Tsawon jikin diyar dutsen da allura uku bai wuce cm 10 ba.Habi'ar halayyar wannan dangi sune kashin bayan gida, wanda sunan kifin ya bayyana.

Stickaƙƙarfan tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle guda uku suna da tsalle-tsalle guda 3 a bayansu, amma adadin spikes na iya zama 9 da 16, gwargwadon nau'ikan sandar ta rarrabu.

Saboda waɗannan tsalle-tsalle, kifi ya zama mai wahalar farauta ga masu farauta. Alluhun suna da kayan kullewa, sun kusa zuwa wutsiyar, saboda haka, don cinye kifaye, kuna buƙatar samun damar kama shi.

Madadin kila a baya da gefuna akwai faranti mai ƙarfi wanda yake juyawa, sannu a hankali sun zama ƙanƙanuwa zuwa wutsiya. Wadannan faranti kuma suna yin aikin kariya ne daga magabatansu.

Kafaffen kafa uku (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

Abubuwan halaye na waje

Stickleback ya kasance na dangin rayukan-rayukan wawa. Sunan ya haɗu 5 ya haifar da kusan 8 nau'ikan waɗannan wakilai.

Sun bambanta: spikes dake cikin finfin hannun dokin. Wannan karamin kifin bashi da sikeli, kuma ba kowa bane yana da fin fin ciki. Mafi yawan lokuta a cikin yankin fin akwai raunin kashin baya ko haskoki 2 mai laushi. Lokacin da hatsari ya taso, ƙaya tana amfani da makaminsa, yana yada yatsun masu kaifi. Sun soki jikin abokan gaba.

Sashin katako ya kasance na dangin gashin fuka-fukan

A bangarorin jikin mutum akwai faranti kashi sama da 30. Suna aiki azaman ƙarin kariya. Kifin katako ya kasance daga cikin mafi ƙarancin wakilan jikin ruwa. Tsawon jiki ya kai 5-6 cm a lokacin balaga. Launi na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in halittu, daga cikinsu:

• hudu-allura,
• tara-allura
• rafi
• teku
• karamin kudu
• uku-allura.

Mafi na kowa shine na ƙarshe daga cikin abubuwan da aka lissafa. An rarrabe ta da launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai launin shuɗi, ciki da gefenta sune azurfa.

Lokacin canjin da aka saƙa allura uku-uku

Halin maƙarƙashiya yayin jiran zuriyar yana burgewa. Lokacin da ruwan ya fara ɗumi, maɗaukakar macen ta rabu da fakitin kuma ta fara gina gida.

A cikin Kamchatka, ana kiran saƙar da ake kira hahalcha.

Spikes suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, inda akwai kayan gini da yawa. Suna gina gida daga sassan tsirrai da ƙananan rassan. Don gluing kayan gini, maza suna amfani da sirri na musamman, wanda ke ɓoyewa daga dubura.

Yayin da namiji yake gina gida don mace da zuriyar gaba, bayyanar sa yakan canza sosai.

Koren baya ko launin ruwan kasa baya ya zama shuɗi, ƙananan muƙamula da ciki sun zama ja, idanun kuma sun zama shuɗi. Wannan launi a cikin maza ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen ɓarna, har sai caviar ya bayyana a cikin gida. Amma ba wai kawai mata ba, har ma da masu farautar suna ba da hankali ga maza da ke daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗar haske, yayin lokacin kiwo sun zama mai sauƙin ci ga tsuntsaye.

Abubuwa uku masu sihiri, suna zaune a cikin ruwa da ruwa mai kyau.

Hakanan bayyanar sashin mata sanda take canzawa. Komawa masu launin raunin fata suna bayyana akan jiki, ciki kuma ya zama launin rawaya.

Don jawo hankalin mace zuwa gida, namiji yakan bishi zuwa gareshi, yana taka ƙaya da ƙyallen kuma suna yin zigzags a gabanta. Lokacin da mace ta nuna sha'awa kuma ta kusanci gidan, namiji ya tursasa ta ta yi sauri ta shiga cikin caviar.

Lokacin da a ƙasan gida akwai ɗumbin launuka masu launin ruwan ɗimmo ɗari, diamita wanda shine 1 millimita kawai, namiji ya bar mace. Sannan tana sanya ruwan karsashin caviar sai ta saki wani madara mai sanyi akan sa. Bayan wannan, sai ya je neman wata sabuwar mace.

Mazaƙaƙen itace mai kututturewa ya sami kariya daga ƙwai da ƙarin ilimin zuriya. Bayan haka, namiji dole ne ya kare qwai, koda daga mace, tunda wata budurwa zata iya cin qwai daga matar da ta gabata, dan haka nan da nan namiji zai fitar da mace da zaran sun yi hidimar qwai.

Mata suna cin karen baƙi saboda suna da mutuƙar magana kuma suna ƙoƙarin ƙara haɓakar rayuwar caviar su.

Idan namiji yana da aiki da tsufa, caviar daga mata 6-7 na iya fitowa a cikin mazaunin sa. Bayan kowace kwanciya, namiji yana faɗaɗa gida kadan saboda ƙasan caviar bashi da yawa kuma yana iya samun iska mai kyau. Yaron kuma dole ne ya taka rawar fan; saboda wannan, ya ishe shi a ƙofar zuwa mazaunin kuma yana motsa guguwarsa, yana jagorantar kwararar ruwan zuwa ga maraƙin.

Har sai ƙyaya ta tono, mahaifinsa a zahiri ba ya iyo daga ciyawar. Amma da faranti suka fito daga cikin caviar kuma suka tara a garken azurfa, ayyukan gida ma zasu ci gaba. Dole ne ya kare soya daga sauran yara marayu waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin cinye su. Youngan samari da ke tsere cikin soya suna haɗuwa cikin garken. Macen da ke sa hannun maciji ya zama dole ya riƙa kula da abin da ke kan ɗan nasa kuma ya koma bakin jariran da suka bar gidan.

Launin launi na allura na allura guda uku ya dogara da shekaru, yanayin ilimin halittar jiki, mazaunin kifin ko kakar.

Mahaifin mai kula da allura mai allura uku ya daina kula da 'ya'yan sa kimanin kwanaki 45 bayan da aka yi mashi. A wannan lokacin, saurayi ya girma ya fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Namiji da offspringa youngansa sun shiga cikin makarantar kifi.

Inda yake zama

Musamman ma za'a iya samun daskararru masu yawa a cikin Tekun Baltic da Farin Teku. Akwai shi a cikin koguna na Yammacin Siberiya, a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen Dnieper, a cikin Arewacin Donets, a cikin ruwan Black, Azov da Caspian Seas, da kuma a cikin ilmen a yankin Astrakhan. Ana iya samunsa a cikin Volga da koguna na kwari Volga.

Kifi mai firgita yana ƙaunar wurare masu natsuwa tare da kwanciyar hankali. Zai iya zama ƙananan tsagi, koguna, tafkuna tare da yashi ko silty a ƙasa da kuma tekun da aka rufe da ciyawa.

Allura uku-da allura tara suna zaune a cikin dukkan ƙasashen Turai. A cikin Rasha, mazaunin dabbobin itace kogunan da ke gudana cikin Tekuna Farar fata da Baltic, koguna na Gabas Ta Tsakiya, Wuraren Yankin Leningrad, Lake Onega.

Stickarƙar baƙuwar tana zaune a gefen iyakar Turai, yana farawa daga Norway kuma ya ƙare tare da Bay's Biscay. Mazauninta yankuna na teku ne kusa da tsaunukan dutse.

Foundan ƙaramar kudu ana samun su a cikin sassan da aka yanke wa tekun Azov, Black da Caspian, da kuma a cikin kogunan da ke gudana a cikinsu. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙananan Dnieper da North Donets.

Bayani game da zanen allura uku

Jikin dunƙule, kamar na ruwan teku, an rufe shi ba da sikeli ba, amma ta faranti ƙasusuwa, ya zama harsashi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi a kusa da kifin. Bayan duk, duka jinsunan kasance a cikin tsari Kolyushkoobraznye, amma ga iyalai daban-daban. Stleleback ya fito ne daga dangin Stickle, wanda a ciki aka san nau'ikan 12. A cikin kusancin St. Petersburg akwai raye-raye da aka zana uku, kuma ita ce ta juya ta zama "mala'ika mai ceton" a lokacin da aka toshe.

Bayyanar allura mai allura uku

Ana samun daskararren itace uku-ruwa a jikin tsarkakakkun ruwa da cikin teku. Tsawon nau'in tsarkakken ruwa shine santimita 4-6. Jikin yana da elongated, amma babba isa, dan kadan matsa daga bangarorin. Takaitaccen caudal mai tushe ya wuce zuwa cikin farin caudal, ba'a rarrabashi zuwa lobes. Madadin sikeli, jikin yana kiyaye shi ta faranti ƙasusuwa, kuma da alama kifin yana da ƙuƙwalwa a cikin kwasfa. A kan dan kadan nuna kai manyan idanu bayyananne.

Uku mai kaifi uku waɗanda ke tsakiyar bayansu a bayyane suke a hoton hoton. Da lambar su, kifin ya sami suna - allura uku. A bayan dunƙulen kuwa shi ne ƙaddamarwar cinya. Amma wannan ba duk “makaman” wannan ƙananan kifayen bane. Madadin ƙyallen ventral, ita ma tana da ƙyalli. Ik tsattsaye masu tsalle-tsage masu kama da sihiri.

Makami mai ban tsoro - ƙaya

Lokacin da kifin da aka sakar masa jiki ya huta, spikes din sun dace da jiki.

Idan akwai wani hadari ko hari, mai tsinkaye ya tashi ya shimfiɗa ta matakai uku - daga baya da kuma bangarorin daga ciki. A wannan matsayin, sun soki bakin maharbin.

A cikin faɗa tsakanin maza kafin ɓarkewa, an kuma yi amfani da wannan makamin cikin nasara. Yana faruwa koyaushe mai nasara ya buɗe abokin hamayyarsa da mabiyansa.

Canza launuka da bambancin jinsi

Canjin launin sandar mai canzawa ne, kuma dalilai da yawa suna tasiri akan shi: shekaru, yanayin ilimin dabbobi, mazaunin sa da kuma lokacin:

• matasa azurfa
• a cikin hunturu launi yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, kuma a lokacin rani ne mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da tintaccen azurfa.

Yawancin lokaci, maza da mata ba sa bambanta da launi. Amma a lokacin kiwo, bayan namiji ya zama mai kaushi, runtsewar kai da jiki sun zama ja.

Mata ma suna canzawa - ratsi mai duhu ya bayyana a gaɓoɓin jikin mutum kuma a baya, ciki ya sami launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Bayan tsallakewa, launi ya zama iri ɗaya.

Kiwo

-Aƙƙarfan zubewar dabino guda uku shine ɗayan fishan kifayen da ke nuna misalin mahaifan misali na kwarai. Namiji ne wanda yake aikin ginin gidan. Kuma daga baya, ya kuma kula da duk caviar da ke soya da soyayyen launin toya.

Gida an gina shi a kan shimfidar wurare tsakanin tsirrai na ruwa masu ruwa, in da akwai hanya mai kyau. Wani rami yana jita a ƙasa: namiji ya ɗauki yashi da bakinsa ya ɗauka a gefe.

Scraps da ragowar tsire-tsire, wanda namiji yana ɗaure tare da gamsai daga bangarorin jikinsa, zama kayan gini. Gida yana gyarawa akan mai tushe na tsirrai na ruwa da nutsuwa a cikin karkatarwa, saboda haka babu izini. Hoton wani dakon dakon daddare yana nuna aikin tattara tarkacen tsirrai don gina gida.

Lokacin da sheƙ ɗin ta shirya, namiji zai tura mace zuwa mazaunin, wanda ke nan da daƙiƙu kaɗan kuma yana kulawa da kwanon kwan ƙwai (ƙwai kusan 100). Nan da nan namiji ya fitar da ita ya yi sauri ya ba da qwai. Sannan ya nemi wata mace kuma yayi mata daidai. Mafi yawan maza masu tsufa na iya tara ƙwai daga mata shida zuwa bakwai (ƙwalla 150-180).

Sannan lokacin ya yi wa namiji matsala:

• Yana tsaron gida, yana zina kan duk wanda yake kusa da shi.
• Yana gyara da kuma gyara gida.
• Yana ba da caviar mai tasowa tare da ruwa mai ɗora - yana ɗora shi da ƙashin hancin.

A cikin kwanaki 10-14, yayin da caviar ke haɓaka, namiji ba ya ɓoye daga gida. Amma sai ya tabbatar da cewa soya ba ya iyo sosai, kuma idan ya cancanta ya mayar da su zuwa gida a bakin.

Kafaffen kusurwa uku ba zai rayu tsawon shekaru - 3-4. Yana fara ninkawa a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa (a cikin jikkunan ruwa). Duk da cewa ita karama ce, tana da mutancinta sosai - wata karamar mafarauci ce. Abincinta: soya da ƙwai na wasu kifaye (gami da nau'ikansa), tsutsotsi, ɓawon burodi, larvae kwari.

Yadda ake kama dutsen a lokacin toshewar

Mazaunan Krondstadt da aka kewaye da yaƙi sun yi amfani da na'urori masu ɗorewa a maimakon tarbar raga don ɗaukar sandar taƙama: riguna, jakunkuna, kwanduna, T-shirts, raga na tabar wiwi don kamun luker da ƙananan ƙwayoyin.

Masu satar maharan suna kwance a jikin ramuka na katako a karkashin gadar kuma sun saukar da “bindigogin” su a cikin ruwa, suna jera su a wata kusurwa da ta halin yanzu na mintina daya, sannan suka fitar da su nan da nan. A wannan lokacin, kamun kifin yana cikin adadin kifaye ɗaya da rabi. Don kama kilo biyar na sandar ta ɓoye ta wannan hanyar, ya ɗauki aƙalla 5-6.

Kunnen kunne da meatballs da aka yi daga ƙananan kifayen raunanannu sun tabbatar da daɗi, kuma mafi mahimmanci - mai gina jiki. Ga irin wannan kifin - toshewar katako.

Bronze kifi a kan raƙuman ƙarfe

Kifi na tagulla uku da raƙuman ƙarfe - wannan abin tunawa ne ga shingen shingen da ke saman ruwa rafin Obvodny Canal kusa da Gadar Blue a tsibirin Kotlin a Krondstadt.

Daga "Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg" mun koya cewa shawara don kafa abin tunawa ya bayyana a cikin 1957. Kuma kawai a farkon 2004 daftarin tsarin an yi la’akari da sauraren kararrakin jama’a. Sannan an sake tsara ta kuma aka kirkireshi a sigar karshe ta mai rubutun nan ta N.V. Chepurnov. Kuma a shekara ta 2005, an kafa hasumiya kuma a buɗe - 8 ga Mayu.

Lines hudu daga waka da Maryamu Aminova, wata 'yar waƙar Kronstadt, an rubuta a kan plaque.

A shekarar 2012, an rubuta dutsen don rataye dutsen a Krondstadt a littafin ƙwaƙwalwar Yakin Babban Yaƙi. A al'adance, a kowace shekara a ranar 27 ga Janairu (ranar tayar da fitowar Leningrad) jikoki da yara na sieges suna ɗaukar furanni zuwa ga abin tunawa. Kuma masunta na mai son suna da al'adunsu - don ziyarci "taguwar tagulla" kafin kamun kifi. Wannan, azaman alama, kifin zai zama mafi kyau ga peck.

Labari

Disamba. Arba'in-farko
Shekaru na biyu.
Sama da kowane numfashi
Numfashin da aka toshe.

A cikin farfado da shagon.
Na dauki amo a gaban gani.
Kamar hasken sabuntawa
Fuss game da dantse.
A hannun kifin wani
Tare da wasa, a cikin ƙaya,
A fuskokin murmushi
Tare da yin mafarki mai sanda.

Kamar yaƙin gurneti
Kamar tsuntsu
An yaba da shi a cikin shinge
Mu kifi ne mai taushi.
Kusa da ni kusa da ni
Ba duk abin da ke cikin duniyar bindiga ba.
Na ga wani abin tunawa
Batun katako

A lokacin katangar, lokacin da abinci a cikin kewayen da aka kewaye ya ƙare kuma kusan dukkanin kifaye suka kama kuma aka cinye a Gabar Gabar Finland da bahar, ɗaya nau'in mara ma'ana wanda ba shi da ma'amala ta kasuwanci ya rayu kuma ba a cinye shi a cikin sa'o'i kuma masunta masunta sun ɗauka "abin ba'a". mai nunawa. Fishan ƙaramar kifayen suna ratsa cikin raga, tare da faranti kashin maimakon sikeli da jijiyoyi akan ƙoshin ƙanƙan da ciki, an kama mutanen gari tare da net, jaka, riguna, T-shirts. A lokacin bazara, an shirya masu sintiri don kama ta. A cewar rubutattun mutanen, “a cikin awanni 3-4 zuwa hudu… sun kama tufka da jaka a cikin jakar abin rufe gas, wanda yakai kilo 4-6. Lokacin da kankara ta sauka. ”

A Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta 2 na Leningrad, an inganta magungunan "Stickback fat", wanda aka yi amfani da shi a asibitoci don kula da ƙonewa da raunuka.

An shirya kunne daga dunƙule tare da ƙari na kifi, cutlet. Kuɗaɗen kankara da ke cike da ƙoshin kifi sun narke, an cire ƙwayar baƙin ciki daga kifin, an ɗebe naman da aka ƙone ta ƙoshin an dafa shi a cikin masara mai ruwan orange, kuma an samo shi ne daga dusar ƙanƙara. Da yawa daga cikin masu toshiyar baki suna bin hakkin itace.

Sun yi fyaɗe a ƙarƙashin gadar farko ta Elagin. Mun sauka karkashin gada kuma can, muna kwance a kan katako, muka fara aiki da kwanduna. … Stickleback! Oneayan ɗaya, ƙarami, mai kamanni, tare da tsawon yatsan rabin kifin da ke gudana garken tumaki a bakin tekun, a cikin mafi ƙarancin wurare ... Sau nawa na yi ƙoƙarin kama a kalla hannu ɗaya tare da yaro - Ban taɓa yin nasara ba. Kuma a nan mun shigar da kwandunanmu cikin ruwa, mun sanya su a kan abin da ke faruwa a wani ɓataccen abu da za a cire bayan minti guda. 10-15 dunƙule mai tsalle a cikin kwandon.

A cikin sa'o'i biyu ko uku, gugajen sun cika.
Dafa shi daskararre, soyayyen, ya sanya cutlets daga ciki. Ya ciyar da mahaifiyarsa tsawon kwanaki, yana musayar sigari. Ban yi tsammanin wannan abin wasan yara ba, kifin yar tsanai ya fi dadi ...

An sayar da dusar kankara tare da dusar kankara a cikin birni har zuwa ƙarshen 1940s.

Waƙwalwa

"Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg" yana nuna cewa ra'ayin ƙirƙirar abin tunawa ga ƙaramin kifi ya tashi a cikin 1957, 'yan jaridu na birni sun kira waƙar "Wata rana a cikin rayuwar shingen Kronstadt", wanda shugaban majalisar Veterans na Kronstadt M ya jawo hankali ga 2004, ra'ayin. V. Konovalov. A watan Janairu na 2004, an gabatar da ƙirar abin tunawa don sake duba jama'a, daga baya aka sake duba shi. Wannan abin tunawa, an ƙirƙira shi da ƙirar N.V. Chepurny akan ƙudurin Majalisar Veterans na Kronstadt da Gidauniyar “asa ta "Shekaru 300 na Kronstadt - Mayar da wuraren bauta", an sanya shi a jikin bangon yamma na Obvodny Canal, kusa da Blue Bridge. An bude wurin ne a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2005.

A micromonument, an ƙarfafa shi daga ciki na babban dutse na canal, yana wakiltar ƙananan kifayen tagulla a kan raƙuman ƙarfe. A jikin bango akwai layin rubutu na waƙar Kronstadt, Maryamu Aminova “Bugun guguwa”:

Harin ya yi shiru yana jefa bom,
Amma yabo har yanzu sauti -
Blockan ƙananan kifi
Abin da ya taimaka wa mutane tsira ...

Aka ba da abin tunawa a cikin "Littafin Tunawa da Yaƙin Mafi Girma", an ba da katun tare da hotonta. Wata al'ada ce ta birni ta haɗu don kawo furanni zuwa ga abin tunawa a ranar 27 ga Janairu, ranar da aka ɗauke shingen Leningrad. Masunta na gari suna da alamar: idan ka ziyarci wata dutsen kafin fara kamun kifi, kifin zai yi kyau a kama.

Wani irin kifi mai wuya?

Sunan ya hada dukkan gidan, ya hada da janarori biyar da kusan takwas. Dukkan wakilai suna da alamomi da ke gaban fin fin din. Sikeli na waɗannan kifayen ba ya nan. Ba kowa ba ne yana da fin fin ciki kuma za a iya wakilta ta kashin baya da kuma rakodin laushi guda biyu. Idan hatsarin ya faru ko kuma lokacin da maharbi ya kawo mata hari, raunin ya bazu duk kaikayinsa masu kaifi kuma sai su soki shi.

Kifi yana ƙaunar wurare tare da hanya mai natsuwa, ƙasa mai laka kuma bankunan sun mamaye ciyawa. M, ana sa duk nau'in a cikin manyan fakitoci na hannu. Wannan wani lokacin yakan sa kifin da wuya, saboda tare da ɗan ƙaramin motsi, jamb ɗin gaba ɗaya suka hau kan abin da ya faɗa cikin ruwa.

Habitat

Stickleback kifi ne wanda aka saba dashi ga mazauna wurare daban-daban. Zasu iya zama ruwan marine, brackish da freshwater. Don haka, kwarangwal din yana zaune ne a yankuna na Azov, Caspian da ƙananan rafi na Dnieper da kuma wasu kogunan da ke gudana a cikinsu. Ulu uku-da allura-allura guda tara ana samun su a ko'ina cikin Turai. A cikin Rasha, ana iya ganin shi a cikin kogunan da ke kwarara zuwa cikin farin da kuma a cikin tabkuna na yankin Leningrad. Sandar teku - kifin bakin teku. An samo shi a Yammacin Turai a kan tsaunukan bakin teku na Bis Biscay da Gulf of Finland, a arewacin Norway da kuma Tekun Baltic.

Darajar tattalin arziki

A baya can, an nemi wannan ƙananan kifayen a cikin Baltic, White da Azov Seas, da kuma a cikin Kamchatka. Hakanan an samo gari mai ingantaccen ciyarwar abinci daga ciki. Bugu da kari, an yi amfani da dusar kankara a matsayin ciyarwar dabbobi, kuma a matsayin taki domin filaye. A Leningrad da aka kewaye, ana amfani da man kifi mai-carotenoid a asibitoci don kula da raunuka da kuma kula da ƙonewa.

A halin yanzu, Stickbackback shine kifi wanda ƙimar tattalin arzikinsa ba ta da ƙima sosai. Ta ci gaba da komai, ta hakan ke haifar da mummunar illa ga zuriyar kyawawan nau'ikan kasuwanci.

Stickan ƙaramar sandar kudu

Gishiri-ruwa ko nau'in ruwa mai-ruwa-mai-ruwa ya kai 6 cm a tsayi. Irin wannan kifin ya bazu cikin Asiya, Turai, akwai keɓantattun mutane a Girka - gundarin kogunan Aljakmon da Vardar. An kiyaye sashin itace na itace, a matsayin doka, a cikin yankuna mara gudummawa masu wadatar ciyayi. Jikin kifi yana da girma da kuma matsawa a garesu. Launi launin ruwan kasa-kore ne, ciki kuwa azurfa ne, wani lokacin ma yana da launin ruwan toka mai launin shuɗi. Tsira da sifa sun yaɗu ko'ina cikin jiki, suna haifar da ra'ayi na tsarin marmara.

Nine allura Stleback

Ganin ba shi da girma sosai fiye da wanda ya gabata (tsayi - jikin 5-7 cm). Ko da girman kifin katako na itace, bashi da darajar kasuwanci ko tattalin arziƙi. Wannan nau'in yana da gefe mara lahani da jiki mai tsawo, da manyan idanu (a hoto na biyu). Can baya na iya samun inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa, ciki - azurfa mai haske. Launi yana canzawa a cikin maza yayin tsallakewa. Ciki da bangarorin sun zama baƙi, ƙaya kuma ta yi fari. Wannan nau'in ƙaura ne wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a tekun Atlantika, Arctic da Pacific Ocean, a cikin babban kwari.

Idan zamuyi magana game da abin da kifayen katako ke tsoronsa, yakamata a ambaci ruwan sabo (perch, pike, pike perch, catfish, burbot, chub) da marine (herring, herring, gobies, da sauransu) mafarauta. Hakanan zasu iya cin macizai, kunkuru, daskararru, tsuntsaye masu cin nama da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Dukkanta ya dogara da mazauni.

Stickleback

Sunan na biyu shine goma sha biyar. An kwatanta shi da kasancewar ƙananan kasusuwa 14 zuwa 16 a cikin kashin baya. Jikin kifin yana da santsi mai kauri, mai kauri, tare da kara mai kauri mai dogon gashi. A baya launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ne, kuma gefunan zinare ne. Abun sha'awa shine launi na maza yayin tsalle - suna juya shuɗi. Girman girma ya kai 20 cm a tsayi. Halin ya fi warewa - ba su tara cikin garken ba, sabanin sauran nau'in halittu.

Brood mai kararrawa

An rarraba shi a cikin ƙananan koguna da tabkuna a arewacin Amurka. Yana da daga 4 zuwa 6 (mafi yawan lokuta 5) kashin baya a gaban fin din bayan al'aura. Yana girma har zuwa cm 6 tsawonsa Yana da ƙarfi aiki da yawa. Maza a lokacin canjin yanayi na canza launin talakawansu zuwa launin ja mai haske. Sauran halaye da yanayin halayyar halaye tare da zuriya iri daya ne da na sikirin allurai uku.

Dodo

Dukkanin rubutun yana cikin Kronstadt. An kafa wannan dutsen a 2005. Monan ƙaramin dutse ya gabatar da raƙuman ƙarfe da ƙananan kifaye uku a haɗe da su. Nan kusa zaka iya ganin layin mawaƙa "Blockade Stickle" na mawaƙi M. Aminova.

Saboda haka, tambayar ko akwai irin wannan kifi - Stickbackback, kowane mazaunin St. Petersburg zai amsa muku a cikin tabbacin. Yana iya ma bayar da girke-girke mai kyau don shirye-shiryensa. Smallan ƙaramin kifi a cikin mummunan shinge ya ceci rayuka sama da dubu.

Duk wani mai kamun kifi yana so ya kama babban kifi. Koyaya, wasu ƙananan wakilai na duniyar ruwa suna da kyau a matsayin ganima. Misali, kifin katako mai ƙanƙanci ya zama ƙarami, amma ya banbanta cikin yanayi na al'ada da haushi. Duk da karamin girmanta, wannan maharbin yana da matukar kaifi, kuma idan akwai hatsari zai iya kare kansa daga sauran mazaunan ruwa na ruwa.

Kifin katako ya fi ƙanƙanuwa, amma ya bambanta a cikin ɗabi'un da ba a saba ba kuma m.

Habitat

An rarraba daskararren itace gwargwadon nau'in ruwa. Wakilan Freshwater kada ku shiga teku. Ana samo su kuma ana yaduwa kawai a cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Kifayen teku suna zaune a cikin ruwan teku, amma a lokacin tsalle suna yin iyo a cikin sassan gabar teku.

Yawancin kifayen dabino masu rai suna zaune a cikin ɗakunan Turai da Yammacin Siberiya. Kadan ne a cikin Volga da kuma ruwanta. Mafi yawan lambobin waɗannan wakilan ana lura dasu a cikin koguna na kwari:

• Baltic
• Fari
• Baki
• Azovsky
• Tekun Caspian.

Spiked kifi ne na kowa a cikin Dnieper da North Donets. Don kama ta, kuna buƙatar neman wurare tare da kwanciyar hankali da jinkirin kwarara. Ta fi son ƙananan tafkuna da rafuffuka tare da tudun ciyawa, ƙasa mai laka. Zai iya rayuwa har a cikin rami. A cikin wuraren ajiya tare da babban adadin kifayen rike a manyan makarantu. Sun fara kai hari kan duk wani abu da ya fada ruwa.

Saboda tsintsiya mai kauri da karfi, yawancin mazaunan wuraren tafkuna suna da tsauri saboda tsalle-tsalle. Tare da taimakon spikes, suna shirya rarrabuwa a tsakanin su. Spines suna cin kashin baƙi, kuma da yawan gaske. Saboda ƙarancin abokan gaba, kifin mai ƙarancin isa ya sami zuriya mai yawa. Wannan gaskiyar tana barazanar kasancewar sauran mazaunan wurin zaman lafiya masu aminci. Shekarun rayuwa na dunkulalliya kadan ne kuma shekaru 3-4 ne kacal.

Abincin Prickle

Wannan karamin kifin yana da kyawawan ci. Tana cin kowane abinci, kodayake, tushen abincinta shine:

• tsutsotsi
• rustamara,
• plankton,
• kwari larvae
• kwayoyin da suke rayuwa a kasan tafkuna.

Tunda su mafarauta ne, sukan ci sauran nau'ikan kifayen, ƙwaiyensu, har ma da yan uwan ​​nasu. Lokacin farauta dare ne. Sun zabi kifin motsi, suna nuna hali sosai, suna bin ƙararun mutane. Farauta yayin cikakken wata shine mafi kyau lokacin da akwai ƙarin haske.

Ganin abin farauta ne, sanda yayi saurin gargadin wanda aka azabtar dashi, tare da kama shi. Teethan haƙoran haƙora ba su barin wanda aka azabtar da damar rayuwa ba. An nuna shi a cikin garken kuma yana gudu zuwa wurin da aka kai harin a cikin begen liyafa a kan abin da aka kama.

Hanyar kamun kifi

Ga masunta, wannan nau'in kifin ba shi da babbar sha'awa, tunda ba shi da ƙimar abinci. Mafi sau da yawa, ƙananan kifi suna kama yara daga ƙasa. Tunda tana da mutukar magana, irin wannan aiki zai kawo wasu lokuta da yawa masu dadi, saboda maƙarƙashiyar zata zube koyaushe.

Tana daɗaɗa ƙarfi a kan ƙwai, magmots, tsutsotsi har ma da haɗiye ƙugiya. A kan kamun kifin hunturu, ana amfani da tsummoki masu launin launuka daban-daban da girma dabam. An dasa su tare da tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi na jini ko ƙwayoyin cuta don zaɓar daga. Bayan an kama abin, sai a dauko shi a hankali don kada ya hau kan mage mai ƙyalli.

Ga galibin masunta, itace mai siye da weater. Koyaya, yana neman aikace-aikacen a cikin samar da abinci mai inganci, mai kifi da taki don filayen. Wasu masu son kifin ruwan kifin suna gudanar da shi a cikin kwantena na gidansu.

Kolyushkovye - karami, daga 3.5 zuwa 20 cm, marine da kifin ruwa mai tsafta na arewacin hemisphere. Jikin ne siriri, tsawon lokaci, matsawa a gefe. Hanyar motsa jiki na bakin ciki yana da bakin ciki, yawanci tare da murfin baya.

Dukkanin ragi suna da ƙarfi ko heavilyasa da ƙarfi dauke da makamai don kai hari da kariya. A baya da kan ciki akwai dunƙule masu ninka, babu sikeli, amma a yawancin jinsunan an rufe sassan jikinsu da makamai daga manyan faranti. Akwai dabino da yawa na thorns ko allura a bayansu: uku-uku, mai nuna kusurwa tara, da dai sauransu Akwai nau'ikan 5, halittu 7-8 a cikin dangin Stickleback. Abun da aka haɗa da ƙarfi (Gasterosteus) ya zama ruwan dare a Turai, Afirka ta Arewa (Algeria), Asiya ta Arewa da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin USSR, jinsi daya ke rayuwa - karafa-uku mai dunƙule (Gasterosteus aculeatus) .

Jikin mabarnata allura uku-uku ya yi tsayi, ya matsa kusa da ita, tare da gajeriyar tuwa. Madadin Sikeli, bangarorin jikinsa an rufe su da faranti, kamar harsashi. An nuna kai. Bakin yana da iyaka, na matsakaici ne. Gill membranes ya taru zuwa tsakiyar gill ɗin, ba tare da samar da gamsuwa ba. Akwai manyan kasusuwa guda uku a gaban fin din bayan. Insarfin ventral an juye su zuwa dunƙule. Hannun ƙasa da na kashin ciki a cikin ɗagawa an rufe su tare da keɓaɓɓe na musamman kuma makaman karewa ne. Kafaffen fuka-fukai guda uku suna zaune a cikin teku kuma cikin ruwa mai kyau, suna zaune a cikin teku yawanci sun fi girma ruwa, dauke da makamai, makarancin gada a kan caudal peduncle suna haɓaka kyau, ƙwallan faranti a tarnaƙi na jikin suna zama cikakke jere, a cikin siffofin ruwa ruwa ana samun waɗannan faranti kawai kusa da kai da kan caudal kara .

Tsawon dutsen da ya zube sau uku a cikin Bahar Maliya ya kai 9 cm (yawanci matsakaicin tsawon maza shine 6.5 cm, mace shine 7.5 cm), kuma a Tekun Pacific kusa da Kamchatka ya kai 10-11 cm. A cikin ruwa mai kyau da kuma a cikin ƙarin yankuna na kudu, tsayin ba yawanci ba ya wuce cm 6-6.

Launi mai canzawa ne: launin kore-launin ruwan kasa a siffofin ruwa da kuma daga shuɗi-kore zuwa launin shuɗi-baki a cikin siffofin ruwa, a cikin yara - azurfa. A lokacin bazara, a lokacin tsinke, kirjin maza da ciki sun zama ja mai haske, baya ya zama kore mai kauri, idanuwa kuma suna da shuɗi. Duffai masu duhu suna bayyana a ɓangarorin mata sannan kuma farin farin cikin farin ya kasance rawaya mai launin shuɗi.

Abubuwa uku masu siƙe da sifa iri ɗaya daidai suna rayuwa cikin teku da ruwa mai kyau. Yadu ko'ina cikin tekun arewacin sassan Atlantika da Pacific Ocean. An samo shi a bakin tekun Murman da kuma Tekun Fasha, amma a duk gabar gabar Siberiya ba ta ba. Ya zama ruwan dare gama bakin tekun Turai daga Bahar Rum da Tekun Bahar Rum har zuwa Baltic, daga Yankin Faroe, Iceland, Greenland, bakin tekun Amurka daga Hudson Bay zuwa New Jersey. A cikin tekun Pacific daga Bering Strait kudu zuwa Korea da California.

A cikin Kogin Bahar Maliya, daskararren ƙwallon ƙafa uku itace ainihin kifin ruwan pelagic. A cikin Tekun Kandalaksha ba da daɗewa ba bayan an shawo kan tekun, a ƙarshen Mayu, a adadi mai yawa yana zuwa bakin tekun. A wasu wuraren, a yayin yawan dabarar gurɓatar katako, ruwan ya zama zahiri ya zama baƙar fata daga ci gaba da yawan kifayen da ke cike da tekun. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya kama tan na kifi a cikin rabin awa tare da karamin haraji.

A cikin watan Yuni, maƙarƙashiyar za ta cika dukkan ƙashin tekun kuma yana riƙe da kifin kusa da bakin tekun. Da farko, kawai mata suna zuwa kusa da bakin tekun. A tsakiyar watan Yuni, maza sun bayyana, ginin ciyayi da farawa. Kodayake kusancin ƙusar ƙusoshin ba shi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da sauran kifayen (daga ƙwai 65 zuwa 550), amma saboda kulawa da zuriyar, yawan rayuwar soya yana da girma sosai. A ƙarshen Yuli soya ya bayyana, a watan Agusta suna ci gaba da garken cikin ciyawar ciyawar teku, a bakin tekun, suna girma cikin hanzari. A watan Agusta, mawuyacin halin gudu na tafiya zuwa teku, yayin da mata suka fara barin, sannan mazan, kuma a farkon Satumba yaran ma sun bace. A watan Agusta, ana samun garken tumaki da yawa a cikin Tekun Fasha, har a wuraren da suke nesa daga bakin tekun. Sun overwinter, tabbas a zurfin 15-30 m, inda yadudduka ruwa warmed sama a lokacin bazara kasance na dogon lokaci.

Farfajiyar cikin yawu na faruwa a bakin teku a cikin yankin da yake lalatattun ruwa da kuma cikin ingantaccen ruwan koguna da koguna. A lokacin kiwo, maza suna da yawan gaske kuma faɗa tsakanin su galibi yakan ƙare da mutuwa: ɗaya daga cikin abokan hamayyarsa a bayyane yake.

A cikin bazara, namiji ya gina gida a gindin zama a kan banki mai natsuwa, tsakanin mai tushe na tsire-tsire masu ruwa, inda akwai kullun, amma ba da ƙarfi sosai yanzu. Ya tattara tarkatattun tsire-tsire na ruwa da tarkace iri iri a wurin, ya ɗaure su da zaren alamu kuma yana ɗaure su ga tsirrai. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, yana duban ginin sa, kamar yana kokarin da karfin sa, yana goge bangarorin sa a jikin bangon, yana shafa bakin gamsai, wanda yake matsayin "filastar" don gama "dakin". Hakanan yana kawo pebbles don ɗaukar nauyin gini kuma ya ba shi kwanciyar hankali.

Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 2-3 kawai don gina gida, amma galibi yana ɗaukar mako guda ko fiye don ginawa. Girman girma a cikin gidaje sun bambanta sosai: wani lokacin gida shine girman irin goro, amma kuma yana iya kasancewa karamin kofin shayi. Sannan namiji ya tura mace zuwa cikin gida. Cikin dan kankanin lokaci na shiga gida, macen tayi sama da qwai 100. Da zaran ta nuna alamar ƙwai, sai namiji ya fitar da ita, ya ba da ƙwayayen kuma bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan ya sake neman wata mace don ƙara ƙarin ƙwai a cikin abin da aka riga aka sa a cikin gida. Ana sake maimaita wannan tsari sau 2-3 har sai an tara adadin ƙwai, yawanci ƙwai 150-180. Bayan haka, namiji yana taka tsantsan yana kiyaye mazaunin, yana ta harbin kan duk wanda ya kusance ta, ya gyara ta, ta tsaftace ta kuma gyara fitsarin ta, ta feshe ta da gwal din ta, ta haifar da kwararawar wani ruwa mai kyau. Haɓakar ƙwai yana daga kwanaki 8 zuwa makonni biyu, gwargwadon yanayin zafin ruwa. Lokacin da soya ta bayyana, namiji yakan yanke rufin gida, ya juye shi zuwa wani shimfiɗar jariri. Wani lokaci yakan ci gaba da kula da soya don wata daya bayan an yi musu katanga, yakan tsare su ya kuma hana su watsuwar daga gida har sai sun girma. Amma a ƙarshe, ya daina nuna sha'awar su kuma zai iya cinye wani ɓangare na zuriyarsa. Har sai kaka, toya a cikin garken a bakin teku a cikin ciyawar da ke cikin ciyawar teku, sannan kuma zuwa wurare masu zurfi.

Shekaru uku na lokacin dunkule mai kafa uku shine shekaru 3-4, ya kai ga balaga a kudu a karshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kuma a cikin Teku White yakan kasance yana da shekaru uku. Stickaƙƙarfan ƙarfi yana iya yin kara ko sauti mai amo.

Duk da karancin girmanta, babban mawuyacin abu mai rikitarwa yana da tsayayye kuma mai yawan ci. Yana ciyarwa akan ƙananan crustaceans, larvae kwari, tsutsotsi, caviar da soya na wasu kifi. An lura da shari'ar lokacin da a cikin sa'o'i 5 cikin ɗayan sandar guda ɗaya ta cinye larvae 74 na ƙaddara, kowane game da tsawon 6 mm, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki biyu ta haɗiye 62. Cin plankton, shine mai yin gasa ga herring. A gefe guda, daskararren sandar da kanta tana zama abinci ga mai shayarwar ruwa, kifaye da dama da kuma ɗamarar fur. A cikin Kogin Bahar Maliya, lokacin damuna, kwamba ya ci shi. Belomorskaya cod a wannan lokacin har ma yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa, yana tashi don ganima zuwa saman ruwa. Kwayoyin Cod suna cike da sandar tuntuɓe. Daga baya, wani babban adadin mawuyacin roba yana fara shigowa cikin su, har ma daga baya, a watan Yuli, soya. Abokan gaba da soya sune manyan jellyfish (Cyanea arctica), an samo su a ciki na herring.

A wurare da yawa, ƙayayuwa suna kamuwa da tsutsotsi. Su rundunar tsaka-tsaki ne na sharar fage (Schistocephalus spp. Daga Cestoda), wanda, a cikin matakin lardin, ya girma zuwa manya-manyan manya-manyan matakan garkuwar kifaye kuma ya zama manya a cikin hanjin tsuntsayen masu cin kifi.

A cikin kamun kifi, sandar ba da baya ita ce ta al'ada "ciyawar kifi".Economicimar tattalin arziƙi ƙanana ce, duk da cewa ana iya amfani da kitsenta a magani, dafa abinci, har ma don samar da linoleum, wasu varnishes da sauran kayayyaki. A Ingila, Holland, Jamus, Gabashin Jamus, jihohin Baltic, Sweden da Finland, ana samun babban adadin kasusuwa masu kafa uku. Suna shirya ƙoshin kifi daga gare ta, narke mai, wanda ake amfani dashi don ma'anar fasaha, har ila yau suna amfani da sandar baya don ƙoshin kifin a cikin tafkunan, kaji, ducks, aladu da taki. A lokacin yin baje-kolin, an shirya miyar abinci, da wainar kifi da sauran abinci daga dutsen a cikin yawancin garuruwan Leningrad da Kronstadt. Bright orange Stleback fat ya ƙunshi kimanin 5%% carotenoids, amfaninta don lura da raunuka ya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako.

A gabar tekun Amurka na Tekun Atlantika, a cikin teku daga Newfoundland zuwa Cape Cod, akasari a cikin ruwa mai zurfi ne kashi biyu mai hade (Gasterosteus wheatlandi), wanda ya kai tsawon 10cm.
Leaƙaƙƙen hudun (an wasa (Apeltes quadracus) gama gari a teku daga Nova Scotia zuwa Virginia. Yana shiga cikin ruwan da aka ambata, a wasu lokutan ana samun sa a cikin tsarkakken ruwa. Ba shi da faranti kashi a bangarorin jikin mutum, fata ba shi da. Yana ciyar da yafi akan plantainton crustaceans. Tana yawanci a cikin sabbin ruwa, kusa da New York daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, kuma a cikin ruwan sanyi na Isle na aan dan lokaci kaɗan. Gida yafi birjik fiye da na duga-dugen kafa uku. Kasa da 2.5 cm a diamita, conical kuma tare da hutu a saman. Namiji ya ɗauki ƙwai, ya saka su cikin ramin ciyawar. Qwai rawaya, tare da diamita game da 1.6 mm. Kamar sauran sanduna, suna manne da igiyoyi. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a zazzabi na 21 ° C, shiryawa tsawon lokacin qwai shine kwanaki 6. Sabbin lardin da aka saki suna da tsawon kusan milimita 4.5, suna kama da lardin da aka zana mai kafa uku, amma sun fi mai launi.

Brood Sanshaidan (Culaea inconstaiis) aka rarraba a kananan koguna na Manyan Tabkuna na Amurka. Tana da 4-6 (yawanci 5) spines a gaban ƙwanƙolin ƙyallen. Tsayin jiki har zuwa 6cm. Wannan nau'in yana da aiki da yawa kuma yana da yawa. Dukkanin magudanan ruwa na maza a lokacin bazara suna da kyawawan kaya na diban ruwan sha, suna gina gida kuma a tsare su kamar maza mai kauri mai kafa uku.

Genan halittar guda tara, ko ƙanana, ratsin ƙwaya (Pungitius) ya haɗa da nau'ikan huɗu da ƙananan ashararorin da aka saba dasu a Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.

Nine allura Stlebackback (R. pungitius) Yana da jikin tsirara mai tsayi da matsakaiciyar ciki tare da bakin ciki mai kauri da kuma gajeren hancinsa; kawai akan caudal peduncle kayan kusa da carinae an rufe su da kananan faranti. Gill membranes yana da haɗin kai kuma ya samar da babban kyauta kyauta a fadin isthmus. Kafin aron yadin narke-peke akwai –an kananan jijiyoyi 7-12 da aka zayyana a cikin tsarin zigzag a fuskoki daban-daban Insarfin ventral an juye su zuwa dunƙule. Tsawon tsayi har zuwa 9cm, yawanci 5-6cm. A cikin lokacin mating, namiji ya zama baki gaba daya.

Ninearwataccen ɗan sandunniyar ƙwararrun ɗan itace-shine mafi tsirrai na arewaci da ingantaccen ruwa fiye da nisan uku Yada ko'ina cikin Tekun Arctic, Baltic da Arewacin Teku, ba ya zuwa kudu gaba da Tsakiyar Turai da New Jersey. Rarraba a cikin Tekun Pasifik na bakin tekun Alaska zuwa tsibirin Kodiak, a cikin kwarin Bering da Okhotsk Teas, kawai ƙananan hukumomin kasar Sin ne (P. pungitius sinensis) da kuma ƙananan hukumomin Sakhalin (P. pungitius tymensis) ana samun su a kudu.

Yana rayuwa galibi cikin ruwa mai kyau, amma kuma yana faruwa ne a cikin ruwan lagoons da na biya. A cikin Jirgin ruwan Bahar Maliya ya kasance cikin Yuni - Agusta. Kamar sauran sanduna, mata da yawa suna kwan ƙansu a cikin gida ɗaya. Amsar da aka kebanta itace: yawan haihuwa shine qwai 350-960. Namiji ya gina gida inda zai kiyaye caviar.

Sabanin tsintsiyar baya mai tsayi guda uku, ya shirya gida a kan mai tsiro na karkashin ruwa, ba a doron ƙasa ba. A gabar tekun Atlantika ta Arewacin Amurka, ana kiran wannan dutsen da ke amfani da allura goma.

Kudancin dutsen (R. platygaster) yana zaune ne a yankuna biyu na bakin tekun Black, Azov da Caspian kuma a cikin ƙananan kogunan da ke gudana a cikin waɗannan tekuna. Ya bambanta sosai, yana samar da adadin siffofin gida da yawa. Tsawanta na yau da kullun shine 3.5-5.5 cm, wani lokacin har zuwa 7 cm. Babu keel a kan tukunyar caudal. Matsayinta - ana samun saƙar Aral Stickgback (R. platygaster aralensis) a cikin Tekun Aral, ƙananan ƙananan Syr Darya, Amu Darya da Chu.

Teku, ko dogon snouted, Stickle Spinachia Yana da siririn jiki mai santsi, mai kauri, babba mai elongated, yana da jijiyoyi masu kaifi biyar a gaba, ƙarancin wutsiya yana da tsawo, mai kauri. A baya akwai ƙananan ƙananan 14-16. Dooral da tsinkaya fins gajere, 5-8 haskoki. Daga saman sautin buɗewa zuwa wutsiya ya ƙetare jerin ƙasƙancin ƙasusuwa. Layin saukar da bakin yawu ya fara a bayan kai, bifurcates kusan nan da nan, yana gudana a bangarorin biyu tare da gindin kashin baya da fin, sannan ya shiga gefen babban gefen hancin. Irin wannan siket ɗin an same su ne a gindin murfin inci da kuma a ƙarshen bangon caudal. A baya da wutsiya tushe masu launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, tarnaƙi zinare ne. A lokacin kiwo, launin maza yana zama shuɗi. Tsawon har zuwa 17-20cm.

Yankin ya zama ruwan dare a gabar Yammacin Turai daga Yankin Biscay zuwa Arewacin Norway, a Tekun Baltic zuwa Gabar Finland. Wannan daskararren kifayen kifayen teku ne. Yana zaune a gefen tudu kuma yana riƙe da karko fiye da sauran ƙaya, baya tara garken tumaki.

Namiji ya gina daga tsinkayen itace daga itacen alkyaza mai girma wanda yakai girman tafin hannun mutum, yana tattara hanyoyin da farin zaren suka lullube shi, kuma yana fitar da mace a wurin, wanda yake sanya kwai. Qwai mai launin amber tare da diamita na 2mm. Tsawancin ci gaban qwai kafin kyanwa shine makonni 3-4. Namiji yana kare mazaunin sa kuma yana kula da ƙwai da aka kwantar da shi, ya kula da shi, ya haifar da kwararar ruwa, da sauransu.
A bakin tekun Burtaniya, ƙwanƙolin sandar ya bayyana da tsarin rayuwar shekara guda.

Maimakon fin, ƙaramin ɗan sandar tare da rataye a bayanta ana rikitar da shi da murmushin da ke rayuwa a arewacin ƙasan. Sunayen waɗannan kifayen kawai ake yarda da su, amma salon rayuwar su ya sha bamban.

Kafaffen shimfidar wuri guda uku

Wadannan kifayen suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai kyau da gawarwakin ruwan gishiri da aka samo a arewacin hemisphere. Spikes suna zaune a cikin Tekun White, kusa da Novaya Zemlya da Kola Peninsula. Manyan sanduna guda uku kuma suka zauna a wuraren daga Baltic, zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Rum. Wannan nau'in kuma yana zaune a Amurka daga New York zuwa Greenland. A Gabas ta Tsakiya, ana rarraba su daga Koriya zuwa Bering Strait. Bugu da kari, waɗannan kifayen ana samo su a Japan da tsibirin Kuril.

Amfanin Stickbacks a cikin yanayi da na mutane

-Aƙƙarfan itace da ke shimfidawa kusan kifi uku ne, suna cin abinci ba kawai, har ma da sauran nau'in kifayen, sabili da haka, a cikin wuraren raye-raye da ke zama a cikin dutsen, yawan sauran mazaunan yana raguwa sosai. Kuma idan aka basu cewa waɗannan kifaye ne marasa ma'ana waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri, rafuffuka, fadama, zaku iya tunanin yadda sauri suke ƙaura sauran nau'ikan kifayen. Additionari ga haka, yayin zubewa, alamomi sun bazu a cikin sabbin jikin ruwa, wanda a cikin sa ake ɗauka asalinsu.

Abun da aka shimfiɗa a ƙira sau uku yana daɗaɗaɗɗa, a hankali yana matsawa jiki, yana rage ƙima ga fin fin ɗin. Rsashin ƙashi da ƙonewa

canzawa zuwa baya na jiki kuma suna ƙarƙashin kowane ɗayan. Mafi yawan kasusuwa masu rauni sau 3-4 a mafi yawanci ana sanya su a gaban fin din bayan, cinyen daya a cikin kowane wasan ventral fin. An sanye su da injin kulle na musamman, saboda abin da aka daidaita su a cikin madaidaiciyar yanayi kuma basa ninka har ma da matsanancin matsin lamba a bakin maharbin. Babbar sandar baya da sikeli, maimakon haka, yawancin mutane ana kiyaye su ta hanyar faranti na gefe ko garkuwa. Dangane da matsayin ci gaban flaps na jikin mutum, ana rarrabe nau'ikan farashi guda uku: wani nau'in abin da jerin adadin faranti suka shimfida wasiku tare da dukkan jikin, ana kiran shi trachurus ana kiran siffar tare da ƙaramin adadin fararen hular leiurus da kuma matsakaici tsakanin su biyun semiarmatus. Spikes masu wuya ne kuma galibi basu da faranti a jiki. Baya ga waɗannan faranti, mutane da yawa suna da keel na ƙananan faranti akan kara caudal. Zai iya faruwa a kowane ɗayan ukun, amma ba a samo shi cikin allura uku-ba tare da faranti a jiki ba. Dukkanin nau'ikan alaƙa na halin yanzu shine batun bincike mai yawa akan matsalolin gado na adadin faranti, alaƙar da ke tsakanin matsayin ci gaban faranti da kashin baya, da kuma dogaro da waɗannan tsarukan akan matsayar mabarnata iri daban daban a jikin ruwa.

Launi na jiki a sanda itace ya bambanta da nau'in kandami da kakar, da canje-canje ga lokacin tsintsar. A cikin hunturu, sandunansu na ciki da ciki waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin teku farin-fari ne, bangon baya da saman kai shudi ne, kuma a lokacin rani baya na kai da saman jiki har zuwa layin ƙarshe na launin shuɗi ne. Itacen ƙaya daga cikin tafkunan tare da ruwan duhu ko tare da ciyayi mai yawa suna da haske na silvery na ciki da duhu (launin ruwan kasa ko shuɗi) baya, duhu duhu suna warwatse a jiki. A wasu wuraren ramuka kuma akwai kifayen baki gaba daya. A lokacin isowar sa, maza masu rarrafe sun zama kyawawa sosai. A baya samu wani haske tint, jiki jingina tare da azurfa, da ciki, lebe, cheeks da tushe na ƙashi a hankali juya ja da ƙarshe kai mai haske ja, launi cinnabar. Idanu ana fentin su da azumin ko zaren lilac-blue. A cikin wasu tafkunan, mazajen da ke bushewa suna zama baƙi baki ɗaya. A cikin mata, kayan da aka dace sun nuna rauni sosai: da yawa manyan wurare masu duhu mara kyau na wani rhombic siffar sun bayyana a baya mai haske, ana jifar su da ƙirar ƙarfe, kuma tarnaƙi suna da shuɗi. Spikes sun kai girman 11-12 cm, mafi yawan kifaye suna da tsawon tsawon cm 4-6.

Dogaye uku da aka shimfiɗa su a cikin tuddai na sassan arewacin tekun Atlantika da Pacific. A cikin Turai, yana zaune ne daga Novaya Zemlya, White Sea, Kola Peninsula da Iceland har zuwa Bahar Rum da Tekun Bahar, kuma yana cikin Tekun Baltic. A cikin Amurka, wuraren zama daga Greenland zuwa New York. An samo ta a bakin tekun Pacific daga Bering Strait zuwa Korea, tana kan tsibirin Kuril da tsibirin Japan, kusa da tekun Amurka - daga Alaska zuwa Kudancin California. A cikin ruwa na Rasha, ya zama ruwan dare gama yankin Turai (ban da rafin Tekun Caspian) da kuma a cikin jikunan ruwa na kwarin Pacific.

A cikin hanyar rayuwa, ana bambanta ruwa, ruwan tsami da kwararar bakin haure. Tsarin ruwan teku yana zaune a kowane yanki na bakin teku kuma yana shayarwa cikin ruwa mai zurfi tare da salinity har zuwa 20-25 ppm. Wannan nau’i sananne ne garemu daga Kandalaksha Bay na White Sea. Spikes yawanci ya fi girma ruwa mai kyau da kuma makamai masu ƙarfi, tun da manema labarai masu ɗaukar hoto sun fi ƙarfi a cikin tekuna. Koyaya, ra'ayin da aka shimfiɗa itace mai kafa uku yana da amintaccen kariya daga maharban ta dabino da farantinsa a bayyane. Idan akwai wasu wadanda ba a san ko su wanene ba a cikin tafkin, masu farauta sukan guji ɓoyewa, amma ba koyaushe ba. Akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da pikes da aka zaɓi ɗanɗano a cikin kandami, ko da yake akwai wadataccen kifin kifi a wurin. Don babban maƙiyin da ke da faɗin buɗe baki, hannayen mai ratsa jiki ba wata matsala ba ce. Kuma wasu kwari waɗanda ke ciyar da ƙananan kifaye (larvae larvae, gwoza ruwa), akasin haka, har ma sun fi son sandunan makamai masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suke da sauƙi a gare su su karɓi da riƙe ta ƙaya sama da soya tare da jiki mai santsi da santsi.

Abubuwan hawa da ke wucewa suna zaune a cikin teku, amma suna haifar cikin lokacin bazara-bazara a cikin ruwa mai kyau - rafi, koguna da tabkuna. Bayan tsallakewa, manya sukan mutu ko komawa zuwa teku da hunturu kusa da bakin teku ko nesa daga gare su akan zurfin zurfin ruwa. Bayan wani lokaci, kananan yara su ma su zame cikin teku. An nuna cewa siffofin marine da na wucewa na iya wucewa juna. Babu shakka, wadancan sandunan da basu da isasshen sarari a cikin filin filayen ruwa. Fresh ruwa Stlebacks rayuwa da kuma asali a cikin ruwa mai kyau ba tare da zuwa teku, ko da ruwan tafasasshen ruwa ba ware da shi. Yawancin kananan kwayoyin halitta suna ciyarwa akan katako mai rauni: yanayin juzu'i na ruwa yadudduka, diatoms, larvae, tsutsotsi, kifayen kifi da na yara, mollus, kwari kwari. Ganyen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin kowane kandami na musamman sun dogara da wadatar abinci don yanayi daban-daban.

Stleleback yakan yi gaba a cikin watan Afrilu-Agusta, gwargwadon yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin tafki. A Kudancin California, ana samun daidaikun masu kiwo a duk shekara. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin ya yi tsami, namiji ya zaɓi wa kansa wuri a ƙasa ya haƙa rami a can. Bayan haka, da ya tattara kananan ciyawar ciyawa ko wasu kayan shuka a bakinsa, sai ya lasa kasan da fossa tare dasu, yana gyara shi da gamsar da gamsai wanda kodan ya samar.

asirce daga budewar halittar. Sannan namiji yana ginawa ta hanya guda ɗaya gefen bangon gida, sannan tukunyar. Bayan wannan, ya sanya madaidaiciyar tsari, yana ba da ƙarin tsari na yau da kullun, kusan ƙirar siffa, shimfiɗa ciki da kwantar da gefuna. A lokaci guda, namiji yayi saurin rikicewa daga gida duk kwari da sauran kifayen. Yawancin lokaci yakan kai hari ga baƙon da sauri jefa kuma, idan bai yi gudu ba, ya cije shi ko, ya kama wutsiyarsa, ya ja shi daga ƙasa mai tsaro. A yayin gudana tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan su, ba a amfani da kashin baya.

Don aikin shimfidar guraben kwari, mafi yawan bangarorin ruwa ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta, an zaɓi gaban ciyayi da ƙasa mai laushi. Yawanci, nests suna cikin zurfin santimita 20-50. Mace ba sa yin kowane bangare a cikin aikin kuma su kusanci gida kawai a ƙarshen aikin ginin. A wannan lokacin, namiji yakan daina yin magana da ƙarfi ga mace, kamar yadda yake ga baƙin baki. Lokacin da mace ta bayyana, ya matsa zuwa wurinta, yana yin rawar “zigzag”: jerin tsalle-tsalle daga da kuma daga mace. Kowane tsalle daga mace alama ce ta gayyatar zuwa wurinta, kuma tsalle ga mace wani ɓangare ne na ɗabi'un azzaluman maza. A wannan yanayin, bakin namiji yana buɗe, kuma ƙaya tana daidaita. Mace da ta manyanta ta ɗauki matsayin shugaban inaƙwalwa don amsa wannan rawar. Namiji yana iyo zuwa gida, yana jan mace tare da shi, kuma yana nuna mata ƙofar zuwa gida. Matar tana “birgima” yayin da ta shiga gida, da sauri ta tura hancinta a gefunan. Bayan mace ta hadiye ƙwai, namiji zai yi sauri ya zama ya fitar da matar daga inda take. Sannan namiji ya ci gaba da aikin iyaye: yana tura kwai da ya hadu da shi zurfi cikin gida, ya matse shi zuwa gindinsa, ya murkushe shi, ya sanya ya yi laushi, sannan ya tsawaita mazaunin da kuma ƙwanƙwasa ƙofar don haka sauran ƙwai na gaba ba su shimfiɗa kai tsaye a kan wanda ya gabata ba, amma yana daɗaɗa dangane da farkon. Duk wannan lokacin, namiji yakan yakan ta da gida tare da motsawa da hakoran jikin ta. A wannan lokacin, yana da zafin rai kuma baya kula da ɗayan mata. Amma, bayan kimanin awa daya, bayan kammala aikinsa, namiji ya sake komawa cikin ladabi kuma a cikin kwana ɗaya zai iya tattarawa har zuwa 6-7 a cikin mazaunin.

Bayan an cika gida, mace ta daina nuna sha'awar namiji, kuma ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gaba daya. Yana motsawa daga gida kawai don ɗan gajeren nesa kuma yana kishin shi daga duk abokan gaba, a lokaci-lokaci yana hurawa, daukeshi da cin ƙwai. Wannan gadi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-14, har sai kifayen da aka ƙare suka bar gida. Kimanin mako guda namiji zai kula da yara masu ruwa marasa amfani, suna ƙoƙarin su riƙe ta a gida.

Mace sa layli a cikin rabo a cikin maza na daban. Servingaya daga cikin bautar, ya dogara da girman mace, na iya ƙunsar daga ƙwai 20 zuwa 400, da jimlar haihuwa a kowace kakar - har zuwa qwai 1400. A lokacin haila, maza da mata na iya shiga cikin haihuwa har sau 10. A wasu alƙaluma, bayan yaduwar farko, yawancin mutane suna mutuwa. Gabaɗaya, kusoshin suna rayuwa shekaru 1-5, amma yawanci shekaru 2-3. Da yawa daga cikinsu, har da kananan yara, kan zama wadanda ke fama da kifayen dabbobi da sauran dabbobi, gami da kwari da tsuntsaye.

Fishingimar kamun kifin mai tsalle-tsalle guda uku ƙanƙane. Ana amfani dashi don sanya gari da ƙoshin mai, ana amfani dashi a magani don kula da raunuka da ƙonewa.

Hakanan ana samun ɓoyayyiyar kusoshi tara a cikin ruwan mu, wanda a gaban ƙwanƙolin dorsal yawanci 7-12 ne (da wuya 6 ko 13) kashin baya da aka gabatar ta fuskoki daban-daban. Na waɗannan nau'ikan, mafi yaɗu tara-allura ko ƙarami, mai rarrafe(Harshen Pungitius), suna zaune a tsibirin da jikkunan ruwa masu tsaunuka da ruwan teku na gabar tekun Arctic da kuma arewacin arewacin tekun Atlantika da Pacific. A cikin kasarmu, wannan nau'in ba ya cikin rafi ne kawai a cikin kwarin Tekun Baƙi da na Caspian; a gefen Tekun Pacific, wani katako mai tsayi guda tara wanda ya kai bakin Kogin Amur, ana samunsa ko'ina cikin Sakhalin, a Tsibirin Shantar da Kuril. Siffar ta rabin hanya tana zaune ne a gabar gabar teku, kuma tana yaduwa a cikin lagos da keɓaɓɓu, ko kuma ta tashi cikin ingantaccen ruwa. Maza kuma sun gina gida daga ciyayi, amma ba a kasan tafki ba, amma a ƙasa a tsakanin tsirrai. Baya ga gida don caviar, namiji yana gina gida na biyu wanda ke sama da farkon - “shimfiɗar jariri” don larvae. Wani nau'in ruwa mai tsarkakakken ruwa yana rayuwa akan Sakhalin - Sakhalin mai tsinkaye tara (P. tymensis). Ta fi son wuraren zama ko koguna tare da rauni mai halin yanzu, gaɓar ciyawa da yawa, inda take jagorancin rayuwa mai ɓoye. Sinanci, ko Amur, -an murguda mai tsayi (P. sinensis) An samo shi a bakin tekun Pacific na Asiya daga yammacin Kamchatka zuwa Koriya da Bohai Bay a China, a kan tsibiran Shantar, Kuril da Japanawa da kuma a Sakhalin. Wannan nau'in ruwa ne wanda yake fifita jikkunan ruwa tare da rauni mai mara kyau. A cikin dukkan mahara-9 masu rarrabewar maza, yayin da aka lalata, maza zasu zama koko-baki mai fararen fata, kuma a cikin ƙananan kudanci takaddara(P. platygaster), gama gari a cikin kwandunan Baki, Caspian da Aral

Tekuna, ƙwanƙwasawa na haskakawa ne kawai daga baya na kashin ciki, suna fuskantar mace, yayin da namiji zai kai ta zuwa gida. Kudancin kusurwa na rayuwa cikin mawuyacin wurare da kuma tekuna, tekuna sabo, koguna da koguna kuma yana jagorantar rayuwa ta ɓoye a cikin ciyayi mai yawa, inda maza ke gina mazaunin su.

A cikin Tekun Baltic, akwai kuma sandar teku, ko jijiyoyi masu tsawo, gama gari a yammacin tekun Atlantika (daga Norway zuwa Bayu Biscay). (Spinachia spinachia). An samo nau'ikan samfurori na wannan nau'in a cikin Luga Bay. Wannan kifin, wanda ya kai tsawon 15-20 cm, yana da jiki mai daɗewa tare da adadi mai yawa (40-42) na faranti na gefe. Baya ga kan layi na kusa, akwai wasu maganganu na kasusuwa a saman manya da ƙananan bangarorin jikin caudal, wanda ke samar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafar kasusuwa zuwa wutsiya. Dorsal spines yawanci 15, ana bi da su ta fuskoki daban-daban. Wannan sandar ta zauna a cikin ruwan teku ne da jinkirin daga karfe 5 zuwa 35 na yamma, kuma ya halaka a cikin ruwa mai tsafta. Namiji ya gina gida daga cikin algae a ɓangaren gabar teku.

Yana zaune ruwayen Rasha da kuma wakilin wani dangin Pimperous - ban gajeren wando mai-ruwa (Hypoptychidae). Gerataccen ɗan gajeren ƙwayar cuta (Hypoptychus dybowskii) tartsatsi a Tekun Japan, a kudancin Tekun Okhotsk, kusa da tsibirin Shikotan da kuma arewacin gabar Japan a Tekun Pacific. Wannan kadan ne (har zuwa 9.5 cm tsayi) kifayen teku tare da cikakkiyar gawar elongated jiki da yawa da aka yada tare da kananan duhu aibobi. Ba ta da ƙushin iska, amma an ɗora daga bakin da ƙugu zuwa ƙashin jikin mutum kuma suna a ƙarƙashin juna. Foran farin kwantar da kai, an jingine, idanu suna da girma, baki tare da cin hanci da yawa. Tsakanin tsakiyar ciki, daga ƙashin kansa na wucin gadi, ana iya ganin fatar fatar fatar jiki a zahiri. Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin rukunin ruwa a kasan, a cikin zurfin mara zurfi, inda ake ajiye shi a cikin kananan garken.

Fishe. - M.: Astrel. E.D. Vasilieva. 1999.

Kundin sani Encyclopedic F.A. Brockhaus da I.A. Rayuwar Dabbobin Efrona

TARIHIN ANNABI - Duk dabbobi dole ne su sami abinci, su kare kansu, su kiyaye iyakokin yankin, neman abokan tarayya, ku kula da zuriya. Duk wannan ba zai yiwu ba idan da babu tsarin da hanyoyin sadarwa, ko sadarwa, dabbobi .. ... ... Encyclopedia na Collier

Rayuwa

Ba za a iya kiran mai farashi farar hula ba. Yayi haushi sosai. Don haka kifayen da ke tare da shinge, ba sa cin sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye, kuna buƙatar sanya shi tare da dangi.

Pufferfish sun fi son ɓoyewa a cikin inuwa. Suna aiki da maraice da dare. Hedgehog kifi sau da yawa suna ɓoye a cikin algae. Idan akwai kogo a cikin akwatin kifayen, yana iyo a cikinsu.

Tetradon ya shirya don haihuwa lokacin da ya cika shekara 1 da haihuwa. Zai fi kyau ba a sa maza biyu a cikin karamin kanduna ba, kamar yadda yaƙi don yankin zai fara. Don yin nasara cikin nasara, shuka tsiro, hornwort ko cryptocoryne. Don motsa ƙwayar cuta, an ciyar da Pufferfish tare da katantanwa da nama. Mutane daban-daban suna girma a zazzabi na + digiri 28.

Ya kamata a sanya kifin Hedgehog a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da dangi, saboda zai iya cin sauran kifin

Yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ake bambance tetradon mace daga namiji. Mace ta fi girma, ta faɗi aibobi a jiki. A farkon fara'a, namiji yakan farauto mace. Idan ba ta nuna halin mutuntaka ba, ma'aurata suna iyo zuwa ƙasa kuma suna ɓoye a bayan lokacin farin ciki.

Fasalin halayen

Stickaƙƙarfan magana da ke rayuwa a cikin manyan ruwayen ruwa (teku) sun gwammace su sami hanyar rayuwa kawai, kusan ba tare da haɗuwa da 'yan uwansu ba.

Kasancewa masu cin naman dabbobin, sun fi son ɓoye fiye da farauta a bayyane, suna fatan beran da ke kusa da wurin.

A cikin yankunan bakin tekun, kifaye suna tarawa a makarantu ne kawai a lokacin da ta dace, kuma sauran watanni 9 - 10 - cikakken 'yanci na motsi tare da tekun.

Fresh ruwa spikes suna da yanayin daban-daban daban-daban - suna makaranta kifi kuma ba sa yin nesa da kewayon su. Sun fi son kasancewa kusa da yankin gaɓar teku, inda ake samun wadataccen abinci.

Yadda ake kama dusar kankara?

Kifi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a ɗakunan ajiya da yawa kuma ba shi da ƙimar masana'antu.

Ga 'yan wasa-masunta, ba ta zama manufa ta musamman ba, amma ga waɗanda suke so su zauna kusa da bakin gaci - kyakkyawar kamawa, saboda maƙulli maƙwabta ce kuma tana iya biɗa duka.

An kama sandar itace a kan kayan ciyarwa da kuma kan kayan kan ruwa. Babban abu shine cewa akwai katako - tsutsa ko ƙwayar cuta. A cikin hunturu, tana ɗorafin kwalayen marmushe da zubar jini.

A wasu halayen, da son rai ya dauki dabbobi “mara nauyi” ko kan “karamin gidan rai”.