• Ranar haifuwa:

Suna: EUROPEAN Mink - Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761)

Squad: Tsarkaka.

Iyali: Cunyi.

Matsayi na Kare: Rukuni na 1 An jera shi cikin Red Books na Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan da Tatarstan, yankin Kirov.

Gajeriyar bayanin: Girman matsakaitan matsakaici ne, tsayin jiki har zuwa 43 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai 800 g, wutsiya ɗan gajere fiye da rabin tsawon jikin. Tsakanin yatsunsu, musamman akan ƙafa, ƙwayoyin yin iyo suna da ɗan ci gaba sosai. Launin Jiki yana launin ruwan kasa duhu, mai launin shuɗi mai haske, ɗan ɗan haske a gefen ventral ɗin kuma duhu a saman da wutsiya. A saman lebe da ƙananan lebe, a kan Chin kuma wani lokacin akan kirji akwai fararen fata, yawancin lokuta suna mamaye babban yanki akan ƙyalli, wanda shine shari'ar American mink.

Yaɗa: Yayi tartsatsi a Turai, Caucasus da Yammacin Siberiya. A halin yanzu, nau'in halitta na jinsin ya ƙunshi ƙananan rabe-raben ƙasashe a Spain, Faransa, Romania, Ukraine da Russia.

Lafiyar Qasa: Yana jagoranci rayuwar rayuwar ruwa-rabi. Yana zaune ne musamman a cikin kananan tafkunan da ke gudana a cikin gandun daji, suna bibiyar yankunan da ke cike da tarin bakin teku da kuma rigingimun da ba a daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa.

Halin yanzu: Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, mink na Turai sun mamaye duk wuraren zama a cikin ƙasar Udmurtia. A cewar bayanan sayen jamhuriyyar, a cikin shekarun 1960, kimanin pelts dubu 1 ne suka mika wuya, amma a shekaru masu zuwa rabon wannan nau'in yana raguwa koyaushe. Dangane da bincike da bayanan sirri, a ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe, mink na Turai zai iya ci gaba a wasu yankuna na jamhuriya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amintaccen bayani game da tarurruka na dabbobi a cikin yankin Udmurtia ba ya nan.

Iyakance abubuwan: Rushewa da lalata ƙaƙƙarfan mazauna, ƙaura daga mink na Amurka.

Matakan Tsaro: Gudanar da aikin bincike a wuraren da za'a iya yiwuwa jinsunan su kasance a jamhuriyar.

Tushen bayanai: 1. Ja. 2004, 2. Ja. 2006, 3. Ka'idoji. 2011, 4. Aristov, Baryshnikov, 2001, 5. Skumatov, 2005, 6. Bobrov et al., 2008, 7. Aulagnier et. al., 2011, 8. Kirisov, 1969, 9. Rare. 1988, 10. Ukraintseva, Kapitonov, 1997.

Bayanin

Ka'idar Turai ita ce mafi ƙarancin dabba. Maza wani lokacin yakan yi girma zuwa 40 cm tare da nauyin 750 g, kuma mace ma ba ta da yawa - tana auna kimanin kilo kilogram da kaɗan fiye da tsayi cm 25 Jikin yana da tsawo, ƙafafunsa gajeru. Wutsiya ba ta da faɗi 10-15 cm mai tsayi.

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Zzlearfin kunkuntar, gaɗaɗɗen ɗanɗano, tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu zagaye, kusan suna ɓoye cikin farin ulu kuma tare da idanu masu haske. Yatsin mink ana magana da membrane, wanda za'a iya lura dashi sosai akan ƙashin bayan kafa.

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Jawo mai kauri ne, mai yawa, ba mai tsawo ba, tare da kyakkyawan ruwa wanda yake bushe har da bayan tsaftataccen tsarin ruwa. Launi mai kauri ne, daga haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, da wuya baƙar fata. Akwai farin speck a kan Chin da kirji.

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Juyoloji da mazauninsu

A da, minks na Turai sun rayu a ko'ina cikin Turai, daga Finland zuwa Spain. Koyaya, yanzu ana iya samo su a ƙananan yankuna a Spain, Faransa, Romania, Ukraine da Russia. Yawancin wannan nau'in suna zaune a Rasha. Anan, adadin su shine mutum 20,000 - kashi biyu bisa uku na adadin duniya.

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Wannan nau'in yana da takamaiman buƙatu don mazauna, wanda shine ɗayan dalilai na raguwar girman adadin jama'a. Su halittu ne masu ruwa-da-ruwa na rayuwa a ruwa da kuma kan tudu, saboda haka dole ne su zauna kusa da jikin ruwan. Halin halayen dabbobi ne cewa dabbobin suna zama na kusa da kogunan ruwa, koguna, rafuffukan ruwa da fadamammu. Ba a rubuta adadin yanayin bayyanar mink na Turai tare da bakin tekun ba.

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Bugu da kari, Mustela lutreola na buƙatar ciyayi mai yawa a gefen gabar. Suna tsara gidajensu ta hanyar tono rami ko adonanan rakodin rami, suna dumama su ciyawa da ganyayyaki ta hanyar kasuwanci, ta hakan suna samar da nutsuwa ga kansu da zuriyarsu.

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Halaye

Minks sune kaddarawar dare, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da yamma. Amma wani lokacin sukan farauta da dare. Farauta yana faruwa ta hanya mai ban sha'awa - dabbar tana bin abin da ta farautowa daga bakin tekun, inda take ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinta.

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Minks suna da kyau masu yin iyo, yatsunsu tare da membranes suna taimaka musu amfani da paws kamar flippers. Idan ya cancanta, suna nutsewa da kyau, idan akwai haɗari suna iyo a ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa mita 20. Bayan ɗan gajeren numfashi, za su iya ci gaba da iyo.

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Abinci mai gina jiki

Minks sune naman dabbobi, wanda ke nufin sun ci nama. Mice, zomaye, kifi, crayfish, macizai, kwaɗi da tsuntsayen ruwa suna daga cikin abincinsu. An san mink na Turai don ciyar a kan wasu ciyayi. Ragowar fatalwar wasu lokuta ana adana su a cikin kogon su.

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Yana ciyar da kowane ƙaramin mazaunan Wuraren da muhalli. Abubuwan abinci na yau da kullun sune: bera, mice, kifi, amphibians, frogs, crayfish, beetles da larvae.

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Kusa da ƙauyuka, kaji, kaji da sauran ƙananan dabbobi wasu lokuta ana farauta su. A lokacin yunwa, suna iya cin sharar gida.

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An ba da fifiko ga kayan abincin sabo: a zaman talala, tare da rashin ingancin nama, suna fama da yunwa na kwanaki da yawa kafin su canza zuwa naman da aka lalace.

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Kafin sanyin sanyi, sukanyi kokarin yin kayayyaki a mafakarsu daga ruwa mai kifi, kifi, beraye, da wani lokacin tsuntsaye. A cikin wuraren rami mai zurfi, ana ajiye abubuwa marasa ƙarfi da frogs.

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Kiwo

Mink na Turai ba su da aure. Ba sa ɓuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi, suna rayuwa dabam da juna. Banda shi ne lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi, lokacin da maza masu aiki suka fara bin chaffi da kuma yakar mata masu shirin aure. Wannan yana faruwa a farkon bazara, kuma a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, bayan kwanaki 40 na ciki, ana haihuwar zuriya masu yawa. Yawancin lokaci a cikin zuriya ɗaya daga fromaya biyu zuwa bakwai. Mahaifiyarsu tana riƙe su cikin madara har tsawon watanni huɗu, sannan kuma gaba ɗaya suka canza zuwa abincin nama. Mahaifiya ta fita bayan kimanin watanni shida, kuma bayan watanni 10-12, ta kai ga balaga.