Wani bakon sunan ɗan tsuntsaye mai ban tsoro da ke haifar da wasu tambayoyi. Me yasa ake kiran mikiya da mai ci? Shin da gaske ya ci birrai ne? Bari mu tsara shi!
Unguwar birai tana zaune ne kawai a cikin gandunan Tsibiri na Philippine. Wannan shi ne ɗayan tsuntsaye mafi girma da iko. Yana da girman girman mikiya ta zinariya, nauyin mikiya yakai kilo 8, kuma fikafikan sa zai iya kaiwa mituna biyu.
Fitowar wannan tsuntsu tana da haske kuma abin tunawa - ƙarama, kunkuntar mai tsage, baki mai launin shuɗi, shuɗi mai launin ruwan kasa a saman da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi, kuma crest yana ƙawata kan mikiya, yana jujjuyawa zuwa kyakkyawan fuka-fukan gashin fuka-fukai.
Duk da girmanta mai ban sha'awa, gaggafa ce ta farkon ana iya ganin sa sannan aka bayyana ta a shekarar 1896. Godiya ga wannan shine masanin kimiyya J. Whitehead, wanda a wancan lokacin yana cikin Filifin kuma ya sami sha'awar babban tsuntsu mai ban tsoro.
Ba a san kadan game da ita ba, don haka ta sami sunan "dabbar dako" saboda gaskiyar cewa, a cewar mazauna yankin, ta ci abinci ne kawai. Kuma sun fara kiran hargo wannan gaggafa saboda kamannin waje ga wadannan halittu.
Yayin da birgewa yayi, birai sunyi nisa da guda daya kuma basu ma mafi yawan abincin manyan gaggafa. Inda mafi yawan lokuta sukan kama kuma suna ci squir, bera, squirrels, macizai da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma kananan tsuntsaye.
Amma ainihin sunayen sunaye, abin takaici, shine ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa an fara kawar da waɗannan tsuntsayen. Gwamnatin Philippine, ba shakka, ta fara daukar mataki. Yanzu haka gaggafar an sanya ta a matsayin alama ta kasar, an hana ta fitar da tsuntsaye masu rai ko wasu kayayyaki daga gare su a wajen kasar Filifin, kuma an canza sunan nau'ikan halittar zuwa "gaggafa a Philippine."
Wannan ya kawo wasu sakamako. A halin yanzu, kusan mutane 400 na wannan nau'in, amma yawan su yana haɓaka. Gaskiya ne, yana da wuya a lissafta su daidai, saboda hanyar sirrin rayuwar tsuntsaye.
Fuskar Philippine tsuntsu ne mai aminci, suna ƙirƙirar ma'aurata don rayuwa. Wasannin da suka dace na wasan yara suna jan hankalin mai kallo - namiji yana sanya kwalliya mai ban sha'awa a cikin iska a gaban wanda ya zaɓa.
Akwai kwai ɗaya ɗaya kacal a cikin huɗun gaggafa, daga abin da ƙyanƙyashe kaza take. Kuma, kodayake bayan watanni 10 tsuntsu ya riga ya tashi da kansa kuma ya sami nasarar farauta, galibi suna ci gaba da zama tare da iyayensu na wani lokaci.
Yanayin iska da gandun daji shine mahimmin mahimmanci don rayuwar wannan nau'in halittu masu ban mamaki. Bayan haka, har ma don nasarar kiwo guda ɗaya, biyu daga gaggafa suna buƙatar aƙalla murabba'in mita 25. km na gandun daji. Saboda haka, suna cutar da ɓataccen tsire-tsire a Philippines.
Tabbas, duka gwamnati da masana muhalli suna ɗaukar mataki don kare gaggafa Philippine da sauran nau'ikan daga lalata. Amma mutum yana buƙatar sake nazarin ayyukansa don kada ya rasa damar ganin wannan babban tsuntsu a duniyarmu.
Za ku taimaka mana da yawa, idan ka raba labarin a shafukan sada zumunta kuma ka so shi. Na gode da hakan.
Biyan kuɗi zuwa tasharmu.
Karanta karin labarai akan Gidan Bird.
Alamun waje na gaggafa na Philippine
Fuskar Philippine babban tsuntsu ce mai girman gaske wanda yake auna sikelin 86-102 cm da girma tare da babban baki da kuma gashinsa masu santsi a bayan kai, wanda yayi kama da murfin shaggy.
Eagungiyar Fina Finai (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
Fushin fuska mai duhu ne, mai ɗan maƙogwaro a bangon kai da kambi tare da kyawawan ganye masu ganye. Jiki na sama yana launin ruwan kasa duhu a launi tare da firam ɗin hasken wuta. Kasa da kuma karkashin ruwa fararen fata ne. Iris ne mai launin toka launin toka. Beak high kuma vayed, duhu launin toka. Kafafu suna launin rawaya da manyan maƙallan duhu.
Maza da mata sunyi kama da juna.
Kyankyasai an lullube su da farin ƙasa. Thewararrun gaggafa na 'yan Filipinci sun yi kama da ɗimbin tsuntsayen manya, amma gashin tsuntsaye a saman jikin suna da fararen fata. An bambanta gaggafa da ke tashi a Philippine da farin mama, dogayen wutsiya da fikafikan da ke zagaye.
Philippine Eagle yadawo
Fuskar Philippine tana da mutunci ga Philippines. Wannan nau'in ya haɗu zuwa Gabas Luzon, Samara, Leyte da Mindanao. Mindanao yana zaune tare da mafi yawan tsuntsaye, adadin da aka kiyasta suna 82-233 nau'i-nau'i. Guda shida a kan Samara kuma akwai yiwu biyu akan Leyte, kuma aƙalla biyu a Luzon.
An bambanta gaggafa da ke tashi a Philippine da farin mama, dogayen wutsiya da fikafikan da ke zagaye.
12.01.2017
Philippine gaggafa (lat.Pithecophaga jefferyi) nasa ne a gidan Hawks (Accipitridae) daga tsari Falconiformes. Wannan tsuntsu da ba kasafai ake ganin babbar gaggafa ba ce a duniya. A Philippines, a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1995, an ayyana shi alama ce ta ƙasa. Hotonsa yana kan tambura 12 na Philippine da tsabar kudi da aka bayar tsakanin 1981 da 1994. Don kisan irin wannan tsuntsu yana fuskantar babbar tara ko ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekaru 12.
Bafaransar masaniyar Ingila John Whitehead ya fara gano gaggafa a Philippine a 1896. Ya ba shi sunan mahaifinsa Jeffery Pithecophaga jefferyi. Kalma ta farko a cikin sunan Latin a cikin harshen Rashanci yana nufin "biri-ci".
Yaɗa
Gidajen biri-masu cin abinci ya haɗu zuwa manyan tsibirai huɗu: Samariya, Luzon, Mindanao da Leyte. An samo su a wani yanki na murabba'in kilomita dubu 140. A cewar kimomi daban-daban, an kiyasta jimlar yawan tsuntsaye 200-600.
Mafi yawancin nau'i-nau'i daga gida akan Mindanao. Don fara'a, suna zaɓar wurare tare da yanayin yanayi mai laushi da bishiyoyi masu tsayi, galibi daga dangin Dipterocarpaceae, wanda ya kai girman 40-70 m. Hakanan zasu iya tsayawa a cikin gandun daji na biyu a tsawan sama har zuwa 1800 m sama da matakin teku.
Yankin farautar ɗayan biyun ya kai kimanin muraba'in mita 133. km Nisa tsakanin nests tsakanin 9 zuwa 18 km. Yawanci, rabin wurin farauta shine gandun daji, rabi na biyu kuma fili ne. Gida mafi yawanci ana kan iyakar gandun daji.
Abinci mai gina jiki
A farko, ana yiwa kwalliyar Philippine da abincin birai, tunda dabbar da ta farauto tana dauke da kwayayen da ba ta da amfani a ciki. A zahiri, abincin tsuntsaye ya bambanta sosai kuma ya kunshi dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da sauran nau'ikan tsuntsaye. Ragowar abincin da aka samu a zangon gaggawar daga ƙaramin lemun-gram goma zuwa deer na Philippines wanda yake nauyin kilo 14.
Yawan nau'ikan ganima ya bambanta daga tsibiri zuwa tsibiri kuma ya dogara da fauna da ke zaune a kai. A kan Mindanao, tsuntsu mai cin abincin dabbobi yakan ci abinci ne a kan kuzarin itace da lemurs, kuma a kan Luzon, birai, dawakai, beraye, zakoki da macizai. An kuma ga gaggafar Philippine yayin farauta matasa aladu da ƙananan karnuka.
'Ya'yan biri suna farautar nau'i-nau'i. Ofayansu yana zaune ba tare da motsi ba a reshe kusa da mai cutar da ita kuma yana lura da ganima, yana ƙoƙarin ɓatar da hankalinsa ga kansa. A wannan lokacin, wani mafarauci yana gangarowa daga manyan rassa kuma yana kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar.
Idan harin bai yi nasara ba, ana sake maimaita ƙoƙarin. Mikiya daga Mindanao suna amfani da wannan hanyar don kama lemurs na tashi da daddare.
Sau da yawa, nau'in gaggafa suna kai hari kan birai. Macaques da gaggafa suna da nauyin daidai, don haka irin wannan farauta na iya zama haɗari. Maharbi zai yiwu ya fashe kafafu idan ya faɗi daga tsayi mai girma zuwa ƙasa tare da ganima yayin yaƙin.
Kiwo
Mata suna yin balaga lokacin da suke shekara 5. Maza sun isa ga balaga shekaru biyu bayan haka. Lesungiyoyi suna ƙirƙirar ma'aurata don rayuwa, kuma kawai idan mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin abokan ya kasance ɗayan yana neman wanda zai maye gurbinsa.
Lokacin kiwo ya fara a watan Yuli. Farkon yanayin sa yana shafar yanayin yanayi da kuma yawan jama'a. Tsarin farfajiya alama ce ta gina gida. Girman danshi ya kai 1.5 m.
Gida yana kan gungumen nesa da nisan mil 30. Kamar sauran manyan tsuntsayen ganima, masu cinye suna gina shi ta wani babban dandali wanda aka yi da rassa daban-daban. Ma'aurata zasu iya sake amfani da gidan da aka gina a baya don su girma zuriyarsu.
Kwana 10 kafin kwanciya kwan, matar ta fadi cikin yanayi na musamman. Ta daina cin abinci tana shan ruwa da yawa. Bayan wannan lokacin, a yamma, kwai ɗaya ya bayyana a cikin gida. Idan gaggafa suka mutu da wuri, to macen ta sake sanya kwai. Tsarin shiryawa ya kai kwanaki 68.
Dukkanin iyayen suna ƙin zuriya, kodayake mace tana ciyar da ƙarin lokacin wannan aikin. Makonni 7 kenan suna ciyar da mikiya kuma suna kare ta daga ruwan sama da hasken rana.
Matasa mikiya sun fara barin gida tun yana da shekaru 4-5, kuma a farkon farautarsu sukan tafi ne ranar 304 bayan haihuwar. A karkashin kulawar iyaye, kajin na watanni 20 ne.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin gaggafa na Philippine ya kai 100 cm tare da fuka-fukan fuka-fukan wanda ya kai cm 220. Mata sunfi girma fiye da maza kuma suna da kimanin kilo 8. Yawan nauyin maza bai wuce kilo 6 ba.
Dogo mai tsayi da gajerun fikafikan suna taimakawa tsuntsu ya tashi da sauki a rawanin bishiyoyi. Gashin tsuntsu ya girma da girma. Shugaban yana da haske, a bango na kai maɗaurin gashin fuka-fukan. Cikakken ciki yana da haske, kuma baya da fuka-fukai masu duhu ne.
An kafa asusu a Davao, Philippines don kare gaggafa da wuraren zama. A cikin shekaru 10, ya sami nasarar lalata tsuntsayen da ke garkuwa kuma ya riga ya gudanar da gwajin gwaji na farko na mazauna cikin daji. Tsuntsaye 36 suna zaune a cikin asusun, 19 daga cikinsu sun tashi zuwa bauta.
Bayyanar
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 86-102 cm Matsakaicin tsawon maza shine 95 cm, ga mace, a biyun 105 cm .. Jima'i mai ƙarfi yakai 10% ƙasa da rauni. Yawan nauyin tsuntsaye ya bambanta daga kilogram 4.7 zuwa 7. Matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 4.5 na maza da kuma kilogiram 6 ga mata. Wingspan yana da tsawon 185-220 cm - Beak a tsawonsa ya kai cm 7. Wutsiya tana da tsawo. Tsawonta shine 42-45 cm. Sautin muryar babbar murya ce. Harkar Philippine an daidaita ta sosai don yawo a cikin gandun daji, wato, tana da rawar motsa jiki.
A bayan kai akwai kyawawan gashin fuka-fukai masu launin shuɗi waɗanda suke haifar da yanayin shaggy. Ya yi kama da na zaki kuma yana bai wa tsuntsu kwatancen griffin griffin. Plwaya a jikin fuka-fukan da bayansa duhu ne mai duhu, kuma ƙananan jikinsa an rufe su da fararen fuka-fukai. Ana lura da raɗaɗin duhu mara kyau akan wutsiya. Wata gabar jiki mai launin rawaya ce mai duhu. Gefen yana da launin toka-mai haske. Idanu masu launin shuɗi ne.
Halayya da Abinci
Wadannan tsuntsayen ganima sun mamaye gandun daji na Philippine. An shirya mazaunan biyu a nesa da kusan kilomita 13 daga juna. Kuma fannin da'irar madauwari ya kai muraba'in kilomita 133. km Jirgin yana da sauri, yanayin tsufa, yana kama da jirgin ƙyalli. Abincin abincin gaggafa na Philippine ya dogara da mazauni. Haɓaka shine mafi bambancin tare da nauyin 10 g zuwa 14 kg. A magana ta ƙarshe, maharbar Philippines tana da nauyi sosai. Babban abincin su ne birai, tsuntsaye, kurege, jemagu. Hakanan ana cin abincin dabbobi masu rarrafe. Waɗannan macizai ne, masu lura da masu maye. Yawancin Birai mafi yawancin lokuta ana yin ta nau'i-nau'i. Birdaya daga cikin tsuntsu yana zaune akan reshe kusa da garken birai kuma yana nisanta su. Na biyun kuma a wannan lokacin tashi yayi shuru da kwarkwata.
Adana kallo
Wannan nau'in an nuna shi da haɗari. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon lalatuttukan daji da fadada filayen noma. Har ila yau, wajan koyarwa ba da gudummawa ya ba da gudummawa. Wani lokacin mikiya a cikin garin barewa sukan kama ta da gaggafa. Kimanin 50 daga cikin wadannan tsuntsayen suna cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi a cikin Turai, Amurka, Japan. Brean farkon farauta da aka kama tun shekarar 1992. A yau, an haramta farauta ga wakilan nau'ikan jinsin. Kisan wanda aka yiwa kisan gilla yana fuskantar daurin shekaru 12 a gidan kaso tare da biyan tara ta kudi.
Dalilai na Rage Fifikon Uwargida
Rushewar gandun daji da gushewar mazauninsu wanda ke faruwa yayin gandun daji, haɓaka ƙasa don albarkatun gona sune babbar barazanar kasancewar gaggafa a ƙasar Philippine. Kawowar gandun dazuzzuka yana ci gaba da sauri, irin yadda akwai kusan 9,220 km2 kawai don yin farauta. Kari akan haka, galibin wuraren dazuzzukan daji basu da haya. Ci gaban masana'antar hakar ma'adinai na haifar da ƙarin barazanar.
Farauta ba tare da kulawa ba, tarkon tsuntsayen wuraren adon dabbobi, nune-nunen kasuwanci da cinikayya suma suna da matukar hadari ga gaggafa. Matasan da ba su da ilimi, gaggafa sun iya shiga tarko da mafarautan suka kafa. Yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don kula da amfanin gona zai iya haifar da raguwar adadin haihuwa. Ratesarancin kiwo yana shafar adadin tsuntsayen da zasu iya ba da zuriya.
Matsayin Karewar Filin Eagle na Philippine
Fuskar Philippine tana daya daga cikin jinsunan gaggafa a duniya. A cikin Littafin Karatu, wannan nau'in halitta ce mai haɗari. An rage raguwar saurin adadin tsuntsayen da ke faruwa a cikin al'ummomin ukun da suka gabata, dangane da karuwar asarar mazauni.
Philippine gaggafa yana daya daga cikin jinsunan gaggafa a duniya.
Matakan Eagungiyar Tsaron Filin Fuskar na Filipino
Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) doka ta kiyaye shi a Philippines. Kasuwancin duniya da fitarwa na tsuntsaye sun iyakance ga aikace-aikacen CITES. Don kare gaggafa da ba a sani ba, an gabatar da wasu matakai da yawa, gami da aiwatar da dokar da ta hana bi da kiyaye nadin, safiyo, yakin wayar da kan jama'a, da ayyukan kiwo.
Ana aiwatar da aikin muhalli a yankuna da yawa da aka kiyaye, ciki har da Arewacin Saliyo Madre na Gas a Luzon, Kitanglad MT, da wuraren shakatawa na dabi'a a Mindanao. Akwai Gidauniyar Philippine Eagle, wacce ke aiki a Davao, Mindanao kuma tana kula da ƙoƙarin asali, sarrafawa da kuma kiyaye yawan Eagan wasan na Philippine Eagle. Asusun yana aiki don haɓaka shirin sake sarrafa dabbobi don ƙaramar tsuntsayen da ke cinikinta. Dokar ƙona-ƙona da ƙona ta zartar da shi ta hanyar dokokin gida. Ana amfani da patrols na kore don kare mazaunin gandun daji. Shirin ya tanadi ƙarin bincike kan rarrabawa, yalwa, buƙatun muhalli da barazanar ƙarancin halittu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Habitat halo
Har zuwa farkon karni na 20, Tsibirin na Philippine ya rufe gaba daya a cikin ruwan sama. Mulkin dabbobi ne da na tsuntsaye, kuma gaggafa Philippine yana jin daɗin zama anan. Akwai isasshen ganima a cikin jeji don kowa da kowa.
Mikiya da ganima
Koyaya, komai ya canza yanzu. Kusan kashi tamanin cikin dari na gandun dajin ke hallaka a cikin Filifin. An dasa kurmi domin samar da kayan gini, kuma ana amfani da wuraren da za'a fadada don gina sabbin mazauna, ko kuma an dasa gonaki domin gonaki. Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa mazaunan waɗannan tsuntsayen sun ragu sosai. Lallai, domin gaggafa mikiya ta sami nasa abincin, tana buƙatar aƙalla kilomita 50 na ƙasa.
Fate na Harpy Monkey Eater
Tun daga 1960, mikiya ta Filipino ta kasance karkashin kariyar jiha, to, shirye-shiryen farko na kiyaye wannan tsuntsu da ba kasafai ya bayyana ba. A wasu tsibiran, gaggafa har yanzu suna ci gaba da rayuwa cikin 'yanci, amma adadinsu ba ya ƙaruwa.
A tsibirin Mindanao, wanda ya kasance farkon mafarin gaggafa na Furanci, an kirkiro wani wurin ajiya ba wai kawai ana iya kiyaye adadin jama'ar da ke akwai ba, har ma da tsuntsayen da suka fado daga dajin kajin ana kula da su. Ana yin fadakarwa tsakanin mazaunan tsibirin Philippine akan bukatar kiyaye gaggafa. Mazauna karkara suna karɓar ladan kuɗi, waɗanda, da suka samo juhurma, suka ɗauke shi ƙarƙashin kulawarsu.
Kama gaggafa
Sun kare shi daga manoma da makiyaya.Matsalar ita ce gaggafa mata da ke ƙasar Philippine ba ta haihuwar cikin bauta ba, don haka duk yunƙurin kiyaye ta an yi niyya, da farko, don kare mazauninta. Amma, duk da haka, mutuwar tsuntsaye ya zuwa yanzu duk hasashen yanayin annabta.
Tun da muka fara magana game da mutuwar dabbobi, kuma wannan, rashin alheri, yana jiran kowane mai mallakar dabbobi, muna son yin magana game da wurin da aka sadaukar domin jana'izar dabbobi a Kiev. A kan shi za ku iya, idan ku mazaunin babban birnin ne, binne dabbar ku a matakin binne ɗan adam. Shafin zai taimaka muku tare da duk shirye-shirye, yanke shawara akan wani wuri a cikin hurumi na dabbobi, ko kuma, bisa ga buƙatun masu mallakar, taimaka tare da ƙona jikin.
Kuma ku tuna - muna da alhakin waɗanda suka yi sihiri!