Hummingbird - Gungun tsuntsayen da ba a saba gani ba, gami da nau'ikan 330. An sanya su cikin wani tsari na Hummingbird dabam. Kyauta suna kusan kusa da tsarin hummingbirds, wanda a baya aka haɗa su cikin rukuni ɗaya.

Hummingbird sanannen don ƙarancin girman su: tsayin yawancin jinsuna ya dace da ma'aunin santimita biyu, nauyi 2-4 g, har ma da mafi girma nau'in - babban giram ɗin hummingbird - yana da tsawon 20 cm, wanda rabin shine wutsiya. Waɗannan waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen ne kuma ɗayan eban ƙananan kanana a gaba ɗaya. Halittar jikin Hummingbird yayi kama da masu wucewa: kai matsakaiciyar girman kai, gajere, wuƙa fikafikai. Amma ƙafafunsu gajere ne kuma suna da rauni sosai.

A cikin nau'ikan jinsunan hummingbirds, siffar baki da wutsiya sun bambanta sosai. Za a iya yankan baki a gajarta, dogo mai siffa mai kyau ko kuma mai karfi a cikin baka. Wutsiya galibi gajere ne, yankan mara kunya, wani lokacin tsayi ko doshi. Ganyen waɗannan tsuntsayen yayi ƙanana, fuka-fukan an yi rauni a cikin fata. Hummingbird plumage ya ƙunshi duka launuka na bakan gizo, kodayake kowane jinsin mutum bashi da launi kamar launuka, alal misali. Fuka-fukan Hummingbird suna da wani fasali mai ban sha'awa - sun banbanta wutar da suka faru akan su ta bangarori daban-daban. Saboda haka, launi daya da sashi na jikin mutum zai iya canzawa, ya danganta da wane bangare ka duba shi - yana da kyau hummingbird ya juya kansa kuma wani launi mai launin kore mai launin shuɗi tare da wutar shunayya. Ba abin mamaki ba ana kiran waɗannan tsuntsayen kayan adon furanni!

Fasalin jirgin sama

Abin sha'awa, hummingbirds na iya zama a jikin rassa, suna shafe su da dabbobinsu, kuma ba za su iya motsawa a doron kasa ba.

Amma waɗannan tsuntsayen kusan ba sa buƙatar paws, saboda sun fi yawancin rayuwarsu gudu. Hanyar motsin waɗannan tsuntsayen ya sha bamban. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa a cikin jirgin hummingbird babu wani tsari na tashi ko tsari, lokacin da tsuntsu ya motsa akan fuka-fukan. Madadin haka, hummingbirds suna yada fikafikan su kullun a lokutan har izuwa sau 100 a sakan daya! Wannan hanyar sufuri yana buƙatar babban adadin kuzari. Don kwatantawa, ya isa a faɗi cewa idan mutum zai iya girgiza hannayensa da wannan saurin, jikinsa zai yi zafi har zuwa zafin jiki na 400 ° C! Hummingbirds suna da na'urori masu mahimmanci don rage farashin kuzari. Da farko, a cikin fikafikansu da kansu, kasusuwa suna haɗu tare don reshe ɗin ya samar da jirgin sama guda ɗaya kuma shimfidarsa mai ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa.

Don murɗa wannan reshe, hummingbird ya kara motsi a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Abu na biyu, hummingbird yana da babban zuciya kuma ya mamaye kashi 40-50% na yawan jikin! Hanya na tsuntsayen nan na da matukar girma, domin su rayu, ana tilasta musu ci kullum.

Rarraba

Dukkan nau'ikan hummingbirds suna zaune a Sabuwar Duniya. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun kai ga mafi yawan bambanci a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, a Arewacin Amurka ana samun su ne kawai a yankin kudanci. Iyakar abin da ban da banbanta shi ne ruby-throated-hummingbird, wanda kewayonsa ya kai tsaunukan Duwatsu da Kanada. Dangane da rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, wannan nau'in yana yin jiragen sama na lokaci-lokaci zuwa Mexico - yayin jirgin, tsuntsaye sun rufe nesa daga 4000-5000 kilomita! Saurin yana taimaka wajan shawo kan wannan babban fili na hummingbirds, saboda waɗannan abubuwan fashewa suna tashi da sauri zuwa 80 km / h. Sauran nau'in suna saddled. Dukkan jinsunan hummingbirds suna rayuwa keɓance a cikin gandun daji. Yawan kewayon wasu nau'in na iya iyakatacce (irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana kiransu da haɓaka).

Rayuwa

Hummingbirds suna zaune shi kaɗai. Waɗannan tsuntsayen haɓaka ne waɗanda ke tashi a ko yaushe don neman abinci. Suna aiki ne kawai a cikin rana, kuma da dare ... Gaskiyar ita ce saboda saurin hanzari, dare don hummingbirds yana daidai da makonni da yawa na rayuwa ga mutum. Kashe lokaci mai yawa ba tare da hummingbirds na abinci ba zai iya, saboda haka, tare da isowar almara, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun faɗi cikin tsananin tsoro, wanda yake daidai yake da ƙarancin bears. A lokacin kiftawa, motsi na hummingbird yana raguwa, zafin jiki yana sauka zuwa 17-21 ° C. Tare da haskoki na farko na rana, "kyawawan bacci" suna ɗumi kuma suna rayuwa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Saboda yawan buƙatun makamashi, hummingbirds sun haɓaka tsinkayen gastronomic na musamman. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kan nectar da pollen tsire-tsire. Wadannan abinci suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin carbohydrates, amma sunadarai a cikin furotin. Hummingbirds suna cin ƙananan kwari don cika bukatar furotin. Daban-daban nau'ikan hummingbirds sun fi son ƙarancin tsire-tsire daban-daban, wasu nau'ikan suna da ƙwararrun masarufi waɗanda za su iya ci a kan tsire-tsire iri ɗaya ne kawai! Daga wannan ne nau'in beak a cikin nau'ikan halitta ya dogara. Hummingbirds suna da hankali sosai kuma suna cin abinci har sau 2 a rana.

Kiwo

Tsarin hummingbird na arewa ya haifar a lokacin bazara, jinsin wurare masu zafi - duk shekara. Namiji yana ba da kariya ga rukunin sa, amma yana iyakance kulawa da haihuwa ta hanyar zama tare da mace, sauran ayyukan ma suna fada a wuyanta. Mace ta gina gida daga cikin mafi kyawu daga ciyawa, ulu da ma cobwebs. Gida yana kan ƙananan bakin bakin rassan da ba su iya kaiwa ga mafarautan bishiya, wani lokacin ana haɗa shi zuwa ganyayyaki da sauran abubuwan da suka dace. Matar tana sanya ƙaramar ƙwai 2 (nauyin da ƙanƙan ƙanƙaninsa shine 2 MG!) Kuma yana sanya su har tsawon kwanaki 16-18. Tana ciyar da kayen da aka harba tare da nectar, wanda aka tsotse shi cikin bakin sa sannan aka tura shi zuwa gida. Hakan yana faruwa cewa kajin na tsammanin mahaifiya ta fada cikin matsananciyar yunwar. Matar da aka dawo da ita ta kange su kuma a zahiri tilasta musu-ciyar dasu, saboda rayuwar hummingbird ya dogara da abinci. Kyankyasai suna girma da sauri kuma suna barin gida a cikin kwanaki 20-25.

Barazanar rayuwa

A dabi'a, hummingbirds sun zama wadanda ke fama da macizai na bishiyoyi da tarantulas, waɗanda suke jira a tsakanin tsirrai. Hakanan mutum ya ba da gudummawa ga halakar waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen. Komai dariya mai ban dariya, ana rage ƙananan hummingbir don gashin fuka-fukan. Koda karamin sata yayi barazanar kasancewar duk jinsin halittu, saboda dazuka hummingbird suna da fadi sosai. Ana iya kiyaye waɗannan tsuntsayen cikin bauta, amma kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa suna da wadataccen damar amfani da abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin hummingbird wanda yake fama da yunwa nan take ya raunana, ya daina motsawa, kuma yana matukar kokarin kiyaye duminsa ta hanyar rufe jikinta da fikafikan.

Gabatarwa:

Olympiad “Dalibin uryalibai na ƙarni na 21: Karatun Littattafai

1. Yi aiki tare da nassin aikin (karatun darussan).

1. Karanta aikin. Kammala ayyukan zuwa rubutun.

A cikin shuru mai zafi, taiga ta daskare. A cikin suturar dusar ƙanƙara tare da dala mai kaifi, shuɗi-shuɗi kore. Shaggy hoarfrost ya rufe bushes. A zahiri cikin daji, kuma a irin wannan ranar mai iska, babu iska ana jin duk wani rudani. Wani saƙo na bakin ciki, ƙaramin ƙarfi fiye da saƙar sauro, kuma ana jin karar tsutsa a tsakanin manyan rassan fir. Wani siliki na karamin tsuntsu ya fashe a cikin allura, walɗa mai kwalliya da aka yayyafa daga bishiyar.

Wannan kinglet shine karamin tsuntsu a kasar mu. Wannan shine wasanmu na hummingbird. Tana cikin sautunan launin kore, tare da kambi na zinariya a bayyane ta bayyane a kai.

Don wannan fasalin a cikin suturar, mutane sun kira ƙaramin sarki tsuntsu. Ba ta kai manyan sarakuna ba.

Mutane suna tafiya irin wannan tatsuniya. Tsuntsayen sun yanke shawara su zaɓa matsayin sarkinsu wanda zai hau saman sama. Wasu sun cire kawai a saman gandun daji, wasu sun fi girma, amma ba wanda ke da ƙarfin yin gasa da gaggafa. Ya yi girman kai a kan tsaunuka ba da babban tsawo ba. Kuma lokacin da ya tabbata cewa babu wanda zai iya tashi sama da shi, sai ya yanke shawarar nutsewa ƙasa. Kuma a wannan lokacin wani kankanin tsuntsu ya tashi daga karkashin reshe kuma, yayi karfin gwiwa yana jujjuyawa sama, yayi nasara:

Daga baya aka bayyana yaudarar, sannan aka gane gaggafa a matsayin sarkin tsuntsayen. Karamin yarinyar an kira shi da dariya sarki.

Ina mamakin yadda irin wannan ɗan, tare da ƙaramin jiki na gram biyar zuwa shida a nauyi, yake fama da tsananin sanyi. Haka kuma, ita ma tana waka a cikin arba'in a kasa da sifiri. Sarakuna suna cikin garken tumaki a cikin gandun daji A salon rayuwa, suna da kusanci da tsuntsaye. Sarakuna suna da wadata kuma ba sa gajiyawa a cikin kullun a cikin allura mai yawa, suna wa kowace katako suna neman abinci. Tare da lalata acrobatic, wannan jaririn yana ɗaukar wurare da yawa kuma, yana ɗaukar wasu kwari, ya sake ɓoye a cikin allura. Wani lokacin, yana juyawa, yakan tsaya a cikin iska a ƙarshen ƙarshen reshen kuma, da sauri yana juyawa fuka-fukansa, neman kayan abincinsa.

Fa'idodin gandun daji daga sarki suna da matukar tasirin gaske. A lokacin bazara, masara guda daya yana lalata kusan insectsan ƙananan kwari miliyan huɗu da lardin su. A lokacin bazara da damina, a lokacin ƙaura yanayi, sarakuna kan ziyarci gandun daji masu tsalle-tsalle da lambuna tare da titmouse. Wannan jariri yana zaune a bishiyoyi masu tsayi, a rataye da'ira tare da ƙofar gefe zuwa ɗayan manyan rassan. Gida yana da ƙananan (girman ƙwallon tanis), amintaccen ɓoye kuma yana da wahalar samu. A cikin kama - daga shida zuwa takwas na farin ciki tare da rare launin ruwan kasa-ja aibobi na qwai qwai.

Korolek yana da kwarjini, da sauri mutum yayi amfani dashi, ba a sani ba don ciyar da sauƙi kama garkuwa.

1. Wane tsuntsu ake kira Far Eastern Hummingbird?

Alamomin Gaggawa na Hummingbird-Bruce mai ɗaukar hoto - Plumebearer

Girman ma'aunin mace mai ɗaukar fata-hummatbird-plum mai ɗaukar nauyin 18 - 25 cm, 11-18 cm a kowane wutsiya nauyin yana 5 grams - 5.3. Mata masu launin baƙar fata-hummingbird ba su da ƙasa da 13-15 cm.

Hummingbird mai launin baƙar fata (Plumeria) (cin nasarar Lesbia).

Fuka-fukan wutsiyar sun kasance ne ta hanyar gashin fuka-fukai na dogayen launuka masu launi tare da kunkuntar mara nauyi-kore mai duhu Ilan ta maza da ƙima mai zurfi. Fuka fukafukai kaɗan ne idan aka kwatanta da wutsiya. Mata suna da gajeren wutsiya.

Yawancin ire-iren Hummingbird mai launin Baki-Plumebearer

'Yan lesbian masu launin fata-baƙar fata suna zaune ba da wuri ko tsaunukan da ke da ruwa ba, tsaunukan tsaunuka na yankuna masu tsaunuka a cikin Andes, har ila yau suna rayuwa masu ƙasƙanci. Yana yadawa a cikin yanayin bushewa na tsaunukan Andean. Ana samun wannan nau'in hummingbird a gefen gefunan daji, a kan tsaunin tsaunukan da aka rufe da bishiyoyi, a cikin lambuna da sauran shimfidar wurare masu buɗewa.

'Yan wasan Hummingbird suna zaune a yankuna masu tuddai.

Mafi karancin tsuntsayen hummingbird yayin da suke rayuwa cikin daji.

Wataƙila kowa ya ji labarin ƙaramin tsuntsu a duniya - a hummingbird. Mafi karancin wannan dangi yana nauyin gram 1.6 - 1.8. Amma akwai ƙattai, tsawon santimita 20.

Wadannan crumbs suna zaune ne musamman a Yammacin Hemisphere, mafi yawansu suna gida ne a cikin kwari na Amazon, a cikin tsaunukan Kudancin Amurka. Amma wasu nau'in ma sun isa Alaska. Harkokin Hummingbir suna zaune gandun daji da tsaunuka, filayen har ma da hamada. Wasu nau'ikan suna gama gari ne kawai inda furanni suke girma, wanda shine sahun tsuntsaye ya sami karbuwa.

Tunda hummingbirds sun ci abinci mai yawa, suna cikin binciken na har abada don "ciyar da abinci". Kuma suna da abin da za su ci don kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da kuma haɓaka metabolism. Yana faruwa cewa a cikin rana sukan ci sau biyu nauyin nauyinsu. Suna ciyar da ciyawa da ƙananan kwari. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa tsuntsayen ba sa zaune a kan furanni, suna tashi sama da su, suna tsayar da dogon harshensu, suna birgima cikin bututu kuma suna fitar da ƙoshin nectar, idan wani kwari da gizo-gizo suka shigo cikinsa, su ma za su tsotse su kai tsaye. Hakanan, suna yawo a kan mazaun, suna ciyar da kajin, suna yin amafani da bera daga gemunsa zuwa kugu.

A cikin jirgin, hummingbirds suna fasa fikafikan su yadda yake, kamar dai rubuta adadi takwas ne a sama. Erarancin birdsan tsuntsaye, da ƙarin saurin jujjuya su, ban da wannan, waɗannan yaran masu ban al'ajibi na iya tashi da baya, kaɗai ne kowane nau'in tsuntsaye .. Saboda kyawun launi, mai launi, mutane sun lalata hummingbirds. Yanzu an jera jinsunan hummingbirds sama da 10 a cikin littafin Red.

Rayuwar dangi na Hummingbird ma abu ne da ke da ma'ana, ba su haifar da ma'aurata ba, mace suna shirya gida "gida" daga kayan taushi, alal misali, cobwebs. Manya-manyan suna ƙanana, kamar su walnuts, kuma babba, kamar kan ƙananan yara. Namiji baya daukar nauyin karatun 'ya' ya, amma yana kiyaye yankin, yana korar masu gasa.

Abu mafi kayatarwa kuma abu ne mai ban mamaki shine cewa hummingbirds suna canza yanayin jikinsu, yayin jirgin yana tashi zuwa digiri 40, cikin dare duk tsuntsayen suna iya zama akan rassa kuma yanayin zafin jikinsu nan da nan ya sauka zuwa digiri 20. Don haka suna iya yin awoyi 15 zuwa 20. Zuciya mai ƙarfi hummingbird tana mamaye rabin jikinsu kuma shine sau uku girman ciki.

A cikin zaman talala, tare da karancin abinci, hummingbird ya fadi a kasa, yayi kasa a dunƙule ya zama adadi, yayin da zafin jikinsa ya sauka. Don "farfado" da tsuntsu, ya isa ya dumama ko ciyar da shi.

Matsayin kiyayewa na Hummingbird-Black-tailed

Holo mai launin baƙar fata-ta-baƙar fata ba ta cikin jinsin tsuntsayen tare da barazanar yalwar duniya. A cikin mazauninsu, wannan jinsin al'ada ne na kowa. Kariyar daga CITES (Shafi na II). Kwanan nan, mazaunin ya kasance yana lalata saboda yawaitar gandun daji sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam.

Peculiarities of the hali of black-tailed hummingbird - wutsiya

Masu horar da baƙar fata ta fata mai launin baƙar fata suna jagorancin salon rayuwa ɗaya ban da kiwo. Maza suna shiga cikin haifuwa don tsarin tayi kawai da mace. Ba sa yin ƙaura cikin fakitoci kuma ba su yin nau'i-nau'i na dindindin. Yayin saduwa, maza hummingbirds suna jan hankalin 'yan mata' ya 'ya ta hanyar tashi, suna rubuta wani tsari a cikin harafin U a gaban mace.

Yawan fuka-fukan tsuntsayen hummingbird sun ninka har sau 50 a sakan biyu.

Nan da nan bayan an balaga, namiji ya bar ta don dattako da wasu mata. A cikin dukkan alama, mace tana aure tare da maza da yawa. Maza basa shiga cikin zabar wani gida, gina gida da kuma ciyar da kajin. Maza suna bi zuwa wani yanki na abinci. Suna yin taka-tsantsan ga tsirran furanni da aka samo, suna korar sauran maza, da masu gasa neman abinci - manyan kwari irin su daskararru da shaho.

Maza koyaushe suna tashi a kan iyakokin shafin, suna kare yankinsu. Ana samun saurin tasirin jirgin sama ta hanyar yawan tashe-tashen hankulan mutane, kusan sau 50 a sakan biyu.

Hummingbirds suna jujjuya fikafikan su ba a tsaye ba, amma a sararin samaniya, wanda ke bawa tsuntsaye damar tashi wutsiya da farko har ma da "ta gefe".