Apistogramma (sp. Apistogramma) - babban rukunin cichlids na Kudancin Amurka, wanda yawancin wakilan shahararrun wakilan suka wakilta a cikin akwatin kifaye. Siffar halayyar mutum a jikin zane na waɗannan kifaye shine layin kwance a ƙasa mai duhu daga kansa zuwa wutsiya. Koyaya, ya danganta da nau'in jinsin, ana iya ganeshi da alama, katse shi ta hanyar layi mai mahimmanci ko gyara a fasalin. An nuna fasalin mai kama da wannan sunan cichlids, wanda ya ƙunshi kalmomin Helenanci biyu: “apisto”, ma'ana “mara iyaka”, “rashin hankali” da “bikini” - “alama”, “layi”. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa tsiri a jiki da launi mai haske sune farkon fifiko ga maza. Juveniles da mace ba su da launi masu launi.
A dabi'a, kifi suna zaune a cikin ramuka da sassan koguna tare da jinkirin kwarara tsakanin yawancin snags da ganyayyakin bishiyoyi. Ruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda tare da yalwar tannins, sakamakon lalacewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Hakanan, yana da shawarar yin zane da kuma akwatin kifaye. Wannan ba wai kawai ya ba da damar kifin ya kasance a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi don kansu ba, har ma yana taimakawa wajen riƙe haske da launi. A wasu yanayi, Amistogram na iya rasa launuka.
An dauke su da kusanci cikin aminci dangane da wasu nau'in, wanda ba abin mamaki bane saboda girman matsakaici - tsofaffi masu tsayi sun kai tsawon kimanin cm 8. A cikin jinsin, komai bai da jituwa. Idan mata suna da abokantaka sosai, to kuwa maza ba sa abokantaka da juna, kuma a lokacin ɓarna, suna iya shiga cikin yanayin. A wannan lokacin, ana kuma kai hari ga mata, sabili da haka, don kare su, ya zama dole don samar da mafaka masu aminci, wanda kuma zai iya zama "wurin gandun daji" inda soya zai haɗu a farkon kwanakin rayuwar su. A cikin kananan akwatin ruwa, an bada shawara don kula da girman ƙungiyar maza ɗaya da mata uku ko fiye.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata gaba ɗaya don aquariums tare da apistogram
Duk nau'o'in apistogram don rayuwa mai dadi suna buƙatar isasshen adadin mafaka a cikin akwatin kifaye, irin su busasshen itace da katako. Suna kuma buƙatar ciyayi mai yawa. Tunda kifayen ba su da niyyar tono ƙasa da lalata algae, abu ne mai sauki don samar da madaidaicin adadin kayan kore a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Duk abubuwan da ake amfani dasu suna buƙatar cikakken haske, wanda ya dace ya zama na halitta. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to ya kamata kuyi amfani da fitila mai ƙirar wucin gadi.
Ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin ya kamata ya zama a kai a kai, aƙalla lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 4, a maye gurbin shi da 1/5. A yayin canjin ruwa, kasan ya kamata a tsabtace ragowar abinci da sharar gida daga mazaunan akwatin kifaye.
Ka'idoji na yau da kullun don ciyar da apistogram
Kamar kowane kifi daga dangin Tsikhlovye, apistogram suna buƙatar abinci mafi yawanci. Ana iya ba da kifi na jini, coronetra, fleas na ruwa, da kuma naƙar fata sauro (a cikin ruwa na akwatin kifaye, da sauri lardin ya zama cizon sauro, sabili da haka ya kamata a ba su a cikin adadi kaɗan).
Za a iya maye gurbin abincin mai rai tare da kankara, wanda kuma ana iya sayan sawu a kantin sayar da dabbobi. Abinci na abinci mai kyau yana haɓaka da flakes kayan lambu. Idan babu abinci mai mahimmanci, kifin zai iya sarrafa hadaddun abinci a cikin hatsi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Ramirez Apistogram
Waɗannan kifayen sun cancanci mafi kyau a cikin abubuwan da ake yin su. Ba wuya ba za'a same su a shagunan dabbobi da ƙarƙashin wasu sunaye:
malam buɗe ido cichlid, ramirezi apistogram, malam buɗe ido, chromis malam buɗe ido, malam buɗe ido, malam buɗe ido, ramirezi microgeophagus.
Launin launi na Ramistrezi yana da rikitarwa saboda haɗuwa da launuka masu yawa. Fuskokinsu suna da launin toka mai tsananin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai haske. Shugaban da kirji suna zinari da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Wani bakar fata na wucewa ta kai ta ido.
Rikirin Azami na Ramirezi akan ciki yana da tabo mai zaki. Akwai wani wuri mai duhu a ƙasan ƙarshen murfin. An yi gefen gefen ƙushin murfi da jan abu. Duk fins suna da shuɗi mai haske da launin shuɗi. A yau, ayyukan shayarwa sun kasa fitar da nau'ikan sikeli.
Agassitsa Apistogram
Wadannan kifayen suna da tsawon har zuwa cm 9. Suna iya rayuwa biyu a cikin jinsuna da kuma a cikin babban akwatin kifaye, kusa da ƙaramin, mai son zaman lafiya, kwanciyar hankali. Babban launi jikin shine jan ƙarfe tare da farin launin shuɗi. Layin duhu yana gudana tare da gefe, blurry ya wuce wutsiya. A gindin murfin ma akwai wani yanki mai duhu, gefensa kuma an yi masa da jan launi. Saboda yanayin launi, ana kiran wannan apistogram torchlight.
Cocoatoo apistogram
Tsawon kifin ya kai cm 8. natureaunar su ta zaman lafiya ce, masu ɗorewa. Suna da kyau don duka jinsuna da kuma babban akwatin kifaye. Babban launi na jikin kifin yana launin toka-shuɗi tare da haske mai launin shuɗi a gefenta. Cutar launin shuɗi-orange. Tare da jikin akwai wani yanki mai duhu wanda ya ƙare a cikin tabo a gindin wutsiya. Backashin baya da wutsiya sune ruwan lemo, ƙoshin fin da ƙashin hancin pectoral ne mai ruwan hoda mai shuɗi.
Bayanin
Apistogram - kifin akwatin kifaye daga gidan cichlid. Girmanta bai wuce tsawon santimita 7 ba, kuma mafi yawan lokuta suna yin santimita 5 ne kawai. Wannan karamin yana ba ku damar ɗaukar hoto a cikin ƙarfin 30-lita, har ma da ƙaramin garken. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin hoto suna nuna cikakken zaɓin dangane da yanayin tsarewar da kyakkyawar dabi'a ga sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Gaskiya ne, irin wannan halittar ba ta rayuwa tsawon rai - a mafi kyau, shekaru 4. Ya danganta da nau'in jiki, yana da kololuwa mai tsawon rai ko kusan siffar zagaye. Ya kamata a fayyace nan da nan cewa sunan apistogram yana haɗuwa da ɗimbin yawa, kowane ɗayan yana da halaye na kansa.
A cikin yanayin, kifi sun fi son jikin ruwa tare da jinkirin hanya da yawan ganyayyaki da suka faɗi, algae da snags.
Ruwa a cikin wannan yanayin, saboda tannins, ya juya launin ruwan kasa, don haka an ba da shawara don kula da irin wannan yanayin a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wannan ba wai kawai ya haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don apistogram ba, har ma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye hasken launi, wanda a cikin wasu yanayi na iya zama maras nauyi. AF dukda cewa halittun suna da matukar abokantaka, a cikin garken kuwa maza zasu iya danganta ga juna ta hanyar zalunci, kuma harma suna cutar da mace a lokacin tsiya.. Wannan yana bayyana buƙatar sanya wadataccen adadin ɗakuna da sihiri a cikin hanyoyin ruwa. Idan an zaɓi akwatin kifaye ƙananan, yana da kyau ƙirƙirar garken ɗa namiji ɗaya da aƙalla mata uku.
Amintattun kayan cocin na cockatoo suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 5. Girman maza ya kai santimita 9 a tsayi, amma mace ba ta wuce iyakokin 4-5 santimita. Kifi ya dace daidai cikin kowane akwatin kifaye tare da ɗimbin tsire-tsire da matsuguni, da ruwa mai tsabta. Yana da mahimmanci cewa girman tanki ya fara daga lita 50.
Apistogram Ramirezi shine mafi shahararrun nau'in, wanda kuma aka sani da malam buɗe ido. Kyakkyawan launinta mai kyau da halayyar abokantaka sun bayyana shahararrun shahararrun mutane a cikin masu binciken ruwa. Tsawon kifin bai wuce santimita 5 ba. Cikakken tsarinsa shine apistogram na Ramirezi balan-balan, wanda ke da sabon yanayin zagaye na jikin mutum. Wannan nau'ikan yana da rauni fiye da "asali", sabili da haka, yana buƙatar mafi daidaitaccen abun ciki, rashi yawan zafin jiki da aikin ruwa mai tsayayye.
Baya ga tanki, akwai wani dutse mai lullubi, wanda ya shahara ta hanyar saukowa da gangara mai tsawo.
Abistogram na Borelli kyakkyawan wakilci ne na cyclides, wanda girmansa bai wuce santimita 8 ba. Apistogram agassitsa ba shi da girma da yawa kuma gaba ɗaya ba kifi mai saurin fushi ba. An ba da shawarar siyan shi kawai don masu fasaha aquarists, tun da kulawar halitta yana da ƙayyadaddu. Masu shayarwa sun cire launuka da yawa na wannan nau'in: agassitsa wuta ja, agassitsa nin ed biyu da sauran su.
Apistogram na Macmaster ya girma zuwa 9 santimita a tsayi kuma yana da launuka daban-daban. Dole ne a adana shi a cikin babban tanda ba tare da igiyoyin ruwa ba kuma tare da tsaftataccen ruwa, saboda haka kawai masu ilimin aquarists suna zaɓar yanayin kamala mai sauƙi. Fitar kayan aikin Widget yana da launuka masu yawa, waɗanda suka shahara a cikinsu sune Widget Window da Widget. Tsawon kifin bai wuce santimita 8 ba.
Apistogram na altispinosis, shi ma malam buɗe ido ne na Bolivia, yana nuna launinta mai haske kawai a yanayin yanayin da ake ciki.
Yana da mahimmanci a warware shi ko dai shi kadai ko tare da maƙwabta masu aminci.
Abubuwan panduro apistogram suna da matukar damuwa ga acidity na ruwa, sabanin dangin sa. Bugu da kari, yana buƙatar babban tanki mai sauƙi - mutane biyu zasu buƙaci akwatin akwatin na 100 lita. Tsawon maza ba ya wuce santimita 8, kuma mace ba ta iya girma zuwa tsawon 5 cm. A waje, panduro, a hanya, ba ya da kyan gani sosai, tunda babban inuwarsa launin toka ne. Maza, duk da haka, suna da tsararren lemu, amma a kan wutsiya.
Dace da sauran kifayen
Abubuwan zaman lafiya-na zaman lafiya suna rayuwa tare da kwanciyar hankali tare da duk wani kifin da baya nuna alamun tashin hankali ko karuwar mallaka. Sabili da haka, za a iya yin zaɓi ko dai ta hanyar kyakkyawan launuka masu launuka, ko kuma ɗabi'ar cin abinci iri ɗaya.
Idan aka cika su da karnuka, dabbobin gida kansu za su zama abinci ga manyan halittu.
Don nau'ikan apistogram daban-daban, maƙwabta daban-daban za su yi. Misali, don balloons da altispinoses an zaɓe su a matsayin mazaunan guppies da maza, kuma ramirezi an mamaye cikin akwatin kifaye guda tare da kifin kifi ko zebrafish. Koyaushe abokin zama mai kyau ana ɗaukarsa ƙwallan ƙwallan ƙwal.
Yanayin girma
Kasar za ta iya zama yashi na yau da kullun ko dunƙule mai kyau. Haske ba mahimmanci ba ne, amma kasancewar ciyayi yana da sakamako mai amfani a kan yanayin mazaunan akwatin kifaye.
Canjin yanayi da canje-canje na ruwa na yau da kullun suna da mahimmanci. Masana sun ba da shawarar ko dai maye gurbin 10% na jimlar adadin a kowace rana, ko canza daga 25 zuwa 30% na ruwa kowane mako. Tunda apistogram suna da hankali sosai ga chlorine da ke cikin ruwa, kafin zuba sabon kashi a cikin akwatin kifin, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kare shi.
Samun mafaka da kayan kwalliya a cikin akwatin kifaye, dole ne ka tabbatar da cewa adadin su aƙalla ya wuce adadin mata. A cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya ba a hana shi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan apistogram da yawa ba.
Dokokin ciyarwa
Apistogram yana son cin abinci tare da cin abinci tare da jin daɗin duk abincin da ke kusa. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa girman ayyukan su, tun da yawan wuce gona yana haifar da matsaloli tare da jijiyoyin ciki, wanda ke zama mummunan cututtuka. Ciyar da kifi sau biyu a rana daidai yake da ɗan adadinsa. Ana la'akari da apistogram a koyaushe abu ne mai sabani, saboda haka mafi kyawun mafita shine a ba ta haɗakar abinci daban-daban. Ya kamata tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire su kasance a cikin abincin dabbobi, alal misali, algae mai lafiya, abincin da aka sanyaya daga abincin teku, kwari da daskararre, ƙwari, da tubule mai rai da na jini.
Ya kamata a fara murƙushe manyan ƙasusuwa, kuma a sarrafa abincin da yakamata a samar da maganin potassiumgangan.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ba a hana yin amfani da kayan da aka shirya wanda aka tsara ta hanyar da zasu hada dukkanin bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. An tsara wasu daga cikinsu don haskaka launi da haɓaka ayyukan halittar. Idan kun tattara abincin apistogram da kyau, yana da sauƙi ku tsokani girma da ci gabansa - a cikin watanni 6 girmansa zai karu sau da yawa.
Banbancin jima'i da haihuwa
Haihuwa irin kayan maye a gida kamar wani tsari ne mai ban sha'awa. A cikin wasu nau'in, an kafa nau'i-nau'i masu cikakken ƙarfi, waɗanda ke shiga ba wai kawai haifuwa ba, har ma a cikin haɗin gwiwa don zuriya. Ana la'akari da shi daidai lokacin da ma'aurata suka faru ba tare da sa hannun masu ba, wanda ke nufin cewa da farko ya cancanci samun garken kifaye. Lokacin shakatawa yana faruwa daga Maris zuwa Oktoba. Mace tayi kusan qwai 150, wanda lallai hakan yana buƙatar ɗakin kwana.
Zazzabi a cikin akwatin kifaye a wannan lokacin ana bada shawara don haɓaka zuwa matakin 25-28 na zafi, kuma don tabbatar da cewa matakin acidity yana cikin kewayon daga 6.5 zuwa 6.8.
Ci gaban soya ba shi da tsayi ba - domin ƙwai su canza zuwa kifi mai cike da tsiya, zai ɗauki tsawon makonni biyu. Da farko, abincin da aka soya akan abin da ke cikin kwalayen gwaiduwa, sannan za su buƙaci microworms, artemia da aka yanka, ko abinci na musamman da aka zaɓa. Namiji a wannan lokacin yana matukar kulawa da iyalai. Yayinda kifayen ke tasowa, yakamata a kiyaye ingantattun yanayi a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma duk wani yanayi mai sanya damuwa zai kauce masa.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Abubuwan ɗoraƙin ƙwaƙwalwa da kansu suna da ƙoshin lafiya a cikin adalci, don haka duk matsalolin da ke tattare da su sakamakon rashin dacewar kulawa ne ko rashin bin ka'idodin tsarewa. Wannan, duk da haka, game da nau'ikan halitta ne, tunda waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin ɗabi'a sun kasance masu rauni sosai kuma suna mummunar amsawa ga canjin kowane alamun ruwa: zafin jiki, tauri, abun da ke ciki ko ma'aunin acid-base.
Matsaloli tare da ƙwayar gastrointestinal na faruwa ko dai saboda yawan cin abinci na apistogram, ko saboda abinci mai rai wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba.
Sau da yawa sau dayawa, apistogram suna rashin lafiya tare da hexamitosis wanda ya haifar da wani m. Abu ne mai sauki a tantance cutar ta hana cin abincin dabbobi, launi mai duhu da canji na gani a cikin yanayin ciki. Dole ne a keɓe kifin mara lafiya. Zazzabi na ruwan da ke cikin ya zama ya karu a hankali zuwa digiri 34-35, kuma ya kamata a haɗu da ruwan tare da furazolidone.