Ruwan Bird yana nufin ƙaramar sonan rubuce-rubuce na umarnin wuce gona da iri na dangi, wanda a yau aka fi saninsa da sunan zaryanka.

Greatan rairayi da karin waƙoƙin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun taɓa sha'awar manyan mawaƙa daga ƙasashe daban-daban, saboda haka ana maimaita bayanan abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin ayoyi.

Abokan 'yan uwansu na nesa sune abubuwan da suka shafi kansu, yayin da masana kimiyya a halin yanzu suka san iri biyu kawai na waɗannan tsuntsayen: Robin na Japan da na talakawa.

Abubuwan Robin da mazauninsu

Bayanin ruwan robin Zai dace mu fara da gaskiyar cewa wannan tsuntsu yana da girman matsakaici kuma girmansa a bayyane yake da na talakawa. A tsayin daka, waɗannan tsuntsaye sun kai santimita 12, kuma ajalin fikaɗe sun bambanta daga 19 zuwa 22 santimita.

Girman waɗannan ƙananan wakilai na dangin blackbird yawanci yakai daga gram 16 zuwa 24. Beak, kamar idanu - baƙar fata mai ɗorewa. Maza da mata sune mallakar abu guda, duk da haka, launin maza yana da haske sosai. Kallon robin tsuntsu mai hoto zaka iya ganin cewa tushen yawancin wannan nau'in launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa ne da ruwan zaitun.

Abun cikin tsuntsayen fararen fata ne, kuma launi na gaban kai da kirji yawanci ja mai haske. 'Ya'yan tsuntsayen masu launin shuɗi ne, kuma yara kanana galibi sune masu ruwan lemuka.

Za a iya samun zaryanok na gama gari a duk faɗin Turai, kazalika a Arewacin-Yammacin Afirka, yammacin Siberiya da Caucasus. Zaryanki na Jafananci suna zaune cikin Japan daban daban kuma a wasu yankuna da lardunan kasar Sin.

Waɗannan tsuntsayen waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin latitude kudu suna bambanta ta hanyar rayuwa, waɗanda kuma suke rayuwa a arewa ƙaura ne. Zaryanka, da ke zaune a yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya na Turai, sun yi ƙaura zuwa yammacin Turai, Minan Asiya ko yankuna na arewacin Afirka a lokacin sanyi.

Daga lokacin hunturu, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna dawowa lokacin bazara. Da farko, maza sunzo, waɗanda ke cikin sauri don mamaye mazaunin gida, sannan mata su shiga tare. Sau da yawa mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya samun zaryanok tsakanin gandun daji iri-iri, daɗaɗɗun dazuka, da kuma a cikin wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.

Tsuntsu ba ya tsoron duk wani mutum, saboda haka yakan mallaki birni a bude sararin samaniya saboda lokacin sanyi. A ƙarshen karni na sha tara, sun so su kafa masana'antu a cikin New Zealand da Ostiraliya, amma wannan gwajin ya ƙare cikin gazawa.

Duk da cewa wadannan 'yan uwan ​​macijin basu da tsoron mutane ko kadan. sayi ruwan robin Yau yana da wuya, saboda ba su da tushe sosai a zaman talala. A cewar labarin adabin Turai, zaryanka ce ta rera waƙoƙi ga Yesu, wanda yake mutuwa akan gicciye, tare da waƙoƙin ban mamaki da yake ƙoƙarin sauƙaƙa azabarsa.

Wani tsohuwar turanci ta Burtaniya ta gaya mana cewa wannan ƙaramin tsuntsu ya yi ƙoƙari ya taimaki Almasihu ya cire kambi na ƙaya, saboda haka kirjinta yana da jan tabo a matsayin alamar jinin Yesu. Britishan Ingila sun yi imani da cewa wannan shine dalilin da yasa zaryanki akan ƙetaren Misty Albion suka fara rera wakokinsu kafin Kirsimeti.

Halin da rayuwar robin

Robin - tsuntsu mai ƙaura, wanda ta yanayinsa tsayayyen tsari ne mai ɗorewa. Ba ta son kawai salon rayuwa kawai, har ma jiragen sama na solo.

Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kwayar halitta mai tasowa, kuma suna iya kaiwa ga maƙwabtansu waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kasancewa a yankinsu. Ayyukan tsuntsaye suna faruwa ne da yawa a cikin rana, amma, ana iya same su a daren da ba a haske ba ko a wuraren da aka haskaka haskoki a hanyoyin taurari na dare.

Ji robin tsuntsaye zai yiwu da yamma ko da dare. A lokacin matane, maza sukan yi ta raira waƙa, suna rayar da mata da nasu saututikan sautin magana. Zaryanki ta fi son samar da gidaje kai tsaye a ƙasa ko kusa da farfajiyar ta.

Sun fi son wuraren kamar su rami, rarar robobi, dunƙule a tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi ko ma watsi da mayukan da dabbobi masu shayarwa suka bari. Don ginin ganuwar gida, kuryanka tsuntsaye suna amfani da gansakuka, da ganyaye da rassa.

A sararin samaniya na gida mafi yawanci ana rufe shi da gashin fuka, ulu, gashi, madaukai da asalin bakin ciki. Robin koyaushe yana gina ingantacciyar kariya daga ruwan sama akan mahalli nasa ko kuma ya sanya farin ciki wanda damshi baya shiga.

Abincin Robin

Abincin Zaryanka ya ƙunshi yawan milipedes, gizo-gizo, gwoza, tsutsotsi da kowane nau'in mollus. Binciken abinci na waɗannan tsuntsayen an maida hankali ne akan saman duniya.

Hakanan, roban fashi ba su damu da cin kowane irin berries da tsaba ba, waɗanda mutane ke yawan ciyar da su a wuraren shakatawa na birni da murabba'ai. Mafi yawanci, Zaryanka yana son irin waɗannan 'yan itacen beri kamar su blackberries, currant, elderberries da ash.

Sake buguwa da Rayuwa ta Robin

Kiwo a cikin wadannan tsuntsayen na faruwa sau biyu a shekara, kuma a ɗayan macen yana ɗaga cikin kwayoyi biyar zuwa bakwai, wanda a makonni biyu bayan haka ake haihuwar offspringa youngan yara.

Hoto sune gidan tsuntsaye

Kajin "bornan jarirai" ba su da amfanuwa, amma bayan kusan rabin wata sai suka fara barin gida. A cikin kwanakin farko na kajin, kajin suna da matukar kaifin hankali kuma suna lalata larvae da caterpillars na kwari masu cutarwa, wadanda suke ba da hidimtawa masu mahimmanci ga orchards da groves.

Duk da saurin lalataccen ciyawa, wanda a ciki yake zaryanki, tsuntsayen sun sami nasarar canza wurin su kuma suna dacewa da sabbin yanayi. Saboda haka, gaskiyar lalacewar gandun daji bai shafi yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen ba.

Mutuwa tsakanin matasa tayi tsayi sosai, ganin kajin na da kwalliya, kuma yawancinsu basa rayuwa suyi shekara daya. Idan zaryanka zai iya rayuwa a farkon mawuyacin rayuwarsa, to muna iya faɗi tare da babban ƙarfin yuwuwar cewa zai rayu har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyu.

Me yasa irin wannan suna

Wannan masoyin yana da sunaye da yawa. An kira ta da robin don wani farin haske mai kyau a ƙirjinta. Kuma akwai sigar da ba kawai wannan takaddara ta wuta za a zargi kanta ba. Tsuntsu ya fi son karkatar da gida a cikin hadaddun rasberi, Saboda haka ruwan.

A kimiyance, wannan mace mai jan-ja mai kyau ita ake kira da zaryanka. Domin tana waka safe da yamma. Mawaƙin da ba shi da makawa wani lokaci yakan ba da kide kide da yawa a daren, kafin a fara sabuwar safiya, wanda ake gabatarwa a ranar, da sanarwar farkon ranar. Tsuntsu yana da kyakkyawan gani, kuma yana da kyau da dare.

Bayanin zaryanka

A zamanin da, masu kiyaye hadisai sun yarda cewa robin tsuntsaye wanda ya zauna kusa da gidan yana kawo farin ciki. A cewar almara, ta tsare gidan daga gobara, walƙiya da sauran matsaloli. Lalacewar wuraren sheƙan Zaryanki, in ya yiwu, an hukunta shi gwargwadon ƙarfin dokar.

Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan ƙauyukan sun haɗu da ƙauyuka da kopach, yayin da suke haƙa ƙasa. Tsuntsayen da ba sa tsoron ƙungiyar bil adama cikin natsuwa suna jira har sai an cika ƙasa. Lokacin da mutum ya tafi, robin yayi sauri ya ci abinci akan tsumman tsutsotsi da larvae.

Ga wanda robin waka

Wannan ba a gare mu mutane ba. Robin trill sune saƙonnin aure da suke musayar kansu a tsakanin su, wani nau'in gayyatar melodic don ƙirƙirar iyali. Maza suna cikin farin ciki suna zaɓa, yi fito, suna gayyatar mata kuma suna fitar da matsayinsu. Kuma idan sun ga masu fafutuka suna yin shinge a kan yankinsu na alfarma, za su tsoratar da kansu cikin fada kuma suna bayar da tsauri.

A sakamakon irin wannan mummunar dangantakar, to 10% na tsuntsaye suna mutuwa. Saboda haka, ga alama, robyan-maza sun fara girma fiye da na mace. Fushinsu bai san iyaka ba! Suna farin cikin kai hari koda da tunaninsu.

Mata suna kula uwaye mata

Mace na iya sa ƙwai da ƙwai sau 2 a lokacin bazara. Iyaye mata ne masu maye - sun tashi sau 300 a rana tare da ganima don ciyar da jariransu. Amma daddies basu da hannu a wannan aikin. Yara ne kawai ke ciyar da yara.

Kuma insan fashi suna maye gurbin uwaye da ƙananan cuckoos, waɗanda aka jefa cikin gida ta hanyar iyayen mata masu ƙyalƙyali. Kuma irin wannan aikin mace mai girman kai zaryanki yana yin ta fiye da sauran tsuntsayen. Wannan abin da suke masu wahalar aiki ne!

Alarfin Altru

Robins suna tafe sosai kuma an zage su tare! Tsuntsaye, duk da cewa karami ne, suna da karfi sosai, kuma suna iya tashi nesa mai nisa. Yanayin mummunan yanayi ne kawai zai iya lalata ƙarfin su. Zasu iya mutuwa daga bambancin zafin jiki. Kuma halayensu abin mamaki ne. Kodayake suna zaune shi kaɗai, koyaushe suna ɗokin taimakawa ba danginsu kawai ba, har ma da nau'in rauni ..

Robin tsuntsu: wanda aka fi sani da zaryanka, yana da nono mai zaki kuma wannan tsuntsu yana zaune kusan duk duniya.

Wannan tsuntsu a cikin mutane gama gari ake kira zaryanka. Ana iya samun karamin tsuntsu a rayuwar yau da kullun sau da yawa. Kodayake ainihin mazauninta shine gandun daji, ana iya ganinta a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.

An bambanta Robin da babban gudun sa. Tana da himma sosai kuma kusan ba zata zauna a wuri guda, tana yawo cikin ruwa mai ɗimbin yawa don neman kwari. Zaryanka tsuntsu ne mai ban sha'awa. Kuna iya kallon ta da rauni na tsawon awanni kuma ku koyi abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa game da rayuwar tsuntsu tare da kyakkyawan nono.

Za'a iya samun robin tsuntsaye a kowane lungu na Rasha, gami da Siberiya da kuma yankuna na arewacin kasar. Za a iya samun Zaryanok a Afirka da Asiya. Ba su zaune a Amurka da Ostiraliya, kodayake a lokaci guda sun yi kokarin sasanta su.

A farkon karni na 20, sun sake yin kokarin yada robin a duk duniya. A wannan karon jihar Oregon ta zama wurin zama. Amma a wannan lokacin, yunƙurin bai yi rayuwa ba har zuwa burin masu sha'awar masana kimiyya.

Don haɓaka mulkin waɗannan tsuntsayen ban mamaki buqatar dazuzzuka tare da rassa mai yawa. Koda Zaryanka ta zabi filin shakatawa ko wani lambu a matsayin gidanta, to za a iya mamaye ta musamman a wuraren da ke da dazuzzuka masu yawa. Yana cikin rassa mai yawa da zaryanka ke yin gida don kansa kuma yana ƙin zuriya.

Rayuwar rayuwar yankuna daban daban na mazauna daban. Robin da ke zaune a sassan sassan duniya yana haifar da hoto mai rauni, ba tare da jiragen sama ba a lokacin hunturu. Tsakanin 'yan arewa, da bambanci, suna iyawa zuwa rayuwar rayuwar nomanci. Sukan tashi, kamar haɗiye, zuwa yankuna masu ɗumi don hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara sun sake komawa gida.

Robin ba zai haifi zuriya a ƙasashen waje ba. Ko da a cikin dogon jirgi zuwa wurare masu dumin zafi, tabbas sun dawo kuma daga nan ne kawai za su kyankar kajin.

Siffar

Robins ƙanana ne ƙima. Tsawon jikinsu baya wuce santimita 16. Wani sifofi na zaryanka shine akwai tabo mai zaki a ƙirjinrufe dukkan kirjin.

Wings da wutsiya suna da kusan cm 7. Girman wannan karamin tsuntsu shima ƙarami ne, gram 22 kawai. Baya ga jiragen sama, tsuntsu sau da yawa motsa a cikin karamin tsalle.

Mafi yawan mazaunin shine lokacin farin ciki. Saboda ayyukanta, robin yana cikin motsawa koyaushe, yana nazarin sararin da ke kewaye da shi, kuma a lokaci guda yana tsunduma cikin neman abinci don kansa da kajin sa.

Zaryanka ba ta tsoron mutane ko kadan, a maimakon haka, ta kan lura da su. Sau da yawa akwai lokuta idan mazaunin bazara a cikin lambunsa ya haƙa ƙasa, kuma tsuntsu mai motley yana tsalle kewaye da shi a cikin tsammanin tsutsa ta gaba.

Robins suna nuna aikinsu da rana, amma sun fara waka ko da sanyin safiya, kafin zafin ya shigo.A ruwan robin kyau sosai murya, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun sauti a cikin dabbobin daji.

Kamar tsuntsayen da yawa, namiji ana ɗaukarsa kyakkyawan mawaƙi. Amma mace ba ta da karanci a gare shi cikin muryarsa, duk da cewa sautinsu ba karamin talauci ba ne.

Maza tare da tabarma orange suna halin karuwar zalunci. Su, waxanda suke da ƙarfi, suna kiyaye ba wai kawai matayensu ba, har ma da yankin da yake zaune. Sau da yawa a tsakanin maza akwai matsalolinda zasu iya zama ɗayan ɗayansu. Abin da ya sa tsuntsaye fi son zama cikin iyalaimaimakon haɗuwa cikin wani yanki.

Robins suna fallasa su ga haske, wanda zai rikitar da su. Yana faruwa koyaushe cewa fitila ko haske a cikin taga zai iya sa su rera wakar tasu bayan magariba.

Kawai kalli robin sau daya kuma ka tuna dashi tsawon rayuwar ka. Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu, a cikin farjin abin da tabo mai launin ruwan lemo, tare da doguwar launin ruwan hoda da baki mai duhu, zai bar alama a kwakwalwar kowane mutum har abada. Tsuntsu karami ne wanda zai iya dacewa da dabino biyu na yaro.

Gashin tsuntsaye a cikin babban kai na kai, baya da fuka-fuki yawanci launin shuɗi ne. Irin wannan canza launi yana taimakawa wajen haɗu da ruwan robin tare da andan ganye kuma abokan gaba basu lura dashi ba. Gama gaban tsuntsun yana da halayyar ruwan launi. Yana yadawa daga goshi zuwa kirji.

Kamar tsuntsayen da yawa, mace mai lamba zaryanka tana da launi mai cikakken launi fiye da mace. Amma duka mutane suna da doguwar paws wanda zai basu damar taka rawa cikin ciyawar.

Gefen yana da karami. Pretty kaifi. Zai dace don kama ƙananan kwari waɗanda suke cikin abincin waɗannan tsuntsayen cute.

An sanya paws sanannu da kaifi, tare da taimakon abin da robin ya rataye reshe kuma ya tsaya akan sa. Wutsiya ƙanana ce kuma lebur. Ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, launi koyaushe iri ɗaya ne, ban da jikewa. Za a iya bambanta mace daga namiji da girma. Mata sun yi karanci.

Berries da aka fi so:

• dutse ash
• currant
• blackberry.

A kaka da damuna, tsuntsaye ba sa raina cin abinci daga hannun mutane. Zasu yi shi da yardan rai ba tare da tsoro ba. Tunda sun fahimci sosai cewa a irin wannan lokaci na shekara yana da wahala ku sami abincin da kuka fi so don kanku.

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi ƙauna da ƙaunataccen abinci sun haɗa da ƙwaiƙar ƙwayaye. Iyali ɗaya ne kawai a lokacin bazara wanda ya isa ya rushe duk tururuwa a yankin. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, masanan lambu masu gogewa suna ƙoƙarin yin lamuran waɗannan tsuntsayen zuwa ga site.

Robin tsuntsu. Bayani, fasali, nau'in halitta, salon rayuwa da mazaunin ruwan robin

Wannan karamin halittar fuka-fukin reshen halittar dangi ne mai kwari, amma girman sa ma yayi karami (kusan 15 cm). Irin wannan pichuga, tare da rago, hadiya, titmouse, starlings da sauran wasu tsuntsayen da suka zama ruwan dare a duniyar tamu, masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar su ga Passeriformes - mafi yawancin ƙwararrun yankuna da ake dasu.

Robin Yana da launi mai kyau, mai sananne da walwala, wanda ke ba shi daidaituwa da bambanci. A saman murfin gashinta daga ƙusa zuwa wutsiya shine ruwan zaitun ko launin toka mai launin shuɗi, gefan kai, kirji, makogwaro da goshi ja-ja, ciki kusan fari.

Amma wannan kusan kwatancin kwatankwacinsu ne, saboda kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsuntsayen yayi kama da wasu na musamman. Kuma wannan bambanci a cikin launuka na kabeji sun dogara ne ba kawai akan jinsi ba, har ma da shekarun wani mutum daban-daban, har ma da mazauninsa.

An yi ado kirjin 'yan fashi tare da tabo mai haske, amma ya bambanta sosai cikin tsari da inuwa mai launi. A cikin maza, yana da launi mai cike da launi. Irin wannan "rigar riguna", ta yin ado da maza, ta mamaye wani yanki mai yawa, yana yaduwa daga kirji ya girma har zuwa wuyansa kuma ya kara zuwa kai.

Tsuntsayen kudu suna da haske mai haske.Haka kuma, ba tare da la'akari da mazauninsu ba, kawai tsuntsaye masu girma da balagagge suke bayyanawa ta hanyar jan-resasted “Samari” na saurayi, har da makogwaro, gefuna da fuka-fukai ba alama ce da take da mulufi, har ma da launin shuɗi.

Takalmansu na kananan tsuntsaye suna wasa da launin ruwan kasa, kuma kasa tayi kyau. Wannan launi ne mai kariya wacce ba ta tsayayya da tushen yanayin yanayin, wanda aka tsara don ɓoye matasa marasa ƙwarewa daga haɗari.

Koyaya, kayan da suka dace na mata na iya zama mai haske kamar na mazan da suka manyanta. Kuma wannan yana bayyana ma'anar asirin cikin halitta. Akwai zaton cewa bisa la’akari da tabo da aka ambata a baya, tsarin sa da kuma haskakawarsa, yan fashi kan tantance shekarun abokin, jininsa, bayyanar sa, yarda ya aura, da kuma karban sauran bayanan da suke da matukar amfani ga sadarwa ta tsuntsu.

Kayan kaji sun san mahaifiyarsu ta wasu launuka masu launuka wadanda a bayyane suke a bayyane, suna fahimtar yadda suke nuna halayensu yayin da suke kusantar da mazaunin abu mai tashi: suna kururuwa da buɗe beransu don tsammani na jiran abinci mai ɗorewa, ko zaune a hankali, suna tsoron jan hankalin wani baƙon da yake shakkar baƙon.

Abubuwan launuka masu canza launi suna dauke da bayani: me yasa ake kiran robin haka? Fuskar gashin fuka-fukai masu launuka iri iri a bayyane yake nesa, daga ciki ya yanke zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma ya kasance a cikin maganar ɗan adam.

Akwai imani cewa wannan wani nau'in 'alama ce ta Kristi' - digogin jininsa, kamar yadda tsohuwar almara ta faɗi. Wataƙila saboda ɗan Burtaniya ya ɗauki jan-breasted pichugs wani nau'in keɓaɓɓen Kirsimeti, kuma a wannan biki an buga hotunan waɗannan tsuntsayen a kan katunan gaisuwa.

Saboda dalilai iri ɗaya, tsuntsayen fuka-fukan ana kiransu zaryankami. A wasu ƙasashe, ana ɗaukarsu alama ce ta hasken rana. Wani sunan barkwanci na pichugs kuma sananne ne kuma yaɗu: karnukan karnuka.

Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da baiwa ta ban mamaki. Su manyan mashahurai ne, masu iya yin sautuna masu kyau sosai. Kuma a cikin maganganun kalamai, akwai kowane dama ba kawai don yin gasa tare da kayan aiki na dare ba, har ma da ba su farawa.

Waƙar mawaƙa kazalika da launi irin abinda aka dasa su, yana daukar wasu bayanai na wadannan tsuntsayen. Wadannan sakonni an tsara su ne don nuna iyakokin yankunan da aka mamaye, don jawo hankalin abokan tarayya a cikin lokacin matse, sun kuma rufaffen bayanan da yawa, masu fahimta ne kawai ga wadannan halittu na musamman.

Saurari waƙar robin

Ana iya jin irin wannan waƙar a kowane lokaci na shekara. Kawai, alal misali, a cikin faɗuwar waɗannan sauti zaka ji baƙin ciki da tashin zuciya ga kwanakin dumi mai ban mamaki. Amma a cikin bazara, waƙoƙi suna zama da ƙarfi, masu haske kuma suna da farin ciki.

Irin waɗannan sautuna suna da aiki sosai a gundumar alfijir lokacin fitowar rana, kuma ana jin su a safiyar yamma lokacin faɗuwar rana. Wannan shine wani dalili don kiran irin waɗannan tsuntsaye zaryanka ko, a wasu yanayi, gari ya waye.

Yana da al'ada al'ada a danganta waɗannan wakilan masarautar da aka wakilta ta hanyar asalin murkushe 'dangin wasu ƙananan tsuntsayen da ake kira "tsuntsayen tsuntsu". Koyaya, a cikin bayyanar, robin ya fi kama da kayan baccin dare, kawai saukowa daga cikin jiki ba ya faɗi tsaye.

Saboda wannan da sauran dalilai, da yawa daga masana kimiyyar lissafi suna rarrabe wannan nau'in azaman asalin zariyaok. Ba kamar relativesan uwansu na nesa baƙi, za su iya yin fahariya da ƙarfi, dogayen kafafu da kafaɗun dabbobi marasa ƙarfi.

Gashin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen karami ne, mai kyau, mai kaifi, baƙar fata a ƙarshen, idanu baƙi ne, ƙanƙane, gurɓataccen abu ne mai girma, cin amana na gani da kuma fara'a ta waje ga tsuntsu. Suna da aiki tuƙuru a cikin yanayi, masu aiki da fasaha cikin halayya. Za'a iya ganin ƙarin bayanai akan roban hoto.

Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da haɗin kai a cikin wani nau'in da ya karɓi sunan iri ɗaya: zaryanka (sunan barkwanci "Robin" yakamata a danganta shi ba ga kalmomin kimiyya ba, amma ga shahararrun magana). Amma iri-iri kanta an kasu zuwa wasu kasashe da dama.

Ba duk wakilan su a launi da bayyanar ba daidai da bayanin da aka bayar a baya. Sabili da haka, suna buƙatar halayyar musamman. Amma girmansu kusan iri ɗaya ne kuma yayi daidai da na sama. Kuma nauyin yana gab da kusan 17 grams.

• Zaryanyka na Jafananci mazaunin tsibiri ne na Jafananci, kudanci China, Tsibirin Kuril da Sakhalin. Baya ga abin da aka ambata riga, ana ƙara ƙarin launuka a cikin rigunan fuka-fukin maza na wannan tallafin: shuɗi kan ciki da baya, har da baki a kan fikafikan fuka-fuki. Amma fuka-fukin “matan” daga wannan tallafin ba su da irin waɗannan launuka. Sautunan launin ruwan kasa masu launi iri ɗaya cikin rigunansu.

• Yanan kuriyar zaryanka mai launin fata mai launi ba ta da kama da 'yan uwan ​​da aka ambata a baya. Taushinta da ƙananan ɓangaren fuska a idanu da hanci baki ne. Gashin fuka-fukai masu launin ja suna rufe bayan kai, baya, da fikafikan, kuma ciki mai haske ne. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna raira waƙa kuma suna gina gida a cikin gandun daji na kudancin China da Taiwan, har ma a Japan, saboda mafi yawan ɓangaren tsibirin Ryukyu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiransu Ryukyu nightingales.

• Mountain farin-tailed zaryanka yayi daidai da rarar da ta gabata kawai tana da girman kawai, amma tare da raunin jikin ta yayi kama da kurciya. Launin launuka yana da ban sha'awa, mai haske. Tsarin launi na alkalami an mamaye shi da shuɗi. Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu kadan duhu. Akwai farin ratsi a jiki. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a Caucasus da Siberiya.

• Babban dutse mai launin shuɗi-bulu zaryanka ta fuskoki da yawa daidai yake da launi iri ɗaya ga yawan komputa na baya. Jikinta ya mamaye launuka masu launin shuɗi da shudi. Tana da kama da akuya a fuska, wataƙila saboda launikan rigunan rigarta. Akwai irin wannan tsuntsu a Indonesia, Asiya, Afirka.

• Javanese zaryanka yana da kewayon kama da na waɗanda suka gabata, ban da Afirka kaɗai. Sau da yawa ana samun su a tsibirin Java. Tun da yake mazaunin yankuna masu ɗumi ne, saboda ƙarancin buƙatar yin jiragen sama na hunturu, galibi an zaunar dashi. Launi mai haske ne, wanda yayi dace da halayen tsuntsayen kudanci.

Zaryanka (Eritreahacus rubecula): nau'in, namiji da mace, hoto, murya, bidiyo

Zaryanka (sune 'yan fashi, alfijir ko wayewa) sune Thumbelina na gaske: nauyinsu kawai shine gram 16-18 kuma tsawon jikinsu yakai 15-16 cm A karkashin yanayin yanayin tsuntsu, madaukakin mawaƙa yana ɓoye - tsofaffi suna da muryar kirki wacce zata iya gasa har da daddare.

Umwaya yana da launin zaitun-mai launin toka - wannan ya shafi fuka-fuki, wutsiya da wutsiya. Love, kai da ciki ana fenti ja. Idanu da iris baki ne. A pawsing tsuntsu ne na bakin ciki, amma mai wuce yarda tenacious. Af, Zaryanka ana ɗaukar tsuntsu ce mai tsayi.

Gefen baki ne mai kaifi, ƙarami ne babba.

Abin ban sha'awa, saboda rawanin lavish, zaryanki ya bayyana a matsayin ƙananan bugun ƙarfe, cike yake da yawa, amma wannan shine kawai tsarin rukiyyar.

Halayya da abinci

Robin yana ciyar da ƙananan kwari, gizo-gizo, kwari, kwari. Commonlyarancin kullun, robin ya haɗa da berries ko tsaba a cikin abincin yau da kullun.

Zaryanka wani tsuntsu ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke jagorantar kansa, sabanin kowane hanyar rayuwa. Tsuntsu yana farauta shi kadai, kuma tana ƙaunar yin waka ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba.

Amma zaryanka tsuntsu ne mai fara'a da kwanciyar hankali - zai kusanci mutum ba tare da tsoro ba, yana iya cin abinci daga hannu. Amma saboda wasu dalilai yana ɗaukar wasu tsuntsaye a matsayin magabtansa. Yawancin lokaci zaryanka na iya shiga fada, don kare yankin su.

Babban zalunci maza ne, kuma mata, akasin haka, suna da saukin kai da kulawa. Akwai lokuta lokacin da mace zaryanka ta kula da kajin cuckoo.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Babban zaryanka yana zaune a Turai, Yammacin Siberiya, Caucasus, Minan Asiya da Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka. A wani yanayi mai zafi, tsuntsu ya fi so ya zauna don hunturu kuma yana jagorantar rayuwa gabaɗaya.

Robin yana ƙaunar ya zauna kusa da koguna da Wuraren ruwa - yana iya zama wuraren shakatawa, gandun daji hade, ciyayi, lambuna.

Saboda abokantakarsa, Zaryanka yakan sami mataimaka a tsakanin mutane.Yara suna ƙaunar ciyar da wannan tsuntsu, saboda ba ya tsoron cin abinci daga hannun.

Zaryanyka Jafananci

Ganin tsibiran Jafananci da tarin tsibiran Izu. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin Rasha a tsibirin Sakhalin da Kudancin Kuril. Af, an haɗa tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Ruha na Sakhalin kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariyar Reshen Kurilsky.

Tsawon jikin wannan tsuntsu shine 14 cm, nauyi 16 grams. A cikin wannan nau'in, ana bayyana ƙarancin jima'i. Namiji shine mai mallakar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki shine shuɗi, mace kuwa sautin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, acikin tsarin launinta babu ruwan launi da shuɗi.

Zaryanyka na Jafananci yana da ƙarin rashi biyu. Banbance banbance su a cikin masauki kawai.

• Nauyin tallafin farko yana zaune ne a tsibirin Sakhalin, arewacin Japan, kudancin China, da kuma a tsibirin Rashin.
• Nau'o'i na biyu suna zaune a tsibiran: Yakushima, Tanegashima, Izu tarin tsibiri. Ba'a lura da bambance-bambancen launi tsakanin masu tallatawa.

Mace da namiji

Zaryanka wata tsuntsuwa ce wacce ba a saba gani ba - ta gwammace kadaici. Sau da yawa zaka ga ba wasu 'yan tsuntsayen waɗannan ba, amma namiji ɗaya ne ko mace zaune akan reshe. Maƙeran gado ba sa so su dame ɗaya kaɗai, musamman tunda ba su yarda da rakiyar wasu tsuntsayen ba. Maza, a cikin tsananin zafin tsaron ƙasarsu, sun sami damar yin faɗa cikin ƙarfi.

Abin baƙin cikin shine, fiye da 10% na wannan nau'in sun mutu saboda yaƙin ko dai a tsakanin su ko tare da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye.
Game da mace zaryanka, mutum zai iya faɗi mafi kyawun: kulawa, mai laushi, mai kirki. Wannan tsuntsun yana da ikon cinye kawun sauran mutane, alal misali, jariran cuckoo. Bugu da kari, mace ita kadai zata kula da gina gidan maza, namiji ya fi son yin wakar a wannan lokacin.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ƙaƙƙarfan jima'i yana waka ko da maraice, lokacin da duk tsuntsayen ba su damu da barci ba.

Maza suna son ficewa cikin komai, alal misali: ya zo da wuri fiye da mace a watan Maris, da kuma mace a farkon Mayu.

Nesting Zaryanok

Zauren Zaryanki a gindin bishiyoyi ko a cikin fasa. Gida kansa yana da siffa mara nauyi. Utsauna suna ƙaunar samun kwanciyar hankali, saboda haka suna kiyaye wannan dokar lokacin gina gida - Dole ne a sami wani abu a saman: dutse, ko tushen da aka yi da itace, har gida ya zama ya rufe daga waje.

A gida

Wanene bai san zaryanka ba? Akwai tatsuniyoyi game da wannan waƙoƙin, an yi bayanin shi a cikin littattafai kuma a tuna da shi cikin waƙoƙi. Zaryanka ta fi so yawancin mutane, saboda tana ba da waƙa ta musamman.

Idan za ku sami wannan kyakkyawa, halitta mai ban sha'awa, to ku sani - zaryanka yana da matukar abokantaka, ba ya buƙatar kulawa da yanayi na musamman.
Zaryanka da sauri ya daidaita cikin bauta. Zai yi wuya a gaskanta, amma ga tsuntsu, keji zai zama mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa.

Gaskiyar ita ce sau da yawa, zaryanka tana shan wahala saboda gaskiyar cewa shi lasa ganima ne ga yawancin masu hasashen yanayi. Fuka-fukai, dawakai, kuli-daji, ermines, martens, petting - duk waɗannan dabbobin da suka kama ganima a zaryanka, haka ma, suna karya kuraninta.

A cikin zaman talala - Zaryanka bai san wannan ba kuma zai kasance lafiya.

Cell bukata

Don gyarawa, zai fi kyau zaɓi ɗan sel da aka yi da ƙarfe ko itace. Sanya gidan tsuntsu a wuri mai zafin rana - wannan zai zuga tsuntsun yayi waka.
A gida, asali sosai. Masonry yana ɗaukar kwanaki 14. Duk iyayen biyu suna tsere.

Abin sha'awa shine, an haifi kajin ba tare da magudi ba. Kimanin sati biyu kenan, kajin suna karkashin kulawar iyayensu.

Yunkurin farko na tashiwa ya faru ne a rana ta ashirin bayan haihuwa, kuma bayan wata daya kajin sun zama kamar tsuntsayen manya kuma suna iya barin gida.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa

1. Robin tsuntsu ne mai tazara: baya son kamfanin tsuntsaye, amma yana jin daɗin kusanci da mutum.
2. Tsuntsu ba ta son buɗe sararin samaniya, tana ƙaunar zama cikin ƙaƙƙarfan itace da ciyayi.
3. A Burtaniya, Zaryanka tsuntsu ne mai daraja.

Sau da yawa akan tambarin turanci zaka ga hoton wannan tsuntsu, saboda alama ce ta Burtaniya mai girma.

Bird Robin: Rayuwarta da Habbatus

Robin tsuntsu ya sami sunan ta ne dalla-dalla game da canza launi. Da alama tsuntsayen sun tafi da shi ta hanyar cin raspberries, a sakamakon, wani ɓangare na kai a kusa da baki da nono an yayyafa shi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace rasberi.

Kuma waɗannan tsuntsaye masu launin jan-kunne ana kuma kiranta zanyanki, kuma ba wai kawai saboda suna raira waƙoƙin alfijir da asuba.

Kallon pichu na safiya, da alama ta yi waka tsawon lokaci, tana mai jin daɗin faɗuwar rana, cewa ta zama launuka na asuba.

Robin tsuntsu ya sami sunan ta ne dalla-dalla game da canza launi

Babban fasali na nau'in robin

Robin zaryanka da ke cikin haraji yana mallakar nau'in chordate, tsari na Passeriformes, dangin flycatcher, tsararren zaryanka.

Sigogin jikin wannan tsuntsu sune kamar haka:

1. Umwaya yana ƙarami, mai taushi da sako-sako. A fuka fuka-fukan, gashin tsuntsu na farko baya cikin tsari, rabi ne kawai tsawonsa wanda yafita sama da murfin murfin.
2. Tsawon jikin mutum a cikin maza ya bambanta daga 12,2 zuwa 16 cm, a cikin mace - daga 14 zuwa 16. cm a matsakaita, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun girma kusan 15 cm, idan, ba shakka, an lissafta tare da wutsiya.
3. Wingsarfin fuka-fukin maza yana cikin kewayon daga 21 zuwa 25 cm, mace - daga 22 zuwa 25 cm, a matsakaita, nisan daga gefen ɗaya reshe zuwa ƙarshen ɗayan a cikin faɗaɗa ya kai kusan 23 cm.
4. Tsawon reshe na mutum a cikin maza daga 6 zuwa 7 cm, cikin mace fuka-fuki kusan ɗaya ɗaya ne, amma yawanci sun fi milimita yawa.
5. Matsakaicin tsawon wutsiya a cikin maza da mata yakai kimanin cm 7. Gefen cikin kowane datti yakai kusan cm 1.5 a girma.
6. Ana auna nauyin waɗannan tsuntsayen cikin adadi kaɗan. Bambanci a cikin ta tsakanin mace da namiji a bayyane yake. Dukkanin jeri daga 17 zuwa 19 g.

Unkinentious tsunts siskin: bayanin, yanayi

Tsuntsu Zaryanka yana da jiki sosai

Tsuntsu Zaryanka yana da jiki sosai. Akan ƙaramin bakin bakin ciki yana fitar da maharbi a ciki, wanda yakan yi kama da kanan dabbobin arthropod, galibi kwari.

Dangantakarta da mai tashi mai tashi tana magana don kanta. Wannan karamin tsuntsu mai kwalliya babban abokin gaba ne na kwari, sauro, ƙananan kuliyoyi, kuliyoyi da sauran awaki, waɗanda suka yawaita a cikin gidajen lambuna.

A saboda wannan dalili, waƙoƙin kiɗa na tsuntsayen zaryanka saboda haka galibi yakan kasance tare da mutumin da ke jagorantar rayuwar noma.

Dogayen dogon wutsiyar robin na nuni da bukatar wani dogon jirgi mai motsawa. Irin wannan jirgin yana halayyar tsuntsayen kwari, wanda aka tilasta don samun abincin su a cikin cakudaddiyar yanayin bishiyar itace-itace.

Bayan haka, mafi kyawun yanayin wadannan tsuntsaye shine launi mai haske na kirji da gaban kai. Wannan yana sa tsuntsun ya zama sananne a cikin yanayin da ake haɗuwa da ganye, launin ruwan kasa da shuɗi. Me yasa za ta dauki wannan haɗarin kuma ta fice daga taron?

Matsayin launi a cikin kiwo

Canza launi na kowane tsuntsu, kuma musamman ƙarami, yana da alaƙa da halin jima'i. A cikin wannan duniyar mai bambanci da maƙiya, dole ne tsuntsaye su bambanta kansu da baƙi. A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, an sanya wannan aikin ga ma'anar ƙanshi. A cikin tsuntsaye, babban abu shine hangen nesa, don haka ana ba da fuka-fukan irin wannan mahimmancin.

Tsuntsun da aka yiwa jan-kunne ya fito ne daga bayan wakilan sauran launuka saboda ana ganin shi da kajin. Akwai irin wannan abu - imprinting, wanda ke nuna tsarin ɗaukar hoton iyayen.Kayan kaji suna kama tsuntsu da nono mai ruwan mayu, wanda yake ciyar da su, kuma ku tuna wannan shine abin da abokan aikin su na gaba don haifuwa yakamata suyi.

Namiji da tsuntsayen akuya: Wanene a cikinsu yake da sihiri

Ee, robin tare da launi mai haske yana cikin haɗari. Koyaya, dabarar anan shine cewa daga sama yana kama da wata halitta wacce take haɗe da yanayin gaba ɗaya.

Kuma ga ƙananan tsuntsaye, haɗari kawai ya bayyana daga sama - daga wasu tsuntsaye na ganima. Tabbas, akwai dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar feline ko Marten, waɗanda suke ganin daidai tabo a kirji.

A wannan halin, Zaryanka ya dogara ne kawai kan halin da ta yi da saurin motsi.

Kajin da suka tashi daga gidan ba su da alamar halin, amma nan da nan ƙirjinsu ya sami launi mai ruwan lemo, kuma nan take ya bayyana wanene nasu da wanene baƙon.

Habitat da mazauninsu

Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin kwatancin kewayon da mazauninsu, kodayake waɗannan abubuwan suna da wasu kamance.

Yankin shine ƙasa inda nau'in halitta ke zaune. Wannan baya nufin cewa yankin da aka bayyana akan taswirar ya samu cikakkiyar haɓaka daga mutanen wannan jinsin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kowane yanki, in banda mai karamin karfi, yayi kama da cuku tare da ramuka.

Tabbas, a cikin wannan yanki za'a iya samun wuraren da mutane daban daban suke samun duk wani abu mai mahimmanci don aiwatar da shirye-shiryen magada don ci gaba da rayuwa.

Koyaya, a yankuna guda, yawanci akwai wuraren yanar gizo inda wannan nau'in bashi da damar rayuwa kuma yana haifar da nasara.

Robin ya fi son zama a cikin gandun daji ko gauraye tare da tsari mai rikitarwa, inda bishiyoyi iri-iri tare da fifikon jinsunan keɓantattu ya kamata su kasance.

Koyaya, al'ummomin tsire-tsire masu cike da rudani da rikide-rikice sun fi dacewa da waɗannan tsuntsayen. Suna buƙatar windows windows da gefuna, inda akwai wadatar ƙasa da ciyawa.

Wadannan tsuntsayen suna jin daɗi a cikin gandun daji mai haske tare da ci gaba da ƙananan tiers a cikin nau'in shrubs, ƙoshin bishiyoyi masu yawa, da kuma ganye daban-daban.

Tsuntsu na Snipe: bayanin, salon rayuwa, kiwo a yanayi

Wadannan jaraba ne da suka ba da izinin robin ya zauna a cikin wuraren da mutum ya canza, saboda lambuna da filayen da ke kewaye da bel na daji sun zama kyakkyawan yanayin ga tsuntsu mai ruwan nono.

Gaskiya ne, a wannan yanayin an sami canjin makiya. Kayan biranen Robin sun daina lalacewa ta hanyar caress, ermines, foxes da Wolves, amma mutane sun fara lalata shi ta hanyar kuliyoyi, karnuka da, da yardar rai ko kuma da gangan, ta hanyar mutane.

Wannan tsuntsu ta sami irin wannan yanayin rayuwa kusan a cikin Turai tun daga Scandinavia zuwa Caucasus da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum. Bugu da kari, robin yana zama a Afirka (amma a arewacin na kawai).

A cikin Rasha, yankin 'yan fashi suna kama daukacin sassan Turai na ƙasar, ya ratsa Urals kuma ya kai Yammacin Siberia zuwa kogin Ob da Tom.

Wannan tsuntsu yan gudun hijira ne. Daga cikin dukkan tsuntsayen kwari, yakan fado da na ƙarshe - a ƙarshen Satumba ko kuma a watan Oktoba. A yankuna masu ɗumi, alal misali, a Afirka da Kudancin Turai, ba ta tashi ko'ina ba, tunda waɗannan yankuna suna ba da kayan abincin ta duk shekara.

Gida da masonry a matsayin alamar koli

Robins suna gina gida daga ganyayyaki da ruwan ciyawar ciyawa a cikin wuraren hutu a ƙasa. Wannan wurin na gida yana ɗayan mafiya haɗari. Amma idan kayi la'akari da cewa tsuntsayen sa suna ɓoye cikin kurmi, inda manyan dabbobi ba za su iya shiga ba kuma tsuntsayen ganima basa kallo, to wannan dabarar, watakila, ana iya kiransa da riba.

Kawai don wannan, Zaryanka yana buƙatar nono mai haske wanda ya sa kajin su fahimci abin da za su yi. Idan tabo mai launin lemo ya bayyana, kuna buƙatar buɗe gemun ku kuna kururuwa. Idan babu tabo, to kuna buƙatar kwanciya kuma ba motsi: watakila a cikin tsakar dare ƙwararrun kajin ba za su gan shi ba.

Hikimar Juyin Halitta: Kiwo Tsuntsaye

Yawanci, ana gina mazaunin sau 1, kuma clutches a cikinsu yana bayyana sau 2 a kowace kakar. Matar ta sanya ƙwai 5-8 na launuka masu launuka na 1 a lokaci. Dole ta zauna akan qwai har tsawon sati biyu.Kayan kaji daga qwai sun fito tsirara, marasa taimako da baƙi.

Don haka dole ne iyaye su kula da su sosai. Wannan rashin lafiyar da kajin ke kashewa saboda saurin haɓaka su.

Idan abincin yana da kyau, to bayan makonni 2 sai kajin na tashi daga gida, amma a ci gaba a yankin iyaye na dogon lokaci.

Wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa tsoron mutane. Buƙatunnsu na iya kasancewa a tsakanin bushes na currants, raspberries, a cikin busassun wuraren da aka watsar da su. Kuna iya gano gida da ƙwai ta gaban tsuntsu tare da ƙirjin mai haske. Dole ne muyi ƙoƙarin kada mu tayar musu da hankali.

Mafi yawan insan fashi a cikin lambu ko yankin gida na rani zasuyi kajin, mafi kyawun tsire-tsire. Bayan haka, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari. Bugu da kari, an bambanta pichugs ta kyawawan halaye na iyaye. Saboda wannan, cuckoos sun fi so su sa babbar ƙwayarsu a cikin ciyawar robin.

Mafi qarancin tsuntsayen duniya (bidiyo)

Don haka, yawancin insan fashi da yawa a cikin ɗakunan rani suna fifita masu tare da ingantaccen waƙoƙi, ƙari za a sami cuckoos a nan. Kuma wanda ya isa ya manta cewa cuckoos suna ciyar da manyan ciwoyin shaggy waɗanda sauran tsuntsayen ba za su iya ci ba.

Saboda haka 'yan fashi a kan gonar lambu suna yin ayyuka da yawa. Daga wani mutum, suna bukatar abu daya ne kawai saboda kada wani ya dame su ya ciyar da kajin ko cuckoos.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Hoto: Bird Robin

Robin tsuntsu ne, wanda wakili ne na nau'in chordate, aji na tsuntsaye, tsari na Passeriformes, flycatcher family, genus da jinsin robin. A cikin 20s, robin ya kasance sananne sosai. A tsohuwar Masar, wakilan dangin mai martaba sun yanke shawarar samun waɗannan toan littafin a cikin gidajensu. Sun yi daidai da rayuwar zama a cikin zaman talala, suna da muryar ɗorawa, m. Robins an bambanta su ta hanyar abokantakarsu, halayensu masu ladabi da yanayin nuna farin ciki.

Bidiyo: Bird Robin

Kabilu na tsoffin Celts da Jamusawa sun danganta mata da maza zuwa ga manzannin da kanta. Daga baya, an dauki tsuntsayen alama ce da manzon allahn Scandinavia mai jan gemu da tsawar Thor. Mutanen wancan lokacin sun yi imani cewa idan tsuntsayen suka yi gida kusa da gidan mutane, tabbas za su kare ta daga bala'o'i - walƙiya, wuta, ambaliya, da sauran matsaloli. Mutane sunyi la'akari da lalata lalatattun mazaunin da ba a yarda da su ba kuma har ma wani lokacin suna azabtar da mai lalata.

A kwana a tashi, tsuntsaye suka zama sananne sosai a karni na biyu na karni na 19, katunan katako da tambura da ke nuna tsuntsayen suka zama gama gari. A wannan lokacin ne aka yi imani da cewa waɗannan ƙananan halittu ne suka yi ƙoƙari su ceci Yesu Kiristi wanda aka gicciye a kan giciye kuma ya cire ƙayayuwa daga jikinsa. Mutane sunce bayan wannan ne suka sami tabo ja a kirjinsu wanda ke alamar zubar da jinin Kristi. A wannan lokacin, sunyi kokarin sake fasalin tsuntsaye a cikin kasashe da dama da kuma kusurwar duniya. Misali, a New Zealand da Ostiraliya, tsuntsaye ba su da tushe. A Burtaniya, ana daukar robin a matsayin wata alama ce ta kasa.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Menene kamannin kwayan tsuntsu?

A waje, tsuntsun yana da abubuwa da yawa iri daya da gizo-gizo. Koyaya, yakamata a sani cewa yafi kowanne girma girmansa kuma yana da ƙanƙan da ƙasa ga masu girma dabam. Tsawon tsayin jikin tsuntsu shine santimita 11-13. Girman fikaf shine 18-21 santimita. Theaukar nauyin mutum ɗaya ya bambanta tsakanin giram 18-25 kawai. Tsuntsayen suna da ƙananan idanu, zagaye fuska da baki baki. Dimorphism na jima'i ba a bayyana ba. Mata da maza suna da girman su iri ɗaya kuma launi iri ɗaya na shuɗewa. Bambancin kawai shi ne cewa a cikin maza an fi faɗin launi launi fiye da na mace.

Launuka masu zuwa suna mamaye tsarin launi na launi na tsuntsu:

Bodyananan jikin an fentin su cikin launuka masu haske - launin toka, launin ruwan kasa mai haske, sautunan zuma. Jiki na sama yana da launi mai duhu.Yankin kirji shine orange mai haske. Dankalin tabarau mai haske yana gudana daga kirji zuwa wuyansa, kuma a sama, zuwa ɓangaren sama na kai.

A cikin tsuntsayen da ke zaune a yankuna na kudu, filayen yana mamaye haske da launuka masu haske. Akwai kuma zaton cewa, gwargwadon launuka iri-iri da satifiket ɗinsu, tsuntsaye suna ƙayyade shekaru, jima'i na mutane, da kuma yardar su ga ma'aurata. Karnuka sun bambanta launi da iyayensu suka rasa a tsakanin tsuntsayen da ke yin birgima a kusa da gida, idan suka kusanto, sukan buɗe bekensu don abinci. Kallan tsuntsayen suna da launin ruwan kasa duhu.

A ina ne tsuntsayen robin suke zaune?

Hoto: Bird Robin a Rasha

Smallan ƙaramin isan littafin tarihi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a sassa daban-daban na Eurasia, kuma a cikin ƙananan lambobi akan wasu nahiyoyi.

Yanayin yanki na tsuntsaye

• kusan dukkanin yankin Turai,
• Asiya orarami
• yankin yammacin Siberiya,
• kowane mutum yana zaune a Algeria,
• Tunisiya
• Japan
• aka zaɓa yankuna na kasar Sin,
• Tsibirin Canary
• Turkiyya
• yankuna na Kudancin Crimea,
• yankuna na arewacin Iran,
• Caucasus
• Yankunan kudu maso gabashin Azerbaijan.

Kamar yadda yankuna yankuna, tsuntsaye suka fi son zamaɗaɗɗe, gandun daji ko yanki Za a iya kasancewa gandun daji a yankuna daban-daban - a ƙananan wurare da kuma manyan wurare. Mafi yawan jin daɗin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen yana ji a wani yanki mai ɗimbin zafi, ba ciyayi mai yawa ba da kuma fure iri da fauna. Tsuntsaye za su iya tsayawa a kan bushes, shinge, lambun kwari, wuraren shakatawa. A cikin dukkan nau'ikan bishiyoyi, insan fashi suna son ɗaukar hoto kuma suna da mafi kyaun. Lokacin zabar wani yanki na mazauninsu, suna ƙoƙarin guje wa matasa da gandun daji masu haske.

Waɗannan 'yan tsuntsayen mazaunan da ke zaune a Kudancin latular an bambanta su da matsayin yankin mazauninsu. Baƙon abu bane gare su yin ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna. Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a arewa, tare da farkon lokacin hunturu da kuma lokacin sanyi, suna zuwa yankuna masu zafi - yammacin Turai, wasu ƙasashe na Asiya ,arama, yankuna na arewacin Afirka. Daga farkon kwanakin bazara, 'yan fashi sun koma wurin da suka saba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Waɗanda suka fara dawowa daga lokacin sanyi sune maza. Sukan hanzarta mamaye mazaunin gida, kuma bayan wannan matan suna haɗuwa da su.

Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ɗan kwayar tsuntsaye. Bari mu ga abin da ta ci.

Me kwayar robin take ci?

Hoto: Bird Robin A Cikin Jirgin Sama

Abincin tsuntsaye ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kwari iri daban-daban. Bambancin samar da abinci ya dogara da yankin da tsuntsayen suke zaune.

Abinda ya zama tushen abinci ga tsuntsaye:

Tsuntsayen suna neman abinci iri ɗaya zuwa saman duniya. Ba su tsoron tsoro da kewayen tare da mutane kuma suna farin cikin ciyar da kansu da abin da mutane ke shigo da murabba'ai da wuraren shakatawa na birni. Baya ga kwari, 'yan fashi sun ci iri iri na ciyayi,' ya'yan itaciya, berries. Daga cikin dukkan berries, 'yan fashi suna ba da fifiko ga blackberries, currants, elderberries, currants. A cikin kaka - lokacin bazara, abincin shuka ya mamaye kusan rabin abincin wannan wakilin Passeriformes.

Rashin wahala a samo abinci ya tashi da farkon yanayin sanyi. Tsuntsaye suna fara neman abincin asalin tsiro, wanda zai taimaka wajan tsira da sanyi. Sukan tashi lafiya wurin masu ciyar da tsuntsaye. Galibi ana iya ganin 'yan fashi a bakin gabar tafkin-kankara. Ba sa tsoron ruwa kuma suna iya shiga cikin tafki idan suna cikin ruwa mai zurfi to suna da abin da za su amfana. Robins sukan kiyaye dabbobi kusa da dabbobi: boars daji, bears. Waɗannan dabbobi galibi dabbobi ne masu haƙa ƙasa. Wannan yana taimaka wa tsuntsayen tattara kwari ba tare da ƙarin ƙoƙari ba inda manyan dabbobi suka buɗe ƙasa.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Maigidan Robin Bird

Robins basu da halin aiki a wani lokaci na rana. Su ne sosai aiki a lokacin da bayan duhu.Ana lura da mafi girman aikin a cikin lokutan yamma, lokacin da tsuntsaye suka tashi neman abinci awa daya da rabi kafin faɗuwar rana. Robins sun koma gida gida zuwa sa'o'i biyu bayan faɗuwar rana. Tsuntsayen suna kwana dare yawancin lokaci su kaɗai a cikin busasshen bishiyoyi ko kuma rawanin bishiyoyi. Da farko lokacin sanyi, tsuntsayen da ke haifar da yanayin rayuwa, nemi mafaka mai dacewa da za su ɗumi kansu. Wannan na iya zama wuraren dafa kaji, rufin gidaje, rami na bishiyoyi daban-daban. Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa kusa da mazaunan ɗan adam na iya yin kwanciyar hankali a yayin hasken fitilar titi da fitilun titi.

Robins suna son tsarin ruwa. Sau da yawa a cikin adadi mai yawa na mutane, safe yana farawa da iyo a cikin tafkunan. A safiya, mahara suna tsabtace gashin fulawa a saukowar safiya ko raɓar ruwan sama. Abin mamaki, sau da yawa zaka iya ganin yadda waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsaye ke wanka da anthills. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna taimaka wa tsuntsaye su tsabtace jikinsu na ganye. Bayan haka, songbirds son son jiƙa sama dumi rana. Bayoyi suna ɗaukar sunbathing, suna kwance kai tsaye a kan yashi ko zaune a jikin rassan bishiyoyi da tsirrai tare da bude baki. Ranar wadannan kananan tsuntsayen suna karewa kamar yadda ake farawa da hanyoyin ruwa. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye sukan yi iyo a cikin dusar kankara.

Robins garken garken tumaki ne. A cikin garken, a matsayin mai mulki, maza sun fi fifikon mata. Maza waɗanda ba su sami damar samowa da samar da ma'aurata ba su mamaye wani yanki kuma ba sa kiyaye iyakar ta. Yayin rana, suna ciyar da lokaci daban da farauta, kuma da fara duhu suna haɗuwa a cikin al'ummomin bachelor kuma suna kwana tare tare. Yawan mutane a cikin irin wadannan kungiyoyi zasu iya kaiwa 10-25. Kowane mutum yana da takamaiman fili ko gonar da za a farauta da samun abinci. Mafi yawan lokuta, yankinsa shine murabba'in 250-750.

Musamman bayanin shine sauti mai ban sha'awa. Abubuwan da suke amfani da su an rarrabe su ta hanyar daban, launin waƙoƙi, da girma. Wasu lokuta sukan yi kama da wayoyi da dalilai iri-iri. Musamman maɓallin melodic a cikin bazara. Tsuntsaye suna kashe mafi yawan rayuwarsu a doron ƙasa. Suna tsalle a ƙasa tare da fikafikan su ƙasa. Sau da yawa suma suna yawo da wutsiyarsu.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Tsuntsu Robin akan reshe

A lokacin daya kakar, 'yan fashi sau biyu ke haifarwa. Mafi yawanci wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu, farkon Mayu, da kuma karo na biyu a Yuli. Idan saboda wasu dalilai tsuntsaye sun rasa 'ya'yansu, zasu iya sake haifan ta a watan Agusta. Matan da suke shirye don mating da gangan suna tashi zuwa yankin maza. A wannan yanayin, maza sun fara samun damuwa da fushi. Sukan shimfida kirji su gaba, suka daga kawunansu da wutsiyoyi, kuma yana da muhimmanci su yi birki daga wannan gefe zuwa gefe. A lokaci guda, suna ta raira waƙoƙi da ƙarfi, suna ta tsoratar da maziyarcinsu.

Mace na mace suna shirye don irin wannan halayen maza. Sun fara rokon, suna rawar jiki, danna kawunansu a ƙasa, suna ƙoƙarin tayar da jin ƙai daga wurin mai shi. A ƙarshen zanga-zangar rashin taimako, mace ta sunkuyar da kanta kuma ta tafi zuwa ga shinge na kusa. An sake maimaita wannan aikin tsawon kwanaki a jere. A qarshe, ilhamar dabi'a ta mamaye shi, kuma namiji ya fara jin daxin karfinsa da fifikonsa. A wannan lokacin ne, wanda ba shi yiwuwa ga kansa, ya sami kansa a cikin aure tare da bako.

Kafin kwanciya qwai, matar ta gina kanta da gida. Mafi yawan lokuta, tana yin wannan ne a wani wuri da ba za'a iya zuwa ba a doron ƙasa ko kuma a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Suna iya zama a cikin manyan duwatsun bishiyoyi a tsayin daya da rabi zuwa mita biyu, a cikin manya-manyan kututture. A cikin bayyanar, gida yana kama da kwano na gaske. Tana da girman inci 10 cm, kuma zurfin of 5 santimita. A saman farjin gida an yi shi da mahaifa mai zuwa, tare da fuka-fukan, da ciyayi.Fuskokin waje an rufe shi da gansakuka, sheka da kuma tushe don abin rufe fuska. Guda ɗaya, mace tana sanya ƙwai sau 4-6 na farin launi tare da ɗigo ko ruwan ɗigon haske. A cikin lokacin kwanciya ta biyu, yawan ƙwai da aka aza bai ƙasa da na farkon ba. Makonni biyu baya, kajin ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai. A wannan lokacin, macen ba ta barin gida, kuma namiji yana ciyar da gidansa gaba daya.

Offspringiyan da ke fitowa gabaɗaya basu da taimako. Kyankyasai basu da amfani. Makonni biyu kenan, iyayen sunada kawunansu sosai kuma suna kokarin ciyar dasu da yalwa. Bayan haka kajin suna barin mazaunin su kuma tsawon sati biyu suna zama a cikin ciyawar ciyayi a doron kasa cikin cikakkiyar kulawar iyaye. Fledglings fara tashi wata daya daga baya daga lokacin haihuwa. Bayan haka, sun rabu da iyayensu kuma suna jagoranci rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Kajin ya isa ga balaga har zuwa shekara, bayan haka suka haifi zuriyarsu.

Abokan Halitta na Robins

Hoto: Menene kamannin kwayan tsuntsu?

A karkashin yanayin halitta, robin yana da abokan gaba kaɗan. Saboda ƙanƙan girman su da rashin ƙarfi, ƙananan gban littafin suna zama ganima mai ƙarfi da manyan masu farauta. Yawancin kajin masu rashin taimako suna mutuwa a cikin cunkoson yawancin magabatan mutane.

Roabilar robin na halitta:

Sakamakon cewa tsuntsaye suna cin lokaci mai yawa a saman duniya, suna da adadi da yawa na abokan gaba suna jiransu a can. Masu gfara suna jefa haɗari na musamman ga kajin mara ƙarfi. Robins sau da yawa suna gina gida ƙasa sama da ƙasa. Dangane da wannan, sun sami damar zama ga yawancin masu farauta. Tsuntsaye sukan same su kuma suna shan ƙwai, suna lalata gida.

Mutum da ayyukansa, a wasu yanayi, suma sune sanadin lalata tsuntsayen da makusantansu. Karnuka a wuraren shakatawa sau da yawa sukan mutu yayin hawan ciyawa. Samuwar manyan yankuna da mutum ya bayar yana bayar da gudummawa ga mazaunin tsuntsaye. Duk da wannan, basu da tsoron mutane ko kaɗan.

Yaushe zaryanka ke zaune?

Sakamakon yawan mace-mace a shekarar farko bayan haihuwa, matsakaicin rayuwar da aka samu na kwai na shekaru 1.1 ne. Koyaya, daidaikun mutane da suka shude wannan lokacin zasu iya dogaro akan rayuwa mai tsawo. Zaryanka mai dadewa a cikin daji an yi rikodin sa yana ɗan shekara 12.

Bauraran da suke rayuwa cikin yanayin wucin gadi ko yanayin gida zasu iya rayuwa har tsawon rayuwa. Babban yanayin shi ne kulawa da ta dace.

Yanayin yanayin da bai dace ba yana haifar da mace-mace mai yawa. Kawai, wasu tsuntsaye suna mutuwa, sun kasa yin tsayayya da sanyi da kuma rashin abinci da ke haifar da ƙarancin yanayin zafi.

Bayanin da fasali

Asirin robin daga mai karatu Marina Khaleeva:

Zan je hunturu a wuraren dumi.

Game da ƙasar ƙaunata - Ina da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya:

Fiery, ganye kaka a kirji,

Ya kasance koyaushe tare da ni ... Wanene Ni? Suna!

Wannan karamin halittar fuka-fukin reshen halittar dangi ne mai kwari, amma girman sa ma yayi karami (kusan 15 cm). Irin wannan pichuga, tare da rago, hadiya, titmouse, starlings da sauran wasu tsuntsayen da suka zama ruwan dare a duniyar tamu, masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar su ga Passeriformes - mafi yawancin ƙwararrun yankuna da ake dasu.

Robin Yana da launi mai kyau, mai sananne da walwala, wanda ke ba shi daidaituwa da bambanci. A saman murfin gashinta daga ƙusa zuwa wutsiya shine ruwan zaitun ko launin toka mai launin shuɗi, gefan kai, kirji, makogwaro da goshi ja-ja, ciki kusan fari.

Amma wannan kusan kwatancin kwatankwacinsu ne, saboda kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsuntsayen yayi kama da wasu na musamman. Kuma wannan bambanci a cikin launuka na kabeji sun dogara ne ba kawai akan jinsi ba, har ma da shekarun wani mutum daban-daban, har ma da mazauninsa.

An yi ado kirjin 'yan fashi tare da tabo mai haske, amma ya bambanta sosai cikin tsari da inuwa mai launi. A cikin maza, yana da launi mai cike da launi.Irin wannan "rigar riguna", ta yin ado da maza, ta mamaye wani yanki mai yawa, yana yaduwa daga kirji ya girma har zuwa wuyansa kuma ya kara zuwa kai.

Tsuntsayen kudu suna da haske mai haske. Haka kuma, ba tare da la'akari da mazauninsu ba, kawai tsuntsaye masu girma da balagagge suke bayyanawa ta hanyar jan-resasted “Samari” na saurayi, har da makogwaro, gefuna da fuka-fukai ba alama ce da take da mulufi, har ma da launin shuɗi.

Takalmansu na kananan tsuntsaye suna wasa da launin ruwan kasa, kuma kasa tayi kyau. Wannan launi ne mai kariya wacce ba ta tsayayya da tushen yanayin yanayin, wanda aka tsara don ɓoye matasa marasa ƙwarewa daga haɗari.

Koyaya, kayan da suka dace na mata na iya zama mai haske kamar na mazan da suka manyanta. Kuma wannan yana bayyana ma'anar asirin cikin halitta. Akwai zaton cewa bisa la’akari da tabo da aka ambata a baya, tsarin sa da kuma haskakawarsa, yan fashi kan tantance shekarun abokin, jininsa, bayyanar sa, yarda ya aura, da kuma karban sauran bayanan da suke da matukar amfani ga sadarwa ta tsuntsu.

Kayan kaji sun san mahaifiyarsu ta wasu launuka masu launuka wadanda a bayyane suke a bayyane, suna fahimtar yadda suke nuna halayensu yayin da suke kusantar da mazaunin abu mai tashi: suna kururuwa da buɗe beransu don tsammani na jiran abinci mai ɗorewa, ko zaune a hankali, suna tsoron jan hankalin wani baƙon da yake shakkar baƙon.

Abubuwan launuka masu canza launi suna dauke da bayani: me yasa ake kiran robin haka? Fuskar gashin fuka-fukai masu launuka iri iri a bayyane yake nesa, daga ciki ya yanke zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma ya kasance a cikin maganar ɗan adam.

Akwai imani cewa wannan wani nau'in 'alama ce ta Kristi' - digogin jininsa, kamar yadda tsohuwar almara ta faɗi. Wataƙila saboda ɗan Burtaniya ya ɗauki jan-breasted pichugs wani nau'in keɓaɓɓen Kirsimeti, kuma a wannan biki an buga hotunan waɗannan tsuntsayen a kan katunan gaisuwa.

Saboda dalilai iri ɗaya, tsuntsayen fuka-fukan ana kiransu zaryankami. A wasu ƙasashe, ana ɗaukarsu alama ce ta hasken rana. Wani sunan barkwanci na pichugs kuma sananne ne kuma yaɗu: karnukan karnuka.

Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da baiwa ta ban mamaki. Su manyan mashahurai ne, masu iya yin sautuna masu kyau sosai. Kuma a cikin maganganun kalamai, akwai kowane dama ba kawai don yin gasa tare da kayan aiki na dare ba, har ma da ba su farawa.

Waƙar mawaƙa kazalika da launi irin abinda aka dasa su, yana daukar wasu bayanai na wadannan tsuntsayen. Wadannan sakonni an tsara su ne don nuna iyakokin yankunan da aka mamaye, don jawo hankalin abokan tarayya a cikin lokacin matse, sun kuma rufaffen bayanan da yawa, masu fahimta ne kawai ga wadannan halittu na musamman.

Saurari waƙar robin

Ana iya jin irin wannan waƙar a kowane lokaci na shekara. Kawai, alal misali, a cikin faɗuwar waɗannan sauti zaka ji baƙin ciki da tashin zuciya ga kwanakin dumi mai ban mamaki. Amma a cikin bazara, waƙoƙi suna zama da ƙarfi, masu haske kuma suna da farin ciki.

Irin waɗannan sautuna suna da aiki sosai a gundumar alfijir lokacin fitowar rana, kuma ana jin su a safiyar yamma lokacin faɗuwar rana. Wannan shine wani dalili don kiran irin waɗannan tsuntsaye zaryanka ko, a wasu yanayi, gari ya waye.

Yana da al'ada al'ada a danganta waɗannan wakilan masarautar da aka wakilta ta hanyar asalin murkushe 'dangin wasu ƙananan tsuntsayen da ake kira "tsuntsayen tsuntsu". Koyaya, a cikin bayyanar, robin ya fi kama da kayan baccin dare, kawai saukowa daga cikin jiki ba ya faɗi tsaye.

Saboda wannan da sauran dalilai, da yawa daga masana kimiyyar lissafi suna rarrabe wannan nau'in azaman asalin zariyaok. Ba kamar relativesan uwansu na nesa baƙi, za su iya yin fahariya da ƙarfi, dogayen kafafu da kafaɗun dabbobi marasa ƙarfi.

Gashin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen karami ne, mai kyau, mai kaifi, baƙar fata a ƙarshen, idanu baƙi ne, ƙanƙane, gurɓataccen abu ne mai girma, cin amana na gani da kuma fara'a ta waje ga tsuntsu. Suna da aiki tuƙuru a cikin yanayi, masu aiki da fasaha cikin halayya. Za'a iya ganin ƙarin bayanai akan roban hoto.

Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da haɗin kai a cikin wani nau'in da ya karɓi sunan iri ɗaya: zaryanka (sunan barkwanci "Robin" yakamata a danganta shi ba ga kalmomin kimiyya ba, amma ga shahararrun magana). Amma iri-iri kanta an kasu zuwa wasu kasashe da dama.

Ba duk wakilan su a launi da bayyanar ba daidai da bayanin da aka bayar a baya. Sabili da haka, suna buƙatar halayyar musamman. Amma girmansu kusan iri ɗaya ne kuma yayi daidai da na sama. Kuma nauyin yana gab da kusan 17 grams.

• Zaryanyka na Jafananci mazaunin tsibiri ne na Jafananci, kudanci China, Tsibirin Kuril da Sakhalin. Baya ga abin da aka ambata riga, ana ƙara ƙarin launuka a cikin rigunan fuka-fukin maza na wannan tallafin: shuɗi kan ciki da baya, har da baki a kan fikafikan fuka-fuki. Amma fuka-fukin “matan” daga wannan tallafin ba su da irin waɗannan launuka. Sautunan launin ruwan kasa masu launi iri ɗaya cikin rigunansu.

• Yanan kuriyar zaryanka mai launin fata mai launi ba ta da kama da 'yan uwan ​​da aka ambata a baya. Taushinta da ƙananan ɓangaren fuska a idanu da hanci baki ne. Gashin fuka-fukai masu launin ja suna rufe bayan kai, baya, da fikafikan, kuma ciki mai haske ne. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna raira waƙa kuma suna gina gida a cikin gandun daji na kudancin China da Taiwan, har ma a Japan, saboda mafi yawan ɓangaren tsibirin Ryukyu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiransu Ryukyu nightingales.

• Mountain farin-tailed zaryanka yayi daidai da rarar da ta gabata kawai tana da girman kawai, amma tare da raunin jikin ta yayi kama da kurciya. Launin launuka yana da ban sha'awa, mai haske. Tsarin launi na alkalami an mamaye shi da shuɗi. Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu kadan duhu. Akwai farin ratsi a jiki. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a Caucasus da Siberiya.

• Babban dutse mai launin shuɗi-bulu zaryanka ta fuskoki da yawa daidai yake da launi iri ɗaya ga yawan komputa na baya. Jikinta ya mamaye launuka masu launin shuɗi da shudi. Tana da kama da akuya a fuska, wataƙila saboda launikan rigunan rigarta. Akwai irin wannan tsuntsu a Indonesia, Asiya, Afirka.

• Javanese zaryanka yana da kewayon kama da na waɗanda suka gabata, ban da Afirka kaɗai. Sau da yawa ana samun su a tsibirin Java. Tun da yake mazaunin yankuna masu ɗumi ne, saboda ƙarancin buƙatar yin jiragen sama na hunturu, galibi an zaunar dashi. Launi mai haske ne, wanda yayi dace da halayen tsuntsayen kudanci.

Habitat, mazauni

Robin an samo shi a Eurasia gabas zuwa Yammacin Siberiya, kudu zuwa Algeria. Hakanan ana iya samo su a tsibiran Tekun Atlantika, har yanzu yamma da Azores da Madeira. Ba a sadu da su ba sai a Iceland. A kudu maso gabas, rarraba su ya kai ga Tsarin Caucasus. Robin Burtaniya na mafi yawan ɓangarorin jama'a ya rage har zuwa hunturu a cikin wuraren zama.

Amma wasu 'yan tsiraru, yawanci mata, suna ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Turai da Spain a cikin hunturu. Scandinavia da Rashan zanyanki sun yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya da Yammacin Turai, suna guduwa daga mummunan yanayin yanayin yanayin lardin ƙasarsu. Zaryanka don wurin gina gidaje ya gwammace da gandun daji da ake dasu a Arewacin Turai, ya bambanta da fifiko ga wuraren shakatawa da lambuna a Tsibiri na Burtaniya.

Tsuntsayen zamantakewa

Wadannan tsuntsayen tsuntsaye ne masu fita. Suna murna da mutane, ba tsoro. Kuma sun kasance abokai tare da mazauna bazara! Suna zube a gefe, dama can don ɗaukar kayan zaki a cikin tsutsa ko kuma gizo-gizo daga ƙarƙashin shebur. Kuma mafi tsuntsayen da suka ba da tsoro da farin ciki suna bi da kansu da hannuwansu.

Haka ma, suna rakiyar dabbobin daji suna lalata gona. Boars daji sune abokai na 'yan fashi.

Kasancewar yawancin Rasha, 'yan fashi sun kasance tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Kuma a cikin canjin yanayin zafi suna zama don hunturu. Daga 'yan fashin da ke zaune a Ireland, ƙaramin sashi yana tashi cikin wuta. Yawancin mata, da maza kamar yadda jarumawa ke ci gaba da tsaron yankin. Yayin wannan lokacin, waƙoƙin tsuntsayen da aka rabu suna baƙin ciki.

Red-breasted na iya rayuwa cikin ɗauri har ma da raira waƙa idan sun ƙirƙiri yanayi mai kyau kuma kullun suna ba da teburin abincin da suka fi so a cikin nau'o'in karnuka ko tsutsotsi na gari.

Mutane game da insan fashi

Daga shahararren lura, ya zama cewa idan robin yana zaune kusa da gidanka, to wadata da ta'aziyya zasuyi sarauta a ciki. Kuma shahararren waƙa game da robin da muryarsa mai ban sha'awa ta sa waɗannan girlsan matan sun shahara kuma suna ƙaunar tare da mu. Kuma Birtaniyan ma sun zaɓi wannan tsuntsun a matsayin alama ce ta ƙasarsu.

Sun kuma ce kirjin da ke jikin robin ba koyaushe ja bane. Amma wannan wani labarin ne daban.

Za ku taimaka mana da yawa, idan ka raba labarin a shafukan sada zumunta kuma ka so shi. Na gode da hakan.

Biyan kuɗi zuwa tasharmu.

Karanta karin labarai akan Gidan Bird.

Bayanin bayyanar Robin

Wannan tsuntsu yana da ban sha'awa don kallo. Mata da maza sun yi kama. Kambi, jiki da babba, gami da fuka-fuki da wutsiya, suna da launin ruwan kasa a hankali. A reshen reshe, wani lokacin ba ana kiran bakar fata mai launin fata ne bayyane.

Shugaban, makogwaro da kirji suna da haske mai ruwan hoda-orange, wanda fuka-fukan gashinsa suke lulluɓe, banda goshin goshi. Bodyasan jiki yana da fari, bangarorin sun kasance launin shuɗi.

Gashin ya yi duhu. Idanu sunyi duhu. Kafafun kafaffu masu launin shuɗi ruwan hoda.

Tsuntsayen matasa suna launin ruwan kasa baki ɗaya. Karamin jiki shine paler, tare da m bege ko kodadde launin ruwan kasa. Gashin fuka-fukan zaki zasu bayyana ne kawai bayan molt na farko, bayan kimanin watanni biyu.

Robin yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙewa. Wadannan tsuntsayen da ba za'a iya jin tsoron mutane har suna iya kusancin kusancin nesa. Yawancin lokaci ana adana su a cikin keji kamar dabbobi.

Robin da sauri ya saba da irin wannan rayuwar, duk da haka, yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Tun da tsuntsayen suna son yin iyo, dole sai sun canza ruwan sau biyu a rana. Abin ban sha'awa ne a lura da tsarin wanka, bayan wanan ruwan yana wadatar da gashinsa. A gida, tsuntsun yana rera waka ba ƙasa da kyau kamar babba. Don waƙoƙi suyi sauti a farkon bazara, a lokacin kaka-hunturu, ya zama dole don ƙara karnuka ko tsutsotsi na gari a cikin abincin yau da kullun.

Robin yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, kamar yawancin tsuntsayen, yana lalata ɗimbin kwari a cikin kakar. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da zaryanka, shirya masu ba da abinci tare da berries, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Babban magani ga wadannan tsuntsaye sune tururuwar qwai.

Yadda zaryanka take waka

Kiran na fili shine “alama”, ana maimaitawa kuma ana furtawa cikin gajerun sigogin “kaska-kasha-maki…” ta samari da manya. Zaryanka ya kuma yi amfani da takaitaccen, mai shuru ko sokin da kirari na "wadannan" lokacin da aka firgita ko a cikin hadari.

Waƙar Zaryanka jerin kalmomin jumla ne mai kyau, mai taushi, bayyanannun sauti da gajerun kalmomin.

Zaryanka tana waka ne musamman don jan hankalin mata sannan ta yiwa yankin alama tun da sanyin safiya, yana zaune a gungume. Wani lokacin yakan yi wakar dare, idan yana kusa da fitilar titi. Zaryanka tana waka duk shekara, ban da lokacin bazara, lokacin da tayi. A lokacin bazara, ana rera wakoki fiye da sau daya, ko da kadan melancholy.

Bidiyo tare da rikodin muryar robin a kasan labarin.

Ina zaryanki yake zaune?

Bird yana zaune a:

Galibi suna ganin zaryanka a cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi daban-daban a wuraren budewa.

Zaryanka yana zaune a Turai da Ingila. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a sassan arewacin yankin suna ƙaura kudu a cikin hunturu zuwa Arewacin Afirka, gabashin Siberiya da Iran. Hakanan nau'in ya kasance a tsibirin Atlantika, irin su Madeira, Canary da Azores. Yunkurin sake tura zaryanyka zuwa wasu nahiyoyi bai yi nasara ba.

Robin raba abinci

Tushen abinci shine kwari iri iri, kwari. Robin yana son cin abinci da ciyawar ciyawa tare da 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa.

Kodayake waɗannan samfuran suna shiga menu kawai a cikin lokacin bazara-kaka. Dabbobin da ba su cikin dabbobi sukan fi su daga ƙasa. Zasu iya cin sawu kodayake, girman su. Zaryanka kawai suna kama da tsuntsaye masu zagaye, masu birgima. A zahiri, gashin tsuntsu bai dace da jikin mutum da wuri ba, yana haifar da ingantaccen rufin murfin.

A lokacin kaka-hunturu, tare da zuwan lokacin sanyi, zaryanki je neman asalin tushen abinci.Suna ciyarwa a kan dukkan nau'o'in tsaba, suna tashi wa masu ciyar da tsuntsaye don cin hatsi da crumbs na gurasa. Kuna iya haɗuwa da su a cikin tafkunan da ba a daskarewa ba.

A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, tsuntsaye na iya cin abincin dabbobi, saboda haka suna tafiya akan ruwa ba tare da tsoro ba. Rashin tsoron ɗan adam na roƙon mutum yana ba ta damar amfani da ayyukan sa a kowane lokaci.

Hakanan sau da yawa azaman masu diggers, wannan tsuntsun yana bi da bears da aladu na daji a cikin daji, wadanda suke haƙa ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya irin wannan balaguron tare da kawunan domin nuna musu yadda ake abinci.

Habitat

Hives suna tartsatsi a cikin Rasha ko'ina. Ana iya ganin su a yankuna na arewacin, da kuma tsakiyar yankin, a tsakanin tsuntsaye na yankin Moscow, har ma a Siberiya.

Robins ana samun su a Afirka, Asiya, amma, alal misali, ba sa rayuwa a Australia da Amurka. Da zarar sun yi kokarin kawo su can musamman, amma tsuntsayen ba su da tushe.

A karni na 20, kokarin yada tsuntsayen ya maimaita. A wannan karon, an zabi Oregon da British Columbia a matsayin gida na masu fashi, amma kuma har yanzun bai yi nasara ba.

Don mulkin tsuntsu ya yi girma da girma, yana buƙatar gandun daji ko gauraya tare da ƙoshin ƙasa. Idan robin ya zauna a cikin lambuna ko wuraren shakatawa, to, yana zaɓa musamman waɗanda ke da yawancin bushes. A cikin rassansu, tsuntsu kuma yana nuna zuriya.

Ban sha'awa! Akwai ra'ayi cewa "robin" ya sami sunan ba kawai saboda yanayin halayyar nono ba, amma kuma saboda kaunarsa don karkatar da ciyawar a cikin ciyawar rasberi (ba abin mamaki bane, baki baki, kamar gurasar burodin gurasa, kuma da gangan ake yin ciyawa a kusa da bushes bushes). A can ne mazauna bazara galibi sukan sami ƙwayayen kwai. Sun kira Zaryanka saboda, fara raira waƙar asuba, ta ci gaba har maraice. Kuma, samun ɗan hutawa, tare da blackbirds suna maraba da sabuwar rana.

A yankuna daban-daban, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna jagoranci rayuwa daban. A kudu - zauna, don ba a yin dogon-nisan jirgi na hunturu ba. A arewa suna yawo kamar haɗiyeamma a cikin bazara suna dawo da ɗayan farko.

Idan kuna sha'awar abin da tsuntsaye ke tashi kudu a cikin fall, muna ba da shawarar ku karanta labarin

Ban sha'awa! Robins, wanda mahaifarsa ta zama yankuna na arewa, ya fi girma girma fiye da takwarorinsu na kudanci. Kari akan haka, rigar su tayi haske.

Tsuntsayen ba sa sheka a gida a wuraren baƙansu. Ko da yin dogon saurin tashi zuwa yankuna masu daɗi, har yanzu a farkon bazara koyaushe suna komawa zuwa inda aka haife su don kiwon kajin.

Ban sha'awa! Tun daga shekarun 60s na karni na 20, an amince da wannan nau'in tsuntsayen (duk da cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba) a matsayin tsuntsu na Burtaniya. A cikin wannan ƙasar, tsuntsu yana da alaƙa da zuwan Kirsimeti. Har wa yau, akan katunan gaisuwa zaka iya ganin wayewar gari.

Adult zaryanka yana shirin jirgin sama

Kiwo da zuriya

Tsuntsayen Robin su kan haifi zuriya sau biyu a shekara. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin bazara da bazara, a karo na farko - a ƙarshen Mayu, na biyu - Yuli. Suna da kyakkyawar koyarwar mahaifa. Kuma idan ɗayan broods ɗin ya ɓace saboda kowane dalili, za su iya fara haifarwa a watan Agusta.

Abin ban sha'awa shine haɗuwar iyaye a nan gaba. Ba kamar sauran nau'in dabbobi ba, mace na yin himma. Tana tashi zuwa ƙasar maza ta fara raira masa waƙa, tana ba da fikafikanta nesa. Namiji ya nuna halin kishi, yana kiyaye iyakar yankin.

Ya fara yin halayyar, hayaniya mai ban tsoro, rawar jiki mai ban tsoro, bayan wannan mace, kamar dai a tsorace da hidimtawa, tana girgiza wutsiyarta, komawa zuwa wata itaciya kusa da ita ko daji. Wannan tsararrakin yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 3-4.

Kowace rana, amarya mai dabara tana ƙoƙarin nuna rashin taimako ta hanyar ɗora kanta a gaban wanda aka zaɓa. Bayan wannan, rokon da bautar ƙasa galibi suna yin 'ya'ya.

Don sanya ƙwai, mace ta fara gina gida.An gina shi daga rassan, Tushen, ciyawa da takarda, tare da tushe mai zurfi daga tsarin datti. Kuma yana cikin ƙananan ƙananan bishiyoyi, bushes, ƙasa ko ginin gini, a cikin ingantaccen wurin kariya.

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ne amma ba tsuntsayen lumana ba.

Zaryanka tana da zafin rai yayin kare yankin sa. Jayayya da sauran tsuntsayen sun ci gaba zuwa cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, tsawan tsawan zanza, zanyanki peck da kuma yiwa juna rauni. Duk maza suna kallon juna, suna cika kirji, suna nuna gashin fuka-fukan. Manufar shine a danna abokin hamayya a ƙasa, wanda ke nufin shan kashi. Wasu fadace-fadace wani lokaci suna ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin mahalarta.

Zaryanka na iya fitar da babban tsuntsu daga yankin ta. Hakanan zata iya kai hari game da tunaninta idan ta ga gashin fuka-fuka. Tsuntsu ya yi kwararo kuma yana saukar da fikafikan sa’ad da ya shiga yaƙi.

Abubuwan Kyau

Zaryanka yafi sauƙin gani a hoto fiye da rayuwa. Kuma ma'anar ba wai ita ce ta jagoranci rayuwa ta sirri ba (duk da cewa, akwai wasu gaskiya game da wannan), amma cewa tana da cikakken hannu.

Bayani na farko game da wannan nau'in mallakar Linnaeus ne. Tun daga karni na 17, a cikin aikinsa "Tsarin Yanayi", wanda aka sani a tsakanin masana ilmin halitta, masanin kimiyyar ya fassara zaryanka, bayan yayi nazarin dukkan halayensa.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Sunan kimiyya - Motacilla rubecula, ya hada da takamaiman sunan da jigon epithet (rubecula), wanda aka fassara shi zuwa Rasha kamar "ja".

Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a matsakaici kusan shekaru 5, kodayake suna iya kasancewa har zuwa 12. Amma a tsakanin kananan dabbobi, mace-mace ta yi yawa, da farko saboda haushin juna. Gabaɗaya, akwai ra'ayi tsakanin masana game da ilimin halittaka cewa idan robin shege ya rayu shekara ta farko, to yana da babban damar mutuwa tuni yana ɗan shekaru 10 (da mazan su girma).

Babu bayanin da ya kammala ba tare da labarin yadda wannan tsuntsun ke rerawa ba. Abin farin ciki ne a saurari robin, ba don komai ba ne cewa ana ɗaukar kusan mawaƙan mawaƙa! Tsuntsu ya fara zana abubuwa kamar yadda wayewar gari ya waye, a ranar bai yi shiru ba, kuma lokacin faduwar rana ya sake shiga babban mawaƙa.

Waƙar nan da nan ta fito don tsabtatacciyar magana ta sauti, a cikin sa cikin hikima cike da murɗa da babbar murda da murnan murdawa.

A farkon bazara, ana iya jin sautin halayyar kusan kusan duk tsawon rana, amma kusa da lokacin rani, roban fashi sun farantawa masoyansu amintattu a maraice da kuma da safe.

Zarginka namiji yayi waka

Yadda insan fashi ke shiryawa don lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin

Zaryanki nau'i biyu a watan Janairu. Maza da mata suna zaune a cikin ƙasa guda har Maris, kare shi daga mamayewa daga masu fafatawa. Namiji yana waka da ƙarfi ga zaɓaɓɓen, wanda yake gina gida. A wannan lokacin, yakan kawo wa abokin tarayya abinci mai shayarwa. Amma ta hanzarta korar masu abincin. Lallai, mace tana cikin damuwa idan ta gina gida, kasancewar gaban mawaƙa kusa da ita wani lokaci yakan sanya zaryanka canza wurin aikinta.

Mata da maza 'yan fashi

Dangantaka da mutane

Mutane ba su tsoron ɓarnar tsaruwa kwata-kwata. A cikin hunturu, suna iya sauka cikin sauƙi kuma ɗaukar abinci daga hannunsu. A koyaushe suna rakiyar mazaunin bazara a lokacin narkar da ƙasa don cim ma tsutsotsin ko tsutsa cikin lokaci. A cikin zaman talala, kiyaye tsuntsu shima zai yiwu.

Tsuntsu zaiyi mawaƙa idan an kiyaye shi daidai. Kula yana da sauki, amma yana da wasu fasali. Misali, yan fashin suna matukar son yin iyo, kullun suna birgesu a cikin wanka na musamman, don haka ana basu shawarar canza ruwa akalla sau biyu a rana.

Tsuntsu ba kawai zai yi iyo da farin ciki ba, har ma ya cika, yana tsabtace gashinsa. Wannan hanya tana da ban sha'awa sosai a lura.

Nesting da zuriyar zaryanok

Mace na gina gida a metersan metersan mitana sama da ƙasa, ta ɓoye shi da kyau a tsakanin ciyayi, har ila yau, za ta iya zama cikin rami ko ƙamshi a bango na dutse da a wurare da baƙi, kamar akwatin gidan waya ko tukunyar da aka binne a ƙasa!

Matar fara gini a ƙarshen Maris. Gefen gida an yi shi da busasshen ganye da gansakuka.A ciki an shimfiɗa ta da ganye mai bushe da asalinsu, ulu da gashinsa.

Zaryanka yawanci tana sanya kwai 5 masu haske da alamun duhu. Shiryawa yana kimanin kwanaki 13, mace ta ƙyashe shafin kanta. A wannan lokacin, mahaifiyar tana barin gida a kai a kai don ciyar, amma abokin tarayya ma yana kawo mata abinci.

Arean gwaiba na ƙwayayen ƙwai suna cire kai tsaye daga gida ta macen, wanda wani lokacin yakan ci wani ɓangare na harsashi don alli.

A cikin sati na farko na rayuwar kajin, mahaifiyarsu ke ciyar da su, namiji yakan kawo abinci a gida don abokin tarayya. Daga sati na biyu, iyayen biyu suna ciyar da kajin. Yarinya zaryanki barin gida kamar mako biyu bayan kyankyashe;

Mace a cikin lokacin kiwo wani lokacin tana sanya kama na biyu a cikin guda, amma sau da yawa a cikin sabon gida.

Zaryanka ta kasance ne a cikin tsari na Passeriformes, dan gidan tsalle-tsalle. Akwai da yawa albashinka na zaryanka, wanda zaku iya koya game da ƙasa. Javanese dutse zaryanyka - yana zaune a tsibirin Java, Indonesia, Asiya Asiaarami. Tsuntsu yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, saboda rashin buƙatar aiwatar da jirgin sama na hunturu. A canza launin wannan nau'in, launuka masu haske sun mamaye. Gabaɗaya, mafi nisan kudu tsuntsaye na rayuwa, mafi kyawun launinta.

• Javanese zaryanyka. Yana da cm 16 a tsayi kuma 15-16 grams a cikin nauyin jikin mutum. Gidajen kusa kusa da tafkuna.
• Blue-blue dutse zaryanka. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai launi, mai haske. Tsayin jiki 15-16 cm, nauyi 16-17 grams. Abinda aka mamaye shine da shuɗi da shuɗi, wanda hakan yasa tsuntsun yayi kama da aku. Mazaunan Afirka, Asiya, Indonesia.

• Mountain Zaryanka mai farin fari. Ya bambanta da jinsunan da suka gabata a gaban fararen launi a cikin wutsiya. Yana zaune a Siberiya, a cikin Caucasus. Girman suna kama da nau'ikan da suka gabata.

• Zaryanka mai launin baki ko Ryukyus Nightingale. Tana zaune a Japan, Taiwan, tsibirin Ryukyu, a yankin Tekun Kudancin China. Siffar halayyar wannan rarar tsuntsaye ita ce baƙar fata da take a kai da kuma brisket. Ryukyu Nightingale shine mai mallakar kyakkyawan murya. Yana gida a cikin gandun daji.

• Zaryanyka Jafananci. Ganin tsibiran Jafananci da tarin tsibiran Izu. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin Rasha a tsibirin Sakhalin da Kudancin Kuril. Af, an haɗa tsuntsu a cikin Littafin Ruha na Sakhalin kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariyar Reshen Kurilsky. Tsawon jikin wannan tsuntsu shine 14 cm, nauyi 16 grams. A cikin wannan nau'in, ana bayyana ƙarancin jima'i. Namiji shine mai mallakar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki shine shuɗi, mace kuwa sautin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, acikin tsarin launinta babu ruwan launi da shuɗi. Zaryanyka na Jafananci yana da ƙarin rashi biyu. Banbance banbance su a cikin masauki kawai. Nauyin tallafin farko yana zaune ne a tsibirin Sakhalin, arewacin Japan, kudancin China, da kuma a tsibirin Rashin. Nau'o'i na biyu suna zaune a tsibiran: Yakushima, Tanegashima, Izu tarin tsibiri. Ba'a lura da bambance-bambancen launi tsakanin masu tallatawa.

Abin da kuma yadda 'yan fashi ke ci

Tsuntsu ya ci galibi kwari da kuma gizo-gizo, har ma da 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries da tsaba a cikin ruwan sanyi, yana cin ciyawar ƙasa.

A farkon lokacin bazara, kwari sukan girka abinci mai yawa, kuma zaryanka yana ciyar da tsutsotsi, katantanwa, gizo-gizo, da sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki. Yana cin 'ya'yan itace sosai (suna cin kusan kashi 60% na abinci duk shekara), berries na daji. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sukan kama tsuntsaye da tsutsotsin ƙasa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Bird Robin

Flycatchers sune mafi yawa kuma wakilai na Passeriformes na dangi. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta adadin su daga 135 zuwa 335 dubu mutane. Mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a Turai. Zuwa yau, babu abin da ke barazanar yawan jama'a. Duk da cewa tsuntsayen suna da wasu 'yan kalilan a cikin yanayin al'amuransu kuma galibin kurorinsu duk sun lalace, kuma kajin sun mutu, yawansu na da natsuwa.

A yawancin ƙasashe na duniya, ana adana satar abubuwa kamar yadda dabbobi. Karin magana, karin waƙoƙi shine babban amfani da kuma amfanin tsuntsaye.Bugu da kari, da yawa suna zabarsa saboda yanayin rashin tsare su da kuma yanayin abokantaka, mai wasan kwaikwayo. A karkashin yanayin halitta, tsuntsaye suna kiwon kajin sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya sa yawan mawaƙa ke da tabbaci. A gida, tare da ingantaccen abun ciki, tsuntsaye kuma suna haɓaka samfuransu. A wasu halayen, akwai karuwa mai yawa a cikin tsammanin rayuwa.

Ruwan Bird - Wannan ƙarami ne, kyakkyawa mai waka. Ita ce ma'abuciyar kyakkyawar murya mai kyaun gani kuma tana da iyawa ta canza timbre da tonality. Tsuntsayen da aka fi so suna da girma kamar dabbobi.