Maniyyi Whale (Jikin macrocephalus) - wakilin zamani kawai na dangin Whale da kuma mafi girma na babban Whales. Sperm Whale sau da yawa ya jawo hankalin marubutan saboda musamman bayyanar, mummunan halin da yanayinsa ke ciki. Bayanin kimiyya game da maniyyin Whale an ba shi daga Carl Linnaeus. Sperm Whales sune mafi girma a cikin babban kifayen kifi, kuma suna girma duk rayuwarsu, don haka mazan babban kifi Whale, ya fi girma, a matsayin mai mulki. Maza manya sun kai tsawon mita 20 kuma nauyi na tan 50, mace tana ƙanƙanta - tsawonsu ya kai 15 m, kuma nauyinsu ya kai tan 20. Sperm Whale yana daya daga cikin Can Cetaceans da ke halayyar dimorphism: mace ya bambanta da maza ba kawai a girma ba, har ma a cikin farce, yawan hakora, girman da sifar kai, da dai sauransu.

Maniyyi saha ya shahara tsakanin sauran manyan kifayen waliyan da yawa fasalolin sifofi iri iri. Fitowar maniyyi Whale yana da halayyar gaske, don haka yana da wuya a gauraya shi da sauran cetace. Babban babba cikin tsofaffin maza ya kai kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duka tsawon jikin (wani lokacin ma har da, har zuwa 35% na tsawon), a cikin mata yana da ɗan ƙarami da ƙanƙanta, amma kuma yana ɗaukar kusan kwata na tsawon. Mafi yawan sautin kai yana dauke da jakar abin da ake kira jakar maniyyi, wanda yake a saman jawashin sama, wani yanki mai dumbin yawa wanda aka sanya shi da maniyyi, mataccen mai hadaddun abubuwa. Aukar nauyin "maniyyi aljihu" ya kai tan 6 (har ma da 11). Shugaban ruwan maniyyi yana daɗaɗa ƙarfi daga bangarorin da nuna, kuma an damƙaɗa matar mata da ƙananan kifaye kuma tana da ƙarfi sosai fiye da na maza masu girma. Bakin bakin maniyyi yana nan a cikin hutu daga saman kai. Dogo babba da bakin ciki suna zaune tare da manyan hakora, wadanda yawanci sune 20-26 nau'i-nau'i, kuma kowane hakori tare da rufe bakin yana shiga wata daraja ta fari. Ba a bambanta hakoran maniyyi ba, dukkan su suna da kamannin conical, suna da nauyin 1 kg kowannensu kuma ba su da enamel. A saman muƙamuƙi akwai hakora haɗe 1-3, kuma sau da yawa ba komai ba, ko kuma basu fito daga gumis ba. Mata koyaushe suna da ƙanƙan hakora fiye da maza. Jawunƙasoshin ƙasa na iya buɗe madaidaicin digiri 90. Hannun bakin yana da laushi mai zurfi na epithelium, wanda ke hana zamewa daga ganima. Idanun maniyyi ya yi nesa da hancin, kusa da kusurwar bakin, spiracle an karkatar da shi zuwa kusurwar hagu na gaban kai kuma yana da sifar haruffan Latin na S - an ƙirƙira shi ne kawai ta ƙofar hanci na bakin Whale. Sperm Whale idanu sunada girma ga cetaceans - diamita na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwal yana da yawa 15 cm, a baya kuma ɗan ƙaramin ƙasan idanun ƙanana ne, kusan 1 cm tsayi, ramuwar kunne mai sikila. A bayan kai, jikin maniyyin Whale yana fadada kuma ya zama kauri a tsakiya, kusan zagaye a sashin giciye, sannan kuma ya sake karawa a hankali sai ya shiga cikin caudal kara, yana karewa a cikin babban farin caudal har zuwa m 5 m, tare da kyakkyawar daraja mai nau'in V-dimbin yawa. A bayan maniyyi mai whale akwai fin wanda yake kama da karamin hump, wanda galibi ɗaya ko biyu ke biye dashi (ba kasafai ake samu ba) humps karami, a bayan ƙyallen akwai laushin fata mai ƙyalli, a ƙasan caudal kara akwai siriri mai tsayi a tsaye. Erarfin fata na maniyyi, gajeru ne, faɗe, daɗaɗaɗɗa, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin 1.8 m, faɗin su yakai santimita 91. Fitsarin fata na maniyyi ya lalace, ya ɗaure da kauri sosai, wani irin kitse yana kwance a ƙarƙashinsa, yana kai 50 cm a cikin manyan ɗigunan maniyyi kuma yana haɓaka musamman ciki.

Siffofin gabobin ciki

Babban gabobin ciki na wannan Whale suna da ban mamaki. Lokacin yankan mita 16 maniyyi Whale An samo bayanan mai zuwa: zuciyarsa ta auna kilogiram 160, huhu - 376 kg, kodan - 400 kilogiram, hanta - kimanin ton 1, kwakwalwa - 6.5 kg, tsawon duk narkewar abinci ya yi daidai da 256 m tare da nauyin nauyin 800 kilogram. Kwakwalwar maniyyi mafi girma a cikin duk dabba dabba, tana iya isa nauyin kilogram 7.8. Girman zuciya na matsakaicin maniyyi Whale mita ne a tsayi da faɗi. Zuciya tana da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na ƙwayar tsoka, wanda yake wajibi don yin ɗimbin jini mai yawa. Cutar hanjin maniyyi, shi ne mafi dadewa a cikin duniyar dabba, tsayinsa ya kai 15-16 sau fiye da jiki. Wannan shine ɗayan asirin da ke tattare da wannan khalifan kifi, tunda cikin dabbobi masu tsinkaye hanji ba su dade sosai. Namijin Whale ciki, kamar dukkan nau'in kifayen Wotles, daki ne da yawa.

Sakon maniyyi na maniyyi (kamar dukkan ƙwayayen kifi Whales) an kafa shi ta hanyar hancin hagu guda huɗu, na hannun dama yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fata, a ƙarshen sa akwai faffadar jakar da ke kama da hancin. A ciki, bawul din yana rufe ƙofar zuwa hanci na dama. A cikin fadada ƙwayar jijiyar hanci na dama, maniyyi Whale ya sami wadataccen iska, wanda yake amfani da shi lokacin da yake ruwa. Lokacin da ake yin numfasawa, maniyyi mai ƙwanƙwasa yana ba da maɓuɓɓugar da aka ambata a gaba har zuwa sama a wani kusurwa kusan digiri 45. Siffar maɓallin ta halayyar sifa ce sosai kuma ba ta barin damar rikita shi da maɓallin sauran kifayen whales, wanda maɓallin ke tsaye. Mabudin maniyyi mai tasowa yana yin numfashi sau da yawa, maɓuɓɓugar suna bayyana kowane 5-6 seconds (maniyyi Whale, kasancewa a farfaɗo a tsakanin tazara tsakanin raƙuman ruwa na kusan minti 10, yana ɗaukar har zuwa 60 numfashi) A wannan lokacin, kifi Whale yana kwance kusan wuri guda, kawai yana ci gaba kadan, kuma, kasancewa a cikin matsayi a kwance, rhythmically ya shiga cikin ruwa, yana sakin maɓalli.

Jakar maniyyi (in ba haka ba ana kiranta da maniyyi ko kitse mai) wata sifa ce ta daban da aka samu a cikin nau'in werles (kuma ana samun ta a dwarf maniyyi whales, amma ba a iya haɓaka ta kamar yadda maniyyi keɓaɓɓen whale). An sanya shi a cikin kai a kan wani gado wanda ƙasusuwa na kashin sama da kwanyar suka kafa, kuma yana da kusan nauyin 90% na nauyin whale. Ba'a fahimci ayyukan ayyukan spermaceti sacer ba, amma ɗayan mafi mahimmanci shine bayar da kwatance ga raƙuman sauti yayin tashin su. Sashin maniyyin yana taimakawa sosai don samar da matakin da ake buƙata na babban ɗakin whale yayin ruwa kuma, wataƙila, yana taimakawa wajen sanyaya jikin whale.

Habitat da Hijira

Maniyyi saha Tana da ɗayan manyan wuraren zama a duk duniyar dabbobi. An bazu ko'ina cikin teku, in banda arewa maso gabas da kuma yankuna masu sanyi sanyi - kewayonsa ya fi yawa tsakanin digiri 60 arewa da latin kudu. A lokaci guda, kifayen karnuka suna nesa da bakin tekun, a wuraren da zurfinsu ya zarce mita 200. Ana samun maza a kewayon mafi girma fiye da mace, kuma mazan manya ne kawai ke bayyana a kullun. Duk da cewa kewayon maniyyi mai dumbin yawa ne, waɗannan kifayen sun fi son zama a wasu wuraren da aka kafa daskararru, waɗanda ake kira garken, waɗanda ke da nasu sifofin. Label na Whales ya sanya ya yiwu a tabbatar da cewa, zubin maniyyi ba ya yin jigilar dogon lokaci daga wannan hemisphere zuwa wani. Nursing maniyyi Whales yi iyo a hankali idan aka kwatanta da baleen Whales. Ko da tare da ƙaura, saurin su bai wuce 10 km / h ba (matsakaicin saurin kilomita 37 / h). Mafi yawan lokaci, maniyyi khalifa yana ciyar da shi, yayi ruwa daya bayan daya, kuma bayan doguwar zama karkashin ruwa, ya kan zauna tsawon lokaci a saman. M maniyyi Whales wutsiya gaba daya daga cikin ruwa, fadowa da kururuwa fantsama, da ƙarfi murfin wutsiya lobes a kan ruwa. Mace maniyyi a kowace rana ya kan huta tsawon sa'o'i a rana, amma ba sa barci sosai, suna rataye abubuwa marasa ƙarfi a farfaɗo a yanayin da kusan keɓancewa ne. A lokaci guda, ya zama cewa a cikin barci maniyyi Whales, duka hemispheres na kwakwalwa dakatar da aiki lokaci guda (kuma ba madadin, kamar yadda a cikin sauran sauran cetaceans).

Maniyyi babban ruwa mai ruwa

Ana neman ganima maniyyi Whale yana yin zurfin ruwa a tsakanin dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa, zuwa zurfin sama da 2, kuma bisa ga wasu rahotanni har ma da nisan mil 3 (zurfi fiye da duk wani iska mai numfashi dabba). Tracking of Whales tag ya nuna cewa maniyyi daya, alal misali, ya rayu sau 74 cikin awanni 62, yayin da alamarin yake a jikinsa. Kowace ruwa na wannan maniyyin Whale ya ɗauki minti 30-45, kifi Whale ya nutse zuwa zurfin 400 zuwa 1200. Jikin Whale ya dace da irin waɗannan raƙuman ruwa saboda yawan sifofin jikin mutum. Ruwa mai nauyi na ruwa a zurfi baya cutar da whale, tunda jikinsa ya ƙunshi kitsen mai da sauran magudanan ruwa waɗanda ba za su iya tilastawa ba. Haske a Whales dangane da girman jikin mutum rabi ne na dabbobin ƙasa, saboda haka, ƙwayar nitrogen da ba ta tarawa a jikin ƙwayar maniyyin, wanda ke faruwa tare da sauran halittu masu rai lokacin da ruwa zuwa zurfin zurfafa. Cutar Caisson, wacce ke faruwa lokacin da kumfa ke shiga jini lokacin da ta fito, ba ta taɓa faruwa a cikin ƙwaryawar ƙwayar maniyyi ba, kamar yadda ƙwayar maniyyi mai ɗauke da ƙwaƙwalwa yana da ƙarfin haɓaka don narke nitrogen, yana hana wannan gas samar da kumburin ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da dadewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, maniyyi Whale yana cinye wannan ƙarin wadatar iska, wanda aka adana shi a cikin jakar iska wanda aka kafa ta hanyar hanci dama makafi. Amma Bugu da kari, babban adadin oxygen a cikin maniyyi Whale an adana shi a cikin tsokoki, a cikin abin da maniyyi Whale ke da 8 - 9 sau mafi myoglobin fiye da na dabbobin ƙasa. A cikin tsokoki, kifi Whale yana adana 41% na oxygen, yayin da yake cikin huhu, kawai 9%. Kari akan haka, yanayin karfin maniyyi yayin babban ruwa yana raguwa sosai, bugunsa ya ragu zuwa bugun 10 a minti daya. An sake rarraba jini na jini - yana daina gudana cikin tasoshin sassan sassan jiki (ƙeƙasasshen fata, fata, wutsiya) kuma yana ciyar da kwakwalwa da zuciya, tsokoki suna fara ɓoye ɓoyayyun ajiyar oxygen a cikin tsarin jijiya, kuma yawan iskar oxygen da aka tara a cikin ƙasan mai kuma ana cinyewa. Bugu da kari, adadin jinin da ke cikin maniyyi ya fi girma fiye da na dabbobin ƙasa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da maniyyi Whale damar riƙe numfashinsa na dogon lokaci, har zuwa awa daya da rabi.

Alamar sauti

Maniyyi saha na aiki (kamar sauran kifayen kifi) yana amfani da mahara da haɓaka ultrasonic don gano ganima da jan ragamar. Latterarshe yana da mahimmanci a gare shi, tunda wannan Whale yakan mutu zuwa zurfin inda haske ba ya nan. Akwai shawarwari da cewa maniyyi whale yayi amfani da echolocation ba wai kawai don bincika ganima da jan hankali ba, har ma a matsayin makami. Wataƙila tsananin tsananin siginar ultrasonic da iska ke fitarwa ta kifi Whale yana sa manyan manya manya manyan maganganu waɗanda ke rikicewa da rushe daidaiton motsin su, wanda ke sa a kama su cikin sauki. Kankana Whale da ke rayuwa kusan kullun yana fitar da gajerun bayanai na mitar ultrasonic, wanda, a fili, ana tura shi gaba tare da taimakon jakar maniyyi, wanda yake taka rawar ruwan tabarau, da kuma tarko da mai ba da alama na alamun. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa maniyyi whales a cikin rukuni daban-daban suna amfani da alamun sauti daban-daban, wanda yasa aka sami damar yin magana game da wanzuwar “yaruka” a cikin “harshe” na maniyyi whales.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Maniyyi saha, kamar duk matattaran kifi, babban maƙiyi ne. Tushen abincinsa shine cephalopods da kifi, tare da tsohon da ya fi rinjaye, yana yin kusan kashi 95% ta nauyin abinci na maniyyi (kifi - ƙasa da 5%). Daga cikin dufflopods, squid suna da mahimmanci a farko, octopuses ba su wuce 4% na abincin da aka ci. A lokaci guda, nau'in squid 7 kawai, har zuwa kashi 80% na abincin ciyawa, kusan suna da darajar abinci kawai ga ƙwarya, amma nau'ikan 3 kacal suna da kashi 60% na wannan adadin. Ofaya daga cikin manyan kayan abinci shine squid talakawa (Loligo vulgaris), wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin abincin maniyyi yana mamaye manyan gilasai, girmansa wanda ya kai 10, wani lokacin kuma kusan 17. Duk kusan samar da maniyyi Whale baya tashi zuwa zurfin ƙasa da 500 m, kuma wasu cephalopods da nau'in kifaye suna rayuwa a zurfin 1000 m da ƙasa. Don haka, maniyyi mai kama da maniyyi ya kama ganima a ƙalla aƙalla kusan 300-400 m, inda ba shi da kusanci gasa. Wani babban maniyyi mai tsananin ƙwaya yana buƙatar cin kimanin ton na cephalopods don abinci mai dacewa.

Maganin maniyyi yana aika da abin farashi a cikin bakinsa, yana tsotse shi da taimakon piston-kamar motsi na harshe. Ba ya tauna shi, amma yana haɗiye shi gaba ɗaya, zai iya tsage babba cikin sassa da yawa. Squananan squids sun shiga cikin maniyyi Whale na ciki gaba daya, saboda haka sun dace har da tarin kayan zoological. Manyan squids da dorinar ruwa na wanzuwa a cikin ciki na ɗan wani lokaci - ana samun cakulan da ruwan zukan su a saman whale na ciki.

Halin zamantakewa

Maniyyi Whales - garken dabbobi, manya-manya maza ne kaɗai ke samu kaɗai. Lokacin ciyarwa, za su iya yin aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu kyau na mutane 10-15, tare ɗaukacin abin da ke tara cikin rukuni mai yawa da kuma nuna babban hulɗa. Ana iya gudanar da irin wannan farauta na zurfin har zuwa 1,500 m. A cikin wuraren mazaunin rani, maniyyi na maza, dangane da shekaru da girman sa, yawanci suna yin rukuni-rukuni na wani abun da ke ciki, wanda ake kira garken dabbobi, a kowane ɗayan girman dabbobin ya kusan iri ɗaya. Maballin maniyyi suna yawan auren mata fiye da daya, kuma a lokacin kiwo, maza suna haihuwar zomaye - ana sanya mata guda biyu kusa da namiji. Haihuwar cikin maniyyi Whales na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma a arewacin hemisphere, yawancin mata suna haihuwar Yuli-Satumba. Bayan haihuwar, lokacin farawa na farawa. Yayin balaga, maza suna matukar yin taurin kai. Kifayen da ba sa shiga cikin kiwo su keɓe su kadai a wannan lokacin, kuma maza da ke samar da mahaifa suna yin faɗa, sukan buge kawunan su kuma suna haifar da munanan raunuka ga juna da haƙoransu, galibi suna lalata har ma da fasa muƙamuƙin.

Kiwo

Haihuwa tana lokaci at maniyyi Whale daga watanni 15 zuwa 18, wani lokaci kuma ƙari. An haifi jariri shi kaɗai, tsawon 3-4 m kuma yana awo kimanin tan. Nan da nan yana da ikon bin kusa da mahaifiyarsa, kasancewar yana kusa da ita, kamar sauran cetaceans (wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da sauƙin sau ɗaya ga sauƙin yin iyo a cikin ruwan da yake gudana a jikin mahaifiyar, inda yake fuskantar ƙarancin juriya). Ba a kafa tsawon lokacin ciyar da madara daidai ba. A cewar kafofin daban-daban, yana daga 5-6 zuwa 12-13 watanni, kuma bisa ga wasu kafofin har zuwa shekaru biyu, haka ma, yana dan shekara daya, maniyyi mai warin jiki na iya kaiwa zuwa m 6 a tsayi, kuma a shekaru uku - 8 m. lokaci guda dauke da har zuwa lita 45 na madara. Maza suna yin balaga lokacin da suke shekaru 7-13, yayin da mace suka fara haihuwar tun yana shekaru 5-6. Mata suna haihuwa sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara. Mata, wadanda shekarunsu suka wuce shekaru 40, kusan ba sa shiga cikin kiwo.

Mace maniyyi da mutum

A yanayi a maniyyi Whale kusan babu abokan gaba, kawai kisa kifaye a wasu lokutan kan iya kaiwa hari ga mata da dabbobi. Amma mutum ya dade yana fara neman whale maniyyi - a da can wannan kifi Whale shine mafi mahimmancin kashin whaling. Babban samfuransa sun kasance ruwan ƙwaro, maniyyi da ambergris. Farauta don ƙwanƙwasa Whale yana da alaƙa da sananniyar haɗari, saboda rauni, waɗannan kifi Whales sun fi ƙarfin tashin hankali. Spabilar da maniyyi ya yi fushi sun kashe kifayen da yawa har ma sun killace karnukan whalers da yawa. A lokacin masana'antar maniyyi Whale masana'antu, an yi amfani da blubber a matsayin mai sa maye, musamman ma na farkon tururi, gami da hasken wuta. (A nan gaba, yaduwar kayan mai da raguwar buƙatu na ƙwanƙwasa whale blubber ya zama ɗayan dalilai na raguwar jiragen ruwan kifaye. Spermaceti - kakin zuma daga gashin maniyyi, mai, mai, mai kama da ruwa mai kama da abu, dake dauke da maniyyi na maniyyin “maniyyi”. A cikin iska, maniyyi ya fashe da sauri, yana samar da laushi mai laushi mai launin shuɗi. A zamanin da, ana amfani da shi wajen sanya man shafawa, leɓun lemo, da sauransu, sau da yawa ana yin kyandir.Har zuwa shekarun 1970, aka yi amfani da maniyyi a matsayin mai shafawa don kayan aiki na yau da kullun, a cikin turare, har ma da dalilai na likita, musamman don maganin maganin shafawa. Ambergris wani abu ne mai kauri, mai kama da launi mai launin toka, wanda aka kirkira a tsarin narkewar kashin maniyyi, wanda ke da tsari mai rikitarwa. Ambergris tun daga zamanin da har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20 ana amfani da shi azaman turaren wuta kuma a matsayin mafi ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa a ƙanshin turare. A yanzu an kusan tabbatar da cewa ambergris yana ɓoye a sakamakon ƙonewar mucosal wanda ya haifar da ƙoshin ƙwarin gwiwar squid wanda ƙwaƙwalwar Whale ya haɗu, a kowane hali, a cikin sassan ambergris koyaushe zaka iya samun bephalopod beaks masu yawa. Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya sun kasa tabbatarwa ko ambergris shine asalin rayuwa ta yau da kullun ko kuma sakamakon cutar, amma abin lura shi ne ana samun ambergris a cikin hanjin maza kawai.

Saboda abin farauta, wanda ya tsaya kawai a shekarun 1980, an rage adadin maniyyi mai kisa. Yanzu yana sannu a hankali yana murmurewa, kodayake hakan yana hana wasu dalilai rashin matsala (rashin ruwa na tekun, kamun kifi, da sauransu).

Habitat

Whales maniyyi suna da mafi yawan mazauninsu. An samo su a cikin ɗayan yankuna na arewaci da na kudu. Iyakar wuraren da ba su ba sune yankuna na arewa da kudanci.

A adadi mai yawa, ana samo su a inda akwai abinci. Har ila yau suna da wuraren nishaɗar da suka fi so da wuraren farauta, inda waɗannan kifayen suke samar da garkunan dabbobi masu ɗarurruwa, adadi ɗari da dama, wasu lokuta kuma mutane dubu.

Maballin maniyyi a shekara yana yin ƙaura daga lokaci mai nisa. A zahiri basu wuce daga wannan hemisphere zuwa wani ba. Wadannan Kattai sun gwammace su zauna inda zurfin ya zarce mita 200, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa da ƙyar suka kusanci gaɓar teku.

Mazaunin maniyyi Whale

Siffofin da maniyyi Whale

Whales maniyyi yana da asali na musamman wanda ba a samu a cikin kowace dabba ba - jakar maniyyi ko ƙoda mai. Tana a cikin shugaban maniyyi Whale kuma ta fi yawancin sa.

Theaukar nauyin maniyyi (mai mai kamar ruwa mai tsabta) na iya kaiwa tan 11. A cikin duniya, ana karɓar shi da kyau don kayan aikin warkarwa na musamman. To amma me yasa maniyyi ya mutu wannan na'urar? Dangane da fasali daya, yana buƙatar jakar maniyyi don yin mahalli, a cewar wani - nau'in mafitsara ne na iyo kuma yana taimaka whale lokacin da ruwa da ɗagawa daga zurfin. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon hawan jini da ke gudana zuwa kai, a sakamakon wanda zafin wannan jakar ya karu kuma maniyyin ya narke. Ensaukanta yana raguwa, kuma kifi Whale na iya kwantar da hankali ga nutsuwa. Lokacin yin ruwa, komai na faruwa daidai akasin haka.

Rayuwa

Nama maniyyi ya haɗu a cikin garken da yawa. Kuma idan kun sami damar haɗuwa da babban ruwan maniyyi, to, zai zama tsohon saurayi. Akwai wasu tsarkakakkun garken dabbobi, wadanda suka kumshi maza kawai.

Sperm Whales jinkirin dabbobi ne, saurin yin iyo ba ya wuce 10 km / h, amma a yayin farautar ana iya cewa su “zo rai” kuma suna iya kaiwa gudu zuwa 40 kilomita / h.

Saboda mafi yawan rayuwar su, maniyyi Whales suna cikin neman abinci, don haka dole ne suyi narkar da ruwa akai-akai zuwa inda abincin da suka fi so, kosai, suke rayuwa. Zurfin irin wannan nutsewar zai iya kasancewa daga mita 400 zuwa 1200. Wannan yana ɗaukar maniyyi daga mintuna 30 zuwa 45. Saboda haka, kafin kowace shigarwa mai zurfi, kifi Whales yana yin isasshen lokaci a farfajiya don numfasawa da tara sama da oxygen, wanda aka tara ba wai kawai a cikin huhu ba, har ma a cikin tsokoki.

Idan aka nutse, sai bugunsa ya ragu zuwa bugun 10 a minti daya, sai jini ya fara juyawa, da farko ga kwakwalwa da zuciya. Oxygen yana zuwa ga ƙashin kansa, fata da wutsiya saboda gaskiyar cewa tsokoki suna fara ɓoye ɓoyayyen ajiyar oxygen a cikin tsarin jini.

Hare

Mace maniyyi Whale marine dabba shine mafi girma babban kifi Whale. Tsawon jikin mutum na dattijo yakai kimanin 20 m, nauyi shine tan 50, mace tayi kadan - 15 m da tan 20. Saboda girman wannan girman, magabtan muhalli na Wahle Whale ne kawai masu kisa da ke kaiwa kananan dabbobi hari. Amma tun zamanin da, maniyyi Whale ya zama abun kamun kifi ga ɗan adam, an sami maniyyi da ambergris daga gare ta. A saboda wannan dalili, yawan ya fara raguwa cikin hanzari kuma kawai bayan dakatar da farauta dabbobi zai yiwu a mayar da shi kaɗan.

Bayanin maniyyi mai ƙwanƙwasa

Sperm Whale wata babbar kifi ce da ke girma cikin rayuwarta. Tsawon jikin namiji shine 18-20 m, nauyi yakai tan 40-50. Mace yawanci rabin girman ne, m 15 m tsawo da kuma nauyin tan 15.

Maballin maniyyi yana da alaƙa da babba da girma babba na siffar murabba'i. Ya ƙunshi jakar maniyyi, wacce tanada tan 6-11. A ƙananan muƙamuƙi nau'i-nau'i ne 20-26 na manyan hakora, kowannensu yana da adadin kusan 1 kg. A saman muƙamuƙi, hakora sukan ɓace. Idanun suna da girma.

Bayan shugaban, maniyyin whale ya shimfiɗa kuma ya zama kusan zagaye tare da sauyawa mai sauƙi a cikin fin fin farin. A bayansa akwai cinya ɗaya, mai kama da ƙaramin hump. Fashin ɗigon na gajere da gajeru.

Fatar fata ta maniyyi an rufe shi da wrinkles da folds, lokacin farin ciki, tare da wani tsiro mai tsayayyen kitse (har zuwa 50 cm). Yawancin lokaci ana fentin launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi, lokaci-lokaci a launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa ko kusan baki. Baya baya duhu fiye da ciki.

Whales sperm sun sami damar yin nau'ikan sauti iri uku - nishi, nishadantarwa da neman aiki. Muryar wannan dabbobi mai shayarwa ɗaya daga cikin saurin magana a cikin dabbobin daji.

Yana fasallan abincin maniyyi

Dangane da hanyar ciyarwa, maniyyi babban khalli mai cin abincin ne kuma yana ciyar da kan ceflopods, har ma da kifi. Daga cikin dufflopods, kifi Whale ya fi son nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, a cikin ƙarancin cin abincin octopuses.

Maballin maniyyi yana kama abincinsa a zurfin 300-400 m, yayin kowace rana yana buƙatar kimanin tan na ganyen tsirrai. Dabbar tana tsotse jiki da taimakon harshe gabaɗaya, ba tare da taunawa ba, kawai tana karya ta zuwa manyan guda.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa manyan giramn gizai suna zama ganima ga ƙwarya, kamar manyan squids tare da tsawon jikinsa sama da 10 m da manya manya.

Maniyyi sahali yadawo

Gabar mazaunin maniyyi yana daya daga cikin manyan dabbobi a duniya. Tana zaune a cikin fadadawar gabaɗayan tekun, ban da yawancin yankuna mafi sanyi na arewaci da kuma kudu, kuma sun fi son dumin ruwa, ruwan zafi. Kifayen Whales suna zaune nesa da bakin tekun, a zurfin fiye da 200 m, inda ake samun manyan kabarin da yawa - tushen abincinsu. An bayyana ƙaura ta yanayi, musamman a cikin maza.

Nau'in Sperm Whale Na Zamani

Ga maniyyi Whale, a matsayin kawai nau'in, ana rarrabe abubuwa biyu da mazauninsu: arewacin maniyyi Whale (Physeter catodon catodon) da kuma kudanci maniyyi (Physeter catodon australis). Yankin maniyyi na Arewa yayi ɗan ƙaramin ƙasa fiye da na kudu.

Namiji da mace maniyyi Whale: manyan bambance-bambance

Abubuwan nuna bambancin jima'i a cikin maniyyi yana bayyana a fili cewa mace tana da rabin adadin maza. Ganin girman babbar mace mai shayarwa, wannan bambanci yana da ban sha'awa: matsakaicin matsakaicin girman jiki ga maza shine 20 m, ga mata - 15 m, matsakaicin nauyi - tan 50 da 15, bi da bi.

Hanya maniyyi mai warin fata

Sperm Whale dabba ce ta garken dabbobi. Maza da yawa maza ne kawai ke rayuwa guda a lokaci guda. Gabaɗaya, suna da alaƙa ga ƙirƙirar rukunoni na dabbobin masu kama da juna, waɗanda sun dace da farauta tare.

Yayin haɓakar abinci, maniyyi mai kama da maniyyi yana iyo a hankali: har zuwa 10 km / h, matsakaicin saurinsa shine 37 km / h. Kusan duk lokacin da maniyyi Whale ke neman abinci, yakan yi ruwa mai yawa, bayan haka ya huta a saman ruwa. Wan yuwan maniyyi mai ban sha'awa zai iya fita daga ruwan gaba ɗaya yana kururuwa, yana buga ruwan da wutsiyar sa. Spwaƙar Whale na iya tsayawa ta tsaye cikin ruwa, tare da kai waje. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i a rana, maniyyi ya huta - yana barci, yana motsawa ba tare da motsawa ba kusa da ruwa.

Matsakaicin rayuwar da maniyyi Whales ba a kafa shi yake ba kuma, bisa ga kafofin da yawa, yaduwa daga shekaru 40 zuwa 80.

Abokan gaba na makiya maniyyi

Cubs da mata na maniyyi Whale suna kai hari ta hanyar kisa whales, wanda zai iya tsage su ko haifar da mummunan raunuka. Amma kuma ga maniyyi mai iko na maniyyi, to, wannan babban ruwan, babu wani daga cikin mazaunan tekun da zai iya yin nasara.

Naturalimar mace-mace na ƙwaƙwalwar maniyyi yana da alaƙa da infarction na zuciya, atherosclerosis, kumburi ciki, helminthic mamayewa, ƙashin jini. Crustaceans da mai kamun kifi, waɗanda suke rayuwa a jiki da hakora, basa haifar da cutar maniyyi.

Babban barazana ga maniyyi shine mutum. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, cin amana ya shahara sosai - a cikin 50-60s, kusan dabbobi 30,000 ake kashewa kowace shekara. Wannan ya haifar da raguwa sosai a yawan yawan maniyyi, bayan haka an karɓi dabbobin a ƙarƙashin kariyar da aka ba su izinin adadi kaɗan.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da maniyyi Whale:

An bayyana sanannen shakar whaling a duniya ta hanyar cewa maniyyi whales ya kasance tushen mahimmancin samfuran masu zuwa:

• Man shafawa da ruwan kwalliya da aka taurare daga gareta, wadanda aka yi amfani da su kamar lubricants, alal misali, a farko tururuwa masu saukar ungulu, haka kuma don walƙiya. Sai bayan gagarumar rarraba kayan mai da ke buƙatar blubber ya ragu. Amma a cikin karni na 20, an fara amfani da blubber a matsayin mai amfani da mai don fitar da kayan kida daidai da kuma samar da sunadarai na gida da masana'antu. An samo tan 12,7 na ruwan blubber daga maniyyi ɗaya.
• Spermaceti abu ne mai kitse daga shugaban maniyyi, ruwa mai canzawa zuwa laushi mai laushi mai sanyi. An yi amfani da Spermaceti wajen kera maganin shafawa, leɓun lemo, kyandir, a matsayin mai shafawa, a turare. Yana da maniyyi tare da bayyanar raunukan warkarwa mai rauni.
• Ambergris shine abu mai launin toka, mai kama da kakin zuma. An yi amfani dashi kamar turare da ƙanshin turare. Kuna iya samunsa ta musamman a cikin hanji na maniyyin namiji. Kuma ba tare da ansha shi ba, da wuya a same shi, a wanke shi daga zurfin teku.
• Hakora abu ne mai mahimmanci, mai tsada na kayan ado, tare da haɓakar mammoth da ƙyallen walrus. Ana amfani dashi don kera samfuran ƙasusuwa, kayan adon da kayan adon kyau.
• Kadai nama ne kawai saboda tsananin warin da mutane ba sa amfani da shi a abinci. Ya kasance ƙasa tare da ƙasusuwa a cikin nama da ci kashi, ana amfani dashi azaman karnuka da sauran dabbobi.
• A cikin karni na 20, an fara shirye-shiryen hormonal don amfani da likita daga gabobin ciki na ciki na fata maniyyi (pancreas, pituitary gland shine yake).