Wannan bakin teku mallakar 'yan asalin Antarctic penguins ne, kuma sunanta na asali ne bisa girmamawa ga Adele, matar mawakiyar Faransa kuma mai binciken masaniyar teku Jules Dumont-Durville. Amma don zama daidai, Bafaransheen mai suna sashin Antarctica da sunan matarsa, sannan kuma wani nau'in penguins da ba a san shi ba a cikin wannan wuri ana kiran shi Adelie penguin, wato Penguin na ƙasar Adelie Land. An fara amfani da wannan nau'in halittar bayan 1840.
Wannan nau'in yana yaduwa a gefen Antarctica a gabar teku, har ma a kusa da Kudancin Shetland da Orkney. A cikin duka, akwai mutane miliyan 3.79 da ke kiwo a cikin yankuna 251. Wannan shine kashi 53% sama da adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen da aka rubuta shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Iyakar daulolin da ke Penasar Antarctic Peninsula sun ragu, amma an rage wannan ragewar ta hanyar karuwar mazauna a gabashin Antarctica. A wasu masarautu, a lokacin farauta, akwai nau'i-nau'i har zuwa dubu 200.
Bayanin
Tsawon waɗannan tsuntsayen shine 48-71 cm. Weight ya bambanta da kilogiram 3.7 zuwa 6. Babban fasali shine farin zoben dake kewaye da idanu da gashin fuka-fukan a gindi. Sun daɗe suna ɓoye shi. Gefen kansa yana ja. Wutsiya ita ce mafi tsawo daga dukkan penguins. Umarfafa a cikin bayyanar ta kama da tuxedo. Shugaban, wuyansa, baya da fuka-fuki baki ne. Kirji da ciki fari ne. A cikin ruwa, wakilan nau'in suna motsawa da sauri 8 km / h.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Penguins na tallafin sun isa wuraren da ake farawa a watan Oktoba - Nuwamba. Yi nau'i-nau'i kuma gina gida. Gida ne mai tarin duwatsun da aka shimfiɗa a cikin da'irar. A cikin ɓoye akwai kwai 1, sau da yawa ƙasa sau 2 ko ma qwai 3. Ganyewar kwai yana faruwa a cikin watan Disamba. Shi ne mafi zafi a Antarctica (kimanin -2 digiri Celsius). Iyaye suna saka kwai a bi da bi.
Lokacin shiryawa yana da tsawon kwanaki 32. Sannan, tsawon sati 4, kayen da aka harba suna kusa da iyayensu, wadanda ke sanyaya su da danshi da abinci. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, matasa suna haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi (wuraren jinya) kuma zauna a ciki na watanni 2. A cikin watan Maris, tsuntsayen yara sukan je su ciyar a teku kuma su fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Wadannan penguins suna zaune a cikin teku daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, yayin da zasu iya kasancewa kilomita 600-800 nesa daga wuraren nishaɗin. A cikin daji, Adélie penguin yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 16. Lokacin balaga yana faruwa yana da shekaru 3-4.
Halayya da Abinci
Yayin ciyarwa a cikin teku daga farauta zuwa wani, wakilan nau'in zasu iya shawo kan kusan kilomita 13,000. Mafi dadewa irin wannan tafiyar da aka yi rikodin shine kilomita 17,6. A dabi'ance su, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da matukar son sani, suna da gaskiya kuma suna buɗe don sadarwa. Suna ciyar da yafi akan Antarctic krill. Bugu da kari, suna cin kifi, squid, cephalopods, jellyfish. Abincin abinci ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin yanki.
Dangane da bincike mai zurfi na ƙoshin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka tara a cikin mazauna a cikin shekaru 3,000 da suka gabata, an kirkiro hoto na canje-canje a cikin abincin. An lura cewa cikin shekaru 200 da suka gabata an sami canji daga ciyar da kifin zuwa krill. Wannan ya faru ne saboda raguwar adadin ɗamarar kuli da ƙarann wutan. Rage gasa a ɓangarensu ya haifar da adadin kuɗin krill, wanda Adelie penguins suke farin cikin cin su, saboda ana samun wannan abincin cikin sauƙi.
LIFESTYLE
A mafi yawancin lokuta, penguins na Alleli suna cikin teku, suna riƙe kusa da kankara shirya, inda tekun buɗe yake samar da yanayin zafi. Tsuntsayen suna zuwa ƙasa ne kawai a cikin lokacin farauta. A wannan lokacin, dubban tsuntsaye sun haɗu a cikin manyan yankuna kuma suna mamaye wuraren dutse tare da gabar Antarctica da wasu tsibiran - Sanda Sandwich, South Orkney da Kudancin Shetland. Wadannan wurare suna cikin wurare masu iska. Yanayin ya shirya wa Alleli penguins da kyau don rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi na Antarctica. Karshen abin da mai hana ruwa ruwa wanda ya rufe kusan dukkanin saman jikin jikin penguin an kai shi zuwa ƙasa. Don haka, famfan yana riƙe da iska mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin, riƙe zafi da kwantar da fasalin da ke da amfani ga penguins - wannan hanyar ruwa yana gudana sauƙin sauƙi daga gashin fuka-fukarsu.
Bugu da kari, penguins suna da kauri mai kauri da yawa wanda ke kare su daga tsananin sanyi koda lokacin zafin iska ya sauka zuwa -60 ° C. Adelie penguins gida a cikin manyan yankuna. Lokacin gina buɗaɗɗun gida, ana samun hayaniya mai yawa har ma da yaƙe - wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsaye sukan sace dutse daga maƙwabta. Hayaniya ta kara rage lokacin da mata suka sanya kwanansu, maza kuma suka fara sanya su ciki. Bayan ƙarshen rayuwar, tsohuwar Adélie penguins tayi motsa jiki tare da kajinsu.
Yaduwa
Yanayin yanayi mai wuya na Antarctica yana sa Adélie penguins ta gida kawai a wasu lokatai na shekara. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna yin nau'i-nau'i na dindindin kuma kowace shekara suna komawa zuwa gida ɗaya. Tafiya kan kankara da dusar ƙanƙara zuwa kanjin n nesa yana kusan wata guda.
Penguins suna zaune a cikin gungun dubun dubbai ga mutane da yawa. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna bayyana a wuraren farauta a ƙarshen daren polar - a farkon Oktoba. Idan yayin tafiya penguins sun gaji sosai, suna kwance akan hancin su kuma suna birgima kan kankara mai santsi, suna tura fikafikan su.
Maza sun fara bayyana a wuraren farauta, kuma mace ta zo a cikin mako guda. Kasancewa a wurin, tsuntsayen sun mamaye wurin kuma sun fara gina gida. Nests daban-daban, dangane da shekarun tsuntsu - a cikin matasa wannan yawanci lu'u-lu'u ne da yawa daga cikin shuɗi, yayin da a cikin manya akwai ɗaruruwan ɗakunan lu'u-lu'u a cikin kwano. Matar ta sanya ƙwai biyu tare da hutu na kwanaki 1 zuwa 5. Da zaran mace ta sanya kwai na biyu, sai ta je teku don ciyar da su. Maza suna sanya qwai, ci gaba da matsananciyar yunwa. Bayan makonni 2-3, mata suka dawo, kuma maza suna zuwa tekun neman abinci. Suna komawa gida da sauri. A tsakiyar Janairu, an haifi kajin. Makonni biyu da suka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin iyayensu, daga baya suka tsaya kusa da su a cikin gida, suna ɓoye ne kawai lokacin damuna. Icksan shekaru hudun gatheran shekaru sun taru a manyan ƙungiyoyi - "gandun daji." Lokacin da kajin suka yi makonni takwas da haihuwa, komin dabbobi ya kakkarye.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Adelie Penguin
Adelie penguin (a cikin Latin da aka yi wa lakabi da Pygoscelis adeliae) wani tsuntsu ne mai tashi mai tashi wanda ke cikin rukunin penguin. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna daya daga cikin nau'ikan halittar Pygoscelis uku. Mitochondrial da DNA na nukiliya sun nuna cewa kwayoyin sun rabu ne daga wasu nau'in penguin kamar shekaru miliyan 38 da suka gabata, kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 bayan magabatan halittar Aptenodytes. Bi da bi, Adélie penguins ya rabu da sauran membobin genus misalin shekaru miliyan 19 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Adelie Penguin
Penguins na farko sun fara yawo kimanin shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata. Kakanninsu sun rasa ikon yin sama a cikin sama kuma suka rikide zuwa manyan masu iyo. Kasusuwa na tsuntsaye sun yi nauyi, wanda ke taimakawa narkewa mafi kyau. Yanzu waɗannan tsuntsayen ban dariya suna "tashi" a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
An fara gano burbushin Penguin ne a shekarar 1892. Kafin wannan, masana kimiyya sun zaci cewa wadannan halittu masu ban tsoro da kananan fuka-fukai sune tsoffin tsuntsayen da ba zasu iya fahimtar jirgin ba. Sannan an ayyana asalin: magabatan penguins - tsuntsayen keel-nosed - ƙungiya mai haɓaka ta gaba.
Penguins na farko sun bayyana a Antarctica kimanin shekaru miliyan 40 da suka gabata. A lokaci guda, nau'ikan halittu da yawa sun rayu a tekun kuma sun jagoranci yanayin rayuwa mai ban mamaki da ke ƙasa. Daga cikin su akwai ƙattai na gaske, alal misali, anthropornises, wanda tsayinsa ya kai cm 180. Kakanninsu ba su da abokan gaba masu haɗari a cikin daskarewa na Antarctica, don haka penguins sun rasa ikon tashi, sun dace da ƙarancin zafi kuma sun zama masu iyo ruwa na duniya.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Adélie Penguins a Antarctica
Adélie penguins (P. adeliae) sune mafi yawan nazarin a duka nau'ikan 17. An ba su suna bayan Adele Earth, inda aka fara bayyana su a cikin 1840 ta mai binciken tsuntsayen Faransa mai suna Jules Dumont-d'Urville, wanda ya ba wa wannan yanki na nahiyar ta Antarctic girmamawa ga matarsa Adele.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran penguins, suna da kullun fararen fata da fari. Koyaya, wannan saukin yana samar da karko mai kyau akan magabatan yayin farauta - bakar baya a cikin zurfin teku mai duhu da farin ciki a saman teku mai haske a saman kai. Maza kadan sun fi girma daga mace, musamman gemunsu. Ana amfani da tsawon beak galibi don tantance jima'i.
Penguins na tallafin suna da nauyin kilogram 3.8 zuwa 5.8, bisa ga tsarin kiwo. Suna da matsakaici a girma tare da girma daga 46 zuwa 71 cm. Abubuwan banbanci sune farin zobe da ke gewaye idanu da fuka-fukan da suke rataye a baki. Gefen ja ne mai launi. Wutsiyar tana da tsayi fiye da sauran tsuntsayen. A waje, duka kayan suna kama da tuxedo na wakilin mutum. Adeles sunyi dan kadan fiye da yawancin nau'ikan sanannu.
Wadannan penguins yawanci suna iyo da sauri na kimanin kilomita 8.0. Suna iya tsalle kimanin mita 3 daga ruwa zuwa ƙasa akan kankara ko kankara. Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in penguin.
Ina ne Adélie penguin yake zaune?
Hoto: Adelie Penguin Bird
Suna zaune ne kawai a yankin Antarctic. Suna zaune a kan iyakar Antarctica da tsibiran makwabta. Yankin da ya fi yawan Adelie penguins yana cikin Tekun Ross. Rayuwa a cikin yankin Antarctic, waɗannan penguins dole su iya tsayayya da yanayin sanyi sosai. A cikin watanni na hunturu, Adele yana zaune da manyan kantunan kankara a bakin teku don samun damar samun abinci.
Krill, babban samfurin a cikin abincin. Sukan ciyar da kannun plankton da ke zama a karkashin kankara, saboda haka sukan zabi wurare masu tarin yawa. A lokacin kiwo, yawanci a farkon bazara da kuma a lokacin rani, sukan je gaɓar tekun bakin teku don gina gidansu a wuraren da ba a yin kankara. Samun damar samun ruwa a cikin yankin, an bai wa manya da ƙananan yaran damar samun abinci kai tsaye.
Adélie penguins da ke zaune a yankin Ross Sea na Antarctica suna ƙaura daga matsakaicin kusan 13,000 kilomita a kowace shekara, sakamakon rana daga wuraren mulkin su zuwa filayen kiwo zuwa hunturu da kuma biyun.
A lokacin hunturu, rana ba ta tashi kudu daga Yankin Arctic ba, amma kankarar teku tana girma yayin watanni hunturu kuma yana ƙaruwa daruruwan mil daga gabar tekun kuma yana motsawa zuwa ƙarin latitude na arewacin duk cikin Antarctica. Muddin penguins suna zaune a gefen kankara mai sauri, zasu ga hasken rana.
Lokacin da dusar kankara ta sake bazara a lokacin bazara, penguins din su kasance a gefen har sai sun sake kasancewa a gabar tekun lokacin karin lokacin rana. Dogon tarihin da ya fi tsayi a cikin kilomita 17,600.
Menene adelie penguin yake ci?
Hoto: Adelie Penguin
Suna ciyarwa akasari akan abinci mai cakuda Antarctic krill Euphausia superba da iceill-sanyi krill E. crystalorophias, kodayake abincin yana juyawa zuwa kifi (galibi Pleuragramma antarcticum) a cikin shekara - a cikin lokacin kiwo da squid - a cikin hunturu. Menu ya bambanta dangane da yanayin ƙasa.
Abincin penguin na rage kwanciyar hankali ya sauko ga waɗannan samfuran:
- kifi mai kankara
- teku krill
- ice squids da sauran cephalopods,
- kifin fitilun
- kyakyawan fata,
- Amphipods suma suna daga cikin abincinsu na yau da kullun.
An gano cewa jellyfish, ciki har da nau'ikan janar na Chrysaora da Cyanea, suna amfani da karfi ta hanyar penelieins a matsayin kayan abinci, kodayake a baya an yi imanin cewa sun hadiye su ba da haɗari ba. An sami irin wannan fifiko a cikin wasu nau'ikan da yawa: penguin-eyed mai launin rawaya da kuma Magellanic penguin. Adélie penguins sun tara abinci sannan kuma ta daɗi don ciyar da 'ya'yansu.
Lokacin da ruwa daga saman ruwa zuwa zurfin abin da aka samo abincinsu, adel penguins suna amfani da saurin motsi na 2 m / s, wanda aka yi imanin yana zama mai sauri wanda zai tabbatar da ƙarancin kuzari. Koyaya, da zaran sun isa ga ɗimbin dutsen krill a ƙasann abincinsu, sai suyi jinkirin kama abin da za su kama. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, Adélie penguins sun fi son ƙwayar mace mai nauyi tare da ƙwai, wanda ke da wadataccen abun ciki.
Binciken ragowar da aka tara a cikin mazauna a cikin shekaru 38,000 da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa an sami canji kwatsam a cikin abincin adelie penguins. Sun juya daga kifi a matsayin babban tushen abinci zuwa krill. Duk wannan ya fara ne kimanin shekaru 200 da suka gabata. Wataƙila, wannan ya faru ne saboda raguwar ɗamarar kuli-kuli daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da na kifayen Whales a farkon karni na 20. Rage gasa daga waɗannan mafarautan sun haifar da adadin kuɗin krill. Penguins yanzu suna amfani dashi azaman hanyar abinci mafi sauƙi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Adélie Penguins a Antarctica
Pygoscelis adeliae wani jinsin zamantakewa ne na mutane. Suna hulɗa koyaushe tare da wasu mutane a cikin rukuni ko mallaka. Adeles suna tafiya tare tun daga kankara kankara zuwa wuraren da ake farautarsu lokacin fara kiwo. Abubuwan da aka haɗa tare suna kare gida. Adélie penguins suma suna farauta a cikin kungiyoyi, saboda wannan yana rage haɗarin masu kai hari kuma yana ƙara haɓaka binciken abinci.
Adélie penguins na iya tashi daga cikin ruwan don tsallake metersan mita sama da saman kafin su sake shiga cikin ruwa. Lokacin barin ruwa, penguins suna numfasa iska da sauri. A kan ƙasa, suna iya tafiya cikin hanyoyi da yawa. Adélie penguins suna tafiya a tsaye, suna motsawa tare da tsalle biyu, ko suna iya zamewa a jikinsu akan kankara da dusar ƙanƙara.
Za a iya taƙaita zagayen su na shekara ta waɗannan abubuwan tarihin:
- na farko lokacin abinci a teku,
- ƙaura zuwa mulkin kusa da Oktoba,
- ciyawa da renon 'ya'yan kwata (kimanin watanni 3),
- Fabrairu ƙaura tare da akai ciyar,
- hau kan kankara a watan Fabrairu-Maris.
A kan tudu, adelie penguins na gani suna da rauni, amma yayin da suke cikin teku, sukan yi kama da dutsen kogi, suna farauta a zurfin 170 m kuma suna cikin ruwa sama da minti 5. Koyaya, mafi yawan ayukkansu suna narkarda ne a cikin 50 m na ruwa, saboda, kasancewar magabatuwa na gani, mafi girman zurfin nutsewa ana tantance su ta hanyar shigar haske zuwa cikin zurfin teku.
Wadannan penguins suna da jerin gyare-gyare na kimiyyar lissafi da na ilimin halittu waɗanda ke ba su damar mika lokacinsu a ƙarƙashin ruwa, wanda sauran penguins na girman girman ba zai iya tsayawa ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Adelie Penguin Mata
Namiji Adélie penguins, yana jan hankalin mata, ya nuna beak, ya lanƙwasa a wuya da jiki ya miƙa zuwa cikakkiyar tsayi. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna kuma hidimar sanar da yankin a daular su. A farkon lokacin bazara, Adélie penguins sun koma wuraren kiwo. Maza sun fara zuwa. Kowane ma'aurata ya amsa kiran juna game da juna sannan kuma ya tafi inda suka samo asali a shekarar data gabata. Ma'aurata suna iya haduwa shekaru da yawa a jere.
Increasearuwar kwanakin bazara yana motsa penguins zuwa farkon lokacin ciyarwa don tara kitsen da suke buƙata yayin lokacin haifuwa da shiryawa. Tsuntsayen suna gina mazaunin dutse, suna shiri don bayyanar ƙwai biyu. Adélie penguins galibi suna da cuba twoa biyu a kowace kakar, tare da ƙwai ɗaya kwanciya ba da daɗewa ba bayan na farkon. Qwai yana kwantawa tsawon kwanaki 36. Iyaye suna yin kulawa da penguins na kimanin sati 4 bayan hutu.
Duk iyayen suna da yawa don yayansu. A lokacin shiryawa, mace da namiji suna ɗaukar juyawa tare da kwan, yayin da mata na biyu ke “ciyarwa”. Da zaran kazar ta yi tsalle, duka manya sun koma neman abinci.'Ya'yan kaji kaji ana haihuwar su tare da gashin fuka-fukai kuma basa iya ciyar da kansu. Makonni hudu bayan da karen ya fara tsere, zai haɗu da wasu ƙwayoyin matasa don inganta kariya. A cikin gandun daji, har yanzu iyaye suna ciyar da 'ya'yansu, kuma bayan kwanaki 56 ne a cikin gandun daji yawancin Adélie penguins sun zama masu zaman kansu.
Abokan Halitta na Adele Penguin
Hoto: Adelie Penguins
Leopards na ruwan teku sune mafi yawan tsinkayen Adelie penuein wadanda ke kai hari kusa da gefen ɓarin kankara. Cutar damisa ba matsala ba ce ga bakin teku, saboda damisa na zuwa bakin teku ne kawai don hutawa ko kuma shakatawa. Adélie penguins sun koyi dabarun waɗannan mafarautan ta hanyar iyo a cikin rukuni-rukuni, suna guje wa kankara mai ƙanƙanta da kuma ɓata lokaci kaɗan a cikin ruwa tsakanin mita 200 na bakin tekun. Kisan kifi Whales yawanci yakan ci manyan wakilai daga jinsunan penguin, amma wani lokacin kan iya cin abinci a kan adels.
Manyan kudanci skuas da ke cin abinci akan qwai da kajin ba tsofaffi ba su kula da su ko kuma waɗanda ke a gefunan sel. White Plover (Chionis albus) kuma na iya kaiwa wani lokaci a lokacin hari kan ƙwai. Adélie penguins suna haɗuwa da tsinkayen damisa na teku da kifayen kifaye a teku, da manyan dabbobi da skuas akan ƙasa.
Babban abokan adawar Adélie penguins sune:
- kisa Whales (Orcinus orca),
- damisa na teku (H. kutare),
- Kudancin Kudu Skuas (Stercorarius maccormicki),
- farin falo (Chionis albus),
- ƙarancin ɗan dako (Macronectes).
Adélie penguins sau da yawa ya zama kyakkyawan alamomin canjin yanayi. Sun fara mamaye rairayin bakin teku masu, waɗanda a da kullun ke rufe da kankara, wanda ke nuni da dumamar yanayin Antarctic. Adélie penguin dauloli sune mafi kyawu don yanayin lafiyar Antarctica. Daga ƙarni na sha takwas zuwa farkon karni na ashirin, an yi amfani da waɗannan penguins don abinci, mai, da ƙura. Su guano an mined da amfani da taki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Adelie Penguins
Nazarin a wurare da yawa sun nuna cewa adelie penguin na yawanci sun tabbata ko sunada girma, amma tunda yawan ɗan adam sun dogara sosai akan rarraba kankara a tekun, akwai damuwar cewa dumamar yanayi a ƙarshe na iya shafar yalwa. Suna mamaye yankin da ba a kankara-ba a yankin Antarctic a lokacin ɗan gajeren lokacin kiwo.
Ayyukan su a cikin teku shine 90% na rayuwa kuma ya dogara da tsari da sauyin yanayin kankara na shekara-shekara. Ana misalta wannan hadadden dangantakar ta hanyar kewayon tsuntsaye, waɗanda aka ƙaddara shi da iyakar girman dusar ƙanƙara.
Sakamakon wani bincike na tauraron dan adam na shekara ta 2014 game da sabbin yankuna masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi: Guda miliyan 3.79 ana samun gwanayen filaye a cikin mazaunan 251 na mazauna, wanda shine 53% fiye da ƙididdigar da aka gudanar shekaru 20 da suka gabata.
An rarraba lardi a kewayen tsibirin Antarctic ƙasa da kuma teku. Yawan jama'a a cikin yankin Antarctic Peninsula sun ragu tun farkon 1980s, amma wannan koma baya ya ninka na haɓaka a gabashin Antarctica. A lokacin kiwo, sukan tara manyan biranen mazauna, wasu daga cikinsu suna yin sama da rubu'in miliyan nau'i-nau'i.
Girman mulkin mallaka na mutum na iya bambanta sosai, kuma wasu na iya zama mawuyacin yanayin canjin yanayi. Kungiyar BirdLife International ta gano ma'abuta na Habitats a matsayin "mahimmancin wurin tsuntsu". Adelie Penguin, a cikin adadin 751 527 nau'i-nau'i, rajista a ƙalla yankuna biyar na daban. A watan Maris na 2018, an gano wani yanki na mutane miliyan 1.5.
Haba ,atsin rayuwa
Tsakanin watan Afrilu da Oktoba, rayuwa a farfajiyar kudu ta hemisphere tana da rauni sosai. A wannan lokacin, wakilan nau'ikan jinsin suna zaune a tekun. Sunyi nesa da wuraren nesting - 700 km. Anan suka huta, cin abinci don samun ƙarfi, domin bayan hakan zasu yunƙura cikin matsanancin lokaci.
A watan Oktoba, tsuntsaye suka koma wurin da ake kewayarsu. Yanayin a lokacin yayi tsanani sosai.
Ragowar lokacin tsuntsaye suna cikin teku kusa da kankara shirya. Kuna iya saduwa da wakilan wannan nau'in penguins akan tudun dutse na Antarctica, da kuma tsibiran da ke kusa - South Sandwich, South Scottish.
Adelie Penguin Cin abinci
Penguin na talla yana neman abinci a cikin ruwa. Mafi yawan abincinsa shine krill. Bugu da kari, tsuntsu ya cinye ciyayin, wasu mollusks da kananan kifi.
Godiya ga halayenta, Adelie penguin na iya yin amfani da kuzarin da aka samu daga abinci. Yayin rana, ɓariyar Adélie tana cin kimanin kilo biyu na abinci kawai.
Yayin yin iyo, tsuntsu mai fikafikan haɓaka mai sauri sama da 20 km / h. Babban ƙafafun wannan tsuntsu, waɗanda ke da membranes na iyo, waɗanda suke aiki a matsayin kwalkwali kuma suna taimaka wa Adélie penguin ya iya kasancewa a wani yanayi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da penguin Adelie
- Yawan jama'a Adelie Penguins, wanda ya kunshi kimanin mutane miliyan 5, a ƙarshen lokacin farauta ana cin abinci tan tan dubu 9 kowace rana. Wannan lambar tayi dai-dai da kwatancen kamun kifi 70 da aka cika.
- Fushin fat mai karkashin ruwa da gashin fuka-fukan ruwa ba zasu kare sosai penguins daga sanyi, wanda wataƙila ma yana cikin haɗarin zafi mai zafi. A wannan yanayin Adelie Penguin yana buɗe fuka-fuki a sararin samaniya don rabu da ƙima mai zafi
- A cikin tsaka-tsakin lokaci zuwa wuraren nesting, gina gida da kuma farkon farkon nesting penguins suna fama da yunwa. Wannan post din yakai kimanin makonni 6. A wannan lokacin tsuntsaye rasa kashi 40% na yawan su
- Penguin Adelie mai sauƙin gane ta bakin gajeren baki da fararen zoben da ke gewaye idanu. Launinta launin baki ne da fari
- Duk iyayen biyu da farko penguin dauki juji tare da karen. Daga baya kajin sun taru a cikin "gandun rana"
- Gida an gina shi da ƙananan pebbles - kayan kawai ake samu. Iyaye suna sanya kwai a madadinsu, kuma suna ciyar da lokacin hutu
- Adélie Penguin Length: har zuwa 70 cm
- Adeng Penguin Wing Length: 20-24 cm
- Adélie Penguin Mass: har zuwa 5 kilogiram
- Adelie Penguin Abinci: krill, cephalopods da sauran mollusks, ƙananan kifi
- Adelie Penguin Life Span: Shekaru 15-20
- Kabilar masu alaƙa: Abubuwa biyu masu yawa sun kasance sifofin halittar Pygoscelis: penantarin submarctic (P. papua) da Penguin Antarctic.
GANGAR JIKINSA
A cikin farauta, tushen abin da yake krill, sau da yawa suna yin tsalle kamar dabbobin dolphins, don haka garken Adelie penguins galibi kuskure ne ga ƙananan dabbar dolfin daga nesa.
Wannan penguin, kamar sarki, mazaunin Antarctica ne. Waɗannan tsuntsaye masu ban dariya ne da masu walƙiya har zuwa 75 cm tsayi, masu nauyin 5-6. A cikin hunturu suna tafiya a cikin teku, suna iyo mil kilomita daga wuraren nishaɗin. Tsarin jikin da aka saukar dashi da gajeren wuyansa yana sa motsi a cikin ruwa. Featan gashin fuka-fukai suna manne da juna, kamar fale-falen buraka, kuma suka samar da rigar mara ruwa. Kuma godiya ga Fluff da wani fataccen mai a karkashinta, jikin penguin din ba a cika shi yake ba. A watan Oktoba (ƙarshen bazara a cikin Antarctic) suna shirya don tsari na nests. Suna dage farawa daga ciki tare da pebbles kuma a watan Nuwamba-Disamba 2 qwai sun dage farawa. Makon farko na mahaifinsu ya kasance suna sanya su, sannan iyayensu suna yin musanyawa. An ba kajin da suka girma zuwa "komin dabbobi". Komawa daga farauta, iyaye sun nemo kuma suna ciyar da yaransu.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN.
- Yawan Adélie penguins, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin mutane miliyan 5, yana cin abinci tan 9,000 na abinci kowace rana yayin ƙarshen lokacin fara haihuwa. Wannan lambar tayi dai-dai da kwatancen kamun kifi 70 da aka cika.
- Rashin kitse mai ƙyalƙyali da matattarar ruwa mai hana ruwa kariya na penguins sosai daga cikin sanyi wanda zasu ma iya fuskantar zafi sosai. A wannan yanayin, penguin ya shimfida fikafikansa a sararin samaniya don rabu da tsananin zafi.
- A yayin tafiya mai nisa zuwa farauta, gina gida da kuma farkon farawar nesting, penguins na fama da matsananciyar yunwa. Wannan post din yakai kimanin makonni 6. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsaye sun yi asarar kusan kashi 40 cikin dari na yawan su.
SIFFOFIN CIKIN ADELA PENGUIN
Umyalli: da baya baki ne, ciki da kirji fari ne. A kusa da idanun wani bakin farin zobe ne. Gashin fuka-fukai suna samar da katangar mai kyau sosai wacce ke kare tsuntsu daga iska, dusar ƙanƙara da kankara. Bugu da kari, mara ruwa ne. Mutane daban-daban na mata daidai ne.
Yawa: a cikin ƙasa ba su bayar da amfani mai amfani ba. A penguin “layin” su kawai lokacin da ya sauka a kan ciki a kan m kankara. A ruwa, suna maye gurbin ƙusoshin tsuntsaye.
Beak: gajere da maras ban sha'awa, kamar dai yankakken yanka ne, aka zana su zuwa rabi.
- Adelie Penguin Range
INA SON LAFIYA
Ana samun kwanciyar hankali ta fuskar talla a ko'ina cikin tekun Antarctic da kuma a Kudu Orkney, South Scottish, har ma a Tsibirin South Sandwich.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
Rarrabe wurare na rarrabuwa na Adelie penguins, waɗanda sauye-sauye ta hanyar balaguron kimiyya, an ayyana yankuna da ke da kariya. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, adadin nau'in ya karu.
Adelie penguin salon zama da mazaunin rayuwa
Harshen kogin kudu yana haɗu da rayuwar pola mai tsawon rai. Zai ɗauki watanni shida, yana farawa a watan Afrilu kuma ya ƙare a watan Oktoba. Duk wannan lokacin, Adguro na Adelie suna ciyarwa a cikin teku, wanda ke daga wuraren da aka kera su daga nesa zuwa kilomita 700.
A waɗancan wuraren, suna hutawa cikin natsuwa, suna samun kyakkyawar motsin zuciyarmu, mahimmin ƙarfi da tara albarkatun ƙasa, suna cin abincin da suka fi so. Bayan haka, bayan irin wannan "mafaka" tsuntsaye suna da tsawon lokaci na matsananciyar yunwa.
Watan Oktoba watan ne na halayyar wadannan tsuntsayen da suke komawa wuraren da suka saba zama. Yanayin yanayi a wannan lokacin yana sa penguins shiga gwaji da yawa.
Danshi mai sanyi na -40 da iska mai tsananin gaske, ta kai har zuwa 70 m a sakan na biyu, wani lokacin yakan haifar musu da kai zuwa ga burin da suke so a ciki. Wakar da tsuntsayen suke motsawa kusan ɗaruruwan har ma da dubban mutane.
Ana samun abokan hulɗa na yau da kullun kusa da wurin da aka fara tallata bara. Abu na farko da suka fara yi tare shine gyara gidansu mai lalata da kuma yanayin lalacewa.
Bugu da kari, tsuntsaye suna yin ado da kyawawan lebba, wadanda suka kama min ido. Yana da wannan kayan gini wanda penguins zasu iya fara ƙarfin gwiwa wanda ke haɓaka cikin yaƙi, wani lokacin yana haɗuwa da yaƙe da haƙiƙa.
Duk waɗannan ayyuka suna ɗaukar makamashi daga tsuntsaye. A wannan lokacin ba sa cin abinci, alhali albarkatun ruwa da abincinsu ke ciki suna da kusanci. Yaƙe-yaƙe na soja don kayan gini ya ƙare, kuma a wurin da aka taɓa lalacewa wani kyakkyawan mazaunin penguin ya bayyana, an yi shi da duwatsun kusan 70 cm.
Duk sauran lokacin Adelie penguins zauna a cikin teku. Sun yarda su tattara kankara, suna ƙoƙari su kasance cikin tekun bude tare da ingantaccen yanayin zafin jiki. Yankunan dutse da bakin tekun Antarctica, tsibirin South Sandwich, Kudancin Orkney da Kudancin Scottish sune wuraren da aka fi so daga waɗannan tsuntsayen.