Cute orange soso ruwan lemo (Tethya aurantium) wani wakilin aji ne na soso (Demospongiae). An bayyana nau'ikan jinsin da dadewa - har zuwa 1766, daga shahararren masanin kimiyyar dabi'ar nan na kasar Amurka P. S. Pallas (Peter Simon Pallas).
A cikin ƙasashen da ke magana da Turanci, wani lokaci ana kiran wannan sosoon "sojan ƙwallon golf."

Orange orange yana da jiki mai sihiri, wanda ya kai girman of 2 zuwa 10 cm. Saman jikin wannan soso an rufe shi da wasu warts da tubercles, wanda, hade da launin shuɗi-orange, yana bawa wannan dabba kwatankwacin 'ya'yan itace - orange.
A cikin sashi na sama akwai karamin bakin - rami ta hanyar abin da choanocytes ke aiwatar da ruwan ruwa. Wani lokacin yana cikin nutsuwa da abubuwan da ke tattare da kwarangwal mai lalacewa da alama cewa soso yana da bakuna da yawa. Idan ka kalli bakin ruwan orange, zaku iya ganin cewa silsilar kwarangwal dinsa yana wakilta ta hanyar allura ta radially hade da abubuwa masu karkatacciyar fasahar da aka kirkira ta hanyar kananan allurar tauraruwa mai tauraro wacce take da girman 30-100 μm da kuma manyan spicules uniaxial masu dauke da 510 - 850 microns a tsawon. An soso soso zuwa cikin abin da ke tattare da ragbus, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan kashin baya, waɗanda ke rufe da ƙasa.
Tukwici da allurai kwarangwal suna haɓaka sama da tarin fitsari, don haka tsawanta hulɗa da jikin wannan soso zai iya haifar da hangula ga fatar hannayen.
Launin jikin wannan soso na iya bambanta daga launin rawaya zuwa ruwan lemo mai laushi.

Yankin ruwan lemo na teku ya hada da tekuna da yawa na Tekun Atlantika, da suka hada da Gulf of Guinea, Tekun Bahar Rum, gabar Tekun Atlantika ta Turai (kafin Norway), yankin yammacin tekun Atlantika, ciki har da Caribbean.

Ana samo lemuran teku a cikin keɓaɓɓu da kuma yankuna, da ke zaune a kan duwatsu, daɓar tekuna da ƙananan duwatsu a zurfin har zuwa mita 150. Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗan wakilcin maras ma'amala na sponges, galibi suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mara zurfi, a cikin yankin yankin. Wani lokaci sukan zauna a cikin kogunan ruwa na ciki da kantuna.

Kamar sanannun tsintsayen ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ruwan lemo na teku yake' daukar 'kwayar halittar jikinsa, wanda yake bayar da iskar oxygen zuwa ga “maigidan” su, abincin sa ne, cire sinadarin carbon a jiki, da kuma sanya launi na soso a launuka daban-daban. Wadannan tsirrai na symbiotic suna zaune a jikin jikin soso, a cikin tashoshi da dakuna na tsarin ban ruwa na shi.
Na dogon lokaci, masana kimiyya sun rikita batun - ta yaya wadannan kananan kananan kwayoyin suke aiwatar da daukar hoto a dunkule, cikin jikin soso? Tabbas, don al'ada wannan tsari, ana buƙatar haske.
Wani bincike mai ban sha'awa game da wannan batun wani gungun masana kimiyyar Jamus daga Stuttgart, waɗanda suka yanke shawara cewa tsire-tsire na symbiotic suna karɓar haske ta hanyar nau'ikan fiber na fiber, rawar da ke gudana ta hanyar ƙasusuwa na soso.
Godiya ga allura, tukwicin wanda ya zube sama da jikin jikin soso, hasken rana yana iya shiga cikin bangarorin duhu na jikinta, yana taimaka wa tsirrai wanzu da kuma aiwatar da ayyukansu masu amfani ga gizo-gizo.

Gwajin da masana kimiyya suka kafa mai sauki ne: an sanya soso na ruwan lemo a cikin jirgin ruwa mai duhu, a jikinshi wanda aka gabatar da wata takarda mai daukar hoto. Lokacin da yake haskaka saman soso, toho ya bayyana a kan takarda, wanda yake a gefen ƙarshen kashin, waɗanda suke asalin fiber. Masu binciken sun maimaita gwajin tare da wani nau'in soso wanda ba shi da spicules tare da tukwici waɗanda ke saman jikin. Lokacin da yake haskaka irin wannan soso a cikin jirgin ruwa mai duhu, takaddar hoto ta kasance mara nauyi. Thearshen yana nuna kanta.

Sponges, a matsayin rukuni-rukuni na dabbobi na ruwa mai ruwa, narke a jikinsu da yawa maganganu na injiniya na asali masu ban sha'awa. Menene bude ido game da kasusuwa na gilashin gilashin da aka halitta ta yanayi? Babu wani daga cikin fitattun halittun mutum da aka gina ta amfani da jakar kaya na ilimi da kuma dokokin injiniyoyi, lissafi, kimiyyan lantarki, kimiyyar lissafi, da dai sauransu, da za su iya gasa da mahalli-masanin halitta, wanda ba ya cikin hanzarin bayyana asirin. gwanin su.

Venus Basket - soso na kyakkyawa mai ban mamaki

Yaya ruwan orange yake kama kuma me yasa aka kira shi?

Wannan soso ya san mutum fiye da shekaru 200. Masanin kimiyya na kasar Jamus Peter Pallas ne ya bayyana shi a 1766.

Ruwan Orange (Tethya aurantium).

Me yasa ruwan zaki - ka tambaya. Dubi hoto kuma fahimtar komai: siffar wannan dabbar tana da sihiri. An rufe shi da abubuwan fashewa da ƙurajewar “warty”, kamar bawo na lemun tsami. Kuma a ƙarshe, launi: o orange ne.

Zurfin ruwan jikin mutum daga tabar wiwi ya kai mil 2 zuwa 10. Kashi na sama na “ball” na soso an sanye shi da wani matattakala na musamman, wanda dabbar ke gudanad da ruwan rafi.

Inda lemu mai rai ke zaune

Matsayinsu ya ƙunshi tekuna da yawa na Tekun Atlantika Ana iya samun wannan soso na teku a cikin Bahar Rum, tare da duk tsawon tekun Atlantika na Turai (har zuwa Norway kanta). Bugu da kari, lemuran teku "sun yi girma" a yammacin tsibirin Atlantic: a cikin Caribbean, alal misali.

Tekun Orange Rayuwa

Daga cikin dukkan wakilan sponges a duniyar tamu, lemu na teku ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan ƙasa ne, galibi ana samunsu kusa da bakin tekun.

Ruwan lemo suna zaune a cikin mazauna, wasu lokuta su kaɗai.

Ruwan lemo ya mamaye duka mutane guda ɗaya kuma a cikin ikon mallaka. Sun zauna a kan matsaloli, wani lokacin kuma suna son kogunan ruwa da gadajewar katako.

Kamar sauran wakilan soso, ruwan lemu na teku suna da wani sabon yanki a cikin su - algae. Mafi daidai, algae suna cikin wasu nau'ikan "zaman talala" kusa da soso. Godiya ga wannan baƙon "haɗin gwiwa", sponges na teku suna karɓar oxygen don kansu, wanda yake wajibi ne don numfashi da aiki na al'ada gaba ɗaya na kwayoyin.

Ruwan lemu suna kama da garin citrus na ƙasa.

Baya ga gaskiyar cewa algae suna samar da soso da iskar oxygen, suma suna jawo duk wasu abubuwan da basa buƙata daga jikin dabbar, don haka suna tsarkake shi. spons suna da fa'ida sosai, ba ku tunani?

Sponges - “masu kirkiro” sabbin fasahohi

Wannan na iya zama almara almarar farko, amma wanene kuma amma dabi'a tana koya mana komai sabo da cigaba. Don haka gizo-gizo kuma suka ba da gudummawa. Misali, nazarin kasusuwa na wasu nau'ikanin gizo-gizo, wadanda aka yi tunaninsu ta hanyar mafi karancin bayanai, masana kimiyya sun gano sabbin hanyoyin injiniyanci kuma suna yin bincike mai ban mamaki a duniyar kimiyya.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Siffofin girma gidajen Citrus

Kowace al'ada tana da halaye na haɓaka na kanta, amma akwai sharuɗan ƙa'idodi da yawa ga duka dangi.

• Citrus tsire-tsire masu zafi, ba su jure sanyi. Koyaya, a cikin hunturu, zazzabi a cikin ɗakin yana buƙatar rage kadan. Rashin hasken rana yana haifar da yankewar shuka, ganye ya faɗi a kashe. Don adana shuka, sanya shi ƙarƙashin fitilar hasken rana ko rage zafin jiki na ɗakin.
• Citruses suna matukar matukar bukatar hasken rana, ka basu daki a taga ko kuma gabas. Idan kuna shirin dasa ruwan 'ya'yan lemo a cikin gidan shinkafa, zaɓi wani wurin buɗe ido, wanda yake da rana.
• Matsakaicin gwargwadon yawan zafin jiki da zafi ga abubuwan citrus shine + 18 digiri da 70%. Don cimma ƙimar kimar abubuwa, fesa tsirrai tare da ruwan dumi sau da yawa a rana.
• Idan babu lokacin damuwa tare da rage yawan zafin jiki na yanayi, tsire-tsire suna zaune a gida ba su wuce shekaru 4 ba.
• Bayar da shuka na yau da kullun da yawan shuka, amma a tabbata cewa ƙasa tana da lokaci don bushewa.

Siffofin girma mandarin

Mandarin shine mafi yawan ruwan 'ya'yan itace citrus don amfanin gida. Ya fada cikin ƙauna tare da lambu don sababbin ganye mai ganye, furanni masu launin fari, da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Koyaya, tangerines da aka girma a gida suna da darajar ado kawai, saboda yawan acid mai yawa ba zai yiwu su ci ba. Mandarin yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullum da kuma fesawa akai-akai. Yawancin bishiyar tayi girma, da yawan ruwa tana kwararawa kuma tana bukatar. Amma ka mai da hankali don kada overmoisten ƙasa, Tushen suna da illa ga kasancewa cikin ruwa. Manyan miya tare da takin ma'adinai wajibi ne don tangerine a cikin bazara, kafin fure.

Zuba ruwa mandarin tare da taki 1-2 sau a mako. Shiga cikin samuwar kambi na itace a cikin matarin matasa, kaɗa manyan harbe domin sa rassan a ƙarshen su girma. Cire duka amma kwaya daya a kai a kai. Erananan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun girma a itace, mafi girma za su zama. A shekara mai zuwa, ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin kwaro. Kula da itacen tare da tangerines, kuma zai ba ku amsar da kyawawan furanni da ƙanshin ganyen citrus.

Siffofin girma orange

Shuka bishiyar orange a gida yana da ban sha'awa. Girma a cikin yanayi zuwa 7 m tsawo, gidan yana iyakantacce zuwa gida 3. Don dasa ruwan lemo, ɗauki zuriya daga 'ya'yan itacen da aka ci ko kuma ciyawar itace daga itacen da aka riga aka girma. Abu ne mai sauƙin samu iri, amma bishiyar da aka shuka daga tsaba zata fara bada 'ya'ya a baya cikin shekaru 7. Yankan hanya ce mai sauri. Kula da lemu ya yi kama da kula da sauran ruwan lemo: na yau da kullum da wadatar ruwa, yawan fesawa, kayan miya a cikin bazara kafin lokacin fure. Amma akwai kuma fasalin: kar a sassauta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuka, don kada a lalata asalin Tushen.

Don dasa orange, ɗaukar tsaba na 'ya'yan itacen da aka dafa, shirya akwati, cika shi tare da cakuda ƙasa mai kyau da peat. Zurfin dasa shuki ya kusan 1 cm, nisa tsakanin plantings ba ƙasa da cm 5. Yi tsammanin harbe na farko a cikin makonni biyu. A wannan matakin, aiwatar da aikin bakin ciki, bar karfi mai karfi, cire masu rauni. Sanya sauran sprouts a ƙarƙashin fim ko kwalba. Rashin shuka tsire-tsire, cire kore a kowane maraice na rabin sa'a. Canza kananan bishiyoyi masu zuwa nan gaba zuwa cikin tukwane daban bayan bayyanar biyun na ganye na hakika.

Za a buƙaci dasawa ta biyu lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai tsawo na 20 cm, to sai a fara samuwar kambi na itacen gaba. Zaɓi don orange wuri mai fadi a kan windowsill kuma kar ku taɓa shi, canjin mazaunin yana haifar da faduwa cikin ganyayyaki. 'Ya'yan itãcen orange ma na ado ne kawai a cikin yanayi, don samun lemu mai daɗi da lemo mai buƙatar shekaru da yawa na aikin zaɓi.

Yin amfani da ka'idodin ƙa'idoji na 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus, dasa' ya'yan itacen da kuka fi so, innabi, lemun tsami, lemun tsami, citron a gida. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, 'ya'yan lemun tsami na shekaru da yawa suna faranta wa masu runduna rai tare da fure.