nau'ikan jinsunan wucin gadi bisa tsarin launi, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da wadannan ma'anoni a yau, misali, rukunin H. agulha, rukunin H. heterohabdus, da sauransu. Duk da haka, ba za'a iya ɗaukar su azaman halli ba (asalinsu daga magabata ɗaya), kuma ana ta inganta wannan ra'ayin.

TETRA VON RIO (Hyphessobrycon harshen wuta)

An gabatar da wannan kifin zuwa Turai a cikin 1920. Kifayen suna da kwanciyar hankali, zaman jama'a, kwanciyar hankali da nutsuwa. An ba da shawarar a adana su a cikin kananan garken kifayen 6 - 8 tare da kifin ƙauna na girmansa.

Tetra von Rio ya kai girman 4cm a tsayi kuma yana da jiki mai gaugawa a gefe. Launin ƙyallen ƙashi da jikin sa jini ja ne, kuma ƙusar ƙashi da ventral suna da iyaka baki. Musamman sabanin launi ya zama lokacin da akwatin kifin ya girgiza kuma yana da duhu ƙasa. Akwai duhu biyu a gaban jikin. Mata suna da cikakkiyar ciki da launuka masu launi, coma ba su da fararen hular na ƙwanƙwashe. Mafi yawan lokaci kifin suna ciyarwa a tsakiyar ruwa. Ya kamata a sani cewa launin kifin ya dogara da muhalli - a ɗan ƙaramar fargaba, launi na kifin ya canza kuma launinsu yana ɗaukar launi mai narkewa.

Don kula da garken kifayen 6-8, ana buƙatar ƙaramin sikari mai matsakaici tare da ƙarawa kimanin lita 40. Sigogin ruwa dole ne ya biya waɗannan buƙatu: zazzabi ruwan ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 20-26 ° C., Koyaya, yakamata a lura cewa kifayen sun saba da yanayin zafi ko da ƙasa da 20 ° C. Ruwan kifin ya zama dH 4-8 ° mai taushi kuma ɗan ƙaramin acid pH 6.0-7.0. Don kula da yawan acidity a cikin akwatin kifin, yana da kyau a sanya yanka na peat a cikin tsabtace mai tsabta.

A matsayin ƙasa, yana da kyawawa don amfani da tsakuwa mai launi mai duhu. Ya kamata a dasa akwatin kifaye da yawa kuma a sami wuraren wuraren iyo. Kifi ba ya son haske mai haske, saboda haka dole ne a warwatsa shi.

Suna ciyar da abinci iri iri. An fi son abinci mai rai. A lokacin rani, zaku iya ciyar da aphids, wanda kifi da yardar rai ci.

Irin wannan nau'in kifin yana da sauƙi a cikin asali kuma a asali ma baya gabatar da matsaloli.

Kafin tsallakewa, masu kera suna zaune su ciyar da su har sati guda. A matsayin abin fashewa a cikin ruwa, zabi akwatin kifaye tare da ƙarancin lita 4-10, a ƙasa wanda aka sa maƙillan raba wuta.

Ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin yakamata ya biya waɗannan buƙatun: zazzabi 24 ° C, dH 10 °, pH 6.5, (ruwan famfo mai tsafta).

Ana sanya gansakken ɓoyayyen ɓarawon Javanese a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda zai zama matsayin madadin spawning, kuma a maraice masu kera an sanya su a cikin rabo na 2-3 ga maza 1 kowace mace. Kifi yana farawa da safe washegari. Femaleaya daga cikin mata sun ɓaci kamar ƙwai 400. Caviar ƙanana ne mai ƙima da ƙarfi, yana manne da gansakuka, ƙyallen rabuwa, amma yawancin yana wucewa ta cikin ƙwayoyin raga kuma ya nitse zuwa ƙasan. Nan da nan bayan spawning, growers suna shuka, da kuma spawning akwatin kifaye an shage.

Larvae ƙyanƙyashe a cikin yini. Nan da nan bayan wannan, ya zama dole don cire raga mai ƙusoshin daga akwatin kifin ta hanyar murƙushe shi da farko larvae ɗin da ya rage a farfajiya.

Bayan wannan, an cire ƙwaƙwallan a hankali kuma a hankali ya bugo saman ruwa domin duk larvae ya fada cikin akwatin kifaye.

Bayan kamar kwana uku, soya fara iyo da kuma cin abinci na rayayye. A wannan lokacin, ana ciyar dasu da kyawawan abincin foda don soya (artemia ko ƙananan cyclops). Yana da Dole a saka idanu aeration na ruwa, as soya suna da matukar bukatar a jikin oxygen a ciki. Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, ana tura soya cikin babban akwatin kifaye.

Tetra von Rio - kifi mai wuya, da wuya su yi rashin lafiya. Balaga a cikin kifi yana faruwa a lokacin yana shekara ɗaya.

Janar bayanin

Tetra von rio yana da nau'ikan siffa huɗu na jikin tetra, na gidan haracin ne. Wadannan kifin akwatin kifaye, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun kai tsawon 4 cm kuma suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 3-5.

Gaban jikin wannan kifin yana da silki, yana zama ja ja a baya kuma musamman a gindin ƙonewar. A bayan gwanayen, raunin baƙar fata guda biyu yana daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, kuma akwai ringin shuɗi kewaye da idanu. Maza suna da fin fin tsinke jini, a cikin mace tana da wuta, wani lokacin rawaya. Matan kawai suna da baki na allon ƙirar pectoral.

Tetra von rio kifi ne mai matukar wuya, saboda haka yana da girma a matsayin kifin kifayen farko na masu neman masu fara ruwa. Koyaya, duk da tsananin ƙarfin wannan nau'in, dole ne a tsabtace ruwan da ke cikin akwatin kifaye, tun da jan tetra suna iya kamuwa da cutar ichthyophthyroidism da sauran cututtuka. Hakanan, wannan kifin ya dace wa masu farawa waɗanda suke so su shiga cikin kiwo na kifayen da suke ƙarewa.

Tetra von rio ba a rage shi ga yanayin a cikin akwatin kifaye ba. Zai yi sauƙi ga masu farawa su jimre da abubuwan da suke ciki. Ba a samar da ruwa mai tsabta a cikin gidan kifi. Suna son m da peaty ruwa tare da rauni halin yanzu a yanayi.

A cikin akwatin kifaye, an ba su shawarar canza aƙalla na biyar na ruwa, ko ma rabin, sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu. Suna son yin iyo ruwa a tsakiya da kuma manya na layin ruwa, saboda haka ya zama dole wadannan bangarorin su sami damar iyo daga tsirin tsirrai. Wadannan kifayen suna samun launi mai haske a cikin ruwayoyin ruwa, inda ƙasa tayi duhu da haske.

Kuna buƙatar sanin cewa lokacin da aka matsa, waɗannan kifayen kifayen suna jin kunya kuma suna rasa haske. Kuma yanayin damuwa a kansu yanayi ne mara kyau. An bada shawara don bin irin waɗannan sigogin ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye inda tetra von rio ke zaune: zazzabi - 23-28 digiri Celsius, acidity - har zuwa 7 (pH), taurin - har zuwa digiri 15.

Amma ga girman akwatin kifaye, yakamata ya zama akalla lita 40 na ruwa. Wannan girman zai dace da adana makarantar kifi daga guda 6, tunda wannan nau'in kifi ne na makaranta.

Tetra von rio suna ko'ina. Daban-daban nau'ikan rayuwa da bushe abinci sun dace da su. An ba da shawarar ciyar da irin wannan kifin tare da irin wannan adadin abincin da za a ci a cikin minti 3.

Halin wannan nau'in mazaunan akwatin kifaye yana da lumana. Za a iya haɗe su tare da kifi iri ɗaya mai kwantar da hankali. Misali, zebrafish da faski, kifin kifi da sauran nau'ikan tetras. Tetra von rio kifi ne mai kwanciyar hankali wanda ba ya haifar da matsala ga maƙwabta ko tsire-tsire.

Tsarin akwatin kifaye

Imumarancin ƙananan akwatin kifaye: tsawon 60 cm, faɗi da tsayi ba kasa da 30 cm.

Idan zamuyi magana game da tsari na akwatin kifaye, to kifayen suna da ƙwarewa a kowane yanayi, amma an lura cewa ana nuna mafi kyawun launi lokacin da aka kiyaye shi cikin akwatin kifin da aka yi wa ado da kyau. An bada shawara don amfani da daskararren itace da tsirrai a cikin akwatin kifaye, wutar kada ta kasance mai haske, ko warwatse. A ƙasa ne mafi kyau zaba yashi, a lokacin da shirya wani akwatin kifaye yana da kyawawa don ƙirƙirar babban adadin da yawa shinge mafaka.

Gudun ruwa baya buƙatar ƙirƙirar motsi mai ƙarfi na ruwa, kodayake matsakaici ko raunin ruwa yana da kyawawa. Don tetra von rio, yana da kyau a zaɓi tsire-tsire masu iyo a ƙasa.

Ingancin ruwan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗannan kifayen, su ma suna da kula da tara ɓata, don haka kuna buƙatar tsaftace akwatunan a kai a kai kuma ku canza aƙalla 30% na ruwa kowane mako.

Lura

Tetra von rio a halin yanzu yana da yankin da ba shi da karancin karatu. A shekara ta 2014, masanin ilimin halittar Carvalho ya zaci cewa yanayin mazaunin São Paulo ba dabi'a bane ga wannan nau'in kifayen kuma mai yiwuwa yawan jama'a ya faru ne ta hanyar masanan ruwa wadanda suka fitar da kifin a jikin ruwan ruwa na gida. Dakatar da wannan an samo asali ne daga hujjojin kimiyya wadanda a zahiri suka ce har zuwa shekarar 1977 yankin ya kasance cibiyar kasuwancin kifayen ado. Don a tabbatar ko a karyata wannan tunanin, ya zama dole a bincika DNA na kifin.

Hakan ya faru da tarihi cewa mazaunin tetra-von-rio yana cikin mafi yawan yanki na Brazil, saboda yanayin mazaunin kifin yana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kuma ya lalata ƙasa sosai. Tun daga 1992, wannan nau'in kifin ya zama sannu a hankali, kuma a cikin 2004, an haɗa kifin a cikin ƙungiyar masu haɗari.

Banbancin jinsi

Banbancin Jima'i a cikin wakilan nau'ikan ana iya ganinsu. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don tantance jinsi:

• Ta girman jiki - maza sun fi girma,
• Dangane da launi na ƙusoshin - a cikin maza yana da haske, a cikin mace ƙusoshin ɗimbin na ƙarshen a baki ne.

Cutar da Rigakafin

Da yawa von rio tetras yana raye ya dogara da ƙimar yanayin halitta, kusancinsu da na halitta. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar kifin akwatin kifaye shine shekaru 3-4.

Tetra na wuta yana da kyakkyawan kariya. Cututtuka na faruwa ne kawai tare da:

• Rashin sarari a cikin akwatin kifaye,
• Mara kyau, abinci mai daidaitawa,
• Haɓakawa
• Tsarin ruwa na akwatin kifaye, tara daga nitrates,
• Rashin iska.

Tetra mara lafiya yana da rauni, ba ya aiki, ya ƙi abinci, ya rasa haske mai launi. Don rigakafin cututtuka da mutuwar kifi, ya zama dole a kula da ingancin ruwa, tsaftace akwatunan a kai a kai, kula da lafiyar matattara da mai sarrafa kansa.

Tetra von rio babban kifi ne da ba a bayyana shi ba, dabba ce mai dacewa ga masu farawa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Yana dacewa da sauri zuwa sabon yanayi, baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, baya jin ciwo yayin riƙe ingancin ruwa.

Dimorphism na jima'i

Dimorphism na jima'i an bayyana shi sosai. Mace sun fi maza girma, tsawonsu ya kai 4.5 cm, girman maza, a matsayin mai mulkin, baya wuce 3.5 cm.

Launin maza ya fi zafi, launin ja a kan ƙwallan ya zama tubali. A kasan gefen murfin fin ta wuce wata baƙar fata wacce ba ta cikin mace. Nasihun ƙusoshin ventral a cikin maza baƙar fata ne, kuma caudal fin ba shi da launi, a cikin mata yana da ruwan hoda.
Daga farawa daga wata hudu, mace mai ciki ta fara fitowa waje, a cikin manya tana da launin shuɗi.

Rashin daidaituwar nau'in zuwa yanayin kiyayewa da ciyarwa yana ba da damar ko da masu noctarists masu novice su kiyaye kifi.

Yanayin tsarewa tetra von rio mai sauƙin sauƙaƙe: jimlar ƙarfin ruwa har zuwa 12dGH (a wasu rubuce-rubuce an rubuta game da yiwuwar kiyaye kifi a ruwa tare da taurin har zuwa 25dGH), pH daga 5.8 zuwa 7.8, yanayin zafin ruwa mafi kyau shine 20-25 ° C (matsakaici - 28 °, ƙarami - 16 °).

Tetra von rio yi kyau a cikin babba (har zuwa 60 santimita) aquariums, tare da fitila na ruwa na ruwa: pinnacle, wallisneria, bushes of small echinodorus, rotala and ludwig.

Tetra von rio a cikin akwatin kifaye

Lokacin yin ado da akwatin kifaye, dole ne a samar da wuraren don yin iyo na kifin, a cikin share abubuwa tsakanin tsirrai da gaban gilashin gani.

A cikin hasken da aka haskaka, garken kifayen manya da suka ƙunshi 2040 samfurori suna kama da launin ruwan hoda mai saurin motsawa. Yana da kyau maza maza su fi rinjaye a cikin irin wannan rukunin rukunin, tunda suna da kyau sosai fiye da mace.

M canje-canje na ruwa akai-akai ba a son su; suna yin illa ga yanayin kifin. An bada shawara don maye gurbin 10-15% na ƙara tare da dafa shi sau ɗaya a mako.

Yawan hadadden kwayoyi masu cutarwa na ruwa a cikin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da adadin kwayoyin halitta mai jujjuya cuta, suna da illa ga kifin: sun zama basu da nutsuwa, sun rasa abun ci, kuma yunƙurin tsallakewa daga cikin ruwa ya zama mafi yawan lokuta.

Kamar sauran ƙananan maganganu, tetra von rio suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna iya zama a cikin kewayen tare da sauran kifayen masu matsakaiciyar matsakaici, da haracin da kifin kifi, ƙananan cyprinids, da kuma wasu cichlids na Kudancin Amurka.

Musamman na ado tetra von rio duba cikin akwatin ruwa mai kyau-ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai duhu.

Tetra von rio a cikin akwatin kifaye

Yana da ban sha'awa

Baya ga kayan ado na halitta, tetra von rio ban sha'awa a matsayin abu don zaɓi.

Tetra von rio mallakar waɗancan speciesan nau'in kifin ne waɗanda a yau suke samun nasarar amfani da tasirin hormonal akan canza launi da aka yi akan cyprinids.

An gabatar da shirye-shiryen da suka dace tare da abinci ko narkar da ruwa. Sakamakon wannan sakamako, launin kifin ya zama mai haske. Ko da launi na matasa sami ƙarfin sutturar suturar kifayen da suka manyanta na jima'i.

Tare da sakamako mai ganuwa, wannan dabarar ba ta da matsala, kamar yadda kifin fentin ya rage mahimmancin mahimmanci kuma, sakamakon hakan, yana ƙaruwa da mace-mace. Tasirin hormonal baya shafar aikin jima'i na kifi, ayyukan masu samarwa da ingancin zuriya sun kasance iri ɗaya kamar na amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Orange canzawa tio baya rikice

A cikin ingantattun yanayin tsarewa, tare da madaidaicin haske, tetra von rio na ado kuma ba tare da “tinting” ba.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasuwa don kifin kifin ruwa, ya bayyana kifin da aka samu ta hanyar injiniyan kwayoyin. Mafi shahararrun daga cikinsu suna da murfin zebrafish (abin da ake kira murjani zeralfish, ko Glo-Fish), oryzias (kifin shinkafa) “wanda aka fifita” a kore, da sauransu.

Tare da taimakon irin wannan fasahar zamani, an kuma kirkiro sabbin launuka masu launi. tetra von rio, wanda ɗayansu ke kira dutsen lu'u-lu'u. A cikin abin da gaba ɗayan ɓangaren gaban jikin mutum, har zuwa ƙwanƙolin dorsal, yana haske tare da launi mai launin shuɗi, kuma babu ratsi mai duhu akan jikin.

Ana samun irin wannan kifin ta hanyar gabatar da wasu kwayoyin halittar wani jigon halittar wani abu mai rai kamar su jellyfish, anemones, da sauran dabbobi.

Abinda a zahiri ya bambanta da maye gurbi na halitta wanda ke faruwa tsakanin mutane masu irin nau'in halittar chromosome iri ɗaya.

Kwayoyin halitta na wucin gadi suna iya canza launi kifin gaba ɗaya, yayin riƙe al'aurarsa. Haka kuma, canje-canjen launi na iya zama da muhimmanci sosai, kuma palette mai launi na iya zama mai wadatar gaske, haɗe da ja, kore, shuɗi, violet, rawaya da sauran launuka daban-daban.

A cikin dogon lokaci, ƙetare kifin da aka canza ko 'ya'yansu tare da asali na asali na iya ba da sabon haɗuwa da launi, da sauransu zuwa rashin iyaka.

Ayyukan kiwo a cikin wannan jagorar yana da ban sha'awa sosai, ana buƙatar haƙuri da daidaito daga masu binciken ruwa.

Tare da fatan bayyanar sababbin siffofin launi tetra von rio zai taimaka sabunta sha'awa ga wannan nau'in.