Dabbobi a cikin danginsu ƙanana ne ko na matsakaici. Tsawon jikin daga ƙarshen murabba'in zuwa tushen wutsiya ya fito ne daga 94 zuwa 115 cm, tsayinsa a ƙasan ya kasance daga 67 zuwa 80 cm. weightaukar nauyin maza daga kilo 29 zuwa 33, mace daga 24 zuwa 29 kg. Babban tsawon kwanyar shine daga 165 zuwa 205 mm. Ginin yana da siriri da haske sosai. Gajeru, gajeriyar jiki tana kan doguwar kafafu. Tsawon gaelles a ƙhersƙasassu yawanci ƙasa da ƙasa da tsayuwar sacrum. Shugaban yana da haske tare da nuna ƙyallen. Lebe na sama an rufe shi da gashi, kawai wani ɗan madaidaicin yanki na fata mai duhu tsakanin ƙananan sasanninta na hanci ya rage daga madubin hanci. Dalibin idanun yayi kadan a tsaye, kusan zagaye. Iris duhu launin ruwan kasa. Kunnuwa na gazelles na matsakaici tsayi, game da 12-16 cm, tare da nasihun da aka nuna.

Ana samun ƙahonin gwal, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai a cikin maza waɗanda ke da tsawon cm 27 zuwa 41. Tare da tushensu, galibi suna zaune gaba ɗaya a kan idanun. Siffar ƙaho kamar yadda aka saba. A kan sansanonin an hada su, sau da yawa kusan a layi daya, amma ba da daɗewa ba za a rarrabu da ƙarfi ga ɓangarorin kuma a lokaci guda baka mai juyawa da baya, kuma tare da madaidaicinsu a ciki da gaba. Launin ƙaho launin baƙi ne ko launin toka. Fuskar murfin ƙahon geyran ya ƙunshi babban adadin mai juzu'i, mafi haɓaka a gaban gaban zoben, a gindin ƙaho ana samun zoben kusa da juna, a tsakiyar ɓangare zuwa fiɗa da wuya. Thearshen ƙahon mai ƙahoni 8-9 cm daga fiɗa mai laushi. A matsayin kebance, mata ma suna da kaho, amma basu fi 5 cm tsawo ba.

A wuya yana da tsawo da bakin ciki. A kasan ta, duka maza da mata suna da larynx. Wata gabar jiki na bakin ciki. Hanyoyin suna da tsawo amma kunkuntar, tare da shawarwari masu kyau. Tsawon gaban hooves shine 49-56 mm; Tsawon gaban hooves tare da gaban gaba shine 28-35 mm, na bayan hooves yawanci 2-3 mm ƙasa, ƙasa da yawa daidai yake da ƙasa da na gaba wadanda. Additionalara ƙarin motsi, tsawon mm 10-12, suna sam daga saman ƙyallen ƙafafun na tsakiya. Wutsiya, idan aka kwatanta da zen, tana da tsawo, daga 17 zuwa 25 cm, kuma tare da gashi har zuwa 30 cm, ba da kashi uku daga uku daga gindin.

Gashin gashi, idan aka kwatanta, alal misali, tare da awaki daji da kuma barewa, yana da taushi da taushi, amma har yanzu yana taushi a saman gashi. Babu wata rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin gashin da ke ciki da farin daka. Jawo hunturu yana da kauri da kauri, tsawon gashi a bayansa ya kai cm 4-5. A lokacin rani, gashi yana da bakin ciki kuma ya fi guntu, kawai 1-1.5 cm. A kan kai, banda goshi, da kafafu na gashi, kullun yayi guntu, daure da fata. A kan ciki, akasin haka, ya fi tsayi a cikin hunturu. Matan suna da ƙananan fuftsin gashi mai tsawo a maimakon ƙaho. Rarrabe gashi na babba da wuyansa daga tushe shine launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan hoda, duhu duhu sama, da rawaya zuwa fiɗa. Endsarshen gashin gashi na bakin ciki ne, ya nuna (idan ba a karye ba), launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baƙi. Gashi a kan wuraren da aka yi masu launi mai sauƙi daga gindi har zuwa kololu fari ne, kuma akan wutsiya akwai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.

Babban launi na babba da wuya na gazelle shine yashi da launin toka da launin toka-toka. Gabaɗaya launin launi yana haɗe zuwa ɓangaren launin rawaya mai launin gashi. A bangarorin jiki, a kan iyaka tare da fararen launi na ciki, tsiri mai duhu, gashi mai launin ruwan ƙasa ya shimfiɗa a sama sama da gwiwar hannu da gwiwa. Wannan firam ɗin guda ɗaya akan bangarorin wani farin madubi kusa da wutsiya. Na karshen baya hawa saman wutsiya. Wutsiya mai launin shuɗi ce mai duhu, mai daɗewa fiye da ɗayan ɓangarorin ɓangaren gangar jikin, da gashin gashi, wanda aka tattara akan ɓangarensa na sama a yanayin tsefe. Gefen gaba da na waje na kafafu yawanci suna tare da jikin mutum, amma bangarorin da ke gefen gaban su kai tsaye sama da hooves (a kewayen buɗewar glandar interdigital), kuma a bayan babba da gefan hooves mai duhu, mai launin shuɗi. Abun ciki, a bayyane daga kirji, wuya da ciki na kafafu fararen fata ne.

Ragewa da rarrabawa gazelles

Sakamakon rashin ilimin bambance-bambancen osteological tsakanin nau'in halittar Gazella s. str., ainihin lokacin bayyanar G. subgutturosa akan yanayin ƙasa yana da wuya a tantance. Amma, kuna hukunta da yawa binciken a Turai da China, kusanciyoyin zamani sun riga sun kasance a rabin na biyu na Pliocene. A cikin hanyoyin Quaternary, an san ragowar wannan nau'in, ban da wuraren rarrabawa na zamani, kawai a cikin fauna wuraren Paleolithic na Transbaikalia.

Harshen zamani na nau'in ya hada da Transcaucasia, Yammaci, Tsakiya, da Tsakiyar Asiya - Iran, Afghanistan (mai yiwuwa wani ɓangaren Pakistan), Dzungaria, Gobi, arewacin Tibet, Alashan da Ordos. A cikin Turai, a halin yanzu ana rarrabuwar gezles a gabashin Transcaucasia, har ma a cikin hamada da kuma rabin hamada na Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Asiya (Turkmen, Uzbek, Tajik, Kyrgyz) da Kazakhstan.

Ilimin halittar Geyran

Kodayake gaelles dabba ce ta yau da kullun a wurare da yawa, ba'a karance ilimin halittarsa ​​isasshe, kuma bayanai sun sabawa wasu fannoni na rayuwar.

Gabaɗaya, gaelles sune masaniyar wakilcin sanannun hamada da wurare masu hamada Tana zaune a kusan kowane nau'in hamada da hamada na Asiya. Yawancin mazaunan halaye sune wuraren tsutsa-woryanka, busasshen itace da tsutsa-bluegrass rabin hamada.

Babban wuraren rarrabuwar gilashin filayen fili ne, amma, sabanin sauran dabbobin Asiya guda biyu - dzeren da saiga, wannan nau'in yafi sauƙin sasantawa tare da shimfidar wurare, kuma a wasu lokuta yana ba da fifikon fifiko ga sassan rufaffiyar wurare masu faɗi.

A cikin Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, da Tsakiyar Asiya, baƙi ne kawai ke zaune a fili ba, tsaunin laushi mai laushi, har ma da kwari.

Iyakokin rarrabuwa a tsaye ba'a dage shi da tsayin filin ƙasa ba, amma ta yanayin ciyayi da ke tattare da shi da kuma sauƙi. Manyan tsaunuka da sassan dutse, har ma da tsaunuka masu kauri, gaelles, wadanda ba su dace da motsi ba a cikin waɗannan yanayin, ana yin watsi da su a hankali.

Rayuwar Geyran

Dzheyrany suna zaune a cikin yumɓu da dutse, da kuma a cikin yashi, amma sun fi son wuraren da ƙasa mai daɗi. Musamman a sarari, musamman a lokacin rani, tsayayyen madaukai da yashi, har da bude wuraren da ƙasa mai tsayayye. Manyan tashoshin da aka fi so, a cewar marubucin na karshe, su ne tsayayyun sands masu ƙarancin sands tare da keɓaɓɓun tsiro, haka kuma harbe-harben da ba a taɓa samu ba, waɗanda ke ba da kariya daga zafi da kuma lokacin yanayi. Koyaya, duka tsire-tsire masu ƙushin maɗaukaki da ƙarancin saƙo na zazzage, mai yiwuwa daga ilham ta tsaro, an guji hakan. A lokacin rani, filayen gishiri suna ziyarta.

A gabashin Azerbaijan, a lokacin rani, ana ajiye su a cikin wuraren ɓarnata na ɓoyayyen dutse, inda, saboda kasancewar yawancin ciyayi, ana samun wadataccen ɗanyen ciyayi (Vereshchagin, 1939). Wuraren da ke cikin yashi mai yawa yakan zama mazauna a cikin hunturu, lokacin da ƙasa ke cika matsawa.

Juyawar yau da kullun na gwal ba rikitarwa. Mafi yawa waɗannan dabbobi masu tsoron Allah ne. Amma a kan wata mai haske, dare mai haske, musamman idan babu wani yanayi na hutawa mai kyau da rana, sukan fita su ciyar da dare. Yawancin lokaci suna hutawa da daddare, kuje cikin damina daga alfijir har zuwa 10 - Kuma awowi kuma daga awanni 17-18 kafin faduwar rana da ya fi tsayi. A cikin zafi lokacin rana karya da tauna danko. Wuraren yin shimfiɗa, azaman doka, an zaɓi su a cikin inuwa: ƙarƙashin wani dutse a cikin kwari ko a cikin rafin da yake bushe, a cikin inuwar daji. Idan babu wani tsari mai cike da duhu, suna zaune a cikin wani fili, iska mai hurawa.

A cikin lokacin sanyi, kuliyoyin za su yi kiwo duk rana, kawai a daina dakatar da kiwo don hutawa da abin taunawa. Yawancin lokaci suna zuwa rami na safe da asuba da faɗuwar rana ko kuma magariba. A cikin zafi, ana yawan ziyartar wuraren shayarwa a lokacin rana. Matsakan ruwa suna da yawa ko constantasa akai. Tun da yawan wuraren da suka dace da sha a cikin jeji yana da iyaka, adadi da yawa na dabbobi sukan taru a wuraren shayarwa.

Abincin Geyran

Babban abincin gaelles shine tsire-tsire masu tsiro a cikin ɗakunan rayuwa. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan nau'ikan jinsin ne da kuma hodgepodge, amma a wasu halaye akwai rashin daidaituwa zaɓi daga cikin jinsin abun da ke cikin tsire-tsire mai banƙyama. Don haka, a cikin hatsi na Milko-Karabakh hatsi shine abincin da aka fi so. A kudu maso yammacin Turkmenistan, tare da tsirrai, bluegrass da alkama suna cin abinci cikin sauri. A cikin Mongolia, a cewar A.G. Bannikov (1954), na nau'ikan tsire-tsire 13 da aka ci daga gazelles, tushen abinci shine kawai hudu: gashin gobian (Stipa gobica Roshev.), Baglour (Anabasis brevifolia C. AM), albasa na Mongolian ( Allium mongolicum Regel) da halogen (Halogeton sp.), Duk da yake tsutsa, aƙalla a lokacin rani, da alama ba za a ci komai ba.

Kamar yadda lura da karatu na V.N. Minervin ya nuna, a lokacin rani, sinadarin gazelles shima ya dogara da samar da ruwan sha na dabbobi. Don haka, a Kudancin Ustyurt, inda ake hana dabbobi dabbobin don shan ruwa, babu abinda basa ci ko tsutsa ko hodgepodge, wanda a wasu bangarori da dama na kewayon gilashin sune tushen abincin shi. A lokacin rani, wannan dabbar tana ci gaba da zama a kannun masarufin da ke ciyar da kofofin sassan tsiran da ke girma a cikin su, suna ɗauke da adadin adadin danshi: da fari, waɗannan sune ganye, fiɗen harbe da ofa fruitsan kaporza.

Molting gazelles

Jeyran dabba ce mai shiru. Ban taɓa yin jin muryarsa ba a cikin al'amuran yau da kullun. Mutun ne kawai yake rauni, lokacin da mutum ya kusanto, wani lokacin yakan yi sauti mara nauyi, yana tunawa da tumakin mai zubar da jini. Gazelle ta kuma yi ihu cikin kara mai karfi amma da murya mai karfi.

Zubar da Dzheyran yana faruwa a cikin shekara, a fili, sau biyu. Na farko molt a cikin bazara, fara a karo na biyu rabin Fabrairu. Motar yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci yana ƙare a watan Mayu, yayin da samari kuma daga baya. Ko da a cikin lafiya, a cikin kullun haɓaka, muna lura da ragowar tsohuwar ulu a tarnaƙi kuma kusa da iyakar madubi-kusa har ƙarshen ƙarshen shekaru na biyu na Mayu. Dabbobin marasa lafiya da gajiya suna yin molt daga baya. A cikin lalatattun matan da aka girbe ran 21 da 22 a cikin Bet-Pak Dal, har yanzu ana adana ragowar tsohuwar ulu a bayan kai, wuya, gefuna da kuma bayan kafafu. Rashin tsohuwar ulu yana faruwa a hankali, kuma tun lokacin dimorphism na yanayi a cikin canza launi na gaelles yana nuna rauni, molting yana wucewa kamar ba zai yiwu ba. Ko da tare da kyawawan binocular ba shi yiwuwa a ga rataye tsohuwar ulu a kan gazelle, kamar yadda ake gani sau da yawa, alal misali, a cikin raguna, da kuma ko gazelle ta gama zubar ko a'a, yawanci yana yiwuwa a kafa kawai a kan gawa. Autumn molt na faruwa daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba m.

Kiwo a Geyran

Yawancin gaelles, ga alama, sun riga sun shekara ɗaya da rabi ne suka shiga cikin haihuwa. Matan wani lokacin kan kawo yara tun yana shekara 1. Bangon wurin yana farawa a cikin Nuwamba, kuma bisa ga wasu rahotanni, har ma daga ƙarshen Oktoba kuma yana kasancewa har zuwa watan Disamba.

A lokacin hada-hada, ana gudanar da su cikin rukuni na 3-5 kowane, wanda namiji ke jagoranta, yana bin saurayi, don haka da wuya a wannan yanayin zamu iya magana game da auren mace ɗaya. A wannan lokacin, cututtukan inguinal suna kumbura a cikin gemun, suna ɓoye ɓoyayyiyar yawan ƙanshi fiye da yadda aka saba. Maza suna jin daɗi, maƙogwaronsu yana ƙaruwa sosai, kuma yayin tafiyar su sai suka rasa nauyi. Akwai rikice-rikice tsakanin maza (yaƙe-yaƙe gasa), wanda, duk da haka, basa ɗaukar sa guda ɗaya kamar sauran ungulates. Mace suna nuna hali a hankali kuma ba sa rage kiba sosai yayin estrus.

Haihuwar matasa tana faruwa ne daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Mayu. A cikin Bet-Pak-Dala, mun sami mace ta farko da ta haihu ranar 14 ga Mayu. Akwai keɓancewa ta cikin keɓaɓɓe na ciki. A cikin Mongolia, kwanakin kiwo na gazelles sun makara idan aka kwatanta da na Asiya ta Tsakiya da wata ɗaya ko fiye. A yadda aka saba, mace mai girma ta kawo sasan biyu, ƙarami ɗaya a lokaci guda. Wani lokaci, sukan ce, akwai sau uku kuma har ma, ban da su, hudu cikin mace ɗaya.

Kafin calving, mace yawanci bar garken, yi ritaya kuma haihuwa a wani wuri a cikin daji, a karkashin wani dutse, a kasan tsohuwar tashar da kuma sauran wurare wurare. Bayan haihuwar, mace ta ci abinci. Sau da yawa mukan sami gawar shi a cikin abinda ke ciki na matan da aka kashe.

Jeyran

Jeyran dabba ce mai suttura, ta yaɗu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Yana zaune a cikin hamada da kuma rabin hamada na yankin Asiya da Caucasus. A baya an lura da shi a cikin yankunan kudancin Dagestan.

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Menene gazelle yi kama?

Bayyanar gemelles kwatancen dabbobi ne daga halittar gazelle. Wannan ƙaramar dabba ce har zuwa santimita 75 da tsayi kilogram 20-30. A gani, yana da matukar sauƙin bambance mace daga namiji ta hanyar rashin ƙaho. Idan kuwa namiji yana da cikakkun ƙaho mai launi, to mace tana da kaho. A wasu halaye, ƙahonin za su fara girma, amma suna tsayawa, suna wakiltar matakai waɗanda ba su wuce santimita biyar ba tsayi.

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Babban launi na ulu ya dace da tsarin launi na mazauninsa - yashi. Halfashin rabin jikin yana rufe da farin ulu. Akwai kuma wani farin yanki a kusa da wutsiya. Wutsiyar kanta tana ƙarewa a cikin ƙaramin yanki tare da gashin gashi. Yayin tsere, mikokin Gazelle suna dauke da gajerun wutsiyarta kuma bakin ta baki a bayyane yake a bangon fararen ulu. Saboda wannan, a wasu yankuna, an yiwa dabbar suna da "wutsiyar baƙar fata".

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Wasu koyaswar sun bambanta rabe huɗu: Persian, Mongolian, Arab da Turkmen. Ba su bambanta da juna ba, amma suna zaune dabam yankuna. Misali, 'yar wasan Bahaushe mazaunin Jojiya ce da kuma gangaren Transcaucasia, kuma Mongolian na zaune ne a cikin ciyayi da ciyaman na Mongolia.

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Rayuwar Gazelle

A cikin wuraren yashi mai zafi, baƙuwar kan yi wahalar neman abinci a lokacin rana. A lokaci guda, gazalle ba dabbobi bane. Dangane da wannan, babban aikinsa yana bayyana da sassafe da kuma faɗuwar rana.

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Wannan dabbobin na makiyayi ne na musamman. Dzheyran ya ci ciyawa iri iri da harbe-harbe na bushes. An zaɓi fifiko ga tsire-tsire cike da danshi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, alal misali, albasarta daji, baƙar fata, baƙi. Neman abinci mai dacewa, gemuna suna yin yawo mai tsayi.

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A cikin yanayi mai zafi, ruwa, wanda bai isa ba, yana taka rawa ta musamman. Jeyrans suna zuwa gawarwakin ruwan da ke nisan kilomita 10-15 daga inda suka saba zama. Irin wannan tafiye-tafiye na ruwa ana yin sa sau da yawa a mako.

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Suna da ikon haifuwa lokacin yana 1-2 shekara. Lokacin damuna yana sa dabbobi su taru a cikin rukunoni waɗanda ke da shugaba. Jagoran karamin garken bai bar sauran maza su shiga ciki ba, kuma idan ya cancanta, zai shirya duel.

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Jeyrans dabbobi ne masu hankali da kulawa. Suna gudu daga haɗari, suna iya isa da gudu zuwa 60 kilomita / h. Babban abokan gaba su ne kyarketai, damisa, damisa, dawakai, gaggafa. Mutane da yawa suna son yin liyafa a kan dilales, saboda haka launi da amsawa nan da nan ga haɗari suna ba da gudummawa ga adon dabba. Cubs waɗanda ba su iya yin gudu da saurin gudu ba sun sha wulakanta su, suna kwance ƙasa. Godiya ga Jawo mai launin ruwan hoda ba abu mai sauki bane a same su.

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Bayyanar

Dabarar dabbobi tsohuwar ƙwayar tsohuwar ƙwayar dabbobi tana da tsawon jikin mutum a cikin kewayon santimita 93-116, kuma tsayin dabbar a ƙusoshin ƙetare bai wuce 60-75 cm ba.Yawan daidaitattun mutane sunkai kilogiram 18-33.

Siffar halayyar maza shine kasancewar giram-kamar ƙaho mai launin baƙar fata. Tsawon Kakakin tare da zobe masu juzu'i ya kai cm 28-30. Mace na gazelle ba ta da kaho, amma lokaci-lokaci ana ganin kashin da ba a yin amfani da su da tsayin dassa ba kamar 3-5 cm ba.

Jeyrans suna da bakin ciki da dogayen kafafu tare da kaifi mai kaifi amma kuma suna da karfi wadanda ke ba da izinin gazelle artiodactyl don samun saukin tafiya tare da sassan dutsen da yumbu. Koyaya, tsarin kafafu bai zama cikakke ba don tafiya akan murfin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma jimiri irin wannan dabba yayi ƙanƙanuwa, don haka tare da dogon canji mai haɗari zai iya mutuwa.

Launin launi na sama da bangarorin yashi ne, kuma wuyansa, ɓangaren ɓangaren da ɓangaren ƙafar kafafu yana kasancewa da farin zufa. A baya akwai abin da ake kira "madubi", wanda ke da farin launi da ƙananan girma.

Wutsiya tana da bakin magana, wanda a bayyane yake a bangon “madubi” mai launin dusar ƙanƙara yayin aiwatar da aiki na gandunan. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, wannan halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa artificactyl sun sami sanannen sanannen suna "baƙar fata"

Bayyanar da ke tattare da kowane gashi zuwa cikin kafashin kuma ragowar gashin nan baya nan. Jawo hunturu ana saninsa da launi mai sauƙi fiye da rinare a lokacin rani.

Tsawon gashi a cikin hunturu shine 3-5 cm, kuma lokacin rani - har zuwa ɗaya da rabi santimita. A cikin yankin mukewa na tururuwa da ƙafafunsa, gashin yana da gajarta fiye da na jikin dabbar.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Matasan gaelles suna da yanayin fuska mai kyau, wanda wuri mai duhu mai duhu yake wakilta a hanci da wasu raunin duhu da ke cikin yankin daga idanu har zuwa kusurwar bakin.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Dzheyran wata dabba ce mai cike da farin jini wacce ta kasance gawar halittar halittar dan adam. Wannan kwayar halittar tana da alaƙar kai tsaye ga subfamily na antelopes na ainihi. Kalmar "gazelle" ta zo mana daga harshen larabci. Gabaɗaya, asalin sihiri ne mai santsi da dogayen dabbobi, wanda ke tabbatar da bayyanar sa wata kyautar baki ce. Akwai nau'ikan gizai iri-iri, daga cikinsu zaka iya ganin gaelles. Wannan tururuwar tana da sifofi guda ɗaya - maza ne kaɗai ke da kaho a cikin gaelles, sabanin sauran ƙananan gaelles, inda daidaikun mutane biyu jinsi ke da wuya.

Amma ga gawarwaki musamman, ana iya kiransu dabbobi da dabbakun dabbobi masu fasali, dukkan alamu na waje da sifofin da suke daidai da nau'in gizanan, kodayake akwai wasu sifofi da halaye dabam. Gabaɗaya, an rarrabe nau'ikan gazali 4, amma yanzu wasu masana kimiyya suna rarrabe su azaman nau'ikan daban.

Don haka, a tsakanin bambance bambancen:

• Bahaushe
• Mongolian
• Turkmen
• Larabawa.

Zai dace a lura cewa a waje guda waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin suna da alaƙa iri ɗaya, amma sun bambanta kawai a yankin da za su kasance na dindindin. Alherin, kazanta da sauri na gwal suna faranta wa mutum rai na dogon lokaci, saboda haka ana yawan nuna shi akan tsabar kudi da tamburran tsoffin USSR, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan da Russia.

Ina gazelle take zama?

Hoto: Jeyran a hamada

Jeyrans suna ba da fifiko ga filaye da ɗan ƙarami, ƙaƙƙarfan hamada, inda ƙasa take da faɗi. Ana iya samun wannan ingantaccen tururin ɗauka biyu a fannin filayen dutse da kuma a cikin kwaruruka tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi. Sakamakon gabobin mahallin, wadannan dabbobin suna kewaye wurare masu yashi da yawa, musamman wannan shine yanayin lokacin bazara.

Mafi sau da yawa ƙananan baƙi suna ƙaunar hamada da hamada, suna mamaye:

• hatsi-solyanky hatsi-hamada,
• Semi-shrubby hodgepodge Semi-daji,
• jejin daji.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ciyayi a cikin yankuna na mazaunin dindindin na gaelles na iya bambanta sosai kuma ya bambanta gabaɗaya. Sau da yawa, waɗannan tururuwa suna daidaita da wanzuwar kusan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan dutse a cikin sararin samaniya.

Yayin da yake magana game da takamaiman yankuna na sasantawa na gaelles, ya kamata a lura cewa a halin yanzu suna raye:

Amma game da kasarmu, bisa ga mazaunin tarihi, gaelles a cikin kwanannan sun zauna a kudancin Dagestan, amma yanzu, abin takaici, ba sa haɗuwa a can, suna ba da fifiko ga ƙauyukan hamada da kuma rabin hamada na jihohin da aka ambata.

Menene gazelle take ci?

Hoto: Dabarar Dzheyran

Kada ka yi mamakin cewa dangane da abinci mai gina jiki, gazelles ba mai shakatawa bane, saboda suna rayuwa ne a cikin yankuna masu ƙarancin hamada da yankuna na hamada kusa da ciyawar. Ba lallai ne ku zaɓa ba kuma ba za ku zaɓa ba, don haka gazallewan suna farin ciki cewa suna cikin menu na haɓaka, abun da ke ciki wanda aka iyakance musamman a kaka da kuma hunturu.

A wannan lokacin, gazelles abun ciye-ciye:

• ƙaya raƙumi
• manbarwa
• tsutsa
• harbeul harbe
• dan damfara
• ephedra
• saman farfajiyar tamarisks.

A lokacin bazara da bazara, menu zai zama mai inganci da juji, saboda rayuwar ciyayi ta sake rayuwa. Dzheyrany yayin wannan lokacin na iya cin hatsi na daji, capers, ferula, blackberry, albasa, wasu lokuta suna jin daɗin masara, guna, da ganyayyaki. Kamar mazaunan hamada, gwanayen da ba a sha ba na dogon lokaci. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda gano rami mai kusanci na iya zama nesa daga kilomita 10 zuwa 15, don haka tururuwa suna shan ruwa sau ɗaya a mako ko kuma tsawon kwanaki biyar.

A kan gaba gaɓar tebur tare da shuki, gazelles ba sa shaye shaye, saboda magabatan da yawa na iya ɓoye a wurin. Don rami na ban ruwa, tururuwa suna zaɓan wani yanki mai buɗe da ɗakin kwana, tafiya mai kyau don neman ruwa a magariba ko lokacin asuba. Dabbobi suna yin duk wannan don amincin kansu. Ko da dandano mai ɗanɗano da ruwa mai gishiri (alal misali, a cikin Tekun Caspian) ana amfani da gazelles, sake sake jaddada fassarar su dangane da zaɓin abinci.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Jeyran daga littafin nan ja

Kamar sauran gaelles, gazelles suna da hankali sosai kuma suna jin kunya, suna amsawa da matukar girman hankali ga kowane sauti da amo. Idan tururuwar tayi tsammanin bayyanar hatsari, to, nan da nan zata fara gudu, saurin sa zai iya kaiwa daga kilomita 55 zuwa 60 a sa'a guda. Mata tare da jarirai suna da dabaru daban na ceto - akasin haka, sun gwammace su ɓoye cikin dazuka a cikin wannan mummunan lokacin.

Kodayake gaelles na dabbobi ne, sun fara tattarawa cikin manyan kungiyoyi a lokacin hunturu na kusa. A cikin watannin masu ɗumi, waɗannan gaelles suna son kasancewa gaba ɗaya kaɗai ko kuma a cikin ƙaramin kamfani, inda aƙalla za a iya samun gallelli biyar kawai. Ainihin, wannan shine mata na bara da na bazara.

Tare da kusanci da yanayin sanyi, gaelles zai fara tattara manyan dabbobi, wanda zai iya ɗauka daga dubun-dubansu zuwa dabbobi da yawa. Lokacin da garkunan dabbobi suke neman abinci wa kansu, zasu iya yin tafiya daga kilomita 25 zuwa 30 a cikin kwana ɗaya. Da shigowar bazara, mace a cikin matsayi fara barin garken farko, sa’an nan jerin mazan da suka manyanta suka fara bi, dabbobinsu kuma matasa sun girma sosai.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin hunturu, gazelles suna aiki da rana, kuma da yamma kuma a cikin dare sukan huta a digouts da aka tono a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, waɗanda galibi ake saita su a bayan tsauni don kare kansu daga iska mai sanyi. A lokacin rani, tururuwa, ya yi akasin haka, ciyar da safe da maraice, da hutawa a ranar zafi, zaune wani wuri a cikin inuwa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Steppe Dzheyran

Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, gaelles dabbobi ne masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rai wadanda suke yin yawo yayin fara sanyi. Kuma a cikin faduwa, mazan da suka manyanta sukan fara amfani da injin mai aiki. Suna alamar kayansu tare da taimakon ban sha'awa, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin ramuka da aka tokare su, da ake kira "rukunin gidaje".

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Maza suna zama masu zafin hali a lokacin yin tserewa, yawanci sukan tara kansu tumbin ,an mace, wanda suke kiyayewa daga ɓoyewa wasu abokanta. Gwagwarmayar yanki da jawo hankalin mata ya kai ga cewa wasu gentan gari suna tonon alamun mutane da maye gurbinsu da nasu.

Lokacin haihuwar mace shine watanni 6, 'yan maruyan sun bayyana a cikin watan Maris ko kuma kusa da farkon watan Afrilu. Yawancin lokaci, ana haihuwar mace ɗaya ko biyu. Bayan 'yan makonni kafin zuriyarsu su bayyana, uwaye masu zuwa suna ƙoƙarin su ware, nesa da maza, suna zaɓar wurin da ya dace da haihuwa, wanda ya kamata ya kasance a kan wani yanki mai buɗewa inda akwai kumburin daji, ko cikin amintacce mai aminci.

Yara sunkai kimanin kilo biyu, amma nan da nan zasu iya tashi a ƙafafunsu kuma suna jin kwarin gwiwa. A cikin makonnin farko, 'yan maruƙa suna samun mafaka a cikin kurmi, inda suka fi son ɓoyewa, kuma uwa mai kulawa tana ziyartarta da kanta, tana kula da su da madarar nono sau 3-4 a rana. Haɓaka ƙwayoyin ƙananan yara yana da sauri. Tuni a farkon watan rayuwa, suna samun taro daidai da rabin nauyin dabba na girma.

Kamar yadda manya, 'yan maruƙa suna zama kusa da shekara ɗaya da rabi, kodayake wasu mata suna da shekara ɗaya a karon farko su sami zuriya. Balaga na maza yakan faru ne kawai da shekara 1.5. A cikin yanayin halitta, gazelles sun sami damar rayuwa na kusan shekaru 7, kuma a cikin bauta duk 10.

Abokan gaba na Gazelle

Hoto: Jeyran a hamada

Rayuwar mai madaidaiciya gazelle ba mai sauki bane, wacce take da rauni kuma ba ta bambanta da jimiri na musamman. Ana samun abokan gaba da yawa dabam a hanyar, duka balagagge da ƙuruciya. Daga cikin mafi mahimmancin andan marayu na mayaƙan marasa lafiya, ana iya kiran ƙyar Wolves mafi gaelles waɗanda ke mutuwa a haƙoran waɗannan mafarautan daidai a cikin hunturu, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, kuma kwararar ruwa da yunwar ba zata iya gudu daga haɗari ba.

Tare da kyarkeci, belale a cikin Turkmenistan ana gwagwarmaya da cheetahs da caracals. Tabbas, haɓakar matasa masu ƙwarewa ne mafi haɗari, wanda mutuwarsa ta kusa da faɗuwa zata iya kaiwa kusan kashi 50, wanda yake matukar firgita.

Abokan gaba dayan dayanda aka haifa sun hada da:

Kamar yadda kake gani, hadarin yana jiran gaelles ba wai kawai a duniya ba, har ma daga iska. Yanayin mawuyacin hali kuma baya yasar da waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda yawan su yana ƙaruwa sosai a lokacin lokacin dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi, lokacin da ake yawan taushi. Dzheyrana na iya mutuwa saboda yunwar, saboda a ƙarƙashin lokacin farin ciki dusar ƙanƙara ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba don samun abinci, tafiya ta hanyar dusar ƙanƙara, kuma, musamman, a kan ɓawon burodi yana cutar dabbobi kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa, daga masu farauta a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta kusan ba shi yiwuwa a ɓoye. Kar ku manta game da mutanen da suka haifar da mummunar lalacewar yawan giya, wanda ya kai su ga farauta mai aiki da jinƙai.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin gizagizai yana da yawa sosai a manyan yankuna na hamada da hamada na jihohi da yawa. Ko da farauta na yau da kullun mazaunan gari ba zai iya shafar lambobin sa ba. Antelopes ya ciyar da mutane abinci mai daɗin rai (har zuwa kilogiram 15 a kowace gizelle), ya samar masu da fata mai ƙarfi, amma tsananin sha'awar ɗan adam don riba ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fara lalacewa a saurin walƙiya da kuma babban adadin. Tare da taimakon motoci, mutane sun koka don korar garkunan dabbobi zuwa tarkuna, suna makantar da dabbobi da fitilar fitila mai haske, sannan suka fara harba artiodactyls, hoton wanda kawai abin tsoro ne.

Akwai shaidu cewa, a farkon shekarun 2000, yawan adadin gizagizai yawansu ya kai kusan dubu 140, amma bisa ga ƙididdigar da aka nuna daga shekarun da suka gabata, yanayin saurin saurin karuwa ya karu da wani kashi na uku, wanda ba zai yiwu ba amma ya damu. Dzheyranov kusan yanzu ba za ku haɗu a Azerbaijan da Turkiyya ba. A cikin yawaitar Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan, adadin dabbobinsu ya ragu goma.

Babban barazanar da kuma dalilin irin wannan yanayin na wadannan yankuna shi ne rashin tunani da ayyukan son kai na mutane, wanda ke shafar dabbobi ba wai kawai kai tsaye ba (na masu fashin baki), amma a kaikaice (rage wuraren rayuwa saboda rarar filaye da kuma samar da wuraren kiwo). Sakamakon irin wannan yanayin mai haɗari game da yalwa, an dauki matakan kariya da yawa waɗanda ke nufin rayar da yawan waɗannan gaaƙƙarfan ƙawancen da a halin yanzu ake rarrabawa azaman masu rauni.

Tsaro na ganduje

Hoto: Jeyran daga littafin nan ja

Abin bakin ciki ne, amma akwai karancin gilasai, saboda haka mutane sukai tunanin cewa wannan tururuwar zata iya bacewa daga fuskar duniya. Yanzu an lasafta gazelles a cikin Littafin Duniya na Red, wanda ke da matsayin "nau'in dabbobi masu rauni". A cikin Littafin Red na Kazakhstan, ana rarrabe gazelles azaman nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba a taɓa ganin su ba, adadinsu yana raguwa koyaushe. Har ila yau ana yin la'akari da dokar raba ido ta Red Book a cikin yankin na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka fada, manyan abubuwan da ke iyakance sun hada da aikin dan adam, wanda ke cutar da rayuwa da mazaunin dabbobi. Malaman har yanzu suna ci gaba da harba bindigogi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, duk da cewa farautarsu a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan dokar. Mutane kan fitar da wadannan dabbobin daga wuraren aikinsu na dindindin, su dasa sabon fili tare da fadada wuraren kiwo don dabbobi.

Baya ga kasancewa cikin jeri a cikin Litattafai Red da yawa, ana iya danganta masu zuwa ga matakan kiyaye adana waɗannan dabbobi:

• aiwatar da kiwo ta wucin gadi na gemuna a cikin halittu, inda aka samar da dukkan yanayi don rayuwa mai gamsarwa,
• yaduwar dokar hana farauta da kuma tara kudin haraji,
• ganowa da kariya daga yankuna inda gemuna suke da yawa, yana ba su matsayin wuraren kariya.

Kwanan nan, mutane sun yi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu ga matsalar ɓarɓar gishirin. Don haka, a yayin bikin shekara-shekara a Azerbaijan da ake kira Hasumiyar Matan, masu zane-zane sukan nuna irin waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan gado a kan manyan kantuna, suna ba da dalilin yin tunani game da lambobinsu na raguwa kuma galibi tarzoma, lalata, ayyukan mutane.

A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙara hakan, as gazelle mai matukar kyau da kwarjini, kamar dai yadda ba zai iya zama mai rauni ba. Wajibi ne a yaba wa wannan dabba mai ladabi da jin kunya, daraja da girmama dangi ga wuraren zama na dindindin, kokarin murkushe duk wani aiki da ba na doka ba da rashin tausayi, sannan duniyar da ke duniya za ta zama mai karamin karfi da haske, kuma gazelles za su sami damar more rayuwarsu mai farin ciki.

Yaɗa

Jeyran ana samunsa a cikin hamada da yankuna na hamada na Iran, Armenia, Afghanistan, Western Pakistan, kudancin Mongolia da China (Xinjiang, arewacin Tibet da Suyuan), Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan da Turkmenistan. Alisher Navoi ya ambaci gizon a cikin aikinsa Bakwai Planets, yana nuna gazelles (jairan) Hotan su

Yankunan tarihi na gwal sun hada da kudancin Dagestan na Rasha.

Biyan kuɗi

Akwai kasusuwa 4 na gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), wanda wasu masu bincike suka kasafta a halin yanzu:

• G. subgutturosa subgutturosa — Gaan wasan Farisa yana zaune a Georgia da gangara na gabashin Transcaucasia,
• G. subgutturosa gracilicornis — Turkmen gazelle , Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan gabas da Lake Balkhash, Tajikistan, mai yiwuwa Uzbekistan,
• G. subgutturosa marica — Yarima Arab Kasashen larabawa
• G. subgutturosa yarkandensis — Mongolian gazelle , ko yarkand gazelle , Steppes, hamada, hamada, makiyaya da rayayyun makiyaya na Mongolia, arewa da arewa maso yammacin China,
• G. subgutturosa hillieriana - Harshen Gobi, tare da rarrabewar ƙungiyoyin da suka gabata zuwa jinsin masu zaman kansu, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙwarin gwiwar Mongolian ne (G. yarkandensis hillieriana) .

Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya

A zamanin da, gaelles abubuwa ne da aka fi so don farauta. Ya kasance ɗayan manyan wuraren samar da nama ga makiyaya a Kudancin Kazakhstan da Asia ta Tsakiya. A halin yanzu, farauta gazelles an haramta a ko'ina. An saka shi a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN a matsayin dabba mai saukin kamuwa da haɗari.

Tun daga 2012, don jawo hankalin mutane zuwa ga baƙi a tsarin bikin baje kolin kayayyakin gargajiya na duniya na Maiden, masu zane daga ƙasashe da yawa suna yin kwalliyar ƙirar waɗannan dabbobin.

Mazaunin Gazelle

Akwai ƙananan fannoni 4 na galleli tare da mazauna daban-daban. Gaan wasan Turkmen suna zaune a Kazakhstan, Tajikistan da Turkmenistan. Kasashen Farisa suna zaune ne a Iran, Turkiya, Afghanistan, Syria.

Waɗannan dabbobin kuma suna zaune ne a Mongolia da arewacin China, a kudu maso yamma na Iraki da Saudi Arabia, Western Pakistan da Georgia. Dazu gazelle Ya zauna a kudu da Dagestan.

Yana zaune da shi dabba A cikin hamada da rabin hamada, fi son dutsen ko yumɓu ƙasa. Zai iya rayuwa a yankuna masu yashi, amma yana da wuyar daidaitawa ga miles yana motsawa tare da su, saboda haka ba shi da yawa a wurin.

Irin wadannan makircin kasa yawanci basa tsirrai. Wani lokaci sukan shiga cikin matattakala, amma ba a samun su a tsaunuka. Tunda bazai iya tafiya cikin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara ba, tare da zuwan lokacin hunturu, gwanayen ƙaura suna ƙaura daga mazaunan arewacin zuwa kudu.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Waɗannan dabbobin suna da taka tsantsan, suna ba da amsa ga kowane hayaniya. Alarman ƙaramar ƙararrawa, gargaɗin haɗari - saka shi a kan gudu. Kuma gazelle tana iya yin gudu a cikin gudu har zuwa 60 km / h. Idan hadarin ya kama mace da jariri kwatsam, to ba za ta gudu ba, a maimakon haka ta ɓoye a cikin ɓoye.

Waɗannan dabbobin garke ne, suna tarawa cikin ƙungiyoyi mafi girma a cikin hunturu. Tumaki sun ƙunshi dubun har ma daruruwan mutane. Tare suna ratsa hamada daga wuri guda zuwa ciyarwa, suna wuce kilomita 30 a kowace rana.

A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna aiki cikin sa'o'in hasken rana. Lokacin da yamma ta shiga, ciyarwa ke karewa kuma gaelles suna hutawa don hutawa. Kamar gado, suna haƙa rami a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, mafi yawan lokuta daga gefen haɓakar haɓakar ɗan haɓaka.

Gabaɗaya, lokacin sanyi shine mafi haɗari a gare su, tare da babban hazo, dabbobi da yawa suna wanzuwa. Lallai ba a daidaita su da motsi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma musamman ɓawon burodi, kuma ba za su iya samun abincin kansu daga ƙarƙashinsa ba.

A lokacin kiwo, mace na barin garken don kawo sabbin cuba inan rani. Ba tare da uwaye masu tsammani ba, gungun gaelles na bakin ciki, kuma galibi dabbobi suna tafiya cikin mutane 8-10.

A lokacin rani, musamman ma a kwanakin zafi, gaelles suna ƙoƙarin kada su fita don ciyar da tsakar rana. Da safe da maraice suna aiki, kuma yayin rana suna hutawa a inuwa, a kan kwance, yawanci ba a nesa da ruwa.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

A cikin kaka, lokacin mating yana farawa ne a cikin maza. Antelopes alama da ƙasa tare da excrement, wanda aka sanya a cikin rami rami. Wannan ana kiransa "gidajen shakatawa na tsere".

Irin waɗannan shingen iyakokin na musamman sune aikace-aikacen don ƙasa, maza suna yin faɗa da juna don ita kuma, gwargwadon haka, ga mata. Saboda haka, abu ne mai yiwuwa a tono alamun wasu mutane, su sanya nasu a wurin.

Gabaɗaya, a lokacin rutting, gazelles nuna hali na mugunta bayan bin mace, shirya wasan kwaikwayo tare da juna. Shigo da hailarsu na mata 2-5, suka tsare ta a hankali.

Cutar ciki tana da watanni 6, a watan Maris-Afrilu lokaci yayi da za su haihu kuma mata su fita, suna neman wuraren da ba kowa. Masu lafiya, mata masu haihuwa suna haihuwar tagwaye, yayin da matasa da tsofaffi yawanci sukan kawo ɗan maraƙi ɗaya.

Jariri yayi nauyi da kilo biyu, kuma cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan zai iya tsayawa akan ƙafafunsa. A sati na farko da suka ɓoye a cikin ɓoye, ba sa zuwa ga uwarsu.

A cikin hoto, 'yar gazelle mace tare da sanduna

Mace tana kusantar da cuban da kanta don ciyar da sau 3-4 a rana, amma tana yin wannan a hankali don kada ta kawo maƙiya ga jaririn. Gaan ƙananan berale suna da matukar rauni a wannan lokacin; dawakai, karnuka, da tsuntsayen da ke cin abinci suna da haɗari a gare su.

Daga irin wadannan abokanan uwa mahaifiyarsu za ta kare su da nasara sosai, saboda godiya. Idan ɗan ƙyamar ya yi barazanar kerkeci ko mutum ya wuce ta, mace za ta yi ƙoƙari ta kwashe abokan gaba, kamar yadda ba za ta iya hulɗa da ita ba.

Cubs suna girma sosai da sauri, a farkon watan rayuwa sun sami 50% na duk nauyin jikin nan gaba. A watanni 18-19 sun riga sun kai girman girman dabba.

Mace sun isa ga balaga tun da wuri - tuni cikin shekara guda sun sami damar yin juna biyu. Maza suna shirye don kiwo ne kawai cikin shekara biyu. A cikin yanayi, gazelles suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 7, a cikin gidajen dabbobi zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. A yanzu gazelle yana da matsayin dabba dabba kuma an jera shi cikin Ja littafi.

Rashin gaelles

Matsakaicin adadin gazleles a cikin kwarin Ili (kusan mutane dubu 14) ya kasance har zuwa 1943. Sannan, sakamakon wargajewar kai tsaye, adadinsu yana raguwa koyaushe kuma ya zama kaɗan a cikin 50-60s, lokacin da aka yiwa mutane guda ɗaya kacal a nan. Tare da sabuntawar Alma-Ata Reserve, adadin gazles ya fara girma, amma a hankali.

A cikin 70s akwai dozin daga cikinsu a cikin ajiyar kaya, kuma a yayin jujin da yankin sa ke da aka sanya dabbobi 10 bisa ga dukkan hanyar. Tare da ƙungiyar Kapchagai farauta da kiyaye tattalin arziƙin, jindadin dabbobi sun inganta kuma lambobinsu sun fara girma da sauri.

Yanzu adadin gazelles a kowane yanki na yanki a cikin kariyar da ke kwarin Ili shine mafi girma a Kazakhstan. Babban Kalkans, kusan ba a zaune a ƙarshen kaka da damuna saboda iska mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin yanayin zafi, ana samun cunkoso a bazara. Anan suka tashi daga kwari, suna gudu daga zafin rana da mugunta. A cikin abubuwan lura a cikin watan Yuni-Yuli, an ga gizzles a cikin saman Karshen Kalkans har zuwa 40-50 na waɗannan gazelles, a cikin Nuwamba na wannan shekarar - aan mutane ne kawai.

Gabashin yankin Kapchagai na farauta, a cikin matakan Karatau da Aktau, adadi da yawa na ƙusoshin gilasai ya ragu sosai sakamakon bautar da jama'a. A kan hanyar gefen kudu na Karatau mai tsawon kilomita 60, an rubuta gazles 11, kuma a cikin tsaunukan kansu, don kwanaki 4 na lura a cikin watan Agusta, mace ɗaya kawai ta sadu da gwal biyu.

Lokaci na yau da kullun na gazelles

A watan Maris, gazelle ta fara motsawa daga layin Mynbulak zuwa yamma. A waccan lokacin, dabbobi suna shiga gonar yamma zuwa mashigar Chulak. A nan, hodgepodge yana ba da hanya ga tsutsa, wanda ke fara ciyayi a baya. A watan Afrilu, yawancin waɗannan dabbobin an juya su a cikin kishiyar gaba - zuwa yankin Taldysay fili, inda a watan Mayu mata suka haifi cuba cuban.

Yawancin maza sun yi ƙaura zuwa gabas kuma suna mamaye wurare masu nisa daga wuraren shayarwa. A ƙarshen watan Yuni, mace tare da gaelles sun riga sun iya rakiyar su suna motsawa zuwa gabas.

Tare da farkon yanayin sanyi a watan Oktoba - Nuwamba, ragowar gilasai daga Taldysay bututun suna ƙaura zuwa tasirin Mynbulak. Zuwa arewacin tarkon, kusa da tsaunukan Matai, suna samun mafaka a cikin hunturu daga iska mai sanyi da ke busa tare da tsaunuka. Jimlar ƙaura na yanayi bai wuce kilomita 100-120 ba. Kowace rana, da maraice, gazelles suna yin juyawa daga wurare na kwanaki, daga Kalkan, ƙafafun Chulak da Matai, zuwa wuraren shayarwa a cikin hanyar Mynbulak, inda suke kwana kuma da safe suna dawowa. Tsawon waɗannan motsi shine kilomita 6-8.

Lokaci na rana anyi safiya har zuwa wayewar gari da faduwar rana, ana gyara su don karkatar rana zuwa kusa da lokacin hunturu: idan a cikin Mayu ya kasance awanni 4 da mintuna 30 da kuma awanni 21, to a watan Satumba ya kasance 6 awanni 30 da awanni 19 na mintuna 30.

Garke, jima'i da kuma yawan shekarun garken gemuwa

Jeyran ba su kafa manyan kungiyoyi ba. Ungiyoyi ne kawai, ko taro, daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi ana lura da su a watan Oktoba - Nuwamba. Jumla, ba kamar ƙungiyoyi ba, koyaushe canza halayen su, ko dai watse zuwa sassa daban daban, ko kuma mayar da hankali. A tsakiyar Nuwamba, wato, a farkon farkon kullun, gungu sun ɓace a ƙarshe.
Dabbobin dabbobi kadai ake haɗuwa dasu, tare da haɓaka cikin rukuni, yawan tarurruka yana raguwa daidai. Dabbobi marasa aure sune, a matsayin mai mulkin, maza manya.
A cikin gazelles, za'a iya raba kungiyoyi zuwa ga maza, maza da gauraye.

Rukunin maza sun ƙunshi dabbobi masu shekaru daban-daban, gami da shekara. Wasu maza daga waɗannan rukunin sun mamaye wuraren yanar gizo kuma suna kan su yayin kaka da damuna. Maza sun ƙunshi mace ɗaya ko fiye da mata tare da gazelles ko kuma shekarun shekara sun girma, sannan kuma a cikin shekara, galibi mata ne.

Mazan da ke cikin shekara sun rabu da uwaye a cikin hunturu kuma suna haɗuwa da maza, da wuya keɓaɓɓu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Mata masu shekaru daya suna tafiya tare da uwayensu ko da bayan sun zama kansu, ta haka ne suka samar da wasu kungiyoyin kai-tsaye.

Matsakaicin jima'i na gazelles yana kusan 1: 1.

Abincin Geyran

Jeyran yana ciyar da kusan dukkanin tsirrai da ke girma a waɗannan wurare. Amma a cikin bazara sun fi son ephemera (Carex physodes, Seseli sessiliflorum, Heliotropium dispzioi-
des, Limonium gmelini, Ferula iliensis, Galium verum, a lokacin rani - ganyen kore na saxaul (Haloxylon persicum), ganyen bishiyoyi kamar teresken (Eurorat ceratoides), hen (Atraphaxis spinosa), saltpeter (Nitraria schoberi), chingil (Halodend) .

Jeyran ya ci tsiron booby (Salsola arbusculiformis), ganyen rakumi (Alhagikirghisorum), Willow (Salix songorica), turuppa (Popu-lus diversifolia), jida (Elaeagnus oxycarpa).

A cikin damina da damina, gaellesn suna cin abinci da hodgepodge daban-daban, da daddaren itace, da mataƙa. Jeyran, yayin da yake waje kiwo, ya sami bakin ciyawa da ganyayyaki, ya ɗaga kansa, ya tsaya, ya sha da kyan gani, lokaci guda. Lokacin da ya hadiye wani yanki na ciyayi, applean Adam ɗin yana motsawa sama da ƙasa. Wannan sananne ne musamman a cikin maza wanda apple ɗin ɗan Adam ya fi girma girma.

Sau da yawa yayin cin ciyawa, mai gazelle yakan lullube fuskarsa da harshensa.

A wuraren shayarwa, waɗannan gaelles suna cin abincin dare duka, suna dawowa kwanakinsu kawai da safe. Amma suma suna sha duk rana.

Wateringwanƙwasawa na lokacin shayar da rana yana faruwa ne a tsakar rana tare da ƙananan motsi dangane da yanayin shekara. Jin tsananin kishin ruwa, gazles suna gudu zuwa wurin ruwa tsawon mittani na ƙarshe, amma suna gudu zuwa gare shi a mita 40-50, suna tsayawa suna daskarewa. Kwatsam gudu daga ruwan, to, sake komawa. A ƙarshe sun zo ga ruwa, wani lokacin tare da kafafunsu na gaba sukan shiga ciki su fara shan ruwa. Kowane 10-15 s suna ɗaga kansu, suna dubawa kuma suna sake shan ruwa, don haka tsawon mintuna 1.5-2.

Sau da yawa, ɗan iska yakan hau kan tudu na babban mawuyacin hali, ya bincika shi daga sama, sannan ya sauka. A lokaci guda, mai gazelle yakan yi tsalle daga gangara zuwa 105-110 cm babba kuma yana tsalle zuwa tsayi ɗaya, yana dawowa daga rami na ruwa. Suna yin tsalle daga ƙasa daga wuri tare da fadadawa na farko a gaban gangara.

A lokacin hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara tana da babbar rawa wajen kawar da ƙishirwa, yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mazaunin ƙasa. Kusan sun gamsar da bukatun bukatun ruwa ta dusar ƙanƙara yayin lokacin fitowar ruwa. Mata da kananan dabbobi suma suna cin dusar ƙanƙara, ko da yake a cikin hunturu suna ci gaba da zuwa wuraren shayarwa.

Abinda ke shafar yanayin rauni na gaelles

Dabbobin gari gasa ne na abinci gazalle. Sakamakon fadadawa, ba wai kawai yana ɗaukar wuraren kiwo ba ne, har ma yana tattake su. Makiyayan garken tumaki da makamai domin kare dabbobi daga kyarkeci suna amfani dashi don dalilai na farauta, kuma karnukan makiyaya suna farautar dabbobin daji koyaushe.
Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin aikin gona da aka gudanar a duk shekara a kan yanayin farauta yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa motoci masu yawa suna nan a koyaushe suna tayar da jijiyar wuya, musamman lokacin rago.

Don haka, mummunan tasirin ayyukan tattalin arziki akan ginin abinci na gazelles, abubuwan damuwa na yau da kullun, kazalika da farautar namun daji na hana ci gaba da ƙaruwa da yawan wannan dabbar dabbar.

Yanzu Kazakhstan tana yin ayyuka da yawa don kamawa da kuma daidaita matsuguni a sabbin wuraren kariya, inda za su sami wadataccen abinci da abin sha, sannan kuma za a ba da kariya daga masu bautar. Wannan zai taimaka ba kawai adadin adadin ƙanƙan dawwama ba, harma zai iya ƙara adadin waɗannan dabbobin masu alherin. Ya kamata a ceci Jeyran ga jikokinmu da jikokinmu.

Habitat da mazauninsu

Jeyrans sun gwammace su zauna a ɗakin kwana ko ɗan ƙaramin kankara da ciyawar hamada tare da ƙura mai yawa. Hakanan, an samo asalin wannan nau'in akan madaukai na tuddai da kwaruruka tare da tausayawa mai taushi. Fasalin fasalin fasalin yana tilasta wa gizagizai guji tsayawa a cikin babban yashi a lokacin bazara.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da yawa sosai a cikin yankuna-biyun solyanky da hatsi-solyanky Semi-hamada, kuma ana ɗaukar shi sosai a cikin yankin ƙasar daji na mawuyacin lokaci.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Yanayin ciyayi a cikin mazaunin gazelles yana da bambanci sosai, kuma galibi ana samun gazelles ko da a cikin gammads ɗin gaba ɗaya marasa rai.

Idan wani lokaci da ya gabata an haɗa yankin kudu na Dagestan cikin tarihin tarihin ɗanyen ɓarin rai, a yau ana samun irin wannan dabbobi masu shahara musamman a hamada da hamada a cikin yankunan Armenia, Iran da Afghanistan, da kuma a yammacin Pakistan, kudu Mongolia da China .

Kazakhstan da Azerbaijan, Georgia da Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan da Turkmenistan suma suna da wakilci iri-iri.

Abincin, menene ɗan geyran ke ci

Jeyrans suna da cikakken kwanciyar hankali game da rashin tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsabta, kusa da sau biyu a sati, a safiya ko a sanyin safiya, yin tafiya mai nisan mil mil zuwa matattarar na halitta mafi kusa.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dabbobin sun zabi mafi ko da bakin tudu wanda aka fi budewa, inda hadarin gamuwa da masu farauta zai zama kadan. Cikakken fassarar ba ya damar dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi su kasance masu gamsarwa har ma da ruwan mai ɗaci da gishiri na Tekun Caspian.

A cikin abincin, gazelles ma cikakke ne marasa ma'ana, saboda haka, a cikin kaka da lokacin hunturu suna farin cikin yin amfani da hodgepodge, ƙayayyar raƙumi da kuma katako, ƙarar safaul da ɓangaren dutsen tamarisks, har ma da sanduna da ephedra.

Abincin bazara da na bazara na tururuwar na faɗaɗa da muhimmanci saboda bayyanar ciyayi masu yawa da ciyawa. A wannan lokacin, gaelles suna ciyar da hatsi iri iri, blackberries, capers, ferula da albasa.

Kiwo da zuriya

A lokacin kaka, maza na gazelle tururuwa fara tseren aiki. Dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi masu shayarwa suna alamar yankinta tare da sanyawa a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka haƙa da ake kira "rukunin gidaje".

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Maza a wannan lokacin suna yin faɗa a kan ƙasa kuma suna jan hankalin mata, kuma suna da matuƙar ikon tono alamun wasu mutane, suna maye gurbinsu da nasu. A lokacin lalacewar maza, maza suna nuna halin mugunta sosai, wanda hakan ke basu damar tattara can kwalliya da kulawa ta “harem” daga mata da yawa lokaci guda.

Mahaifiyar macen tana da tsawon watanni shida, kuma tuni a watan Maris ko Afrilu ana haihuwar 'yan marayu guda biyu. A cikin fewan makonni na ƙarshe na mace, mace tayi ƙoƙarin kasancewa dabam da namiji kuma tayi tafiya, a matsayin mai mulki, shi kaɗai ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni, wanda ya basu damar zaɓin mafi kyawun wurin haihuwa. Lambing na faruwa ne a wurare masu tsayi a tsakanin tsintsiyar tsintsiyar ko rami, wanda amintaccen tsari ne daga iska mai ƙarfi.

Gwargwadon jaririn kimanin kilo biyu ne, amma 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan haihuwa, zai iya kasancewa da tabbaci ya tsaya a ƙafafunsa. A cikin makonni na farko nan da nan bayan haihuwa, 'yan maruƙan sukan yi ƙoƙarin ɓoye cikin ɓoye, kuma mace da kanta ta zo musu sau uku ko sau huɗu a rana don ciyar. A wannan lokacin, jarirai da yawa sun zama karnuka masu sauƙi ga karnuka, karnukan daji, kyarketai da kuma manyan tsuntsayen da suka farauto.

Cuban wasan Jeyran ankara suna girma kuma suna haɓaka da sauri, kuma tuni a farkon watan, a matsayinka na mulkin, suna samun kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari na nauyin jikin da suka girma.. Dabbobin dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi sun kai girman dabba na ƙarshe a shekara ɗaya da rabi, amma mace tana da shekaru ɗaya na iya kawo zuriyarsu na fari. Maza Geyran galibi a shirye suke domin kiwo mai dan lokaci kadan, tunda sun fara balaguro ne kawai da shekara daya da rabi.