Alade Badger, Teledu (Arctonyx collaris) - wakili mafi girma na badger subfamily: tsawon jikinsa ya kai 55-70 cm, baya kirgaro wutsiya mai nauyin 15-centimita, nauyi ya bambanta daga 7 zuwa 14 kg. Wannan dabbar ta karɓi ɓangaren "alade" na sunan ta don al'ada ta tono ƙasa ba kawai tare da babban ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ba, har ma yana da alaƙa da jijiyar naman alade tare da ƙyalƙyali da babban dantse. Guda 6 na wannan nau'in an san su, gami da A. c. albugularis - daga Kudancin China, kuma A. c. leucolaemus - daga arewacin China.

Paws maganar gajere da kauri, a kan manyan goshin manyan kwalliyar kwalliya da aka daidaita don haƙa. Jikinsa mai nauyi, mai kauri, mara nauyi, kansa yana da tsayayye, mai kamannin gaske tare da kananan idanu masu kafafuwa. Launin alade mai ɗauke da alade kusan iri ɗaya ne da danginsa daga Eurasia, tare da wasu bambance-bambance da aka sani. Telecud na matsakaiciyar tsayi tana da launin toka ko launin toka mai ruwan shuɗi; baki da fari a allon. Fuska da kanta mafi fari fari ne da fararen bakar fata biyu wadanda suka fara daga hanci, a saman idanu da kunnuwa zuwa wuya. Kafafu, kafafu da ƙananan jikin baƙi ne. Farin makogwaro - ba kamar na Eurasi ba, wanda ke da makogwaron baki. Wutsiyar ƙarancin alade mai tsayi ya fi tsayi, goshinsa da fararen fararen fata (baƙar fata a cikin baƙon Eurasi)

Habitat

Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a kudu maso gabashin Asiya: Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, game da. Sumatra. Don maganar wurare da yawa wurare ne halayyar - filayen gandun daji, gandun daji mai tsayi da tuddai (teledu yakan hau zuwa 3500 m saman matakin teku), yankunan daji, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi (gandun daji), filayen noma.

Abinci mai gina jiki

A cikin abincin maganar ya hada da: kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari, tushen, albarkatu masu tushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Abubuwan da aka fi so game da masu samar da naman alade shine tsintsayen duniya, waɗanda suka ƙware a fili daga ƙasa tare da taimakon motsi da abubuwan haɗarin ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Waɗannan dabbobin suna samun abincinsu, suna dogara da koyarwar da ta ci gaba, suna fitar da tsutsotsi daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Teledu dangi = Arctonyx F. Cuvier, 1825

Akwai daya kawai jinsin: teledu, naman alade (hog badger) - A. collaris F. Cuvier, 1825. Yawan jama'ar karkara suna kiran lambar alade a China "Zhu-huan" ko "huan-zhu", kuma a Indonesia ana kiranta da "pulusan".

Masu girma dabam Tsayin Jikin 55-70 cm, tsayin wutsiya mai tsawon 12-17 cm. Girman kilogiram 7-14. Bayyananniyar wani abu ne game da wani maras kyau, amma mucks yana da elongated, '' forelimbs suna da iko sosai, ƙamshin haske mai tsananin haske, wutsiya tana da ɗan tsawo. Gashin gashi yana da wuya kuma mai wuya. A baya launin rawaya ne, ko launin toka-toka ko launin toka. A kai farin fararen fata ne da baki. Kunnuwa da wutsiya fari ne. Ciki ciki da wata gabar baki, baki ne fari. Girman gland ana haɓaka da kyau.

Yana zaune da rabe-raben halittu iri daban daban a cikin filayen da kuma tsaunika. Aiki da dare. Yana amfani da rana a cikin ɓoye duwatsun ko kuwa a cikin duhun zurfafan da aka haƙa da su. Mai iko duka. Yawancin lokaci ana yin sanduna 4 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.

Kasuwancin naman alade sun mamaye kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma sun hada da Bangladesh, Indiya, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia da tsibirin Sumatra. A nan, teledu yana da mazaunin wurare da yawa - filayen gandun daji, gandun daji mai tsayi da tuddai, wurare na gandun daji, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, da filayen noma. A cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, teledu yakan tashi zuwa tsayi zuwa 3500 m sama da matakin teku.

Mafi kyawun fasalin fasalin fasalin alade shine hanci mai ruwan hoda, wanda aka rufe shi da gashi mai ƙyalli kuma yayi kama da alade, saboda shi dabbar ta samu sunan ta.

Jikin ɗan maraƙi ne mai fara'a, mai tsananin dumin ciki. Shugaban kuma yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da siffofi na zahiri. Idanun da suke nan suna yadu sosai da ƙanana da yawa, wanda ke nuni da rashin gani sosai. Alƙawura gajere ne da kauri. A lokaci guda, babbar madaidaiciyar maƙallan hasken da ya dace da shi don digging girma akan goshin. Wutsiya tana da tsawo.

Teledu dabba ce mai matsakaici. Tsawon jikinsa da kan sa shine 55-70 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine cm 12-17. nauyin dabbobi da ya manyanta yakai daga kilo 7-14.

Jawo yana launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan sanyi na tsawon matsakaici. Farfin doki da ƙusoshin maraƙin maraƙi launin toka mai launin shuɗi, gaban gaba da baya duhu. Lowerananan jikin, ƙafafu da ƙafafu sunyi duhu. Dansandan yana da fari tare da ratsin baƙar fata guda biyu wanda yafice daga lebe na sama ta idanu da kunnuwa zuwa wuya. Akwai alamu baƙi da fari a kan fuskar alade naman alade. Kunci, wuya da kunnuwanka sun yi fari.

Teledo a kan mafi yawan kewayonsa yana haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. A Indiya, wani lokacin ana iya ganin sa da sassafe ko da yamma. A lokacin rana, telecud yana ɓoyewa daga zafin rana da abokan gaba a cikin rami wanda ya haƙa shi ko yake amfani da kowane nau'in mafaka na ƙasa (ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, ɓarke ​​rassan a gadaje kogin, da dai sauransu). A cikin kasar Sin, ganiya mafi girman ayyuka tana sauka ne a cikin lokutan da aka riga aka yi farauta: daga 3 zuwa 5 na safe da maraice na yamma - daga 19 zuwa 21 hours.

Abokan halitta baicin mutane manyan kuliyoyi ne: damisa da damisa. Lokacin da maharbi ya fada, damisa yana kare kansa da karfin karshinsa da hakoransa masu karfi. Bugu da kari, telecad tana da fata mai kauri sosai, wanda ke kiyaye ta da kyau daga hakoran dabbobi masu iya yanke hukunci. Mai sanya launi na jikin teledu shima gargaɗi ne cewa mai wannan fata yana da haɗari a bayyane kuma yana da kyau a bar shi kaɗai. Kari akan haka, badon alade, kamar sauran mustelids, yana da glandon furofesa masu kamshi wadanda suke tonon asiri.

Dabbobin alade suna jagoranci salon rayuwa, kamar yadda mafi yawan lokuta ana haduwa dasu a lokaci daya. Kuma mata kawai suna haɗuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi yayin da suke neman abinci tare da 'ya'yansu kusa da kogon.

Tushen abincin da ke cikin teleda suna da ƙwayar cuta daban-daban (tsutsotsi na ƙasa, larvae), ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tushen ciyayi mai kyau, amfanin gona da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Masu cin naman alade suna samun abincin su saboda hankalin su na wari. Tushen da kuma tushen amfanin gona, har da kananan dabbobi, an haƙa su maraƙi daga ƙasa tare da ƙafafun gaba da ke da makamai masu kaifi, kazalika incisors da motsi na ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

A cewar wasu rahotanni, a cikin watanni masu sanyi - daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu-Maris, teledus na iya fadawa cikin lokacin hunturu, don haka fuskantar lokacin ciyar da hunturu cikin yanayin yanayi da yanayin abinci.

Ba a san yawan shekarun garken a cikin yanayi ba, amma a cikin bauta suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 14.

Ana iya haifuwa da kuma tarwatsewa a cikin Mayu. Mata bayan kusan watanni 10 na haihuwa suna haihuwar jarirai a watan Fabrairu-Maris na shekara mai zuwa. A bayyane yake, telecenter yana da jinkiri a cikin ci gaban embryos. Yawancin lokaci, mace mace teledu ta haifi 'yan kwikwiyo na 2-4 (a kan matsakaita 3). Jariri yayi nauyin g 58, kuma a haihuwarsu gaba daya makafi ne da kurma. Lactation ya kai har tsawon watanni 4, sannan yaran su canza zuwa makiyaya. Matasa masu lalata alade sun kai girman dabba dabba tun yana 7-8 watanni.

Darajan kuɗin alade ga mutum ba shi da mahimmanci: ko da yake yawan jama'ar a Indiya da Vietnam suna cinye su saboda mai da fata. Tare da aikinta na digging, teleda zai iya cutar da amfanin gona. An yi imanin cewa mai gidan telebijin na iya zama jigilar masu ba da fatawa, amma babu ingantaccen tabbaci game da wannan.

Teledu a cikin kewayonsa ƙarami ne a wasu wurare kuma yana fuskantar barazanar ruguzawa. Sabili da haka, a Indiya, an jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Rubutu.

A halin yanzu, masu bincike sun gano ƙananan lambobi guda shida na alade mara kyau: Arctonyx collaris collaris - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, kudu maso gabashin yankin Himalayas, A. c. mulkin mallaka - Thailand, Vietnam, Arewacin Burma, A. c. hoevi - Sumatra, A. c. leucolaemus - arewacin China, A. c. albugularis - Kudancin China, A. c. jakada - kudancin Assam da Myanmar

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Teledo ko baƙar naman alade (Arctonyx collaris) dabbobi ne masu cin nasara na dabba mafi kyau. Halittar kimiyya ta sunan halittar dan kasar Faransa masanin dabi'ar halitta kuma masanin dabi'ar halitta dan kasar Georges-Frederic Cuvier a shekarar 1825. Magoya baya sun fito daga zuriyar Meles na kasar Sin da ke zaune a farkon Pleistocene.

Bidiyo: Teledu

Tsarin zamani ya samo asali ne a farkon Tsarin Pleistocene. Kwatantawa tsakanin burbushin halittu da samfuran rai yana nuna yanayin ci gaba mai saurin fahimta zuwa ga omnivorous. Wani lokaci ana samun kasusuwa mara kyau a cikin yadudduka daga kwanakin da suka gabata saboda halayen dabba na dabba. Wadannan dabbobin suna da cikakkun fannoni don yawancin Turai mai tsauri kuma Asiya. An yi tattaunawa da yawa game da rarrabuwa tsakanin jinsuna. Akwai bambancin ƙasa tsakanin mutane daga ɓangarori daban-daban na kewayon tsarin kwanyar, ilimin halittar hakoran farko da alamun fuska.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mabiyan Turai da na Asiya suna cikin jinsuna daban, iyaka tsakanin su ita ce Kogin Volga.

Karatuttukan kwayoyin halittar DNA na mitochondrial sun nuna rabuwa da bambance-bambancen guda biyu a bangarorin biyu na Volga, amma ainihin matsayinsu na haraji bai tabbata ba. Arin binciken hakora a kan kuncin mutum a cikin kewayon ya tabbatar da wannan rabuwa kuma yana tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyar Arctonyx hakika wata halitta ce gabaɗaya.

Bayanin Pig Badger

Arctonyx collaris (naman alade badger) daga dangin Marten ana kiransa garken kullun a matsayin garken, wanda ba daidai bane kuma lalacewa ta hanyar kuskuren da masanin ilimin kimiyya Vladimir Sokolov yayi a cikin aikin "Tsarin ilimin dabbobi masu shayarwa" (Volume III). A zahiri, sunan "teledu" nasa ne na jinsin Mydaus javanensis (bincike mara kyau) daga dabi'ar 'Mydaus, wanda Sokolov ya tsallake yayin tsarin.

Ina tallan yake?

Hoto: Teledu a yanayi

Gangaren alade galibi ana samun su ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, daga Sikkim da arewa maso gabashin China zuwa Thailand. An samo su a tashar jirgin ruwan Indiya da tsibirin Sumatra, kazalika a cikin yankuna na gabashin Palearctic. Teledu ba nau'in ƙaura ne ba kuma babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa ƙabilar ne da aka gabatar da su.

Ana ganin wannan badger ɗin a cikin kullun a cikin Thailand da kuma cikin dazuzzukan daji masu zafi da ciyayi na Terai a arewa maso gabashin Indiya da gabashin Bangladesh. Ana samo shi a Indochina da kuma a kudancin China. Ana rarraba rarraba shi a cikin Myanmar ba daidai bane. A tsibirin Sumatra na Indonesiya, ana samun teledu a yawanci a sama da nisan mil 2000. A gabashin Mongolia akwai kaɗai keɓantattun mutane.

Gane tallafin da ke cikin teledu ta kasance:

• babban teledu (A. c. collaris) - na zaune a gabashin Himalayas,
• arewacin teledu (A. c. albogularis) - sararin yana kudu da China a arewacin Shaanxi,
• Kayan alade na kasar Sin (A. s. Leucolaemus) - suna a arewacin kasar Sin daga Kansu zuwa Zhili,
• Sumatran teledu (A. v. Hoevenii) - zaune a Sumatra,
• Indochinese (A. v. Fir'auna) - suna zaune a kudancin Thailand da kuma cikin Indochina,
• Kayan alade na Burmese (A. v. Conul) - wanda aka samo daga Assam zuwa Myanmar.

Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin wurare da yawa: daga cikin gandun daji mai yawa (tsayayye da kullun) har zuwa "gari" da babu itace. Yankin ya hada da ciyayin da ke mamaye ciyawar, kamar su Kaziranga National Park. A Bangladesh, ana kuma ganin dabbar a cikin lambunan shayi da sauran wuraren zama ba gandun daji. Matsakaicin ingancin mazaunin mazaunin ba a san shi ba: daidaitattun sahihan bincike a cikinsu ba kasafai ba ne, kuma kama dabbobi masu shayarwa irin wannan ba su da yawa a yawancin wannan nau'in.

Rayuwa, halayya

An haɗa naman alade a raminsa kuma yana jagorantar rayuwa mai gudana, ba motsi gaba daga madawwamin gidanta ta fiye da 400-500 m. Yankin na mutum yana ƙaruwa a cikin radius kawai inda babu isasshen abinci, saboda wanda aka cire mafarautan daga rami ta hanyar kilomita 2-3 . Tare da abinci da yawa, dabbobi za su zauna kusa da juna, suna da ramuka a cikin rami ɗaya na kwari. Burrows suna tono da kansu ko amfani da mafaka na halitta, alal misali, ɓarke ​​rassan a cikin kogin ko ɓarna a ƙarƙashin duwatsu.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Suna yawan lokaci a cikin rami: a cikin hunturu - ba ma kwana ɗaya ba, amma makonni. A cikin mawuyacin watanni (daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu - Maris), masu cin naman alade sun shiga cikin ɓoye-fata, wanda, duk da haka, ba a tsawanta shi ba, kamar balai da yawa, amma yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa.

A cikin ramin da ya haƙa yana zaune shekara da shekaru, yana faɗaɗawa, zurfafawa da ƙara ƙwanƙwasawa, wanda ya sa ya zama mai ɗaukar hankali da rikitarwa: maye gurbin 2-5 kantuna ya zo tare da sababbin ramuka 40-50. Gaskiya ne, akwai wasu manyan hanyoyin ruwa a cikin aiki akai, ragowar suna cikin ajiyar wuri, ana amfani da su idan haɗari ko don ɓarna da ke shiga cikin iska mai kyau.

Abubuwan alade suna haɗuwa da haɗuwa kuma yawanci suna bugun abinci ɗaya a lokaci guda. Ban da haka shine mace tare da 'ya'yansa, a tattara wuraren kiwon makiyaya kusa da kogon.

Abin rami na badger yana da tsabta da ban mamaki - babu ragowar abincin da aka ci rabin abinci (kamar dawakai) ko feces. Bayan tsabtar cikin gida, dabbar tana shirya kayan wanki a cikin ciyawa / ciyawa mai tsayi, a matsayin mai mulkin, nesa da gidaje.

Kwanan nan ya juya cewa badon ɗin alade yana farka ba kawai da daddare ba (kamar yadda aka yi tsammani a baya), har ma da rana. Bugu da kari, maharbin kusan bashi da tsoron mutane kuma, sabanin dabbobin daji da yawa, baya birgewa, yana tafiya cikin daji. Yakan yi amo da ƙarfi, yana jefa hancinsa a ƙasa, kuma yana yin amo da yawa yayin motsi, wanda ake saurararsa musamman a lokacin bushewar ciyawa da ciyawa.

Mahimmanci! Hankalinta ba shi da kyau - yana gani kawai abubuwa masu motsi, jin sa kuma yayi daidai da na mutum. Gabas a sarari ga dabba yana taimakawa m ji daɗin wari, haɓaka mafi kyau fiye da sauran hankalin.

A cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, dabba tana birgewa, a cikin wani yanayi mai fushinta sai yayi ta birgima ba zato, ta juya zuwa wani abu mai sokin yayin fada da dangi ko saduwa da makiya. Badungiyar alade tana iya iyo, amma tana shiga ruwa ta buƙatu na gaggawa.

Me teledu yake ci?

Hoto: Teledu daga cikin jan littafin

Karnuka suna cin abinci iri-iri, gwargwadon abin da ake da su a yanzu, daga tsirrai zuwa tsutsotsi da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da teledo dabba dabba. Zai iya samun abinci ta amfani da ƙasa mai tonon alade. Amma ban da wannan, teledu mai mallakar kaifi ne mai kaifi wanda dabbar ke amfani da ita don abinci da kuma kariya daga maharbanta.

Jikin teledu yayi kama da aladu masu squat waɗanda suka tona ƙasa a ɓoye don neman abinci mai ɗanɗano. Dabba tana da ingantacciyar ma'ana jin ƙanshi kuma wannan yana ba ka damar jin ƙanshi a nesa mai nisa, har ma da ƙasa. Sun tono a cikin ƙasa ta amfani da elongated mucks, incisors da ƙugiyoyi na ƙananan muƙamuƙi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, tushen da tubers ne ake cinye Teleda. Abinda ya fi so shine maganin duniya.

Abincin da ke cikin teledu shine:

'Yan ɓarna suna fita neman abinci a ɓoye mai zurfi, kuma suna ɓata daren nan duka suna yin wannan aikin, su huta lokacin rana. Ba a fahimci abincin da ke cikin teledu ba; zato ya dogara ne da sifofin ilimin halittar mutum fiye da bayanan abinci mai gina jiki kai tsaye. Dogaro mai ƙarfi akan tsutsotsi yayi bayani game da amfanin dabbobi na halin yanzu.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Photo: Teledo, aka lamba

Badger teledu - hermits na wayar hannu waɗanda suka fi son kasancewa tare, ban da lokacin kiwo. Dabbobi suna tafiya da kansu, wani lokacin ma nesa nesa kusa. Suna aiki da daddare (daren dare). Alade sukan yi birgima a cikin ƙasa don neman abinci ko ƙirƙirar wurin da ba kowa. Gasar mazaunin badger hog yana bayyana ƙaramin yanki na yanki inda zaku iya samun ingantaccen tushen abinci da wurin kwana.

Duk da cewa ba a san takamaiman bayani game da ainihin girman yankin teledu ba, matayen gersan matan suna da kewayon gida na 12.4 km². Tsarin sadarwa na ma badgers ba a bayyane yake ba. Koda yake, ana zaton cewa suna amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa mai ma'ana da sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da ƙanshin, kamar yadda sauran al'ummomi keɓaɓɓe daga dangin badgers, otters da weasels.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Karatun da muke yi yanzu ya nuna cewa wayoyin tarho na iya aiki yayin dare da rana (duk da ikirarin da suka gabata cewa asalin halittar ne ba dare ba rana), yana zaune a kasa kuma baya jin tsoron mutane.

Teledu na da halin zama mara walwala da saurin fushi. Kafin aure, maza suna ƙoƙarin barin tururi, suna shiga yaƙin 'yan'uwansu. Ominous skirmishes yana tare da mummunan gurɓatar gland kusa da dubura da kuma nuna haƙoran haƙora. An ba da tabbacin irin wannan liyafar ga duk wanda ya hau kan iyakokin yankin sa. Manyan masu farautar ne kawai zasu iya yin nasara akan wannan halitta. A cikin zafin rana, badgers yakan ɓoye a cikin ramuka. Daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, teledu hibernate.

Iri irin naman alade

A halin yanzu, an bayyana matsayin 6 na badger alade, waɗanda ba su bambanta sosai da na waje kamar yadda suke a cikin mazauninsu:

• Arctonyx collaris collaris - Assam, Bhutan, Sikkim da kudu maso gabashin Himalayas,
• Arctonyx collaris albugularis - Kudancin China,
• Arctonyx mai mulkin kama karya - Vietnam, Thailand da arewacin Burma,
• Mabudin rikicin arctonyx - Myanmar da Kudancin Assam,
• Arctonyx collaris leucolaemus - Arewacin China,
• Arctonyx collaris hoevi - Sumatra.

Mahimmanci! Ba duk likitocin dabbobi suna gano nau'ikan guda 6 na Arctonyx collaris: masu haɗaɗɗun jerin IUCN Red List suna da tabbacin cewa badon naman alade yana da rassa 3 ne kacal.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Saurayi Teledu

Ba a san kaɗan game da halaye na aladu ba. Maza suna fara haihuwar su fiye da na mace. Lokacin kiwo yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa Satumba, kuma lokacin haihuwar ya bambanta daga watanni 5 zuwa 9.5. Sakamakon jinkirin daukar ciki, lokacin haihuwar yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin watan Fabrairu ko ma Maris, kuma ainihin lokacin ciki shine kimanin makonni shida.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin wajan telecod, kwai ya hadu da ciki ba ya shiga matakin tayi ne nan da nan. Tana cikin mucous membrane na mahaifa kuma yana jiran yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka. Sai bayan hutuwar ne farkon farawar mahaifa zai fara. Irin wannan lokacin ci gaba ne ya baiwa mace damar haihuwa a cikin lokacin da ya fi dacewa don renon yara.

Girman Litter daga 2 zuwa 4 jarirai. Mace ta isa ga balaga yayin watanni 8, yayin da maza suka manyanta lokacin jima'i kawai a shekara guda. Bugu da kari, ba a san komai yayin da saurayi ya zama mai cikakken yanci daga mahaifiyarsa. Wannan na faruwa, mai yiwuwa, a cikin watanni 5-6. Mata sune manyan masu kula da zuriyar kuma sunayenres daga nono har zuwa watanni 4. A halin yanzu babu wani bayani game da takamaiman kulawar iyaye. An kafa cewa a cikin fursuna matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar ma'aikaciyar shekaru 14 ne.

Habitat, mazauni

Alade Badger yana zaune ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma ana samunsa a Bangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia da tsibirin Sumatra.

Ana lura da ci gaba da rarraba jinsunan a arewa maso gabashin Indiya, da kuma a Bangladesh, inda adadin adadi na dabbobi ke zaune a kudu maso gabashin ƙasar.

A cikin Bangladesh, kewayon ɓarna mai ɓoye:

• Chunoti Sanatan daji,
• Jami'ar Chittagong harabar,
• Fashahali Gidan Dabbobin daji,
• arewa maso gabas (gundumar Sylhet, Habigondzh da Mulovibazar),
• Gasar Lazachara.

A Laos, dabbobi da farko suna zaune a arewacin, tsakiya, da kuma sassan kudu na ƙasar, kuma a Vietnam, yanki mara kyau na alade yana da kashi sosai. Jinsi ya zauna a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi masu zafi (disiduous da kogi), da kwarin da ke ambaliyar ruwa, filin noma da kuma dazuzzukan daji. A cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan naman alade ana iya samo su sama da 3.5 km sama da matakin teku.

Abokan gaba na abokan teledo

Hoto: Badger Teledu

Baƙaƙen Teledu ba su dace da masu farauta ba, saboda suna da manyan fafaffun fuka-fukai, jaws mai ƙarfi, fata mai sassauƙa da halin halin mutuntaka. Launin su na da gargaɗi-mai barazanar, wato, yana da launi daban-daban don gargaɗi sauran dabbobin cewa ba shi da mahimmanci a tuntuɓe shi. Badgers ƙwararrun masu digo ne, kuma suna iya kwace motsi daga filin hangen nesa na maharbin idan suna cikin haɗari. Kari akan haka, suna tonon sililin da yake fitowa daga glandon su, wanda zai iya tsoratar da masu yiwuwar farauta daga gare su. Koyaya, ba a san ko wannan ainihin aikin kariya ba ne.

Mashahurai masu kishin teledu sune:

Babu kusan wata sanarwa da aka sani game da tasirin badgers a cikin tsarin zamansu. Koyaya, saboda halayen cin abincin su, suna taka rawa wajen sarrafa yawan alkaluman jama'a. Bugu da kari, suna kwance kasar gona yayin tono. Wani muhimmin rawar da suke takawa shine ƙirƙirar mazauni ga sauran ƙananan dabbobi godiya ga ababen da aka watsar.

Babu ƙaramin sanannun shaidar da za ta ba da shawarar kyakkyawan fa'ida ga mutane daga telecod. Koyaya, wasu gungun mutane a Indiya suna cin bautar, suna farauta da shuka abinci a China. A Laos, zaɓin dandano na amfani da baƙar alade kamar yadda abinci ya bambanta tsakanin kabilu daban-daban. Wadansu basa tsinkayen dabbar a matsayin nama don abinci, yayin da kungiyoyi a sassan Nam Teun pool suke daukar telechedon wani abun ci ne ..

Babu sanannan illolin cutar da masu ɗabi'a a jikin ɗan adam. Koyaya, an san cewa danginsa, baƙon Eurasi, suna fama da tarin cututtukan dabbobi. Akwai yuwuwar cewa teledu na iya ɗaukar cututtukan cututtuka gama gari ga dabbobi. An san su da lalata amfanin gona.

Abincin Abincin Kayan Abinci

Maharbi yana da iko duk ɗaya, kuma yana samun abincin da ya bambanta da godiya ga ƙoshin hanci da hankali. Abincin naman alade ya haɗa da shuka da abincin dabbobi:

• m tushen da tushen amfanin gona,
• 'ya'yan itãcen marmari,
• invertebrates (larvae da earthworms),
• kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Don abinci, maƙiyin yana aiki tare da goshinsa da ƙarfi, yana watsa ƙasa da fuskarsa da amfani da motsi / hadarin ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Yawancin mazauna karkara suna ganin yadda ɓarnar take kama abubuwa a cikin ƙananan koguna.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Photo: Yaya teledu yake?

Ba a yi nazarin yawan jama'ar Teledu dodo dalla-dalla don fahimtar yadda abubuwa suke da yawa. Mitar da kyamarar tarkon keɓaɓɓu ruwan tabarau ya bambanta sosai kan yanayin ƙasa. A wasu yankuna, wannan shine ɗayan hotuna mafi yawan hotuna, alal misali, a Tailandia da Nakai Nam Theun Kare na inasa da ke Laos, yayin da sauran yankuna keɓaɓɓun nau'in halittar.

Akalla dalilai biyu zasu iya ƙirƙirar wannan samfurin rikodin rikice-rikice: canji na dabi'a a ɗimbin yawa da raguwa sakamakon aikin ɗan adam, yana faruwa a cikin saƙo daban-daban cikin yanayin daidaitawa. Ba da daɗewa ba cikakken bayani isa ya kimanta ko da kimanin adadin mutane.

A Laos, duk binciken da aka yi a kan kyamarar tarko ya gano teleda, wanda ke nuna halin koshin lafiya ga nau'in. An yi rikodin girman ƙauyuka a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka. Amma akwai karancin bayanan da aka tattara daga filayen. Wannan tsarin rarraba nau'in ya rigaya bayyananne kafin a sanya kyamarorin kuma an kafa shi ne akan kallo na kai tsaye da kuma bayanan dabbobi da suka mutu.

Koyaya, a Tailandia, wannan nau'in ana yawan rubuta shi a ƙananan tsauraran wurare, gami da ƙananan filayen wurare. Wannan ya nuna cewa rashin wayar telebu a Laos a cikin tsaunuka inda farauta ya fi tasiri yana nuna cewa inda ake farautar dabbobi, raguwar tayi sauri. Kuma wannan na iya haifar da lalata telebo.

Yawan Jama'a a Myanmar kuma suna da yawa. A Tailandia, nau'in har yanzu yana tartsatsi a cikin yanayin rayuwarsa. A arewa maso gabashin Indiya, badakalar naman alade, kodayake gama gari ne a babban yanki, yawanci ba kasafai ba ne. Yawan yawan jama'arta a yankin Sinanci (wani yanki na lardin Yunnan) ya yi kadan.

Kiwo da zuriya

A matsayinka na mai mulki, lokacin haila ya sauka a watan Mayu, amma bayyanar zuriya ta jinkirta - haihuwar an haife su bayan watanni 10, wanda aka bayyana daga matakin karshen, wanda ci gaban amfrayo yana jinkirta.

A watan Fabrairu - Maris na shekara mai zuwa, jakar mace ta kawo 2 zuwa 6, amma kuma galibi galibi uku ba za su iya taimaka masu da makafi ba, suna yin nauyi 70-80 g.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Cubs suna inganta a hankali, suna samun auricles da makonni 3 da haihuwa, buɗe idanu a kwanaki 35-42 da samun hakora a wata 1.

Yayin ƙirƙirar hakora, ana lura da abin da ake kira raguwa, lokacin da aka daina yanke haƙoran na farko, amma lokacin yana da watanni 2.5 tsawon ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Likitocin dabbobi masu alaƙar dabbobi suna haɗuwa da wannan sabon abu tare da ciyar da madara na musamman da na marigayi, amma sauyawa sauyawa zuwa makiyaya.

Yankunan mace na mace kimanin watanni 4. Badan wasan ɓarna ba da son rai ba kuma suna wasa tare da brothersan'uwa / mata, amma, girma, rasa kwarewar haɗin gwiwar da sha'awar sadarwa. 'Ya'yan naman alade suna samun ayyukan haifuwa ta watanni 7-8.

Mai tsaron Telegu

Hoto: Teledu daga cikin jan littafin

An saka Teledu cikin jerin ƙarancin nau'in damuwa. Koyaya, yawan jama'arsu yana raguwa koyaushe, kuma a halin yanzu suna cikin masu haɗari. A Tailandia da Indiya, masu bad suna ƙarƙashin kariya sosai a ƙarƙashin doka. Ana barazanar su ta amfani da karnukan farauta a cikin Indochina.

Teledu an jera shi azaman nau'in haɗari a cikin Littafin Red saboda an fallasa shi ga barazanar da yawa. Masu nuna alama a gabashin yankin, musamman a Vietnam da Laos, suna kan matsakaiciyar raguwa (20-25%) sama da shekaru 15 (ƙarni uku) kuma babu wani dalilin da zai sa a sami raguwa a cikin raguwar raguwa. Musamman, a cikin Myanmar da Kambodiya, yanayin raguwa na iya ƙaruwa, saboda wadatar wadatar jama'a da dangantaka da kasuwa. Lallai halin da ake ciki a kasar Kambodiya zai iya tabarbarewa musamman saboda karuwar tarkokin tarkowa a lardunan gabashin da ke kan iyaka da Vietnam.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana tsammanin barazanar Teledu za ta zama ƙasa kaɗan a cikin yawan mutanen Sumatra da mafi yawan China (inda akwai yuwuwar raguwa).

Teledu cikin buqata saboda amfani da maganin gargajiya, wanda ya yadu a yankunan karkara. Bugu da kari, ci gaba da tsarkake dabi'un halitta don rabewar masana'antu. Yakamata a rinka shawo kan wannan nau'in lokaci-lokaci domin littafin Red dangane da barazanar da ake ciki da kuma rashin tabbas dangane da matakin amfani da kasar ta hanyar yaduwar jinsunan da kuma sakamakon sa ga yawan gandun daji.

Biyan kuɗi na Teledo

A yau akwai subsan asalin 6 na masu cin naman alade:
• A. c. Dictator zaune a Vietnam, Thailand da arewacin Burma,
• Arctonyx collaris collaris sun zama ruwan dare a Assam, a kudu maso gabas na Himalayas, Bhutan da Sikkim,
• A. c. Albugularis suna zaune a Kudancin China,
• A. c. Ana samun hoevi a cikin Sumatra,
• A. c. Leucolaemus suna zaune a arewacin China,
• A. c. Consul suna zaune a Myanmar da Assam.

Teledu ya inganta ingantattun gland gland, waɗanda aka tsara don alamar ƙasa.

Alade Badger Yanayin Rayuwa

Teleda suna jagoranci salon rayuwa, don haka ana samun yawancin mutane yawancin lokaci. Amma mata sukan taru a ƙaramin rukuni yayin neman abinci tare da danginsu. Ana lura da aiki a cikin baƙuwar alade da dare, kuma lokacin rana suna ciyarwa cikin ɓoyewar maharbi ko murƙun duwatsu. A Indiya, ana kuma iya ganin bad bad a sanyin safiya ko da yamma. A China, ana lura da mafi yawan ayyukan cin naman alade kafin asuba: da safe 3 da safe, haka kuma a maraice zuwa awanni 19-21.

Waɗannan omnivores ne. Teledu na iya zama a cikin wurare da yawa iri iri: a filayen katako, tsaunuka, gandun daji da filayen noma. A cikin tsaunuka, masu cin naman alade sun tashi zuwa tsayin mita 3500. Suna iya haƙa ramuka ko kuma amfani da mafaka ta halitta, za su iya ɓoyewa a cikin tarin tarin rassan da ke cikin kogin.

Teledu ya zama ruwan dare gama gari da kuma tsaunika.Da rana, yana ɓoye cikin manyan ramuka ko wasu mafaka.

Abokan gaba na makiyayan alade sune manyan kuliyoyi: damisa da damisa. Lokacin da maharbi ya kai hari kan jakar alade, yakan kare kansa da karfin hakora da karfi. Bugu da kari, teleda tana da kauri sosai, wanda yake da wahalar cizo har zuwa maharbin. Teledude, kamar sauran wakilan marten, yana da glandar ƙoshin wuta, daga wanda ake fito da ruwan magustan.

A cewar wasu rahotanni, wayar salula tana yin hibernates a cikin watanni masu sanyi, wanda ya kasance daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, don haka suna shiga cikin mawuyacin lokaci lokacin da babu isasshen abinci. Ba a san tsammanin rayuwar badger a cikin yanayi ba, amma a cikin bauta za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 14.

Abincin Teledu

Masu cin naman alade suna ciyar da abinci iri-iri, kamar kwari, larvae da ciyawar ƙasa, kuma suna kai hari ga ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bugu da kari, an hada wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu yawa a cikin abincin ta ta teleda.

Launuka masu kyau na alade alade ya kamata su nuna cewa wannan dabba tana da haɗari, don haka ya fi kyau kar a yi rikici da shi.

Dabbobin alade suna neman abinci tare da taimakon hankalinsu na ƙanshi. Suna tono Tushen da dabbobi daban-daban, suna haifar da rayuwa ta karkashin kasa, tare da gaban goshinsu, wanda ke ƙare da ƙarfi, don wannan suna amfani da incisors da motsi na ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

Kiwon naman alade

Rikicin Teledu yana faruwa mai yiwuwa ne a watan Mayu. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin watanni 10. An haife jarirai 2-4 a cikin mace, wanda ke faruwa tsakanin Fabrairu da Maris. Jariri yakai nauyin 58. A haihuwa, gaba ɗaya kurame ne da makafi.

Mace tana ciyar da yarinyar da mai shan mama nono na tsawon watanni 4, bayan haka ne yaran suka fara ciyar da kiwo. Matasa mara kyau sun isa masu girma girma a watanni 7-8.

A lokacin ciyarwa, lambar ba digon ba kawai tare da maƙallan ta ba, har ma tare da mucks mai motsi mai tsawo, kamar alade.

Mahimmancin telecod ga mutane da lambobin su a cikin yanayi

Indan asalin asalin Indiya da Vietnam suna farautar cinikin naman alade don fitar da mai da fata. Tunda wayanda suke tonon sililin, wasu lokuta sukan cutar da karamin lalacewar tsirrai.

An yi imani da cewa badakalar alade na iya zama dillalai na rabies, amma ba a tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba.

Tsakanin kewayon, masu cin naman alade a yankuna da yawa kima ne kuma suna cikin haɗari. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Ruwa a Indiya.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Rayuwa & Abubuwa

Teledu yakan haifar da rayuwa mara kyau (amma a Indiya ana iya ganinsa tun da sassafe ko kuma da yamma), da rana yana ɓoye a cikin rami wanda aka haƙa shi ko ɓoye cikin mafaka ta halitta (rami a ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko ɓoye, a gadajen kogin). A yayin da maharbi suka farmaki, an kare badger ta tafin hannu da haƙoranta masu ƙarfi. Telecud yana da fata mai kauri wanda ke kare ta da kyau daga haƙoran abokan gaba. Zane kuma yana zama gargadi ne cewa yana da ha ari kuma yana da kyau a bar shi kawai.

Kamar sauran Kunim, yana da ƙwayoyin gland na furotin wanda ke rufe sirrin pungent.

Akwai shaidun cewa daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu (Maris), teledus ya faɗi cikin barcin hunturu.

Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa

Teledu - masu dabi'ar rashin tausayi. Kafin lokacin aure ya fara, suna zama masu zafin rai kuma galibi suna kaiwa 'yan uwansu hari. Tsananin yana tafiya tare da wani haƙoran haƙoran haƙora da mummunan gurɓataccen abu wanda ya samo asali daga gland biyu na kusa da dubura. Ana bayar da irin wannan dabarar ga duk wanda ya keta iyakokin ƙasarsu, wanda aka yi alama da fitsari ko kuma ruwa iri ɗaya. Babban mayaƙan dabbobi, gami da damisa, da ƙyar bera da damisa, sun iya jure waɗannan halittun masu yanke hukunci.

Game da tsarin zamantakewa maganar da haifuwarta, ba a sani kaɗan. Wataƙila, waɗannan dabbobin suna jagoranci salon rayuwa ne kawai, sabodaMafi yawan lokuta ana haɗuwa da su a lokaci guda (ban da mace da ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda ke motsawa cikin kogon). Cutar ciki a cikin baƙaƙen alade yana kimanin watanni 10. Dangane da wannan, an ba da shawara cewa telecenter yana da jinkiri a ci gaban embryos. A watan Fabrairu-Maris, an haife 2-4an 2-4 a cikin mace. Sabbin jarirai masu nauyin kimanin 60. Lactation yana dauke har zuwa watanni 4. Girman 'yar tsintsiya ta dabba ya kai watanni 7-8. Tsawon rayuwa a cikin zaman talala ya kai shekaru 14.