Claire Walsh, wacce ke zaune a garin Welsh na Gorsynon, ta lura cewa ɗayan karen karen nata yana da kama da na Adolf Hitler.

A cewar uwargidan da kanta, farkon wanda ya lura da kamannin waɗannan mutane na tarihi ba nata ba ce, amma abokanta ne waɗanda suka ga hoton ppyan tsana an sanya su a Facebook. Kuma bayan sun sanar da Claire game da wannan, ita da iyalinta tare sunyi baftisma ƙaramin Chihuahua Adolf.

Misalin mai kayatarwa ga Hitler a karamar chihuahua.

Kamar yadda macen ta ce a cikin wata hira da manema labarai, launin mayafin a kan kwikwiyo ya yi kama da sanannen rabuwar Hitler, kuma da farko ruwan hanci ya canza baki.

"Lokacin da muka ba shi irin wannan sunan barkono, ba muna nufin wani mummunan abu ba ne. Mu ba Nazis ba ne kuma ba mu da ra'ayoyin da Hitler ya yi yaƙi da shi. Kawai yanzu mun ga cewa karen mu ya yi kama da shi kuma wannan shi ne duka. " - in ji a bayyane.

Ba abin mamaki bane, karamin kare ya sami sunan barkwanci Adolf.

Ya kamata a sani cewa wannan kwikwiyo ba dabba ta farko da ta yi kama da Fuhrer na Reich na Uku. Zai yuwu a sami irin waɗannan dabbobi ko da tsakanin kifin akwatin kifaye, don haka al'amarin bai iyakance ga kuliyoyi da karnuka ba.

An rubuta ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shari'ar a cikin York a cikin 2013. Bayan masu mallakar bulldog na Faransa sun haye shi da shih-tsu, an haifi wani kwikwiyo mai suna Patch. Amma tunda shi ma ya yi kama da Adolf Hitler, dangin maigidan wannan ɗan kwikwiyon sun fara ba da kwikwiyo tare da Hitler ko Adolf. Sakamakon haka, karen ya fara amsa duka biyun. Amma, a cewar maigidan Patch, bayyanar ita ce kawai abin da ya shafi Patch da Fuhrer, tunda halin dabba yana da ƙauna da tausayi.

Hoton Jamus

Wasasar da aka buga ta hanyar baƙar fata Ruby Commie. Mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, wanda aka sani da Gunter-SPb, ya tabbata cewa darektan ya yi wannan zaɓin saboda dalili: baƙar fata launi ne na ƙasar Jamusawa. Misali, sanannen gaggafa ta kasar Jamus a sutturar makamai tayi daidai da baki.

A cikin dukkan al'amuran, Jamus ta bayyana a cikin sutturar da ta nuna mana daidai cikin wane lokaci ne tarihi ya faru da kuma yadda yanayi yake a cikin Jamus.

A farkon bidiyon halayen, Ruby ta gano wata rukunin Rumawa da suka ɓace. Tana sanye da rigar mayafi. A gindin bishiyar da matattu suka jingina, sai ta yanke kan wani mutum mai aski na tsohuwar Jamusawa. Wannan yanayin yana sanya sautin don ɗaukar bidiyon duka: Jamus tana ɗaukar rayukan mutane a koyaushe. Saboda haka, a cikin rabin lokuta mun gan ta tare da kawunanmu a hannayenmu.

A cikin wasu bangarorin, muna ganin Herman a cikin makamai na zamanin da, sutura ta Renaissance, wani suttura daga zamanin daular Jumani, kyawawan kayayyaki na karni na talatin da na shekarun baya, siffar ta Reich na Uku da Gabashin Jamus, a cikin keken guragu wanda mutane ke sanye da tufafin farkon karni na 20 kuma, a karshe, sanye da riguna fararen tufafi - mala'ika da maciji. Abin sha'awa, a cikin al'amuran tare da Reich na Uku, Jamus tana da ido ɗaya rufe. Ta yi ƙoƙarin duba abin da ke faruwa zaɓi, ba don lura da nasarorin da Reich (wanda makami mai linzami na farko da duniya ya wakilta) ya dogara da kisan da citizensan ƙasa ke yi, na kashin kansu da sauran su.

Jamus cikin alamar keken hannu, ba tare da wata shakka ba, ƙasar lokacin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Versailles - ya lalata a zahiri shi da yakin da ya gabata. Sannan ta tsinci kanta cikin suttura mai walƙiya kuma, dariya, ta kalli dambe a ƙwanƙolin tagulla. Nan da nan na tuna cewa a cikin shekaru 20 na Jamusawa, don tsira, sun tafi ga kowane dabaru kuma ƙasar ta juya zuwa wani wurin shakatawa na masu yawon shakatawa na jima'i, masu son yin faɗa ba tare da dokoki ba da kuma magunguna.

A cikin ɗayan juzu'i ɗaya kawai, Jamus ta bayyana ba tare da farashi ba. An juya shi zuwa tebur da aka shimfiɗa, abinci, kuma dole ne a tsara wannan zamanin bisa ga mutanen da suke zaune a ɗaki na gaba a cikin karni na goma sha takwas.

Muna wasa "The Dragee's Fairy Dance" daga The Nutcracker akan ingantaccen kayan tarihi

Tchaikovsky ya burge shi da sautin gilashin gilashi, Tchaikovsky ya rubuta sassa da yawa a cikin ayyukansa musamman mata. Koyaya, yawancin masu rubutun ƙarni na ƙarni na 17 zuwa 20 sun kasance suna da sha'awar hakan.

Abubuwan farko na kayan aiki waɗanda ke aiki akan ka'idodin fakitin gilashin gilashin gilashin da aka tsoma cikin ruwa sun bayyana a Burtaniya a ƙarni na 17. A cikin sigar zamani, Benjamin Franklin ne ya kirkiri ta - ita ce irin ta daga takardar kudin Amurka. Bayan ya ziyarci Landan a cikin 1757 a kan ziyarar aiki, ya lura da wannan ƙira don "kofuna na kiɗa", daga baya kuma ya haɓaka kyakkyawan tsari. Ya maye gurbin gilashin tare da kofuna waɗanda aka saƙa a jikin ɗaya. Don motsin da suke canzawa na yi amfani da hanyar dutsen, kamar in keken dinki da looms. A ƙarƙashin kofuna, an shirya wanka a cikin abin da aka zubar da ruwa da vinegar don mafi kyawun kayan aiki. Kofuna da kansu za a iya fentin su don sauƙaƙawa cikin bayanin.

Gilashin Franklin gilashin harmonica ya mamaye duk duniya. Da kyau, aƙalla ɓangaren wayewarsa ne.

Ofaya daga cikin mawakan farko waɗanda suka juya zuwa ga sabon abin mamaki shi ne Johann Adolf Hasse (a cikin cantata "L'armonica"). Mawallafin makaho Marianna Kirchgesner, tun bayan da ta ziyarci Vienna a 1791, don haka ta burge Mozart tare da wasarta wanda nan da nan ya rubuta takarda don harmonica, ƙaho, oboe, viola da cello. Beethoven da Richard Strauss sun rubuta don wannan kayan; Paganini da Goethe sun yaba da sautin na sama.

A farkon karni na 20, wannan kayan aikin ba zato ba tsammani. Dalili: kyakkyawar tsohuwar wariya. Dangane da ambaton mutanen zamanin, a cikin rashi na mutuwa, mawaƙa da yawa sun yi marmarin yin hakan. Wasu mawaƙa da masu sauraro "sun yi hauka" don sautinsa. Kodayake lokaci bai yi duhu ba, mutane sun fara zargin cewa ta hanyar rumfa wani abu mai allahntaka yana hulɗa da mutane. Haka kuma, dukkan nau'ikan Kashpirovsky da Chumaki na ƙarni na 18 zuwa 19 sun yi amfani da kofuna na kiɗa a cikin zaman nasu, wanda kuma hakan ya sa mutane ke yin jituwa da gilashin gilashi. A garuruwa da dama an dakatar da amfani da ita.

Yanzu ya rigaya ya bayyana cewa yawancin masu wannan kayan an saka su cikin nau'i biyu na ruwan giya da fenti da aka fentin kofuna - akwai jagora da yawa a ciki. Hakanan, sautin kida na kayan aikin yana da "tasiri" akan waɗanda mutanen da ke da matsala tare da cuckoo, don haka tare da sautin gilashin harmonica wani zai iya samun rauni. Koyaya, wasu masu ilimin tabin hankali, akasin haka, sunyi amfani dashi don sake tabbatar da marasa lafiyar su.

Yau, a hankali suka fara tunawa game da wannan kayan aikin. Sabbin abubuwa na zamani a maimakon wutan lantarki suna da motsi na lantarki. Hemispheres da aka yi da gilashi tare da babban cokali mai rikitarwa ba sa buƙatar nutsuwa a cikin ruwa; ya isa ya rinka yatsunsu lokaci-lokaci. Kofuna waɗanda aka zana tare da fenti mai lafiya.

Abin sha'awa, amma an riga an rarrabe shi a VST? Ina amfani da wani abu daga disko 80s akan shi!

William Zeitler mows karkashin benjamin franklin wasan kwaikwayo "Dance Fairy Dance"

17 dabbobi daban-daban da tsuntsayen da suka karɓi daga halitta a cikakke

Masana kimiyya sun ce, kusan nau'ikan halittar tiriliyan tiriliyan daya ne suke rayuwa a doron kasa, duk da cewa kasa da kashi 1% daga cikinsu kimiya ne suka bayyana su. A zuciyar wannan mu'ujiza shine ikon iya dacewa da kowane irin yanayi, ko da wutar dutsen mai zafi ce ko kuma kasan tekuna mai tsananin zafi. Sakamakon irin wannan karbuwa ta halitta, dabbobi da tsuntsayen da kebantattun halaye sun bayyana wanda za'a iya yin hassada.

Ba mu gaji da gano wani sabon abu a duniyar dabbobin daji ba kuma muna ba ku damar sanin abubuwan da ke faruwa na halittu masu ban mamaki, wanda ba tare da hakan ba shi yiwuwa a hango yanayin rayuwar duniya daban daban. Tabbas, kyakkyawa na ainihi yana cikin bambance-bambance.

Dangane da DNA, dangin mafi kusancin sloths ba birai bane, amma armadillos da dabbobi masu rai

Tare, sun kasance ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙasa mai zurfi kuma sun yi nisa da magabata.Yi la'akari da lamuransu da hancinsu - shin kuna kama dangi? A yau, mafi girma anteater a cikin ƙananan ƙasarsu ita ce babbar katuwa, kodayake shekaru dubun da suka wuce yana da ƙima sosai ga sauran danginsa - giant sloths: ɗayan waɗannan nau'in halittar da aka lalata ya kasance sau 2 mafi girma fiye da giwa kuma nauyinsa sau da yawa.

Dukkan wakilan subdental suborder sun sami mummunan hangen nesa mai launin fata da fari: wataƙila, sauran danginsu na nesa sun taɓa zama a cikin ƙasa, saboda haka ya “ƙi” hoto mai launi don fifita ci gaban ƙoshin ji ƙanshi. Saboda haka, hanci dukkan wadannan dabbobi shine babban makaminsu.

Reindeer yayi amfani da hangen nesa na ultraviolet don nemo abinci da kuma gane wani ƙaddara mai karewa

Wannan kyautar tana taimaka wa dabbar a cikin hunturu: dusar ƙanƙara tana nuna radadin ultraviolet, kuma danshin ƙyallen ko ƙyallen ƙyallen ya cika, don haka a idanun mai kama da juna suna kama da na banbanci da farar ƙasa. Wannan karfin yana sa mai saurin zama dabba mai saukin kai wacce zata iya bambance dusar kankara daga dabbar pola a nesa mai nisa.

Wannan ba abin wuya ba ne, amma batirin hasken rana ne: lizard yana buɗe shi don caji da ƙarfin rana

Ya kasance kasance cewa shi abin wuya shi ne abin da ke da alhakin samarwar da ke cikin jikin gaba daya, saboda haka lizard-kamar lizard ya bayyana shi lokacin da yake shiga rana da safe. Amma ya juya cewa a cikin wannan tsarin, mai rarrafe yana amfani da dukkan jikin jikin shi don tara mafi girman zafi daga yanayin.

Wannan daki-daki game da wuya yana da wata manufa. A lokacin lokacin ma'aurata, ana auna maza ta hanyar kofuna: yayin da yake da girma da yalwatacce da abin wuya, yawan samun saurin namiji ya samu hankalin maza da mata.

Heron mews a lokacin hatsari kuma croaks idan ya zo ga ta mutum mallaka

Wani suna na wannan tsuntsu shine heron daddare. Abu ne mai sauki ka ji ana huɗuwarta a lokacin bazara, idan namiji ya nemi wuri a mazaunin sai ya kori abokan gasa da kukansa. A wannan lokacin, kamanninsa kuma suna canzawa: domin jawo hankalin masu yiwuwar amarya, namiji yayi girma biyu doguwar fuka-fukai a bayan kansa. Kuna iya haɗuwa da garken dabbobi a cikin gandun daji: ta fi son ta zauna a cikin ɓarna kusa da tafkuna.

The Antarctic giant squid yana da gogewar idanu, kuma llama yana da idanu masu duhu tare da tasirin duhu

Wannan squid zai iya nutsar da mita dubu 2 a karkashin ruwa kuma shine mai mallakar manyan idanun a tsakanin dukkanin wakilan duniyar dabbobi: idan dalibin mutum karamar bead ne, to wannan halittar tana kama da babban apple, kuma ido da kansa ya kai 30 cm a diamita. Antarctic squid yana da hangen nesa na 100% har ma a cikin haske mara nauyi kuma akwai hotunan hoto - gabobi na musamman waɗanda ke haifar da haske, suna haskaka sararin samaniya a gaban idanun.

Ana ɗaukar akasin aikin ta hanyar ruffles a gaban llama - suna kare ɗalibanta daga haske mai haske. Idan ka lura da kyau, ana iya samun "kayan ado" masu kama da sauran dabbobi, kamar raƙumi da dawakai.

Don neman ƙaunar rayuwarsa, ɗan jirgin ruwa mai ban mamaki ya haifar da babban kumburi mai launin shuɗi a wuyansa

Gaskiya ne, don fitar da wannan zuciyar, kuna buƙatar duba tsuntsu daga wani lungu. Mafi girman kumfa, da yawan sauraron da namiji zai samu shine ya kasance mata da maza. Don haka mace ta same shi, wanda yake so sau ɗaya kuma.

Amma wannan ya nisa da mafi kyawun fasalin waɗannan tsuntsayen. Jirgin saman jirgin sama mai girma zai iya kasancewa cikin jirgin watanni biyu ba tare da sauka ba ko da don barci, saboda yana bacci a kan tashi: farkon rabin rabin kwakwalwa ya huta, sannan ɗayan ko duka biyun. Irin wannan mafarkin ba ya wuce awa ɗaya a rana. Kuma bayan saukowa, tsuntsu yana bacci awanni 12 a rana. Kuna iya saduwa da ita a gabar tekun Pacific na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.

Don tsira, wannan gizo-gizo yana kama da tsagewar tsuntsu, kuma yayi kamar 'asu ne saboda ƙoshin abinci

Sabon launi mara kyau yana sanya gizo-gizo Celaenia excavata a waje ba ya kulawa da tsuntsaye, manyan maƙiyanta.Wannan dabba tana zaune akan bishiyoyi na 'ya'yan itace, saboda tana fifita kwari da kwari ga kwari. Yayin farauta, sai yayi kamar wata asu: yana haifar da wani ƙanshin na musamman wanda irin kuɗaɗen barkwanci ke jan hankalin maza, yana jira har sai kwari masu kaifi suka tashi sama kusa da su don cinye su. Za ku iya saduwa da shi ne kawai a Ostiraliya.

Wasu karnukan beraye dole su fara tafiya yayin farauta don su fitar da tsutsotsi daga ɓoye

An san cewa tsuntsaye ba su da matsala game da samuwar iskar gas, amma kowace doka tana da bambanci. Zurfin duniya na nau'ikan Zoothera lunulata, wanda ke zaune a kudu maso gabashin Ostireliya da Tasmania, suna haɗiye iska zuwa gaba. Tsutsotsi, masu firgita da wannan sautin, suna fara motsawa da karfi, suna ba da kasancewarsu, kuma tsuntsu da sauri ya same su.

Yin amfani da tsefe a kan yatsan tsakiya, babban heron shuɗi yana lura da kansa da gashin fulawa bayan abincin dare

A kan cincirindon ciki da kuma a cikin makwancin gwaiwa, ƙarshen gashin gashin tsuntsu koyaushe yakan yi jifa, yana juyawa cikin kyakkyawan foda. Tsuntsursa yana rarrabe ko'ina cikin jikinsa tare da yatsa na tsakiya. Irin wannan foda baya bada izinin gashin fuka-fukai tare tare yayin da huji da gamsai daga kifin da aka ci ya same su.

Wannan bututun giwa ne: yana da wahalar isa gare shi da gangar jikin, sai almamura mai zurfi da kauri suka kare shi daga cizon kwari da ƙaya.

Amma irin wannan fata yana da ƙarin maƙasudi: cakulan mai zurfi da fasa a samansa ya riƙe datti, yashi da ruwa a kan giwayen Afirka, wanda yake shayar da kanta sosai, yana gudu da zafi.

Flamingos ya ciyar da kajin ruwan hoda

Madara ta tsuntsu tana ɓoye a cikin harshen wuta daga gland na musamman waɗanda suke a cikin esophagus kuma sun ƙunshi launuka iri ɗaya da ke bayar da karas, tumatir da kabewa mai launin shuɗi. Tsuntsu yana karɓar waɗannan launuka daga abinci, kuma suna shafan launinta. Amma idan kuka ɗauki fuka-fukin tsuntsun da ya faɗo, zaku ga cewa bayan ɗan lokaci zai zama fari fat. Ba tare da “kayan shafawa” su masu harshen wuta ba kamar tsuntsaye masu launin toka.

Laraunar furanni tana ƙaunar tsabta, amma sun fi son yin wanka a cikin ruwan sanyi.

A zahiri, suna kawar da datti daga ulu, suna yawo a dusar ƙanƙara. Rashin ruwa na yau da kullun ba zai iya yuwuwa ba, saboda fatar da ke jikin beyar ta tona asirin mai, wanda ya sa masu jujjuyawar ruwan su.

Domin kare kanka da hankalin maza na adalci, sifaka da aka suturta wani abu mai launin ruwan kasa

Wannan sirrin sirri ne wanda ya ke ɓoye daga cututtukan fitsari da kuma cututtukan makogwaro, kuma mafi yawan abin lura shine kan ulu, mafi ƙarancin mace. Sifaki, wanda ƙirjinsa ba su da ma'anar fahimta, zai iya kusanci ga uwargidan zuciya ta hanyar ba da sabis na tsabtace ulu don musayar ta canjin.

Biruang beyar ce da take zaune kanta a cikin bishiyoyi.

A gare shi, wannan shine wurin rayuwa: a nan yana bacci yana ɗaukar maraƙin rana tare da jin daɗi, kuma da dare yana farauta kwari da bukukuwa akan ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kuna iya haɗuwa da irin wannan beyar a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da tsaunukan Asiya, kodayake Biruangs dabbobi ne masu wuya.

Mujiya gaggafa ba ta da ma'ana a cikin abinci wanda a yau, ba tare da cutarwa ga lafiya ba, za ta hadiye babban shinge da maciji mai daɗi, gobe kuma ba za ta ƙi barewa ta cin abincin rana ba

Tsuntsu ya canza abubuwan da ake son ɗanɗano su "akan tashi", yana mai da hankali kan halayen taro ɗaya ko wani nau'in halittar halittu. A yau yana iya zama kifi, gobe - tsuntsaye, gobe bayan gobe - kunkuru. Godiya ga wannan, mujiya mikiya ba ta dogara da canje-canjen yanayi ba, ba ta barazanar nau'ikan dabbobi, kuma ta sami abinci don kanta a kowane yanayi.

Bonobos sun san yadda ake yin wuta da amfani da kwamfuta don sadarwa tare da mutane

Arfin hikimar waɗannan birai na ci gaba da mamakin masana kimiyya. Misali, a yanayi, sun kware sosai ga tsirrai kuma sun sami damar hada su don samun maganin da ya dace don wata cuta ta musamman. Kuma bonobos, wanda ke zaune a cikin ajiya kuma yana sadarwa tare da masana kimiyya gabaɗaya, gabaɗaya, ya kasance matsayin marubucin marubutan kimiyya.

Dutse a waje, amma yana raye a ciki

Kuma kada ku rikita kanku ta bayyanar ku: rai mai rai ta zahiri tana gudana a karkashin wannan jirgi.Wannan halitta da ake kira Pyura chilensis za'a iya samun ta a gefen iyakar Peru da Chile, kodayake tana cikin ajin ascidia, galibi suna zaune a tekuna.

Wannan ascidium kodayaushe yana bayyana kamar namiji, kuma yayin da yake girma, yana samun ƙarin gabobin jikin mace. Don haka idan babu wata halitta mai kama da ta kusa, dabbar za ta shiga cikin hadin kansa.

Labarin hoto guda. Abin da baƙin ciki yayi kama. Maigidan bulldog mai suna Big Poppa ya faɗi yadda ta ɗauki wannan sanannen

Idan baku kasance ta yanar gizo gaba daya ba, muna cikin sauri mu sanar daku cewa daya daga cikin manyan hotuna a yanzu shine daukar hoto Bulldog Big Poppada baƙin ciki zaune a baranda.

Farka daga cikin bulldog kuma marubucin hoto Rashida Ellis daga Atlanta sanya hannu kan hoton:

«Babban Poppa yana da matukar bakin ciki a yau, Ina tsammanin ya rasa wasanni tare da yaran makwabta. Yana kallon su daga baranda. "

Kuma a wata hira da BuzzFeed, Rashida tayi magana game da yadda aka dauki hoton.

Rashida tana aiki a matsayin mai zanen kayan adula akan fina-finai kuma ana amfani da ita wajen ɗaukar abincin dabbobi da ita. Big Poppa yana son sadarwar ɗan adam, yana kusantar da membobin crewan fim da 'yan fim kuma ya dade da kasancewa a shafin. Amma saboda keɓancewa, duk fim ɗin an dakatar dashi, kuma an kulle Big Poppa da uwargidan a cikin gida.

"Abin bakin ciki a gare ni shine na ware ko da Big Poppu. Idan yana gida, yakan shiga baranda yana neman mutane. Ya fara barci sosai. M. Ba shi da farin ciki ko wasa kamar yadda ya saba. A fili ya gaji da cewa ni kawai zan yi wasa tare da shi. ". - In ji labarin Rashida Ellis.

Musamman Big Poppa suna rasa ƙarancin yaran.

«Yana ƙaunar yara, sannan sauran karnuka, sannan kawai manya. A cikin wannan umarnin "- Rashida tayi sharhi.

A wannan lokacin da aka ɗauki hoto hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, bulldog ya saurara yayin da 'yan uwan ​​biyu suke wasa a bene a farfajiyar gidan.

"Ya yi sauti daban-daban don samun hankalin su, amma muna kan bene na shida kuma ba su ji komai ba."

Ba tabbata ba idan wannan zai sauƙaƙe begen Big Poppa a yanzu, amma ko shakka babu ya zama shahararren Yanar gizo. Don haka, lokacin da keɓe keɓaɓɓen ya ƙare, waɗanda suke so su yi wasa da shi za a jera su.

A halin yanzu, yana cikin baƙin ciki da baƙin ciki ..

Ya kasance-daga Rorinka

Dukkansu sun fara ne tun da daɗewa - lokacin da nake ƙarami, itaciyar sun yi yawa, kuma ƙanƙarar ice mafi dadi. Mun zauna kusa da budurwata kuma munyi kyau da girma. a'a, BIG, atlas na nau'in kare. Ya kasance da wuya sosai cewa ba shi yiwuwa ma tunanin. Yana da kamar na Bugatti yau kyauta ne don Litinin. Hmm, eh, menene zan fada. don haka, mafi yawan hotuna masu kyau tare da karnuka masu kyan gani sun bar min rashin kulawa, amma sai na ga hoto tare da karamin kare tare da doguwar kyakkyawa a cikin wani launi mai launi na baƙin ƙarfe mai banƙyama kuma tare da fuskar mustachioed mara kyau. Sai na tabbatarwa abokina cewa wannan kare zai kasance nawa. Ta yi dariya, ni ma na yi dariya tare da ita, saboda kawai nau'ikan da ke akwai a cikin ka’ida sune collie, poodle da makiyayi Jamusawa.
Lokaci ya wuce kuma budurwar ba budurwa ba kwata-kwata, amma halitta ce, na manta da burina.
A ranar haihuwarmu, mijina ya ba ni wani kwikwiyo na Pekingese, wanda muke tafiya zuwa nune-nunen, karen farko na, na ƙaunace shi sosai, sannan ya mutu. A cikin dakika biyu. Sun ce bugun jini - mutuwa nan take. Yana dan shekara 3 kawai. Lokacin da na zo na ziyarci maigidan, sai ta ce za ta ɗauki ɗan Yorkshire Terrier - bisa ga mallakar shi. Wato, yana zaune tare da ni, Ina fitar da shi zuwa nune-nunen a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa, da samun kudin shiga daga ɗaure a cikin rabi. Akwai shi. Mai matukar ƙauna da kirki, amma wawa bashi yiwuwa. M matuƙar wawa kare)

Maksyuha ya zama kakan jariri, wanda muke magana akai. An haife ta a shekara ta 2009 a hannu na. Na tsage ruwa mai amniotic kuma na cire ruwa daga karamin hanci.

Sannan ta girma. Shkodila yana da ban tsoro. Lokacin da lokaci ya yi da 'yan kwikwiyo ga sabon dangi, sai ta yanke hukuncin cewa tana son zama tare da ni. Oye daga masu sayen, bai je wurinsu ba.Don haka, suka ɗauki 'yan uwanta.

Kuma ta dage kan hukuncin da ta yanke. 15 ga Maris, ta cika shekara 11 da haihuwa. Tana da fara'a, gaisuwa kuma tana jin daɗin kanta. Wannan ita ce shekarar 2016.

Yana da zahiri kwanan nan. Splyushka mujiya mai bakin ciki.

Ina son ta, rana ta, Majiɓincina kuma matsoraci. Tana ƙaunar yin tafiya da barci a ƙafafunta, amma da gaske baya son wanka da bushewar gashi. Littlean rakumin ƙanƙan na mu) muna jiran shekaru masu yawa na rayuwa da kuma kasada mai ban sha'awa, bumblebee ɗaya a cikin labulen ya cancanci wani abu. Duk

Wani irin silin karfe ne sojojin Jamusawa suke da shi

Duk wanda ya kalli tsoffin finafinai game da yaƙin ko kuma ya ga hotunan hotunan gaskiya to tabbas ya kula da cewa sojojin na Jamus suna da silinti na baƙin ƙarfe da ke rataye a wuyan bel ko belinsu a kafaɗa.

Lokaci ya yi da zamu gano dalilin da yasa ake buƙatarsa ​​da kuma yadda sojojin Wehrmacht suke amfani da shi.

Silinda daskararre a cikin kayan sojoji na sojojin German shine kawai abin da ake kira "gas tank" - wani akwati don adana abin rufe fuska. Ana yawan sa shi a bel daban, wanda akan jefa akan kafadar soja ko kuma an rataye shi da bel.

Tare da taimakon ƙaramin madauri, an kuma sanya ƙaramin jaka na fata a cikin kowane tanki na gas, a ciki wanda ake ajiye cajin ƙura-ƙurar-ruwa, wanda, zaune a cikin maɓallin, sojan na Jamus dole ne ya saka kansa da kafada nan da nan bayan ya ɗora mashin gas. A lokacin, yakamata cape ɗin yayi irin ayyukan da a yau suke aiwatar da tsarin kariya na sunadarai.

A lokacin 1941, Wehrmacht yana dauke da makamai guda uku na mashin gas. Samfurori daga baya sun kasance masu kyau sosai kuma suna halin mafi girman matakin ingancin su. Kamar yadda a yau, an samar da masks na gas a ƙarƙashin yawancin girman girma. Baya ga abin rufe fuska tare da tacewa, an adana wasu fewan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin tanki.

Tank da jaka tare da ɗakin ƙura.

Don haka, a murfin yana hawan zuwa gefen wani ɗan ƙaramin aljihun ƙarfe yana tsallakewa wani marmaro. Yana dauke da katin sirri na mai faɗa da kuma takaddun rakiyar takaddun ga masar gas. Su, musamman, an yi masu alama don gwada na'urar don aiki. A cikin ka'idar, yakamata a bincika mashin gas a cikin sojojin Jamus a kalla sau ɗaya a shekara.

Yana nufin keɓaɓɓen sinadarai a fata.

A karkashin mashin gas a cikin tanki kan sanya kwalba da akwati tare da hanyoyi biyu don magance sinadaran da ke kan fatar da aka fallasa. A cikin kwantena biyu akwai magani ɗaya kuma daidai yake da bambanci kawai kasancewar akwai foda a cikin akwati da ruwa a kwalbar.

Hakanan a karkashin mashin gas akwai wata tukunyar gas wacce aka sanya tawul din diski na musamman (a zahiri, wani yanki ne na yau da kullun) don shafa mask din gas din bayan harin gas. A ƙarƙashin tawul a cikin jakar takarda sun kasance ruwan tabarau masu amfani da gilashi da yawa.

A kasan tawul don goge da sassan jikin jari.

Gazbaki ya ɓullo bayan ƙwarewar baƙin ciki na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko. Koyaya, duk da bala'in Yakin Duniya na II, ƙasar ba ta kai ga amfani da makami mai guba ba (ban da yanayi da dama), sabili da haka masan gas ba su da amfani.

Yana da ban mamaki yadda ake ganin wannan babban kayan aiki a cikin sojojin Jamus na farkisanci na Jamus da kuma yadda wannan baƙon abu yake ga Red Army.

A zahiri, abin rufe kansa.

Dogs daga Titanic

Da yawa, idan ba duka ba, sun san labarin mai ban tsoro game da kayan adon teku, Titanic, wanda ya nutse a arewacin Tekun Atlantika ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1912. Sakamakon wannan bala'in, mutane sama da 1,500 suka mutu. Amma mutane kalilan ne suka sani cewa ba su kaɗai ne abin ya shafa ba. Aƙalla karnuka goma sha biyu ne a jirgin, wanda uku ne kawai suka tsira.

Fasinjojin aji na farko sau da yawa suna tafiya da dabbobinsu. Sabili da haka, Titanic an sanye shi da ɗakin ƙaramin aji wanda ke ba da duk sabis na kulawa da kiyaye karnuka, gami da zagayawa na yau da kullun har ma da motsa jiki na musamman a kan bene.Haka kuma, an shirya wasan kwaikwayon kare da ba na hukuma ba don 15 ga Afrilu, wanda, abin takaici, bai faru ba. Baya ga karnukan da aka ajiye a gidan yari a cikin shimfiɗa, wasu fasinjoji na aji suna riƙe dabbobi a cikin ɗakunansu, kodayake dokokin sun haramta wannan. Ma'aikatan jirgin sun makantar da ido ga wannan.

Wanne ne daga dabbobi Titanic da suka tsira?

Karnuka uku da suka rayu suna da abubuwa da yawa daidai: ana tsare dasu cikin gida, ba a ɗakin kare ba, kuma wakilai ne na wasu ƙananan karnukan. Saboda haka, lokacin da wani karo ya faru kuma aka fara fitarwa, masu mallakar sun sami damar dauke su zuwa jirgi masu rai. Wataƙila maigidan sun ɓoye dabbobinsu, a lullube da barguna ko ɓoye a ƙarƙashin mayafin.

1. Dwarf (Pomeranian) Spitz mai suna Lady: Maigidan Margaret Bechstein Hayes ta samo karenta a Paris kuma ta iya daukar ta zuwa jirgi mai lamba 7, a lullube da bargo.

2. Sun Yat Sen: wadanda suka mallaki Myra da Henry S. Harper, wanda ya kasance mai yawan kafafan yada labarai Ma'auratan sun kawo karen zuwa jirgin mai rai mai lamba 3. A lokaci guda, a cewar J. Joseph Edgett, wani masanin tarihi a Jami'ar Weidner da ke Chester, Pennsylvania, Amurka kuma mai ba da labari game da tarihin kayan tarihin game da Titanic, Mista Harper daga baya ya ce: "Da alama akwai fili mai yawa, don haka ba wanda ya ƙi."

3. Wani Spitz ya kubuta daga jirgin ruwa cikin damuwa, mallakar Martin da Elizabeth Jane Rothschild. Suna cikin kwale-kwale na rayuwa No 6, inda Misis Rothschild, ta hanyar wasu mu'ujiza, ta sami damar ɓoye karen har zuwa washegari, kafin isowar ceto Jirgin Sama na Carpathia. Ma'aikatan Carpathian da farko sun ki daukar karen a kan jirgin, amma Misis Rothschild ta iya dagewa. Mista Rothschild bai tsira daga hadarin jirgin ba.

Dabbobi nawa ne suka mutu a Titanic?

Bayanan tarihi da suka rayu har zuwa yau sun nuna cewa aƙalla karnuka tara na wasu fasinjoji tabbas sun mutu, kodayake akwai wasu da yawa. Karnukan manyan dabbobi ne da aka sanya su a cikin jirgin ruwan, wanda ke nufin an karesu. Wataƙila, ɗayan fasinjoji ko jirgin ya iya buɗe ƙofofin kuma ya 'yantar da karnukan daga ɗakin lokacin da jirgin ya fara nutsewa. Abokan gaba, kamar mutane, suna ta gudu da baya a cikin jirgin ruwan, suna ƙara rura wutar rikici. Ba a gano yawancin karnukan da suka mutu ba, wasu sun sami damar tattara bayanai.

1. Don haka, a cikin gidajen dabbobi da suka mutu, sun kasance Cavalier King Charles Spaniel da Airedale Terrier karnuka na 'ya'yan William Carter, ɗa kuma maigidan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi ƙarfin ciwan ƙarfe a Philadelphia, William Thornton Carter. A kan jirgin, William Carter ya kwashe motar sa ta Renault. Lloyd daga baya kamfanin inshorar ruwa na London ya bankaresu ga dangi.

Bayani mai ban sha'awa: bisa ga labarin da Yau Show ya nuna, yanayin soyayya tsakanin Rose da Jack a cikin fim ɗin da aka fi sani da Titanic ya faru a cikin ainihin kwafin 1912 Renault Carter.

2. A sanadiyyar wannan bala'in, mai kudi John Yakubu Astor ya rasa Airedale, Kitty (hoton taken gidan).

3. Wani wanda aka azabtar ya kasance Faransa Bulldog mai suna Gamin de Piccomb (a Faransa, sau da yawa suna juya ga yara - gamin, don haka ana iya fassara wannan sunan mai suna “jariri”), wanda maigidan bankin Robert Daniel Daniel mai shekaru 27 ya siya a Ingila, mai yiwuwa a ƙauyen Picombo, ba da daɗewa kafin jirgin bai faɗi ba. Mako guda bayan bala'in tare da Titanics a New York, an gudanar da bikin kare karen Bulldog na Faransa. Daya daga cikin alkalan gasar a wannan ranar shi ne Samuel Goldenberg, shi ma daya ne daga cikin fasinjojin da aka kubutar daga Titanic. Dalilin tafiya shine shiga cikin nunin New York a matsayin alkali.

Robert Daniel da kansa ya tsira kuma har ma ya ce ya ga dabbar da ke a raye cikin ruwa, amma ba a taɓa samun kare ba.

Sauran karnukan da suka mutu sun hada da Fox Terrier, Chow Chow, da sauran wadanda ba a san masu mallakar su ba.

Labarin Titanic mai dadi?

Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan labarin mai farin ciki (ko da shike tambaya ne) labarin ne wanda ke ba da labarin wani Newfoundland mai suna Rigel, wanda Mataimakin Kyaftin na Farko, Jami'in William Murdoch ya mallaka. Don haka a cewar wani labarin da ya fito daga baya a cikin New York Herald, Rigel ba kawai zai iya tserewa ba ne kuma ya sauka a jirgin ruwa a cikin ruwa a tekun Atlantika, amma wannan karen ne ya jawo hankalin masu jirgin ruwan Carpathian zuwa jirgin ruwa masu rai tare da mutane. Koyaya, a cewar Cibiyar Nazari da Ilimin Ilmi na Smithsonian a Amurka da sauran kafofin, babu wasu bayanan Rigel a ko'ina, gami da rahoton waɗanda suka tsira. Tarihi bai tsaya a matsayin gwaji na abubuwa ba kuma ya ke faɗi ne.

Koyaya, akwai wani labarin mai ban tausayi wanda yake gaskiya. Wani fasinja na farko, Anne Elizabeth Isham, ta zauna a Titanic a Cherbourg tare da Babbar Dane. Ta ki barin jirgin ba tare da karen ta ba, wanda ya yi girma da yawa da za'a iya ceto shi a kan kwalekwalen rayuwa. Ms Isham na ɗaya daga cikin fasinjoji huɗu na farko da suka mutu a Titanic. Akwai rahotanni, kodayake ba a tabbatar da su ba, cewa masu ceto sun gano ta daga baya. Matar ta mutu ta rungume abokiyar kaunarta mai kafa hudu.

Idan muka tuna da bala'in Titanic kuma muka yi tunani game da duk sadaukarwar mutum da ta yi 108 da suka wuce a watan Afrilu, dole ne mu tuna game da brothersan uwanmu, waɗanda suke cikin mawuyacin hali, yawancinsu ba tare da wani begen samun ceto ba. Dabbobi suna dogaro da mu mutane fiye da yadda muke zato, saboda haka dole ne mu dauki matakin da ya dace da ɗaukar matakan rayuwar waɗanda waɗanda muke son kawowa a gidajenmu mu zama membobin gidanmu.

Doguwa Dogiya game da karnuka 50

Kare na Dog game da karnuka 50:

Kowa ya ji kusan Spartans 300, kowa yasan yadda geese ya ceci Rome, kuma zan ba ku labarin karnuka 50 da suka ceci garin Girka na Koranti.

A zamanin da, Helenawa suna kiyaye karnuka a cikin dukkan kagararsu. Karnuka 50 ne ke tsaron katangar Korinti daga waje. Nightaya daga cikin dare, a cikin shiru, sojojin abokan gaba sun farmaki Krynf. Karnuka ne kawai suka ji abokan gaba. Yaƙi ya ci gaba.

Kare guda ne kawai mai suna Soter ya tsira. Duk mai jini a jika, sai ya bar fagen fama, ya garzaya zuwa kaduna ya ɗaga kararrawa. Sojojin da ke barci suna farkawa kuma suka fatattaki abokan gaba. Majalisar birni ta yanke shawarar ba Soter kyautar azurfa tare da rubutu mai taken: "Soter shine mai kiyayewa da mai ceton Korintiyawa." A lokacin rayuwar Soter, wata dutse ta kafa masa da takwarorinsa arba'in da tara a Koranti. Ya kasance a cikin karni na 4 BC. Ga labari.

Me ya sa karnuka kera kirji?

"Ta yaya za a jefa kurciya talakawa cikin wannan keji da maharbi? Shin waɗannan ɓarna na gidan dabbobi sun mutu ne gabaki ɗaya? ” - mai karatu yayi fushi kuma. ba daidai ba ne. Bayan haka, kare yana iya zama babban aboki na mutum ba kawai ba, har ma da kurciya! Amma me yasa mutane ke fitar da cat da kare, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa wannan cat daji ne?

Dalilin shi ne, cheetahs suna da matukar damuwa da dabbobi masu firgita. Ba su saba da hankalin jama'a gabaɗaya ba, don haka duk wani farinciki mara amfani ya taso cikin damuwa, musamman idan suna zaune shi kaɗai.

Amma ma'aikatan gidan zumar na Amurka sun gano yadda za'a gyara lamarin. Karnuka sun zama rukunin tallafi don raunin jijiya! Broughtan kuyaya da kitso suna tattare wuri ɗaya tun suna ƙuruciya - yara suna wasa da sadarwa, kuma lokacin da suka girma, sun zama abokai mafi kyau, duk da ire-iren waɗannan abubuwan game kuliyoyi da karnuka!

Karnuka suna koyar da cheetah don amincewa da wasu, suna nuna cewa mutane abokai ne, ba abokan gaba ba. Don haka, dabba ba ta da damuwa da sauri don samun amfani da hankalin mutum.

Kamar yadda suke faɗi, wanda zaku jagoranci, daga abin da kuke samu. Bayan maganin kare, maganin cheetah ba wai kawai tsoron mutum bane, har ma yana jin daɗin sadarwa tare dashi! tushe

Mintuna 13 da basu canza duniya ba

A shekara ta 1939, wani mutum ya rayu a nan Jamus wanda yake son canza duniya shi kaɗai. Kuma ya kusan yi nasara. Sunansa Johann Georg Elser.Ya yanke shawarar kashe Adolf Hitler.

Wanene Hitler kuma me yasa mutane da yawa na zamani suke son shi ya mutu, da alama za ku iya karanta wasu layuka a cikin littattafan tarihi, saboda haka ba za mu yi zurfi ba. Yayinda taron mutane suka tauna da Fuhrer - Elser ya gani a cikin Hitler masifaffiyar masifa ga kasar. Elser ya yanke shawarar dakatar da shi.

Da farko, ya kamata a warware tambayoyi biyu - yaushe kuma ta yaya?

Daga shirin farko da mafi sauki - kawai don harbi Hitler daga taron a taron, George ya ki. Shirin yana da matukar hadari kuma ba a iya dogaro da shi ba. Ya so yin aiki da tabbas. Bam din ya fi dogaro. Amma ta yaya kuma a ina? Tambaya ta biyu an warware ta sauƙi. A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1923, Hitler ya yi yunƙurin juyin mulki wanda bai yi nasara ba, wanda a yanzu ake kira da Beer Coup. Tare da Hitler ya hau kan karagar mulki, ana yin wani taron tunawa da shugabannin Nazi na shugabannin kowace shekara a zauren giya burgerbroekeller.

A Nuwamba 1938, Elser yayi tafiya zuwa Munich kuma ya binciki mashaya. Wuri ne da ya fi dacewa. Yana da shekara ɗaya daidai don shirya.

An ƙaddara lokaci da wurin. Lokaci ya yi da za a dauki bam.

Elser ya kasance sassaƙaƙƙen sassaƙa kuma abubuwan fashewar abubuwa sun yi nisa da shi. Kuma me ya yi? Ya tafi zuwa ɗakin karatu. A nan ne ya zana wasu tarin littattafai masu amfani kuma ya samu kwarewa ta fannin injiniya. Idan komai yayi kyau tare da ka'idar, to a ina za'a samo kayan bam din?

Yankin soja mai saurin yaƙi da tattalin arziƙi ya gina masana'antu da yawa na sojoji. Elzer yana aiki a ɗayansu shekaru biyu yanzu. Ya fara layar da bindiga a hankali ya dauko shi gida. Georg ya gina wasu boma-bamai kuma ya yi gwaje-gwaje a gidan kawun nasa.

Kuma maimakon BABAH mai kururuwa yaji wani BOOH mai takaici. Wata kasawa ce. Elser ba ainihin abin ɓoye ne ba. Sai kawai daga kwarewar mutum ya yarda cewa foda baya fashewa da zafi.

"Bullshit, ba tabbatacce ba ne," in ji Elser.

Ya zama dole ne a nemi karin zabuka masu karfi.

Ina ganin burin - ban ga wani cikas ba, taken Elser ne. Ya ci gaba da jayayya da shugaban kamfanin, inda daga nan ya yi aiki kuma ya sami damar shiga cikin ɓarna. A can, ba shakka, suna aiwatar da fashewa a koyaushe kuma abubuwan fashewa suna cikin yawa. Elser ya zama ɗan masaniya a cikin sabon wuri kuma ya fara fitar da samfurori masu fashewa da abubuwan ɓoye daga gare su daga shagon. Ta yaya za ku iya yin satar abubuwa masu fashewa a cikin mawuyacin hali a cikin Jamus, har ma a lokacin da ake da cikakken iko na iko Oh, cikakken aiki ne na musamman da ya cancanci James Bond. Duba a hankali: ba a tsare shagon ba, ba a kiyaye kayan, kuma Georg ya sami damar buɗe gidan da ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin makullin nasa. Duk

Elser ya gudanar da sababbin gwaje-gwaje kuma ya gamsu da ikon.

Yanzu ya wajaba don magance matsala mai zuwa. Elser ya san dole ne a boye bam din kafin hakan. Kafin jawabin Hitler, Gestapo zai rufe zauren sannan ya bincika kowane lungu. Don haka, kuna buƙatar aikin agogo. Elser ya sake sanya hannayensa na gwal ya kuma yi timer. Tare da Germanarfin Jamusanci: injin ɗin yana da bugun jini na gaggawa da tsarin buga sau uku.

Lokaci ya yi da za a fara kafuwa.

Elser ya koma Munich. Ya kalli mashaya kuma ya zaɓi kyakkyawan wuri - a bayan fagen, inda Hitler zai yi magana, a cikin sashin layi. Amma ta yaya za a sanya abubuwan fashewa a wurin? Lokaci don isar da sako. Kowace maraice, Georg yakan zo Burgerbroy, ya sha gilashin giya kuma ya yi rawa tare da 'yan matan. Sannan ya shiga bayan gida ya ɓoye a wurin. Ya jira har zauren rufe giya kuma duk ma'aikatan suka watse.

Georg ya cire kwalin katako na shafin sannan ya sanya kofa daga ciki domin rufe ayyukan ayyukan sa. A cikin cikakken duhu da shiru, yana durkusa na awanni, ya fara buɗa bakin ciki a cikin akwati. Da farko ya yi aiki da bututun kuma dole ne ya jira har sai lokacin atomatik a cikin bayan gida ya yi aiki ya nutsar da sautin ayyukan. Sannan Elser ya canza kayan aiki zuwa na'urar yin ruwa ta hannu kuma abubuwa sun tafi da sauri.

Ya yi aiki na sa'o'i da yawa a kowace rana, sannan kuma ya ɓoye, ya ɓaci, yana jira har yawancin baƙi suka zo suka bar kamar ba abin da ya faru.Lokacin da hutu ya yi yawa, sai ya fara gabatar da abubuwa a hankali a hankali. Watan da ba a dakatar da shi ba cikin dare yana ta kusantowa. Mataki na gaba shine shimfidar agogo. Elser ya tsayar da fashewar ne a 21-20 kuma ya rufe agogon don ba shi yiwuwa a ji kaska. A daren Nuwamba 7th zuwa 8th, ya kafa shafi tare da mai ba da izini a cikin motar tarho kuma ya rufe ƙofar a ƙarshe. Komai ya kasance shirye.

Da safe, Elser ya bar Burgerbroekeller a karo na ƙarshe. Ya tattara akwatinta ya tafi kan iyakar Switzerland da Switzerland. Da yamma, Gestapo ya tsabtace mashaya. Sun bincika kowane kusurwa kuma sun zazzage kowane bango, amma ba su sami kome ba. Shekarar tsayawa, zane-zane, aikin da ba shi da kuskure ya ƙare. Komai ya rushe cikin sa'a daya.

A maraice na Nuwamba 8, 1939, kusan mutane dubu biyu suka taru a cikin Burgerbroekeller Hall - kusan dukkanin tsoffin mayaƙan jam'iyyar Nazi. A 20-00 Hitler ya shiga zauren. Rabin sa'a kafin a shirya. Komai ya lalace saboda yanayin m. Hitler cikin sauri don dawowa Berlin ya wahala kuma ya gajarta magana. Yana karanta jawabi daga dutse, kuma a bayan bayan sa, mai kidayar yana ƙidaya minti na ƙarshe kafin fashewar. A 21-00, Hitler ya gama, ya ce wa sahihan magoya bayansa, ya yi ban kwana da zauren. Ya kasance 21-07.

Daidai minti goma sha uku daga baya, a 21-20 bam din da Elser ya fashe. Ya fashe wanda har layin ya tsage kuma rufin ya rushe. Mutane 8, farar hula daya da mambobi bakwai na jam'iyyar Nazi sun mutu, 60 sun ji rauni.

A daidai wannan sa'ar, kilomita ɗari huɗu daga Munich, Elser tare da akwati sun yi tafiya zuwa iyakar da Switzerland. Komai ya tafi bisa ga tsari kuma yana cikin kwanciyar hankali. Lokacin da ba zato ba tsammani sai mai kira ya yi kira ya nemi a daina. Koma bayan cinya cinya, an samo lamba ta "ja gaban" kusa da Elser kuma an tsare shi don bincike. Har yanzu dai Georg din ya tabbata cewa ba su ji komai ba game da fashewar abin a cikin masus. Sabili da haka babu wani dalili na kara yawan tsaro a tsakanin masu tsaron. Alas, ya soke a cike. Masu gadin kan iyaka sun gano wasu tarin kayan wuta a cikin tufafi mai aiki a cikin akwatunan Elzer. Wanda kawai ya manta ya jefa. An kama Georg.

Gestapo yayi sauri tare da juna kuma Elser bai kulle kansa ba. Bai yi kushe da kowa ba ko kadan, ko ta yaya suka nemi su fito da wata sanarwa daga gare shi cewa ya yi biyayya ga umarnin leken asirin kasashen waje, Elser ya tsaya kai da fata. Ya yi aiki shi kaɗai. Kuma baiyi mintuna 13 kacal ba.

An harbe Johann Georg Elser a sansanin Dachau a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1945th. Kwana ashirin kafin 'yanci sansanin da wata daya kafin karshen yakin.

A cikin shekara ta 39, yayin tambayoyi a cikin Gestapo, ga tambaya "me yasa kuka aikata hakan?", Elser ya amsa:

"Abinda kawai nake so shine in dakatar da yakin."

Memoryaukakiyar ƙwaƙwalwa, Herr Elser. Barci lafiya, an gama yaƙin.

Manyan shahararrun zane guda 10 a duniya a ranar 1 ga Afrilu

Ranar Maraice ta Afrilu hutu ne da akafi so ga yara da tsofaffi, wanda ake yi ranar 1 ga Afrilu a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya.

Daga zamanin da a wannan ranar al'ada ce a yi wasa da dangi, abokai, abokan aiki, abokan aiki, har ma baƙi. Kafofin watsa labarai ba su yarda da jita-jita ba Afrilu - a yau za ku iya tsammanin komai daga talabijin, rediyo, da manema labarai.

Yawancin zane sun riga sun fada cikin tarihi a matsayin mafi yawan masu son sani. Ina ba da shawarar tunawa da manyan shahararrun labaran karya 10 na Afrilu, wanda ɗan adam ya "saya".

Wataƙila sanannen shahararren karni na ƙarni na ƙarshe shine labarin BBC game da tarin ƙwayoyin spaghetti da ba a saba gani ba a Switzerland, wanda, a cewar rahoton, ya faru ne saboda sanyin-sawu mai laushi da lalata mummunan kwaro - ƙwaro na macaroni.

A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1957, an nuna masu kallon gidan talabijin na Burtaniya yadda manoma suka cire spaghetti daga bishiyoyi kuma suka bushe su a rana.

Bayan labarai, kiran da aka yi wa editan bai tsaya ba - masu kallo suna sha'awar yadda ake girma spaghetti a cikin bishiyoyi a gida. Abun sha'awar Birtaniyya ya kasance ingantacce - a cikin waɗannan shekarun, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun sayi spaghetti a gwangwani a cikin wani tsari da aka shirya.

A Sweden a shekarar 1962, kwararrun masana a kan tashoshin talabijin na bai daya suka ba masu kallo shawara kan yadda za su mai da talabijin mai launin fari da launin fari.

Yayi ikirarin cewa wani gidan talabijin na iya nuna launuka ta hanyar narkar da nalan na kan allo da kuma nuna yadda ake yin sa.

Daruruwan dubban 'yan ƙasar Sweden ne suka hadiye akwatin Fools na Afrilu. A zahiri, TVs masu launi a Sweden sun bayyana a 1970.

Canza lokaci lokaci

Gidan talabijin na Ostiraliya a 1975 ya sanar da masu kallo game da canji mai zuwa na Australiya zuwa ga lokaci mai lalacewa - tsarin wakilcin lokaci wanda ya danganta da ƙananan yanki na yau da kullun. Dangane da sabon tsarin, a cikin mintuna 100 na dakika, cikin awa daya cikin mintuna 100, kuma an raba ranar zuwa awowi 20 maimakon 24.

Firayim Minista na Kudancin Australia, Desmond Corcoran, wanda ya goyi bayan gabatar da lokaci na abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin, shi ma ya halarci wasan. Mazajen telebijin suma sun nuna zauren garin Adelaide tare da sabon agogo wanda ke nuna lokacin adadi.

Yawan kiran waya daga masu kallo da suka yi imani da wariyar rawa bai gushe ba. Misali, daya daga cikin masu kiran, ya kasance mai sha'awar yadda ake canza agogo da lantarki zuwa lokaci na abin yanka.

Mujallar Discover ta fada wa masu karatu a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1985 cewa masanin ilmin halitta dan kasar Italiya Pazzo ya gano tsutsotsin da ba su sani ba a Antarctica.

A cewar masanin, a jikin tsutsotsi akwai farantin kasusuwa wanda aka zafi zuwa zazzabi mai zafi kuma ya bar tsutsotsi suyi tafiya a karkashin kankara da sauri.

Labarin ya ba da rahoton cewa tsutsotsi suna farautar penguins kuma suna da hannu cikin ɓacewar ɓarna na mai binciken Antarctic Philip Poisson a cikin 1837.

Rashin hasumiyar eiffel

Bayani game da rushewar Hasumiyar Eiffel mai zuwa, wanda aka buga a jaridar Le Parisien ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1986 ya firgita Parisians.

Jaridar ta ruwaito cewa tuni gwamnatin kasar ta yanke shawarar tura tsarin zuwa kasar Faransa ta Disneyland, kuma za a gina filin wasa don wasannin na Olympics mai zuwa a tsohon wuri.

Jaridar The Guardian a shekarar 1987 ta ba da rahoton cewa masana kimiyya daga karamin birni garin Pershore sun kirkiri injin da zai iya sarrafa yanayi.

A cewar masana kimiyya, radius din wannan injin ya kai kilomita dubu biyar.

Labarin ya nuna cewa a sakamakon haka, Foggy Albion zai sami dogon lokacin bazara da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci, yayin da kasashen Turai zasu zama masu gamsuwa da abin da Pershore ya bar musu.

Wajen Nixon na uku

Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na kasa a cikin shirin 'Nation of Nation' ya gaya wa masu sauraronsa a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1992 cewa Richard Nixon, wanda ya yi murabus a 1974 sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa na tonon sililin Watergate, ya yi niyyar sake tsayawa takara.

Taken taken sabon yakin neman zaben sa ya kasance kamar haka: "Ban yi kuskure daya ba, kuma ba zan sa su a gaba ba." Labarin yana tare da rakodin jawabai na zaben Nixon.

Hankalin masu sauraro ya kasance mai hadari sosai - sun kawo karar kira a dakin kallo, suna nuna fushinsu da fushinsu. Sai kawai a tsakiyar shirin, mai gabatarwa ya ba da sanarwar cewa wannan labarin wani abin ba'a ne. Wani mawaƙi ya ba shi muryar Nixon.

Hukumar TASS ta Rasha a 1994 ta sanar da aniyar kamfanin kamfanin sayar da giya don fara samar da abin da ake kira "vodka sand" tare da kayan dandano uku - lemun tsami, kwakwa da gyada

Yakamata sandunan cikin gida suyi gasa da cakulan kasashen waje kamar su Mars da Snickers.

Kamfanin distillery, wanda ya yi niyyar samar da sandunan, ya kuma yi aiki don ƙirƙirar sacin kayayyakin "kullun" a cikin jaka.

Tumaki ne ke da alhakin dumamar yanayi a duniya

Masana kimiyyar New Zealand daga Cibiyar Climatoary Vliminary Climatology a 2007 sun sanar a ɗayan ɗayan jaridu na gida cewa an sauƙaƙe dumamar duniya ta rage raguna, maimakon tara tarin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayin.

Masana kimiyya sun yi da'awar cewa raguna farar fata ne, suna haskaka hasken rana sosai, suna hana duniya dumama.Kuma kadan daga gare su, daidai gwargwado a Duniya.

BBC ta jefa wani "duck" a cikin nau'in fuskokin penguins ga masu kallo a 2008. Rahoton bidiyon ya ba da labarin wata nau'in tsuntsayen da ba a san su ba a baya.

Masana kimiyya daga sanannen Mu'ujizar Tsarin Juyin Halitta sun nuna yadda penguins, tare da flaan haske ga fikafikan fikafikan su, ke tashi sama.

Dangane da rahoton, ba a cire penguins din ba, su ma sun tafi daga yanayin sanyi na Antarctic - zuwa ga dazuzzukan Amazon don dumama fikafikan su a rana.

Gaskiyar cewa penguins ba ya tashi sanannu ne ga kowa da kowa - suna kawai tsalle mai ban dariya, suna buɗe fikafikan fikafikansu. Lokacin ƙirƙirar bidiyon, mun yi amfani da harbi na penguins na gaske a Antarctica, kuma an ƙirƙira wannan makircin ta amfani da zane-zanen kwamfuta.

Abubuwan da aka shirya daga ƙungiyar bayani

Jarumai ba daga masu ban dariya ba. Yadda Caan Jamusawa suka ɗauki Sabuwar Sabuwar Soviet tsawon watanni 5

A cikin kundin Turanci na sabis na musamman na karni na 20, an san Soviet DRG "Jack" a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙarni na duka. A yayin fafutukar wata-wata, 'yan kwana-kwana sun mutu a cikin mawuyacin hali, sun busa kansu da gurneti, kuma wadanda suka tsira suna ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin.

Ba kamar fim bane

Daga cikin fina-finan, mun san cewa gungun 'yan sabo-leken asiri ne hadin gwiwar magance ta'addanci wanda ke samun horo sosai kafin manufa. A zahiri, wannan ba haka bane. Daya daga cikin maharan da suka tsira daga harin, Gennady Yushkevich ya tuno cewa kafin su tashi daga baya ba su san sunayen juna ba. An tabbatar da shi kuma an tattara shi. An kafa DRGs ne a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1944, sannan aka jefa su cikin rukunin Jamusawa a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1944.

Masu sabo ba sa suturar Soviet ko ta Jamusawa, amma cikin sutturar farar hula. Jackers sun sami labarin jirgin sama ne kawai ya jefa su zuwa Gabashin Prussia. Kwamandan yan sanda, Leieutenant Pavel Krylaty, mai shekaru 27, tare da alamar kira "Jack", an umurce shi da tattara bayanai game da tura sojojin abokan gaba, kasancewar layin kare kai da kuma shirye-shiryen Jamusawa don gudanar da yakin sunadarai.

Wasungiyar za ta zama "idanu" ta 3 ta Belorussian Front a cikin hari mai zuwa a Gabashin Prussia. Don sadarwa tare da "cibiyar" a cikin wurin binciken an kasance da maganganu biyu na safiya da kuma ma'aikatan rediyo - tsohuwar mai shekaru 23 Anna "Lebed" Morozova da foreman Zinaida "Jay" Bardysheva, wadanda suka cika shekaru 20 da haihuwa.

A cikin duka, akwai mayaƙan 10 a cikin DRG. Mafi tsufa shine shekaru 29, kuma ƙarami shine shekaru 16. A cikin sabis akwai bindigogi masu amfani da bindigogi shida na PPSh guda biyu da diski biyu a gare su, bindigogi 9 TT, wuƙa-finca, gurnetin, mahaka ma'adanan, komfutoci, binocular, taswirar yankin don 1914. Abincin abinci ya ƙunshi kilogiram 25. gari, maida hankali, sito, man alade da kilogram uku na shag.

A daren Yuli 27-28, 1944, DRG ta sauka a cikin wani dazuzzuka daji kusa da ƙauyen Lauknen (Gromovo, gundumar Slavsky). Rashin farko ya faru a cikin rana. Dzhekovets ya haye gada kan kogin Parve (Meadow). Masu gadin sansanin Hohenbruch sun hango masu sabo. Jamusawa sun harba wasu buan kulle-kulle ba da izini ba. Wani harsashi mai fadi ya fada zuciyar Kyaftin Winged. “Jack” ya mutu a daidai lokacin da mukamin, kuma shugabana mai shekaru 24 Nikolai “Hedgehog” Shpakov ya karɓi wannan umarnin.

Jamusawa suka yi ta harbi, amma kungiyar ta fita daga cikin “akwatin” wanda ke gab da rufewa. A cikin watan Agusta da Satumba, sun leka kurmi na Prussian kuma suna kallon zirga-zirgar jirgin kasa a kan hanyar Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad) - Tilsit (Sovetsk). Ana yada bayanai game da adadin kekunan da kekunan da sojoji zuwa “cibiyar” sau uku a rana. Bayan kowace sadarwar rediyo, mayakan sun canza matsayinsu.

"Hakanan zai kasance da kowanenku"

Duk wannan lokacin sun tsayar da kwanton bauna, suka dauki “harsuna”, sun fita daga ciki, suna kora daga matsanancin "Fritz". Daga cikin makiyayan Jamus sun yi ruwan sama mai yawan gaske, sigari, wanda ya rushe rami da kuma lalata abubuwa. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Agusta, an zubar da ƙarin ammonium, tanadi, da tufafi masu ɗumi akan Dzhekovites. A daren 10, Satumba 10, a can nesa suka ji karar kararrawa masu kararrawa da Jamusawa ke amfani da shi wajen tsara motsin sarƙoƙi da ke cikin kurmi.

A cikin yaƙin mutum, ɗan shekaru 29 Joseph Zvarika wanda ya kira alamar "Walrus" ya mutu.A cikin bayanan rediyo, Nikolai Shpakov ya ba da rahoton cewa saboda yawan adadin sarƙoƙi na abokan gaba, ƙungiyar ta rabu da muhalli a cikin ƙananan rukuni. A safiyar ranar 11 ga Satumbar, 'yan Nazi sun ga Zvirik kuma suna so su ɗauke shi da rai. "Walrus" an harbe shi baya kuma ya ja Jamusawan. Aka kashe shi a yaƙi. Daga baya, Dzhekovets ta gano gawawwakin azabtar da abokin ta. Jamusawa sun rataye wata alama a wuyansa tare da rubutu: "Hakanan zai kasance ga kowane ɗayanku!"

Sauran rukunin sun ci gaba da aikin. Godiya ga sadarwar rediyo, Dzhekovets ya kafa lamba tare da mayaƙa daga rukunin ɓarna "Maxim" da "Orion". Sau da yawa sun haɗa kai don kai hari kan maƙasudan Jamus. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, tawagar "Jack" ta fada cikin wani maharan. Kwamandan Shpakov ya ɓace a cikin harbi. Ya juya cewa ya ji rauni ya harbe kansa.

A wannan ranar, mai fassara kungiyar, Napoleon Ridevsky mai shekaru 24, ya daga kafada. Umarnin ya karɓi Red Army Ivan "Mole" Melnikov, wanda ya cika shekaru 24 da haihuwa. Ya raba kungiyar zuwa kashi biyu. Melnikov, mai aikin rediyo guda biyu, 'yan wasa Ivan Ovcharov (dan shekara 26) da Ivan Tselikov (dan shekara 22) sun sami nasara. A wannan lokacin, Gennady mai shekaru 16 "Orel" Yushkevich ya kamata ya aiwatar da Ridevsky da ya ji rauni.

Yushkevich da Ridevsky sun kasa haɗa kai tare da babban ɗakin binciken. Iyayensu za su sami ceto ta hanyar dangin nan mai fafatukar fada a cikin watan Agusta August Schillat. Har ya zuwa watan Janairun 1945, manoma sun ɓoye ɓarnar Soviet a cikin gonar su Minkhelwald. Ragowar DRG sun tashi zuwa Velau (kauyen Znamensk). A daren 1 ga Oktoba, sun jefar da kayan kwalliyar abinci, ammonium da oda don sa ido da watsa bayanai kan canja wurin sojojin Jamusawa a kan babbar hanyar Insterburg-Nordenburg.

A daren Nuwamba 11, wani sabon kwamandan ya shiga cikin Dzekovets - Shugaban kungiyar Anatoly mai shekaru 22 "Gladiator" Morzhin, kuma a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, an kashe jami'in leken asiri Ivan Ovcharov. A yayin fafatawar a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, an datse mayakin Ivan Tselikov daga Dzhekovets kuma ya shiga rukunin Maxim. Yayi gwagwarmaya har zuwa Fabrairu 1945 kuma ana zargin ya mutu a 1999.

A cikin watannin hare-hare da yaƙe-yaƙe, Jacks bai taɓa yin kashe wuta ba kuma yana tafiyar kilomita 20 a rana. Morzhin ya aika da umarnin a hoto mai hoto: “... Waɗannan ba mutane bane, amma inuwa ce. A cikin 'yan makonnin nan, sun fara fama da yunwa, sanyi da sanyi a cikin kayansu na bazara har ya zuwa yanzu ba su da karfin rike bindiga. ”

Gladiator ya nemi izinin dakatar da aikin kuma ya tsallaka zuwa Poland. "Cibiyar" - an yarda. Mayakan sun tsira daga jerin hare-hare guda goma, kuma a ranar 27 ga Disamba an fatattaki kungiyar. Zinaida "Jay" Bardysheva ta ji rauni kuma ta harbi kanta, Ivan "Mole" Melnikov ya mutu a yayin zanga-zangar. Lieutenant Morzhin ya ɓace a cikin wannan yaƙin. A cewar rahotannin da ba a tabbatar ba, an kama shi, bayan yakin na SMERSH ya sake fada.

Anna Swan Morozova ne kawai ya sami damar tserewa daga azabar. Ta ceci mawaka-talkie, kuma a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1944, ta ba da labari ga “cibiyar” cikakkun bayanai game da yakin da ya gabata da kuma kalmomin mutuwa na Zinaida Bardysheva: “Ku gaya wa mahaifiya. Ta yi iya ƙoƙarinta, ta mutu lafiya. ” Ma'aikacin gidan rediyo Morozova ya mutu washegari. Da zarar an kewaye ta, sai ta rurrushe tauraron masu daukar kwayar cutar kuma ta busa kanta da gurneti.

Yushkevich da Ridevsky sun jira isowar Sojojin Sama kuma sun faɗi a fagen hangen nesa na SMERSH. Tsohon soja yana zaune a Minsk ya ce bai son zuwa makaranta a ranar 9 ga Mayu ba. Yaki na gaske zalunci ne, kuma baya son ya yiwa yara karya.

Game da abubuwan da ba a warware ba kuma ba a warware surar tsohuwar wayewar Mayan ba. (Kadan bai yi daidai ba, yana karewa a cikin bayanan)

Abin da muke gani shi ne abin da muke tsammanin gani, ko dai abin da ya faru ne na halitta ko aikin hannun mutum. Wannan magana mafi yawanci gaskiya ce dangane da abubuwanda suka samo asali yayin da sabbin bayanai suka sanya tsoffin binciken suka bayyana cikin hasken da babu tsammani. Misali, tsohuwar garin Mayan, Machu Picchu, da ke gabar Yucatan ta kasar Mexico, wuri ne da masana kimiyya suka yi nazari a kai a kai.

Koyaya, Machu Picchu har yanzu yana da sirri da yawa. Ofayansu shine inuwa mai ban mamaki da tsohuwar kwarjinin ta jefa.

A lokacin bazara da damina, lokacin da rana ta tashi daga gabas zuwa yamma, haske yakan taka rawa a kusurwar arewa maso gabas na dala Kukulkan ta hanyar da ake kirkirar wani sabon salo. Hasken rana yana aiwatar da inuwa daga sasannin dala a kan iyakar arewa maso gabas na matattakalar bene.

Na gani ya haifar da tasirin gaskiyar cewa inuwar kamar wata katuwar maciji a hankali tana sauka daga matakalar. Wannan sabon abu na haske da inuwa yana daidai tsawon awanni uku da minti ashirin da biyu. Wannan sabon abu alama ce ta canjin yanayi.

Tsohon garin Mayan shine Machu Picchu.

Dubun-dubatar masu yawon bude ido suna taruwa a can duk shekara don shaida wannan taron. Wannan sabon abu mai ban mamaki yana kawo mutane cikin halin al'umma yayin da suka haɗu da wani abu wanda ya wuce lokaci da al'ada. A zamanin yau, lokacin da irin wannan ci gaba a cikin kimiyya da fasaha, komai ya canza da sauri, irin waɗannan abubuwan suna ba mutane sha'awa.

Ta yaya mutanen zamanin da za su kirkiro wani abu mai kyan gani da ɗaukaka ba tare da hanyoyin fasaha na zamani ba. Bayan haka, masu magina sun yi kuskure kawai ta wani ƙaramin digiri - irin wannan tasirin ba zai yiwu ba!

Garin yana burgewa da kyan tsarin gine-ginensa.

Kuma wannan shine ɗayan inuwa na Chichen Itza. Akwai wasu da yawa masu alaƙa da manyan gidaje da sakandare. An shirya tsohon birni a matsayin cibiyar duniya, inda Kukulkan ya kasance a tsakiyar ma'anar layi huɗu - maki masu kima. Pyramid na gidan ibada yana da ƙasan tarihi a tsakiyar lokaci da sarari. An gina sasanninta na wannan ginin a wannan hanyar da ke sanya Kukulkan ya kasance lambar kiran hasken rana.

Yawancin asirin rayuwar Mayan mai ban mamaki har yanzu ba a gano su ba.

Sunan allahntaka shi ne Quetzalcoatl, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "macijin maciji mai jan ciki." Shaidun archaeological sun nuna cewa akidar maciji mai fishi ya bazu yayin Late Maya, har zuwa karni na 10, a cikin Mesoamerica.

An yi imani da cewa Kukulkan shine Dutsen Halittu, tare da kai da bakin macijin fuka-fukai. Gabaɗaya, alamar maciji ta yaɗu cikin zane-zane da zane-zanen bango na gidan Mayan. Macijin da ya zubar da fatarsa ​​alama ce ta sabuntawa da rayuwa.

Pyramid ɗin Kukulkan ya taka rawar kalandar a cikin Maya, ko aƙalla ƙasan tsarin kalanda an aza shi a kan tushen dala. Kowane ɗayan bangarorin 52 na haikalin dala suna ƙunshe cikin matakai tara na farfajiyar daidai yake da adadin shekarun cikin kalandar Mayan da Toltec.

Matakan tara na dala suna tunatar da matakai tara ne ga Shibalba. Da farko dai, dala Kukulkan kayan aiki ne wanda aka sadaukar da kai ga gumakan halitta da kuma rawar da suke takawa a madadin dare da rana, har ma da rayuwa da mutuwa.

Wataƙila gari yana girmi yadda aka saba yi.

Babban kofa a saman dala yana buɗewa arewa. Matakai huɗu da suke hawa zuwa ginin, ɗaya a kowane gefe, suna da matakai 91 kowannensu, wanda yake daidai da matakai 364, wanda a saman shine kwanaki 365 na rana, haaba, a Maya.

Matakalar arewa ita ce babbar hanyar alfarma, kuma tana kan shingen arewa maso gabas ne rana take fitar da inuwa.

Duk abin da aka gina daidai ne da ɓacewar wani ɓangaren digiri ba zai ba da irin wannan tasirin ba.

Babban filin da ke kusa da El Castillo a garesu hudu ɓangare ne na hoton Ruwan Kogin Halittu, wanda a cewar al'adar Mayan, duk rayuwa ta fara ne a farkon lokaci. Yankin arewa wanda murabba'un da Kukulkan ke kasancewa shine ma wuraren babban bikin.

Bayan shi babbar bango na kwanyar - kamfaninleyley. A kan tsayawar kawukan kwano, an gina ginin katako a bisa tsarin dutse, mai kama da sikeli, wanda aka ɗaruruwan daruruwan kwano, wanda aka miƙa hadaya ga gumakan Mayan da ke jini, mutane.

A ciki, an gano wani kogo inda kayan aciki na zamanin da ke zuwa zuwa Toltecs aka gano.

A gefen gabas na farfajiyar babban filin gidan Warrior da farfajiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a yamma.Wannan rukunin yanar gizon yana da matukar mahimmanci ga Mayans - an gudanar da wasannin al'ada a can. Dangane da abin da suka yi imani da shi, mutane da abubuwan bautar gumaka sun yi yaƙi don ɗaukaka a cikin ainihin duniyar.

Wannan ya nuna gwagwarmayar rayuwa tare da mutuwa. Maya ma sun yi imani da cewa rana ba ta faɗi ba, amma ta ci gaba da tafiya, kamar “baƙar rana” da dare a cikin lamuran sararin samaniya, don ta zama sanannen sanyin safiya.

Kursiyin babban firist a kamannin jaguar.

A arewacin Kukulkan, akwai wani sabon tsari mai ban sha'awa - cenote. Wannan rijiya ce mai tsabta na hoto mai kyau, kyakkyawa sosai a girma. Hanya madaidaiciya tana kaiwa ga rijiyar. A cikin Maya, ana amfani da cenote a cikin bikin hadaya. A can, waɗanda aka shafa sun tsarkaka, kuma ban da, yakamata su zama mafi kyawun wakilan kabila.

Waɗannan mutane ne a cikin Firayimsu, ƙarami, ba masu raɗaɗi ba, ba guragu ba. Don Chaak, allahn ruwan sama da aradu, mafi kyau, don ba zai karɓi wani abu kaɗan ba.

Dukkanin tattalin arziƙin tattalin arziƙin al'ummomin Mayan na zamanin da ya ta'allaka ne akan aikin gona. A cikin wadatattun wurare - waɗannan sune yanayi mai amfani biyu. Saboda haka tsarin imani na Mayan da ƙungiyar addini, waɗanda ke bin ka'idodinsu na lokaci da kullun yau da kullun tare da yanayi. Abubuwan alloli da abubuwan bauta daga yanayinsu sune waɗanda ke iko da ƙarfin yanayi: rana, ruwan sama da duniyar shuka.

Anan, waɗanda za a miƙa hadaya an wanke su.

Addininsu ya ba da bayanin halittar sararin samaniya ta alloli, waɗanda, bayan ƙoƙari uku waɗanda ba su ci nasara ba, suka sami damar ƙirƙirar mutum daga kullu masara. Da farko dai, an yi imani da cewa a lokaci guda da alloli, magabatan sun dauki nauyin kowane mataki na mutum da dangi a rayuwar yau da kullun.

Macijin, wanda hotunanta da gumaka suka cika Chichen Itza, ba wai kawai hoto na dabba bane. Don Maya, wannan wani nau'in misali ne. Bayan haka, jikin maciji, lokacin da yake motsawa, yana daidai da puffs hayaki bayan sadaukar da kai daga membobin manyan mutane ko firist.

Bayan zubar jini, jinin ɗan adam ya faɗi a kan mayuka, wanda a lokacin aka ƙone shi. An yi imanin cewa hayaki mai sa haya yana ɗauke da addu'o'in mai nema zuwa ga magabata da alloli, suna neman ja-gorarsu don su sake rayuwa wata rana a wannan duniyar mai haɗari. Hayaƙin da yake kama da maciji ya kasance wata tunatarwa game da canji da rashin tabbas a rayuwa.

Yanayin yanayi mara kyau yana da mahimmanci - wannan yana nuna kyakkyawan girbi.

Shuka da kuma girbi sune manyan damuwar rayuwar al'ummomin yau da kullun. Saboda haka, yanayin yanayi mai kyau da ruwan sama sun kasance masu mahimmanci. Bayan haka, sakamakon mummunan girbi: yunwar, mutuwa, da dawowar wahala da tsoro.

Babban zurfin rufin asiri na milpero (manomi) tare da masara, ba kawai amfani da shi azaman hanyar wadata da wadata ba, har yanzu hanya ce ta rayuwa gaba ɗaya zuwa sabon tsari

Mafi kyawun wakilan al'umma sun sadaukar da kansu da son rai.

A farfajiyar gidan ibada na ciki, an sami wurin zama a hanyar jan jaguar, wanda zai iya zama matsayin kursiyin babban firist. A kujerar akwai faifan murfin murfin katako mai faifai. Jaguar mai launin ja ne, haƙoran an yi su ne da ƙaya, idanu da aibobi akan jikin an yi su ne da ƙananan fayafai na fito.

Tsakiyar tafkin china

Kogon, wanda ake kira Maya Balamku ko "Allah Jaguar", wani fanni ne na inuwar Chichen Itza, ba a san sunan tsohuwar ta ba. Jaguar shi ne asalin labarin tarihi a cikin Meso-American da sauran tatsuniyoyi na Amurka, saboda imani da iyawar dabba ya shiga da fita daga cikin lamuran da ake so.

An gano tukunyar Mayan a cikin zurfin sassan Balamku wanda ya zo farkon isowa na Toltecs - garin na iya girmi fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Wannan muhimmin binciken zai taimaka babu shakka zai sake rubuta tarihin Chichen Itza.

Bango na kwanyar ciki a cikin Chichen Itza.

Fauna Movile fauna: Yadda ake zama a keɓe a cikin shekaru 500 dubu

A yau, mutane da yawa suna cikin yanayin ware kansu: mutane da yawa suna juyawa zuwa aikin nesa da horo, wani yana ta hanin tara abinci da kayayyaki don duk lokatai. Yawancin wannan fargaba da son rai sun sake yin baƙin ciki.Amma akwai mutane da suka rayu cikin farin ciki koyaushe bayan warewa cikin shekaru dubu 500. Kuma wataƙila ma har fiye da mu.

A shekara ta 1986, wata ƙungiya daga magina Romania, da ba ta da nisa daga Transylvania ba da gangan ta sami wani kogo mai zurfin zurfin a cikin mita 25. Abokin gida ɗaya yana nazarin kogon yanayi (rami) Kristjan Lasku nan da nan ya yi farin ciki da sabon salo a cikin ƙasa. Masanin kimiyyar ya nutsar da kansa a cikin aiki. A zahiri. Anzo cikin kogon da kayan masarufi tare da tafiya ta cikin rami har sai da ta kai ɗakin ƙasa, ya zo bakin teku.

A kallon farko - ramin nassin dutse tare da wani yanki na 1200 m². Bugu da ƙari, yana da ƙanshi da shaƙewa, saboda akwai ƙarancin oxygen, amma akwai hydrogen sulfide da ammonia da yawa. Amma Kristiana yana jiran lada don wahala - gano wani sabon sararin samaniya! Ya sami nau'ikan dabbobi 33!

Kunama, kunama, tsutsotsi, milipedes, da kuma wasu halittun da basu dace ba - duk sun rayu cikin yanayin wuta ba tare da sadarwa tare da duniyar waje ba har tsawon mil a cikin wani kogo da ake kira Movil!

Amma ba don kansu ba ne waɗannan kwari ke kwaikwayon kansu a ƙarƙashin tsararrakin mita da ƙasa daga turɓayar ƙasa da yumbu don ɓoye daga kamuwa da cutar ta ƙasa ko cuta ta ƙasa, dama? Tabbas ba haka bane. Babu wanda ya tambaye su game da irin wannan halin. Shekaru miliyan 5 da suka shude, duk wannan brethrenan uwan ​​marasa galihu sun rataye cikin ƙasa na tsaunin da ya mamaye Turai ta zamani. Buzz ya fasa girgizar ƙasar. Saboda ita, wani katon dutsen da ke cikin dutse ya hau zuwa cikin duniyan duniya, yana dauke da tsutsotsi da dama da yawa.

Ba a ɗauke su cikin damuwa ba, an daidaita su da ci gaba da rayuwarsu, duk da cewa matakan da ke kusa da gidan wuta. A waɗancan shekarun gemu, har yanzu suna da damar samun shiga haske. Amma shekaru dubu 500 da suka shude, yumɓu ya zame jikin dutsen da ke ƙasa. Ta binne duk dabbobin da ke ƙarƙashinta.

Amma invertebrates bai ma yi tunanin mutuwa ba! Bayan sun numfasa a cikin hydrogen sulfide da methane, sun fito da wata dabara mai haske - don kirkirar namu, tsabtace muhalli! A ƙarshe, akwai dumama a cikin wannan rami - godiya ga maɓuɓɓugar zafi na yau da kullun a cikin kogo shine digiri 21, 'yan uwan ​​rashin sa'a don kiwo shima ya rushe, menene kuma ake buƙata don nasarar juyin halitta?

Don farawa, dabbobin sun daidaita da farar duhu. Idan sun yi barazanar kashe wutar, to a cikin keɓancewa zaka iya biyan gidaje da sabis na jama'a a yanar gizo. Kuma milipedes ba zai iya yin irin wannan dabara ba tare da dawowar hasken rana. Sabili da haka, sun girma jijiya - na'urar da ke maye gurbin idanunsu. Godiya gareshi, halittun karkashin kasa suna hango duniya ta hanyar girgiza iska.

Ko da mazaunan karkara sun tsara jerin abincinsu - buckwheat, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, basu da lokacin da zasu tara. Mafi ƙarancin hanyar haɗin abincin abinci na Movil shine ƙwayoyin cuta na autotrophic. Kamar tsire-tsire, suna juya ma'adanai su zama kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda su da kansu suke ci. Amma idan tsire-tsire na ƙasa suna buƙatar ƙarfin rana don wannan sihiri, to, analogues na gida, an hana shi wannan farin ciki, yi amfani da hydrogen sulfide, wanda ke da yawa a cikin kogo.

Hanyoyin fungi waɗanda ke rufe ganuwar ƙwayar murcophagus suna ciyar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma su, bi da bi, ƙananan biranen '' herbivorous '' gida, ƙamshin itace, lice itace da kunama na karya. Sakamakon haka, duk wannan yar tsana-tsinar tana cikin mahaifar milipedes, gizo-gizo, ɓawon burodi, katantanwa da lemo.

Ina tsammanin ba za ku yi mamaki ba idan na ce duk wannan tsohuwar tsohuwar idyll za ta iya hallaka cikin lokaci guda ta gaban mutum. Tsarin numfashi na malamin Speleologist-Diver Lasku tuni ya fusata daidaituwar abubuwan gas a cikin kogon. Hatta ga masana kimiyya, ana ba da izinin shiga na sa'o'i 2 kawai, sau 2 a wata don masu bincike uku a cikin kararrakin iska.

Don haka, abokai, ware kai ba magana ba ce. Haka kuma, dabbobin Movilka Cave gaba ɗaya ba za su so su sadu da duniyar waje ba, za su rayu cikin ban mamaki ba tare da coronavirus ba. tushe

Haihuwar hanci mai haɓaka. Wannan motar ba ta yi nasara kokawa guda ba, amma har abada ta canza fuskar Formula 1

A cikin 1989, masu zanen kaya Harvey Postlethwaite da Jean-Claude Mizhot, waɗanda suka bar Ferrari, sun fara aiki a ƙungiyar Ken Tyrrel.Sakamakon ayyukansu a cikin sabon wuri shine samfurin 019. Wannan motar an bambanta ta hanyar mafita mai ban mamaki ga daidaiton hanci. Nan ba da dadewa ba dukkanin masu halarta a F1 za su kwaikwayi hanci.

Wata sabuwar doka mai cike da rikice-rikice, canjin zuwa wanda aka sanya kwanan nan zuwa 2022, za ta canza yadda aka saba da motoci na Formula 1. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, za a sake haɗa fikafikan gaba na kai tsaye zuwa daidaiton hanci ba tare da wani pylons ba. Ga masu sha'awar gogewa, wannan tabbas zai tunatar da zane-zane na marigayi 80s da farkon 90s.

Amma daga ra'ayi na masana kwararru a cikin fadada yanayi, wannan na nufin asarar ingantaccen kayan aiki. Designirƙirar, wacce za a dakatar da ita a 2022, ta sami damar samar da ƙasa ta hanyar barin iska ta sauka a ƙarƙashin injin injin ɗin.

An fara amfani da wannan dabarar ne a shekarar 1990. A wannan lokacin ne ƙungiyar Tyrrell ta shirya samfurin 019, wanda aka yi sharhi a mataki na uku na gasar Imola. Wannan motar ba ta kawo babban nasara ba - ban da sakamakon na biyu na Jean Alesi a Monaco, komai yana da iyaka ga 'yan karewa a matsayi na shida.

Amma a nan manufar da aka sa a ciki ta sanya tsarin ci gaba na Tsarin 1 na shekaru da yawa masu zuwa. Wannan shine mazugi hanci. A cikin F1, ya karbi sunan barkwanci "hanci mai haushi."

Harvey Postlethwaite da Jean-Claude Mizhot sun bar Maranello bayan mutuwar Enzo Ferrari - sabbin shugabannin kungiyar sun yanke shawarar sabunta ma'aikatan. Dukansu sun tattara ra'ayoyi da yawa masu ban sha'awa yayin aikinsu na Scuderia wanda ba za a iya gane shi ba saboda ƙwaƙwalwar Ferrari.

Kamar yadda Mijo ya tuna, tunani na farko game da ikon ɗaga "hanci" motar motar ta zo masa yayin da yake aiki a Renault. Sannan ko da gudanar da gwaji.

“Da alama wannan ita ce ra'ayin karshe da na gwada a Renault,” in ji mai zanen. - Wancan ya kasance a cikin 1985. Mun yanke babban katako a kasan monocoque - kuma mun sami ɗan cigaba har ma a cikin wannan mummunan rami na iska, wanda har yanzu ba zan iya mantawa ba. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba an rufe ƙungiyar, kuma dole ne in nemi wani aiki. "

Mizhau ya ci gaba da cewa: “A wancan lokacin, ba a san sunana ga kowa. Abin mamaki, Na sami kira daga Ferrari. A wurin, na sadu da Harvey Postlethwaite. Bayan haka, mun yi aiki tare na kyakkyawar shekaru goma, tare da canza kungiyoyi da yawa. ”

Lokacin da injiniyoyi biyu suka bar Scuderia kuma sun koma cikin tushen Tyrrell, wanda ke cikin tsohuwar tashar debank na Surrey (samar da mai da sayarwa shine kasuwancin Ken da 'yan uwansa a cikin shekarun bayan yakin), matakin farko shine haɓaka samfurin 018 don kakar 89.

Masu zanen sun yanke shawarar yin gini a kan zane-zanen shasshan, wadanda ke aiki kafin su bar Ferrari. Sun sauƙaƙe shi, sun sa shi ya fi sauƙi, kuma sun canza dakatarwar gaban.

Sakamakon ya kasance kyakkyawa: a cikin Mexico, Michele Albereto ya gama na uku, ya kawo ƙungiyar ta farko itace tun 1983 (lokacin da shi da kansa ya ci nasara a Detroit). Bugu da kari, kwarewar matukin jirgin Italiya ya kasance kyakkyawan taimako ga ci gaban injin.

Gaskiya ne, ba da daɗewa ba dole ne a kori Michele - Tyrrel ya gayyaci wani tauraro mai tasowa mai suna Jean Alesi ga ƙungiyar sa daidai lokacin kakar. Baya ga saurin, shugaba na 3000 na zamani yana da tallafi daga girar R.J. Reynolds - Alamar kamel ta bayyana akan motar.

Bafaransheen ya gama tseren farko a na huɗu, kuma a Surrey, a halin yanzu, an riga an fara aiki akan ƙira 019. endarshen ƙarshensa ya kasance kusan canzawa, amma gaba ...

Daga farkon, Mijo da Postlethwaite sunyi aiki ta amfani da bayanai daga rami na iska, sun yarda da Jami'ar Southampton. Amma a cikin shekarar farko, lokacin gwaje-gwajen bai zo ba tukuna. Amma lokacin ƙirƙirar 019, Jean-Claude ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da manufar inganta hanci hanci, wanda ya buɗe hanya kai tsaye zuwa sararin sama.

"Jean [Alesi] nan da nan ya sami harshen gama gari tare da 018," in ji Mizhot. - Wannan ya zama wata hujja a gare mu a kan yarda da cewa muna yin komai yadda ya kamata.

Na jira tsawon shekara guda don damar busa ƙirar tare da babban hanci a cikin bututu. Amma a sakamakon haka, komai kusan ya fadi, saboda yana buƙatar wasu abubuwa masu gaggawa da za a bincika. A ƙarshe, duk ya zo wurin Ken, wanda bai yi farin ciki ba: “Duba, kai Bafaranshe ne mai wayo, Ba zan biya ka ka yi komai wawanci ba. Menene wannan abin da na gani a cikin bitar? ”

Zan iya amsa kawai: "Don Allah, a ɗan yi haƙuri, muna son gwada komai a cikin sati mai zuwa." Muna da tabbatacciyar gaba, kuma sashin farko na reshe yana kama da wanda aka yi a Benetton bayan shekara guda - tare da tsayayyen pylons, wanda ya kasance mai sauƙi.

Amma a ƙarshe, har yanzu mun ƙudura akan biran dilan ɗin. Ba su bayar da wata riba ba, an zaɓi zaɓi don dalilai na ado.

Da farko, har yanzu muna da tsinkaye a tsakanin pylons. Sau ɗaya a cikin hunturu, muna ƙoƙarin yin watsi da shi kuma nan da nan mun sami ƙaruwa mai girma. Downforce ya karu sosai, sai nace: "Da alama wani abu ya fashe a bututun. Bari mu bincika komai. ” Amma duk abin da ke cikin cikakken tsari. Madadin matsaloli, mun sami babbar nasara.

Ina tsammanin idan ban yi aiki da Harvey ba, amma tare da kowane babban zanen, zai kira ra'ayin don ɗaga kafafun mahaukata hauka ne gabaɗaya. Bayan haka, yana motsa tsakiyar taro, chassis yana ƙaruwa kuma duk hakan. Za a gaya min kawai in jefa wannan a kai na. Amma Harvey ya amsa cewa idan akwai sakamako a cikin bututun, to lallai kuna buƙatar bincika hanya. "

Daga baya, yayin gabatar da motar, Postltwaite da kansa ya tsaya a kan reshen motar motar don nuna ƙarfinsa - jita-jita game da rashin ƙarfi na tsarin ya zo bayan fashewa a farkon da'irar gwajin sauri a Silverstone.

Bugu da kari, an rarraba mai raba (gaban kasan sashin a karkashin gaskiya) don kar ya keta dokokin FIA akan geometry na kasan. Daga baya, an fara amfani da irin wannan dabarar a cikin wasu kungiyoyi waɗanda suka karɓi ra'ayin Tyrrell.

Sabuwar motar da aka bita kawai a cikin mataki na uku na kakar-90. Gaskiya ne, tun kafin wannan, sauran ƙungiyar Alesi sun yi amo da yawa lokacin da, a ƙarshen tsohuwar 018, ya kasance jagora a cikin Phoenix na Amurka na dogon lokaci. Babban titin birni tare da jinkiri da yawa yana rama don rauni na injin din Ford. Sai kawai bayan gwagwarmaya mai zafi, Bafaransheen ya rasa Ayrton Senna a McLaren, ya lashe kofin kyauta na farko a cikin aikinsa.

Gasar farko 019 ta sami nasara kuma: in Imola, Jean ya fara na bakwai kuma ya gama na shida. Mataki na gaba shine mataki akan wani jinkirin waƙa a Monaco.

Godiya ga ingantaccen iska da dakatarwar gaba, Alesi zai iya sarrafa injin sosai, wanda ya bashi damar zama na uku a cikin cancantar, kuma a tsere, kamar yadda yake a Phoenix, don samar da kawai ga Senna.

Tsarin dakatarwa tare da ɗauka na girgiza guda ɗaya ba shine mafi kyawun juyawa ba, amma a cikin jinkirin sassan yana yiwuwa ya jagoranci motar da madaidaicin daidaito. Wannan ya zo daidai da tsarin tuki na Bafaransheen, wanda har zuwa ƙarshen aikinsa ya fi son wannan halin motoci.

Amma abin da ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa a gaban dakatarwar Tyrrell an sake samun wata hanyar sake fasalin da har ma shugabannin F1 daga Williams suka gabatar da shekaru biyu kacal daga baya - akan kyawun surar FW14B.

"Ina tsammanin babu wanda ya san wannan kwata-kwata," in ji Jean-Claude Mizhot. - Ya kasance tun kafin bayyanar dakatarwar aiki. A gaban motar namu wani aikin lantarki ne wanda ya baiwa mahaya damar tayarwa ko runtse hancin motar a tsakanin mil biyu kafin kowane juyi. Wannan ya samar mana da sassauci yayin zabar saiti.

Kadai ɗan girgiza kuma yana da nasa dabaru. Zamu canza cancanta dangane da nauyin, sanya halayen su zama masu ci gaba ko kuma su tayar da hankali. A kan waƙoƙin jinkirin kamar Monaco ko Phoenix, dakatarwar ta yi aiki kawai da ban mamaki. "

Tyrrell ya taimaka ma ta tayoyin Pirelli: a ranar Asabar sun kasance manyan makamai.Alas, tseren tseren bai yi kyau sosai ba nesa ba kusa, yana tilasta Alesi ya tsayar da matakan kare mukaman da ya zaba daga cikin masu saurin takara a cancantar.

Abokin aiki na lokacin 90 shine Satoru Nakajima. Tyrrel ya ɗauki Jafananci ga ƙungiyar don yin shawarwari tare da Honda game da samar da injuna. Nakajima ya kuma sami maki sau biyu - babban nasarar Satoru, ba shakka, shine matsayi na shida akan Suzuka (wanda, alas, ya kasance mai zurfi a cikin inuwar wani tsafi na wani gunki na Aguri Suzuki daga Larrousse).

Adelaide dan kasar Australia ne ya kawo karshen kakar wasan, inda jinkirin juyawa ya sake ba da damar 019 don nuna kyawawan halayen su. Amma Alesi ya kamu da rashin lafiya sosai da mura. Kuma duk da cewa Bafaransheen ya fara na biyar, a nesa Jean ya rasa mukaminsa kuma a sakamakon haka ya gama karewa na takwas da karaya a kafarshi na dama. Kuma Nakajima a kashi na biyu na nesa ba shi da birki.

A shekara mai zuwa, Tyrrell ya shirya samfurin 020, wanda shine ci gaban ra'ayoyin Mijo da Postlwait. Babban canje-canje ya taɓa bangon, inda aka buƙaci shigar da injin Honda.

Koyaya, mahaliccin "babban hanci" ya bar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen 1990. Tare da injiniyan Faransa, Tyrrell ya bar Alesi, wanda ya sami gayyata daga Ferrari. A lokacin bazara mai zuwa, Postltwaite shi ma ya bar Surrey - ya haɗu da Sauber, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne jagora a tseren mota kuma yana shirye don halarta ta farko a F1.

Ya kasance kamar yadda ya yiwu, aikin da aka yi. Tuni shekara ta bayan bayyanar 019, irin injina masu kama da ra'ayi an gina su a Benetton, Jordan da Footwork / Arrows. Kuma har zuwa lokacin 96, babu wanda ya rage a cikin peloton wanda zai yi amfani da makircin da ya gabata.

Duk labarin ya sami ci gaba sosai bayan kusan shekaru goma. Ya zuwa wannan lokaci, Jean-Claude Miggio ya sami damar komawa Ferrari, daga nan zuwa Fondmetal Technologies, mai mallakar nan gaba na Minardi, Gabriele Rumi, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na fasaha a kungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Tyrrell, Benetton da Minardi.

A ƙarshen, mai zanen ba zai iya biyan kwangilar ba. Daga nan sai maigidan, Paul Stoddart, ya ba Faransawa ɗayan chassis 019. Shugaban Minardi ya sayi yawancin kadarorin Tyrrell lokacin da ta bar Formula 1, don haka waccan motar ta zama a Stoddart. Bayan shekaru da yawa, sai ta sake zuwa ga mahaliccinta.

"Ina zaton ba za su biya ni ba," in ji Mijo. - Kuma wannan zaɓi shine hanya mai kyau. Na san cewa Stoddart yana da abubuwa da yawa daga Tyrrell, gami da sauran motocin da suka rage. Na ce masa: “Na san yadda ba ka son biya, amma kana da wani abin da zai ba mu damar girgiza kai. Kuna da mota da zan so a wurina. Ana kiran shi 019.

Don haka na sami waccan motar. Fiye da shekaru 15 ta tsaya a gidana, Ina iya bincika ta kowace safiya. Amma kamar 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, Har yanzu ina sayar da shi ga Alesi. Kuma idan na zo wurinsa a Avignon, sai na gan ta a can. Jean ya kuma sami F92 daga Di Montezemlo (Ferrari samfurin wanda Mishot ya kirkira kuma baiyi nasara ba - ed.) Lokacin da ya bar Scuderia. Ya zama cewa ya tattara wa kansa tarin motocin da na gina. ”

Haske

Kimanin dare biyu. Na tashi daga farfaɗina kuma na fita zuwa kan titi. Mintuna biyar da barin su zuwa gida. Ina zagawa lanƙwasa a kan hanya, sai na ga wani katon kare ya kwance a kan titi. Karen ya juyar da kai ya dube ni da idanuna cike da raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi. Ban san tsawon lokacin da ta kwana a nan ba, wani abu mai walƙiya ya watsar da shi, amma talaka ba zai iya yin tsawa ba. Yaya zan iya taimaka ma ku? Gudu don motar? Kira motar asibiti? Na duba gefe guda na hanyar kuma na ga wani gurnani mai launin kore akan kantin magani

"Yanzu, ya zuma, jira ka ..."

Wani mai shagon magani mai matsakaicin shekaru ya zo kirana. Ya bude taga ya jefa cikin fushi.

- Ka gani, aboki, sun harbi wani kare a can ... Ka kwance can, ka sani, ya mutu ...

Yayi shuru da mugunta ya kalle ni ta cikin tabarau.

- Me yasa ba kai mutum bane, ko wani abu! Ba za ta iya ma yin kuka! Akwai bukatar taimakawa.

Wani abu ya fantsama a idanunsa, ya dudduba ni, yana jefa ni “Yanzu”, ya ɓace a cikin kantin magani.

Ya dawo da sauri tare da ampoules biyu da sirinji

- Kuna iya saka kanku? Ya tambaya, yana jan hannun sa da kudi.

- Ee, Ina da kare, mai farashi. - Na kama magunguna kuma na gudu zuwa kare. Tana ta jirana. Don haka ta kwanta, ta juya kai ta jira. Sai na fahimci cewa ba zan iya yin la'akari da mafita cikin sirinji ba. Na duba.A bangon dare na ginin, rigar mai maganin yana farin kuma yana shan hasken sigarinsa. Mai gudu baya.

- Kira ... Ina kan nauyi ...

Cikin nutsuwa ya dauko maganin. Tare da yatsan yatsunsa, sai ya fasa ruwan daga saman ampoules kuma, ya lullube shi da rigar, ya karye biyu lokaci guda. Sannan ya fitar da sirinji da sauri ya fitar da ruwan.

"Tabbas, kun farashi, tabbata?" Ya sake tambaya.

- Ee Ee. Yi sauri.

Na kama sirinji, sai na ruga zuwa kare. Ana gabatowa, sai ya sunkuya ya sanya hannu a wuyanta. Ta sunkuyar da kai tana kokarin lasa hannuna.

"Yanzu karami, yanzu ..." Ja da baya ga malamin skul, ya gabatar da allura kuma ya matso da mai bugun. Dabba ya girgiza kadan jikinsa yayi sanyi.

Na fitar da sirinji, na makale a aljihu na ciro kare. A ƙarƙashin lokacin furcin, an ji ƙasusuwan ƙasusuwa.

- To, yanzu, ya kamata tuni ya fara jin daɗi, - Tana kwance babu motsi. Na dauke kai da kallo cikin idanunta. Zafin ya tafi. An tafi da rayuwa.

- Ta ji sauki, ta fita ba tare da jin zafi ba. Kun yi duk abin da zaku iya - Na ji hannun mai harhada magunguna a kafada. "Kun gama, yanzu ku barta, tana da kyau yanzu fiye da mu duka." Ku zo wurina, akwai wasu boyars a cikin zashashnik ...

Ban sha ba, na san washegari a bayan dabaran. Kawai yanzu, na wuce wurin da karen yake kwance, na hango wani wuri mai duhu wanda jikin sa ya bari kuma nayi tunanin menene zan iya yi mata kenan? Kuma tabbas zamu sha tare da mai shagon magani.

Shida karnuka daji a kintinkiri

Kayan da ke da siffa-irin-girke-girke:

Fasaha Nasarar: Alkalan atomatik na Tank Corps

Ofaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin samar da tambura da hasumiya na T-34 matsakaitan tankuna shi ne ɓarkewar wuraren a wuraren da aka saɓo sassan. Abun shine babban ƙarfin ƙarfin makamai na 8C, lokacin da ƙananan hawaye ko microcracks suka fara kusa da weld. Kasancewar matsananciyar damuwa bayan waldi a karon farko bayan samarwa da motar daukar kaya bai sanya kanta ji kanta ba, amma bayan lokaci sai ya fito ya fasa zuwa 500 mm. Duk wannan, hakika, rage tasirin juriya na makamai. Don magance wannan matsalar, kai tsaye bayan shirya ayyukan samar da kamfanonin da aka kwashe, a cikin rabin na 1942, kwararru daga Cibiyar Armored (TsNII-48) da Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR. An gudanar da bincike a kamfanoni biyu: Ural Tank Plant No. 183 a Nizhny Tagil da Shuka Injin Injiniya mai Girma a Sverdlovsk. A cikin duka, daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba, metallurgists da kayan masanan kimiyya sunyi nazarin ƙirar crack a yayin walɗa kimanin sassan makamai 9,500. Makasudin binciken shine gano mafi kyawun kayan sunadarai na makamai 8C. Ya juya cewa mafi mahimmancin kayan aiki a cikin wannan yanayin shine carbon. Idan abun ciki a cikin makamai ya fi 0.25%, ofarfin yanki mai tsaurin ra'ayi a cikin yankin weld ya karu sosai, wanda babu makawa ya haifar da fashewa.

Amma don tabbatar da wannan ƙananan abun cikin carbon a cikin ƙarfe lokacin ba shi da sauƙi, amma a lokacin yaƙi gabaɗaya ba zai yiwu ba. Changesaramin canje-canje "kwaskwarima" a cikin walɗa ta walƙiya ta hanyar amfani da wutan lantarki, tsarin walƙiya da yawa da ƙarancin zafin bayan walda ya sa ya yiwu ya ɗaga saman girman abin da ke cikin carbon zuwa 0.28%. Af, a cikin masana'antar tanki na Jamus ba su ji labarin irin waɗannan buƙatu masu mahimmanci don makamai masu tanki ba - a matsakaici, adadin carbon yana cikin adadin 0.4-0.5%. Maganin matsalar matsalar fasa a wurin walda shine farkon sanyaya sassa zuwa digiri na 150-200 Celsius tare da jinkirin sanyaya sassa daga waldi har zuwa digiri 100 na minti 30. Don wannan dalili, an kirkiro inductors na musamman a Cibiyar Armor wanda ke ba da dumama na gida na bangarorin makamai a cikin yankan gas ko a weld. A Ural Heavy Injin Shuka, an yi amfani da inductor don haɗa ɓangaren gaba da bangarorin da rufin, har ma lokacin yankan ramuka masu ragowa a sassan ɓangarorin tankuna. Don haka, matsalar warwarewar fasa ƙirar yayin farantin ƙyallen keɓaɓɓun ƙarfe. A tsawon lokaci, al'adar shuka shuka ta Sverdlovsk ya kasance zuwa wasu tsiran tanki.

A watan Yuli na 1941, bisa ga umarnin Kwamitin Jama'a na Commissars, an kori Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR zuwa Nizhny Tagil.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka gabatar da Uralvagonzavod na farko ta baka mai walda ta katako mai murfi karkashin ruwa. Tabbas, an san wannan fasaha kafin, amma rukuni na masana kimiyya Evgeny Oskarovich Paton da ma'aikatan Cibiyar Bincike ta Tsakiya-48 sun sami damar daidaita shi don walda armored steels. Ofaya daga cikin fitattun masana kimiyyar da suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ƙirar walƙiya ita ce Vladimir Ivanovich Dyatlov. Shi, tare da ma'aikata na Komintern Kharkov Shuka, sun warware matsalar fashewa a cikin makamai yayin walda ta hanyar shigar da ƙarancin carbon a cikin ɗakin weld (ƙari akan wannan ƙasa). A cikin 1942, masanin kimiyyar, na farko a cikin duniya, ya gano sabon abu don aiwatar da ayyukan arc tare da narkewar wutan lantarki, wanda ya ba da damar sauƙaƙe ƙirar dabarun ciyar da injin walƙiya. Hakanan, saboda wannan, ya yiwu a ƙirƙirar shugabannin walƙiya mai sauƙi guda ɗaya, mafi aminci da rahusa. Ba tare da Dyatlov ba, da ba zai yuwu a samar da ingantaccen fitowar ruwa ba akan dogaro daga matatun wutar da ke dauke da dutsen Ashinsky Metallurgical Plant, wadanda ake kira "ShA slag fluxes". Daga Oktoba 1943, masanin kimiyyar ya shugabanci dakin binciken Uralvagonzavod kuma ya kasance a wannan matsayin har zuwa 1944, har sai da aka tura shi zuwa Cibiyar Bincike ta Tsakiya na Shipbuilding Technologies.

Amma baya ga almara T-34, wanda ba zai taɓa zama irin wannan babban tukunya ba, in ba don walɗa ta atomatik na katako ba (tsoffin hasumiya) a tsirrai No. 183 da UZTM. Yin amfani da injunan waldi ta atomatik ya sa ya yiwu a rage lokacin walda ta sau 3-6.5. A lokaci guda, aƙalla ƙananan mita 40 na shinge keɓaɓɓu an yi amfani da su ga kowane rukunin jirgin ruwa.
Baya ga T-34, an yi amfani da walda na masanin ilimin masani a masana'antar samar da kayayyaki mai lamba 200 a Chelyabinsk. Tare da taimakonsa, an dafa ƙarshen ƙwanƙin tanki na KV, wanda a cikin jimlar kusan mita 15 na ɗamarar kowane inji. Har ila yau yana da mahimmanci cewa yin amfani da walda na makamai ya sa ya yiwu don jawo hankalin ma'aikatan ƙwararru masu ƙanƙan da kai ga masana'antar - walda walƙiya a duk tsawon lokacin yaƙi. Tun Yuli 1942, wani keɓaɓɓiyar jigilar kayayyaki ke aiki a Nizhny Tagil wanda a ciki 19 rukunin jirgi masu saukar ungulu na atomatik ke aiki. Kimanta girman bidiyon - wannan an ba da damar sakin tsoffin masu aiki 280 don wasu ayyukan, tare da maye gurbinsu da ƙwararrun ma'aikata 57. Yevgeny Oskarovich Paton da kansa, a cikin wata wasika da ya gabatar ga sakataren sashen masana'antar tanki na kwamitin yanki na Sverdlovsk na CPSU (B.) A cikin Maris 1942, ya yi magana game da ƙaddamar da gabatarwar walda ta atomatik (faɗo daga littafin N. Melnikov na littafin "Tank masana'antu na USSR a lokacin Yaƙin Patriotic War"):

"Sakamakon haɓakar babban waldi na atomatik a ƙarƙashin yadudduka, za a rage sharuɗɗan sassan walƙiya, kuma yawan amfani da aiki, wutar lantarki da waya zai ragu."

Za'a iya samun kwatancen lokacin da aka kashe akan tukin jirgin sama da na sarrafa kansa ta hanyar adana kayan tarihi na OAO NPK Uralvagonzavod. Dangane da su, don walda, alal misali, sashen saman hasumiyar T-34, welder yana ɗaukar sama da awanni biyar, kuma waldi na atomatik zai iya jimre da wannan a cikin mintuna 40 kawai. Haɗin gwiwa daga ƙasa ta amfani da walda na hannu an dafa shi a cikin sa'o'i uku, kuma a cikin yanayin atomatik - a cikin sa'a daya.

Wannan bawai ace injunan waldi ta atomatik sun bayyana a dare daya ba a manyan taron tsirrai na masana'antar tanki na Soviet. Da fari dai, rabon waldi na hannu yana da matukar tasirin gaske a fannin samar da kayayyakin masarufi, kuma na biyu, da farko, tare da fasahar kanta, ba duk abin da ya tafi daidai. Ba shi yiwuwa a ba weld ɗin matakin da yakamata na ductility - bayan sanyaya, ya zama mai wahala da garaje. Wannan, haƙiƙa, mafi munin abin ya shafi juriya da makamai.Bayan bincika dalilan, ya juya cewa duk kusan wuce zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farfajiyar karfe, haɗa da ƙarfe na waya tare da ƙarfe gindi da mahimman gwal na sillar karfe. Upsungiyoyi daga TsNII-48 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin I. F. Sribny kuma daga Cibiyar Welding, wanda V. I. Dyatlov ya ambata a sama, sun gabatar da gwada hanyoyin da za'a bi don ɗaukar kayan '' tawaye '' 8C da 2P. Da farko dai, wannan shine walda da yawa, lokacin da injin ya haɗu da sassan da za a walda a matakai da yawa. Wannan yana tabbatar da karamin shigar azzakari cikin jijiyoyin hannu da samuwar dindindin mai dorewa. A bayyane yake cewa wannan dabarar ba ta fi tasiri a cikin yanayin lokacin yaƙi ba: duk da haka, walda da yawa suna buƙatar ɗaukar lokaci da yawa idan aka kwatanta da guda-pass.

Hanya ta biyu daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Tsakiya-48 da Cibiyar Welding suna kwance waya daga karfe mai laushi a cikin yankewar gidajen abinci don rage “fushin” baƙin ƙarfe. Sakamakon haka, dinki bayan sanyaya ya zama filastik, waya tayi matukar rage zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin amma kuma ta ninka yawan injinan waldi. Wannan ya zama mafi inganci dabara, wanda daga baya aka inganta shi. Sabuwar hanyar walda "a cikin wayoyi guda biyu", wanda igiyar waya ta biyu (filler), ba a haɗa ta da asalin ba, an ciyar da shi cikin ɗakin wanka a wani kusurwa zuwa wayoyin lantarki. An lasafta abinci da diamita na waya na biyu saboda adadin baƙin ƙarfe da aka adana daga gare shi ya yi daidai da adadin ƙarfe daga waya mai saka wuta, i.e., diamita na waya na biyu ya zama daidai da diamita na wayoyin lantarki da saurin ciyarwar su zama iri ɗaya. Koyaya, saboda buƙatar sake ba da madaidaiciya shugabannin daga ciyar da waya ɗaya zuwa ciyar biyu, aiwatar da wannan hanyar ba a jinkirta ba kuma an maye gurbin ta da hanyar sa mashaya. Koyaya, ya rigaya a watan Yuni - Yuli 1942, ana amfani da wannan hanyar a masana'anta No. 183 lokacin da walikan ƙananan ɗamfan gado na hanci na ƙarar tankar tare da katako na hanci.

Rikici tare da aiki da kai daga waldi na rukunin jirgin ruwa (hasumiya) suma sun kasance shirin zartarwa. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ba a taɓa yin amfani da walda ba da walɗa a cikin tsari kuma hakika, samfuran samarwa na matukin jirgi na Cibiyar Welding. Wannan yana bayanin wasu jinkirin ci gaba da sababbin fasahohi a masana'antar tanki. Don haka, a ƙarshen 1942, akwai injunan waldi 30 zuwa 35 a masana'antar tanki, wanda a zahiri, bai isa ba. Saboda haka, Commissar I.M. Zaltsman ta ba da umarnin da oda No. 200c wanda aka sanya a ranar Maris 28, 1943 don yin ba da ƙari kuma 7 rakodin walƙiya na atomatik a masana'anta A'a 183 har zuwa tsakiyar Mayu, injunan injina 8 a Ural Heavy Engineering Plant har zuwa 1 ga Yuni kuma sun buƙaci a ba da raka'a 5 zuwa shuka na Chelyabinsk har sai Yuni 15 Na 200. Wannan matakin yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka baiwa masana'antar tankar gida damar kaiwa ga adana abubuwan da ake shirin samarwa ga manyan motocin da ke shigo dasu.

Kwaminisanci

A zahiri, an ƙirƙira kwaminisanci a cikin Jamus, kuma Lindemann ya riƙe kansa a matsayin mai ɗaukar ra'ayi na ma'abota ra'ayin ɗan bidi'a. Ba abin mamaki bane, taken kwaminisanci ya mamaye cikin bidiyo sau da yawa.

Misali, mutanen da aka doke su a kurkuku a lokacin Daular ta Jamus su ne galibi masu ra'ayin gurguzu. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin Daula lokacin da hukumomi suka tsananta musu. Wataƙila, yaƙin basol guda biyu yaƙi ne na akidu guda biyu a cikin shekaru ishirin, kwaminisanci da kwaminisanci na ƙasa. Yankunan da halayyar Lindemann, waɗanda waɗanda Hitler suka sa a cikin shekaru 20, suna ba da shawarar wannan ra'ayin.

'Yan kwaminisanci suna cikin fursunonin sansanin taro. Da farko dai, an doke su, sun tsaya da wuyansu a cikin sahun furannin, sa’annan, a wani yanayi da ake tunawa da tasirin fursunonin sansanonin tattarawa, suna harbi jami’an Nazi. A lokacin kisa, roka suna tafiya a bayan wanda aka kashe: yunƙurin gina girman kan jini.

Af, ko da yake an harbe Jamus a cikin hoton na uku Reich, amma ba ta mutu ba, amma an sake haihuwarta a cikin nau'i biyu na Jamusawa biyu: GDR (tare da alamar Soviet a kan hula) da Jamus (a cikin sutsi mai haske). Arshe kuma Raf ɗin, ƙungiyar ta'addanci ce ta hagu. Gabaɗaya, makasudin sake dawo da rayuwar Jamus shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan bidiyo.

Lokaci, duk da haka, wasu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi daban-daban suna wakilta - a cikin tsarin, mahalarta masu tayar da zaune tsaye suna nuna yatsa a cikin nuna alamar masu kishin Islama. Koyaya, mafi yawansu suna ikirarin wani tsarin gurguzu ne na musamman.

Karnuka, firistoci da takobi mai laser

Mafi shahararren kayan tarihi na Jamus, ba tare da wata shakka ba, wata alama ce ta Albrecht Medved, ɗayan masu tattara ƙasashen Jamusawa, a cikin gidan mashin na Spandau. Wannan katafaren gidan ya tanadi wani gidan kurkuku inda masu laifin Nazi suke zaune.

Bayan shi, muna ganin wasu alamomin da ba a sani ba ko kuma, a maimakon haka, mascots biyu na Jamus: karnuka biyu na ƙabilar Jamusawa. Waɗannan makiyaya ne na Jamus, waɗanda Jamus ke kiyaye su, da Leonberger, waɗanda ke haife Jamus ta zamani.

Kasancewarsu a cikin firam alama ce ta alama. Tarayyar ta Jamus ta dade tana sukar mutane da yawa saboda gaskiyar cewa ta zama magaji na Uku, wanda ya ƙi hukunta masu laifin 'yan Nazi a ƙasarta, waɗanda suka ci gaba da aiki a matsayin jami'ai, gami da manyan manya.

Leonberger, wanda Jamus ta haife shi a cikin ginin, shine asalin ƙabila na ƙasa wanda kusan ya shuɗe saboda asarar shahara. Amma karnukan da ke kula da karnukan sun yi nasarar farfado da ita. Wannan nau'in shine girman kai na Jamus kuma ya zama alama ce ta ba a sani ba ta rayuwa, ikon da za a sake haifarwa a kowane yanayi.

Sufaye masu cinye Jamus a fage ɗaya, a ɗayan kuma sun kunna wuta ga mutum, yayin da 'yan Nazi suka kunna wuta a cikin littattafai, daga baya Katolika da Nazis suka rungume juna. (Abin mamaki, har yanzu ba a da'awar wannan yanayin daga Vatican ba). Kusa da wannan yanayin, muna ganin wakilan daular daga Star Wars waɗanda suka zare takubba na laser. Kasancewarsu a fili yana nuna halayyar Lindemann game da Nazis da Cocin Katolika, wanda, duk da haka, ba asirin da ya gabata ba. Mun ga ginshikan haske masu kama da katako na laser a cikin bangarori daban-daban na shirin, kuma a cikin ɗayansu suna juya zuwa ɗan lokaci don takobin masu guguwa tare da bayin jami'an 'yan sanda

A ƙarshensa, Jamus ta bushe cikin akwatin gawa, kamar Snow White, yanayin ɗayan labaran tatsuniyoyin Jamusanci ne (idan ka tuna, daga baya ta rayu), kuma mai kallo ya tuna cewa ya riga ya ga kusan dukkanin hotunan da ake amfani da su a cikin shirin. A kusan kowane shirin bidiyo, Rammstein ya riga ya haɗu da kowannensu - amma yanzu an haɗa su daban, suna ƙirƙirar sabon labari.

Rubutu: Lilit Mazikina.

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