Abubuwan da ke cikin juzu'in ƙarƙashin ƙasa sun ƙunshi manyan shahararrun dabbobi da yawa. Wannan kwaro ana iya samunsa ko'ina a cikin duniyarmu, ban da na Arewa mai nisa. A subcutaneous gadfly wani nau'i ne na dabbobi, duk da haka, dabbobin gida yawanci ana azabtar dasu, wakilan wani nau'in tallafin daban yana cikin jikin mutum. Wane irin barazana ne ya yi?

Hanyoyi na shiga jikin jakar

Abunda aka san subcutaneous gadfly shine saboda larvae yana shiga ƙarƙashin fata mai ɗaukar ta kuma dan wani lokaci yayi ƙaura cikin kyallen, yana haifar da cututtukan fata. Amma ta yaya zasu hau jikin maigidansu? Wannan an ba shi ta hanyar gadfly, wanda ke sanya ƙwai akan fata dabbobi, galibi yakan haɗu da su daban-daban a cikin rigar, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci larvae ya fito daga gare su kuma ya sami tushe a ƙarƙashin murfin.

Tsayawa a matakin farko na ci gaban su, larvae a koyaushe yana cikin jikin jigilar jigilar su. Tare da kusanci da kashi na biyu, gab da motar, sai su sami kansu a baya. A wannan lokacin, a wannan bangare na jikin dabba zai zama bayyane nodules tare da fistulas - buɗe kanti. Godiya garesu, larf na larf na fata wanda ke ƙarƙashin fata yana da damar yin numfashi, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci ta waɗannan ramuka sosai suna fita waje.

Cutar da dabbobi

Zaman farauta na bovine gadfly yana farawa ne a watan Yuni kuma ya ƙare a watan Satumba. A wannan lokacin, matan da suka hadu suna aiki sosai, suna neman wanda za a cutar da shi.

Parasitizing a cikin jikin shanu, subcutaneous gadfly sau da yawa yana haifar da haɓakar cuta mai haɗari - hypodermatosis. Wannan cuta na faruwa ne bayan dogon jinkirin da ke cikin jikin jigilar kayan sa, kimanin watanni 7. A wannan lokacin, larvae na subcutaneous gadfly suna da lokacin da zasu iya cutar da gabobi da kasusuwa, da fatar dabba.

A bayanin kula! Gadfly larvae asirce na musamman mai guba abu - hypodermotoxin. Tare da nama da madara na dabba mai kamuwa da cuta, yana iya shiga jikin mutum, yana da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar!

Fistulas da ke ba da shawarar kasancewar hypodermatosis ana iya samun su a jikin dabbobi daga watannin ƙarshe na hunturu zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani. A lokaci guda, larvae sami damar wanzu a cikin capsules na dogon lokaci - kimanin watanni 1-3. Bayan sun fita waje, suna fadi a ƙasa, yawanci a cikin taki, inda suke juya zuwa pupae.

A bayanin kula! A lokaci guda, har ma kwari da suka fadi akan dalibi suna da haɗari - lardin 10 kawai, waɗanda suke mataki na uku na haɓakarsu, na iya kamuwa da kusan 40% na dabbobi!

Tasiri

Kamuwa da cuta da ƙwallon ƙyalle mai zurfi yana haifar da sakamako masu zuwa:

• Shanu suna da raguwa a yawan amfanin madara kusan 7%.
• Yaran dabbobi sun tsinkaye ci gaban.
• Ga masana'antar fata, fatar dabbobin da suka sami hypodermatosis suna da ramuka waɗanda ke lalata kayan albarkatun fata.
• Don masana'antun nama, capsules wanda ci gaban larvae yana buƙatar cirewa, saboda abin da mafi yawan nama ya ɓace, wani lokacin tare da kamuwa da cuta mai mahimmanci ya zama dole a yanka kusan 10% na albarkatun ƙasa.

Yin rigakafin

Don hana yaduwar bovine gadfly, dole ne a bincika dabbobi lokaci-lokaci don fistulas.

A cikin lokaci daga Maris zuwa Mayu, yana da kyau a gwada hankali da baya na shanu da dawakai - wannan dabarar za ta ba ku damar gano nodules na subcutaneous cikin lokaci.

Mahimmanci! Idan kun sami nodules, yakamata ku tuntuɓi likitan dabbobi!

Hadari ga dabbobi

Kudin larvae na iya bayyana a cikin kare. Mafi yuwuwar wuraren kamuwa da cuta a wannan yanayin sune wuraren da ciyawa masu tsayi ke tsiro kuma ana iya samun isasshen yawan ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki.

A bayanin kula! Kamuwa da cuta tare da larvae na gadfly subcutaneous na iya shafar puan kwikwiyo waɗanda ba su taɓa yin titi ba. A wannan yanayin, sanadin kamuwa da cuta zai zama mahaifiyarsu, wacce ta kawo parasites a wuyanta!

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Gadfly yana cikin gidan kwari na kwari na parateitic parathitic arthropod wadanda ke da nasaba da lafiyar dan adam, watau, kwari ne na synanthropic. Dukkansu sun sanya ƙwaiyensu cikin nama mai rai. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan gadflies iri-iri 170, kuma wasu daga cikinsu na iya cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam har ma suna haifar da mutuwarsu. An gano tsoffin burbushin wadannan kwari kamar su a Amurka a cikin abubuwan da suka dame su sama da shekaru miliyan 50 da suka fara tun zamanin Eocene.

Jiyya

Lokacin da karnuka suka kamu da cutar ta hanyar katsewa, magani zai danganta ne da matakin ci gaban kwayar cutar.

1. Amintaccen cire tsutsa daga jikin dabbar zai yuwu muddin gurbi ya gama ƙaurarsa kuma ya tsaya a wani wuri. A lokaci guda, ana iya samo shi ba kawai a baya ba, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta da shanu, amma kuma a hanci da ido.
2. Idan tsutsa na ƙwayar subcutaneous gadfly har yanzu yana a matakin farko na haɓakawa kuma har yanzu yana ƙaura a cikin jiki, to a wannan yanayin yana da kyau a yi amfani da ɗayan magungunan antiparasitic, wanda ke nuna rawar gani iri-iri. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi na iya rage kwari kuma su rage alamomin idan ana zargin cewa kwayoyin suna motsawa zuwa hujin dabba.
3. Idan an tabbatar da cutar ta ƙarshe, to corticosteroids suma ana wajabta su.

Mahimmanci! Yana da kyau a gano ƙananan kitfly a jikin karen da wuri-wuri. Idan ka jinkirta, to aikin mai mahimmanci na iya haifar da lalacewawar jijiyoyi. Kuma tare da ƙarancin hasashen hangen nesa, euthanasia ita ce kawai hanyar fita!

Bidiyo: Gadfly

Mafi yawan nau'ikan hatsflies:

• Baƙon Ba'amurke,
• doki ko ciki
• bosins baraftan gadfly,
• rami ko nasopharyngeal tumaki gadfly.

Dukkansu sun banbanta da matsayin parasitism, hanyar shigar da ƙwayayensu cikin jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, da nau'in buɗe bakin. Kowane nau'in ya fi son amfani da wani dabba don ciyar da zuriyarsa. Mafi haɗari ga mutane shine bayyanar ciki da ciki.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don kamuwa da cuta da waɗannan cututtukan, mutum wani lokacin kawai yana buƙatar cin abinci a saman abin da ƙwai na gadfly suka zo. A cikin jikin mutum, larvae zai fara haɓaka sosai, yana ciyar da ganima, kuma mutum yana rasa mahimmancin makamashi. Igrationaura daga larvae ta hanyar haifar da cututtukan cututtukan cuta wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar matsalolin kiwon lafiya, mutuwar mutane ba sabon abu bane.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Abin da gadfly yayi kama

Duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan gadflies, dukkansu suna da fasali iri daya game da tsarin jikinsu da sihiri mai kama:

• tsayin jikinsu ya bambanta daga 1.5 zuwa 3 cm, ya danganta da nau'in,
• da bakin magana ba ya nan ko an rage shi, kuma idan an yi bincike kusa, za ku iya ganin kwararan majami'a a kai,
• jiki mai yawan villi,
• manyan idanu masu yalwar launuka masu yawa,
• zagaye jiki, fadi da yawa
• gadfly yana da kafafu shida, kafafu na gaba sun fi gajerun kafafu kamar yadda kafafu biyu ke gaba,
• fuka-fukai masu kauri-mesh translucent, dan kadan fiye da jiki.

Dangane da jinsin da mazauninsu, launi na kwari mai kwari yana iya bambanta. Kudancin latitude ana nuna su ne ta kasancewar launin rawaya mai launin ruwan hoda a jikin jikin gizagirat. A arewa, waɗannan kwari suna da nutsuwa, maimakon launi mara launi: launin toka mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa, launuka daban-daban na shuɗi. Gadflies sau da yawa ana rikita su tare da dawakai, amma idan kuka bincika bayyanar waɗannan kwari, bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan kwari suna da mahimmanci, kuma ƙarshen na jini ne.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Na'urorin haɓaka suna iya tashi da saurin gudun kilomita 120 a sa'a guda, wanda yake daidai da saurin ƙawancen.

Tsutsa tsutsa da tsutsawa daga gadflies ya kai tsawon 2-3 cm Jikin yana da datti fari cikin launi an rarrabe zuwa kashi daban. Ta motsa tare da taimakon ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman.

Ina gadfly ke zaune?

Hoto: Kwayar gadfly

Wadannan kwari kamar kwari suna yadu cikin duniya, suna rayuwa a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi banda yankuna inda yayi sanyi sosai kuma yana kiyaye kullun. Suna daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗawar zafi da ƙoshin ƙarfi a cikin latitude kudu - a nan za ku iya samun su cikin adadi mai yawa. A Rasha, ana samun wasu nau'in har ma a arewacin ƙasar, Urals, Siberiya. Bayanai waɗanda ke da haɗari musamman ga rayuwa da lafiyar ɗan adam suna rayuwa ne kawai cikin yanayin zafi, gumi kuma basa faruwa a cikin ƙasarmu.

Tun don shayarwa suna buƙatar kasancewar yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna zaunar da kusa da gonakin dabbobi da makiyaya. Za'a iya lura da ɗimbin manya manya a kusa da koguna, fadama, tafkuna. Suna son zafi, rana da danshi. Yawancin lokaci, na'urori sukan mamaye gandun daji, filaye da makiyaya, amma sun sake komawa wurin da suka saba zama kuma su ci gaba da zama a duk rayuwarsu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Faɗaɗɗa kan tumaki, shanu, gadflies suna haifar da babbar illa ga dabbobi. Idan babu isassun kayayyaki a fagen kallon mutumin da ya manyanta wanda qwai zai iya kwankwada a jikin mutum, to duk babbar sashin larvae tana zuwa dabba daya, wanda a gaba daya yawanci yake mutuwa cikin azaba. Amma harda da yawa daga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ciki na iya haifar da damuwa a cikin aikin gabobin dabbobi.

Me gadfly yake ci?

Mutane da yawa tsofaffi basu taɓa ciyarwa ba, ba su da haɓaka kayan aiki na baka, kuma gadflies sun wanzu ne kawai saboda ajiyar da aka tara, wanda, yayin da yake tsutsa tsutsa, “cin abinci” a cikin jikin dabba. A lokacin da yake gajeren rayuwa, babban magidanci yakan rasa kusan sulusin nauyinsa ya mutu saboda tsananin bacci. Don adana kuzari da tsawaita tsawon rayuwarsu, cikin iska mai sanyi da sanyi, mata suna ƙoƙarin motsawa kaɗan gwargwadon yiwuwar, sun kasance a wurare cikin keɓaɓɓe a cikin ciyawa, cikin hawan bishiyoyi.

Larvae yayi girma a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa saboda abubuwan gina jiki da aka samo a cikin kyallen jikinsa. Zasu iya yin ƙaura gwargwadon rundunarsu, suna zaɓar mahalli da yafi dacewa da abinci wa kansu. Ana samun wasu nau'in galibi a cikin hanji kuma, miyar, fita tare da fears na dabba, wasu ba suyi zurfi sosai ba, suna kusa da saman fata.

Wani lokacin larvae ya kai ga kwakwalwar mai masaukin su, yana sanya kwayar ido har ma da qwallan ido, yana haifar da cikakken makanta. A gaban parasites, jiki ya shafa yana asarar abinci mai guba cikin sauri, nauyi yana raguwa, fistulas fculas na farji a saman fatar, kuma ginin yana aiki.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kwari shine kwari kwari, suna haihuwar su larvae kuma a zahiri suka fesa cikin hanci, idanun maigidan nan gaba.

Yanzu kun san abin da ke faruwa lokacin da gadfly ya ciji. Bari mu gano yadda kwari suke rayuwa a cikin daji.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Gadfly cikin yanayi

Ga manyan kwari, samuwar abin da ake kira '' ɗan akuya '' halayyar mutum ne, lokacin da adadin mutane da yawa suka taru a busassun ƙasashe. Mace a lokacin balaguron da kansu sukan tashi zuwa wurinsu, sannan kuma nan da nan su je su nemi dabbar da ta dace da kwanciya. Ya danganta da nau'in parasite, mata suna yin halaye daban-daban yayin harin: wasu suna yin gajeren jirgin sama kuma suna rarrafe ga wanda aka azabtar, yayin da wasu, akasin haka, kewaya kan garken, suna yin sautin halayyar mai ƙarfi.

An bambanta Gadfly ta mahimmancin sa, basu barin dabbar kaɗai ba har tsawon lokaci har sai sun kai ga cimma burin su. Shanu suna jin kusancin waɗannan kwari kuma sau da yawa sukan shiga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi, suna dakatar da ruwan sha da ciyarwa. Suna nuna hali sosai kuma idan akwai babban ruwa na ruwa kusa da su sukan shiga ta hancin hancinsu, amma kuma a wannan yanayin gadfly yana da dabarar haɓaka.

Farkon lokacin bazara na gadflies, tsawon lokacinta ya dogara ne da yanayin bangarorin cigaban su. Ya fi tsayi sosai a cikin piedmont, yankuna masu tsaunuka, layin tsakiya da ya fi guntu a cikin yankuna na kudu, a kan iyakar arewacin mazauninsu. Ya danganta da yanayin zafin jiki, iska da kasantuwar hazo, kwanakin tashi sama za a iya canza su da makonni 2-3.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Kwayar gadfly

A gadfly yana da cikakkiyar hanyar sakewa: kwai, tsutsa, tsintsiya, da kuma girma - wani balagagge. Abun jira a rayuwa bai wuce shekara guda ba, duk da cewa imago ya wanzu daga sati zuwa wata daya, tunda gaba daya baya karbar abinci mai gina jiki daga waje. Bayan hadi da qwai, matar na neman sanya ta a jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da sauri.

Wasu nau'ikan gadflies suna amfani da sauro don gabatar da lardinsu a jikin dabbar: saboda wannan, suna sanya kwai zuwa kafafu na waɗannan dabbobin da ke shan jini kuma idan sauro ta haɗu da jikin wanda aka azabtar, ƙwanƙwasa larvae, ta shiga cikin hujin fitsari. M gadfly na iya sanya ƙwai a kan tsire-tsire, ciyarwa, wanda dabbobi sai ku ci.

Larvae ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin hanjinsu, sa'an nan kuma fita tare da zuriyar dabbobi a cikin hanyar pupated. Kwakwalwa na iya haɗa ƙoshinsu a cikin yanki na hanci, leɓun dabbobi, don lokacin da lamarun dabbobi suka hadiye su. Mace na da ƙwai 700 a lokaci guda, wanda ta buƙaci ta haɗu da sauri cikin wuri mai aminci, mai ɗumi. Mafi sau da yawa, gadfly yakan kama su zuwa gashin dabba, inda larvae suka samar a cikin ƙwai a ƙarƙashin zafin rana - kashi biyar bisa ɗari na masonry suka tsira.

Daga nan larvae ya ratsa ta ciki ya shiga cikin kyallen:

• A farkon matakin, tsutsa jikin mutum shine 1.5-2.5 mm, amma yana ciyar da jinin mai gida kuma yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci,
• a mataki na biyu na ci gabansa, tsawan da ya fi girma ya fi karfi yana kusanci zuwa fuskar fata kuma yana sakin abubuwa biyu don iskar oxygen. Manyan fistulas suna kan jikin dabbobi a wannan lokacin,
• Tafkin kariya daga kasusuwa masu hadewa suna farawa a cikin fistula, Anan tsutsa ya girma zuwa matakin ɗaliban sannan ya fita,
• kan aiwatar da sauyawa da pupa a cikin wani yanayi zai dauki kwanaki 20 zuwa 40.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don waɗannan ɓarna don shiga jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsarin manya daga pupae yana ɗaukar fewan mintuna kaɗan kuma kusan nan da nan an haife wani tsuntsuwa wanda ke da ikon tashi da kuma abokin aure.

Abokan gaba na gadflies

Gadfly yana da ƙarancin abokan gaba na halitta don dalilin da ya sa ɗan adam ya rayu ƙanƙanuwa kuma ya fi son ɓoye cikin wurare mara duhu. Idan mata suna yin jirgin sama, to, wani lokacin ma maza basa tashi kwata-kwata daga saman ciyawa. Farauta don gadfly, yayin da tsofaffi da lardin su, na iya zama galibi tsuntsaye ne kawai, wasu lokuta tsararru da kuma sutturar salla suna haɗuwa da su. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da waɗannan kwari a matsayin makamin ƙaman halitta akan gadflies.

Dangane da mummunar lalacewar da wadannan kwari suka yi wa garken dabbobi, ana gwagwarmaya koyaushe a kan gadflies. Ana amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun don fesa mazauninsu, ana kula da fatar shanu azaman hanyar kariya - tare da magani na lokaci, za a iya kiyaye dabbobi daga shigar azzakari cikin farji zuwa cikin jiki. An lura cewa a lokacin bazara mai aiki na waɗannan kwari na kwari, kwari dabbobi suna rage kashi ɗaya bisa uku, madara tana ƙaruwa da kashi 15 cikin ɗari.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gadfly sun fi son zama a tsakanin ciyayi mai yawa, inda zasu iya ɓoyewa, don haka wani lokacin ya isa ya cire bushes da yankan ciyawa don sanya su ɓace daga wani yanki na ƙasa.

Farancin ɗan adam mai haɗari ba zai iya rayuwa a yanayin yanayinmu ba, amma a cikin yanayin Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka yana jin daɗin jin daɗi.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Abin da gadfly yayi kama

Abun mamaki, daidaituwa na gadflies da kuma karamin adadin abokan halitta sun basu damar ninkawa zuwa adadi mai yawa, ta hanyar haifar da asara mai yawa ga gonakin dabbobi. Duk da irin matakan da mutane suke amfani da shi ta fuskar yaduwar cuwa-cuwa, yawansu yana samun sauki cikin hanzari cikin kankanin lokaci. Halin da jinsin yake kwanciyar hankali kuma kusan ba shi da illa ko da canje-canje a yanayin muhalli a yanayinsa.

Farfin tsofaffin dabbobi basa taɓa shan jini, amma wani lokacin suna iya jin haushi sau da yawa fiye da yadda aka saba da dawakai kuma suna haifar da mummunar matsalar kiwon lafiya, har ma da mutuwa. A saboda wannan dalili, mutane suna kuma buƙatar kare kansu daga hare-hare idan suna waje tare da keɓaɓɓu, kuma suna kiyaye ƙa'idodi na aminci.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan an gano larva na gadfly a cikin ɗan adam, to, ana cire su ta hanyar tiyata kuma da alama kamuwa da cuta ta jiki ke kusan cirewa. Idan an gano tsutsa cikin latti, to tare da babban yuwuwar yiwuwa ba zai yuwu a guji rikice-rikice ba. Wani rikitarwa na ayyukan larvae a cikin jikin mutum na iya zama rashin lafiyan rashin lafiyar jiki: daga urticaria na yau da kullun zuwa mummunar tashin hankali anaphylactic.

Gadfly Ba wai kawai babban tashi ba ne mai tsoratarwa da za ku iya haduwa yayin kamun kifi, a wurin shakatawa ko a gidan rani - ƙazamin kwari ne mai haɗarin gaske wanda dabbobi za su iya haifar da lahani ga dabbobi da mutane, amma, duk da haka, gadfly yana da matukar kyau Halittar mai ban sha'awa sosai don karatu.

Bayyanar da gadfly

A waje, yana da matukar kama da tashi, kawai tsawon girmansa da manyan jikin sa da ɗamara da ke a bayan kafa 2 cm.

Shugaban yana maganin warkewa, haɓaka mai kyau. Akwai tsirara idanu a kanta, kuma a cikin mace suna shimfidawa a baya na kai kadan ya fi fadi fiye da na maza, akwai idanu uku masu sauki. Bugu da kari, akwai antennae a fossa a goshin gadfly.

Kafafun kafafan wannan kwari sunada tsawo fiye da na gaba. Kyakkyawan fuka-fukai masu ƙananan hankula da jijiyoyin jiki, iri ɗaya ne da na ainihin ƙudaje. An rufe jiki da gajeru, amma faffada, wani lokacin ma gashi mai haske mai haske.

Fatfly yayi kama da wani babban tashi.

Kiwo

Mace na neman abin da ya dace ga zuriyarta. Dabbobin dabbobi yawanci sun dace da waɗannan dalilai. Mace ta gadfly tana sanya har ƙwai 700 a cikin gashinsu, larvae da ta fito daga gare su tana ciyar da jinin dabbar.

Larvae kansu ba su da kafafu ko kai. Jikinsu ya ƙunshi bangarori 12. Na farko farko, galibi ana nuna rauni sosai, sabili da haka, akwai kashi 11 kawai. Wasu larvae suna sanye take da beltsins tare da chinesous spines, kuma wani lokacin aikin jiki. Holesanan ramuka na gaban gabaɗaya a cikin adadin ma'aurata ɗaya ana kasancewa tsakanin sashi na farko da na biyu. Wata hanyar ramuka biyu ta baya, a cikin hanyar shagunan juyawa, ana samun su a kashi na karshe na baya.

Aƙalla kowane kwai na biyar cikakke ne mai girma a gaba, mai iya ci gaba da ayyukan da suka wajaba don wanzuwar sa, watau zuwa tashi da haifuwa, tuni yakai 30 seconds bayan haihuwa.

Na’urorin zamani sun yadu.

C Harta da wasu

Kwayoyin wannan nau'in suna kawo asara mai yawa ga waɗanda ke cikin aikin noma. A lokacin da kwai ke farawa a cikin babbar mace, yawan nono a cikin shanu zai ragu, saboda suna hana dabbobi cin abinci kullum. Haka kuma, kimar fata ta dabbobi ta nan gaba, wacce lalacewar larvae ta gadfly, za a ragu da wadatar ta sosai.

Akwai ire-iren ire-ire daban daban.

Amma na ciki ya sanya qwai a jikin mayafin doki, yana haifar da ƙoshin shi, dabbar ta basu izinin su, sai su fada ciki. A can ne za su fara samun ci gaba - yin gunki. Bayan haka, su, tare da feces, suna fadi akan ƙasa kuma pupate a can. Don dawakai, kasancewar irin waɗannan “maƙwabta” na kwaro na iya haifar da cutar hanji.

Da wuya, amma wani lokacin mutum na fama da gadfly. Larvae na subcutaneous gadfly yayi ƙaura a cikin jikin mutum. Ci gaban su galibi yana ƙarewa a kwakwalwar mutum. Cutar mafi mummunar cuta takan faru lokacin da larfuna larf na mamaye idanun mutum. Don fitar da tsutsa daga can, sai mutum ya nemi hanyoyin tiyata wanda ya batar da hangen nesa.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Mene ne tsutsa yake gani da kuma ci gabansa?

Tsutsa, ko farin dutsen, yana wucewa ta matakai uku na ci gaba a jikin mutum. Tsutsa a kowane mataki yana da sifofi na sihiri. A mataki na farko, tana gabatar da ƙaramin kai marasa nauyi da marasa ƙarfi. A wani ƙarshen jiki akwai lokacin farin ciki mai ratsi uku. A mataki na biyu, tsutsa yana da girman girma da siffar kwalban. Girma na shekaru na uku yana ƙaruwa sosai har da ƙari. Kowane mataki yana nuna shi da ƙananan dige na baki da kashin baya waɗanda ke kewaye da kirji.

Tsutsa mai numfasawa ta hanyar maɓallin biyu na bayan gida, wanda, bayan gabatarwar ƙarƙashin fatawar mai watsa shiri kasance cikin ruwa tare da saman fata.

Mataki na farko na cigaban tsutsa na tsawon sati daya, sannan ya zuga ya wuce zuwa mataki na biyu. Bayan kwanaki 18, yana sake buɗewa kuma ya koma zuwa mataki na uku na haɓaka. Bayan kamar kwana 30, sai ta girma kuma ta ci gaba da zama a jikin mai masaukin har zuwa makonni 12, bayan haka ta yi birgima zuwa fatar fatar ta fita daga jikin mutumin, ta fadi ƙasa. An daidaita makogwaron na tsutsa don karɓar abincin ruwa.

Tsutsa tana ciyar da jijiyoyi da ruwayoyi na jikin mutum, yana narke daskararru tare da enzymes na dermatolytic na musamman.

Tsutsa da ta sa 'yan adam ɗalibai a cikin ƙasa kuma ba su ciyarwa. Bayan makonni 2-3, kwaro ya girma ya bayyana daga gare ta. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan yana shirin tashi. Tare da mummunan gani, gadfly yana da palps mai matukar damuwa, wanda ke ba da izinin maza da mata su sami juna don mating a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da zai yiwu.

Cutar da mutane

Tsutsa na cutaneous mutum gadfly yana haifar da cuta a cikin mutane cututtukan fata. Wannan shi ne myiasis na wajabta, wanda aka sani da samuwar a karkashin fata a kusa da mamayar cututtukan nodes da za su iya yin taushi da daidaituwa.

Filin shigar kansa yayi daidai da cizon sauro. Bayan wani lokaci, rauni zai yi zafi, ya yi rauni kuma ya fara ɓaci. Kashi na biyu yana iya kaiwa zuwa 2-3 cm a girman kuma yayi kama da carbuncle wanda ke ɓoye farji.

Tsutsa tsiri zai iya rayuwa a kowane bangare na jiki, koda a ƙarƙashin fata na kwanyar.

Mafi sau da yawa, baya, ciki, kafafan hannu da ƙafafunsu suna shafar.

Anyi bayanin kwastomomi yayin da aka gabatar da tsutsa tsutsa cikin mucous membrane na ido, yana haifar da ophthalmomyasis, wanda zai haifar da cikakkiyar hasarar hangen nesa. Larvae na iya kamuwa da azzakari cikin farji, glandar mammary, da kuma a cikin mucous membranes na lebe. Tare da cututtukan da yawa, raɗaɗin raɗaɗi suna rufe wurare da yawa na fata. Bayan makonni 12, larvae masu balaga barin mai gida da ɗalibai.

Bam ɗin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta wata halitta ce mai ban mamaki tare da tsarin tsaro na asali. Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da wannan kwaro, karanta mahadar https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/borba/vragi/zhuk-bombardir.html.

Ta yaya zaka kare kanka daga m?

Lokacin balaguro zuwa Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya, ya zama dole a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari don kare kai daga cizon kwari, suturar kariya. Idan akwai wani cizo, ya zama dole a kula da wadanda abin ya shafa sanya mai maganin maye kuma lura da rauni. Idan alamun da ke sama suka bayyana, nemi likita.

Za a iya fitar da tsutsa tsintsiyar da ke jikin fata, yana toshe damar da yake da ita zuwa ga oxygen, alal misali, ta hanyar dunƙule wurin da yake tare da tef ɗin manne. Yana farawa, tsutsa ya bayyana a saman fata. A wannan gaba, ana iya ɗaukar shi tare da tweezer kuma a cire shi daga kwantena. Bayan hakar, ana kula da larva tare da maganin antiseptics. A bu mai kyau a sha magani mai kyau (antiallergic).

Iri nasopharyngeal gadfly

A cikin yanayin, akwai 9 genera da 35 nau'in nasopharyngeal gadfly. Babbar lalacewar shanu a cikin yankin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet ta hanyar wakilai masu zuwa:

• Tumakin gadfly - Daya daga cikin shahararrun wakilai na yau da kullun. Yaro mai tsayi ya kai tsawon santimita 1-2. Launin launuka na iya bambanta daga launin toka mai toɗi zuwa launin ruwan kasa. A bayan mutane na wannan nau'in akwai farar fata, shugaban yana da girma, idanu masu launin shuɗi masu launin kore suna kan sa. Fuka-fuki na gadfly ƙananan, masu ma'ana tare da gudana mai launin shuɗi. An bai wa sunan nau'in gadflies ta dabbobi, an fi son sanya larvae - tumaki.

Akwai sauran nau'in nasopharyngeal gadfly, amma mafi haɗari ga aikin noma sune waɗanda muka ambata a sama. Akwai damuwa: shin nasopharyngeal gadfly na iya dakatar da larva cikin mutane? Ee, irin waɗannan na'urori suna da gaske, amma suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi.

Tsarin ci gaba

Lokacin da mace ta ji cewa larvae cikakke ne, bincike yana farawa ga dabbar, wanda zai zama "gida" na larvae. Neman irin wannan jigilar, mace ta fara tashi kusa da dabba kuma, tana tashi cikin tafin hancin hanci ko bakinsa, ya lalata lardin 10 zuwa 20 a lokaci guda. Mace na iya yin ire-iren wadannan ire-iren a tsakanin kwanaki 2-4, yayin yin allurai kimanin 500 - 700 a cikin hancin dabbobi. Da zaran cikin nasopharynx na dabba, larvae ya fara ciyar da abinci sosai, yana cin nama mai rai da kuma ruwan halittar wanda aka cutar.

Gadfly larvae da 3 matakai na ci gaba:

• Larvae na farkon matakin yana da girman 1 - 1.5 mm. Jikin lardin yana fari fari kuma an lullube shi da kananan jijiyoyi, waɗanda ke ba da sauƙi a zauna a cikin hancin wanda aka cutar. Girma, larvae molt, juya zuwa larvae na mataki na biyu na ci gaba. Shedding yana faruwa a cikin hanci na concha, ƙaho da cavities of the horny ሂደቶች.
• Yankin girma na 2 na haɓaka girma ya fi girma, tsawonsu ya riga yakai milimita 10-15. Launi, kamar yadda yake a matakin farko, fari ne. A baya, ƙananan fili na launin rawaya ko ruwan lemo ana gani. Bayan molting, larvae a karshe motsa zuwa ga gaban kogon don kammala canji.

Lokacin da tsutsa-tsayi na uku ya balaga, yana motsawa cikin kogon hanci na dabba, kuma yayin da mai ɗaukar m sneezes, tare da kwararar iska, tsutsa ya motsa zuwa ƙasa, inda yake pupates.

• Lokacin tumatir na ɗan itacen gadfly ya bambanta daga sati biyu zuwa wata daya.

A cikin shekara, haifuwar gadfly yana faruwa sau ɗaya ko sau biyu, wanda ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin.

Yaushe gadflies yafi hatsari?

Lokaci na aiki na gadfly ya dogara da yanayin yanayi kawai. A cikin yankin tsakiyar Rasha, babban lokacin ayyukan kwari shine kwanakin sultry na tsakiyar bazara. A ranakun ruwa, gadfly ya fi son neman mafaka da jira.

Babban lahani ga nasopharyngeal gadfly yana faruwa ne ga dabbobi. Su larvae warware mutuncin kyallen takarda, tsokani daban-daban pathogenic cututtuka. Dabbobin da ke kamuwa da ƙwaryakin gadfly sun zama mai juyayi da saurin fushi, wanda ke cutar da ingancin samfura (nama, madara, da sauransu). Yakin da kwari ya ƙunshi cikin bincike na yau da kullun na dabbobi don kamuwa da cuta, hanawa da kuma amfani da magunguna na musamman.

Me gadfly da tsutsa suke kama?

Kasuwanci suna rayuwa a kusan kowane kusurwar duniyar, suna da tarin kwari sama da 150. A cikin ƙasarmu, ana yin rajista iri 60. Yawancin lokaci gadflies sa su larvae a jikin dabbobi, ƙasa da sau da yawa suna samun ƙarƙashin fata mutum. Dermatobia Hominis - "ɗan gadfly" yana zaune a cikin tsaunuka (Mexico, Kudancin Amurka, Argentina). A cikin yanayin yanayi na Rasha, Ukraine da kuma kasashen tsohuwar USSR, ba a ga kwari ba.

Yaro babban jinsin kwari ne na kwari har ya kai 20 mm a girma. Dermatobia hominis suna kama da ƙaramin bumblebee: jikin shaggy da launi mai haske mai haske. A gadfly yana da babban kai wanda ke da manyan idanu, shuɗi ciki, da ƙananan fikafikai.

Kwayoyin da ke rayuwa a cikin duwatsunmu galibi suna da launi mai kyau: duhu duhu ko jet baki, launin toka-shuɗi. Sun fi son dabbobi a matsayin baƙi, amma yakan faru lokacin da cizo ya lalata mutum.

Manya ba ya ciyar; wadatar abinci da aka samu a lokacin haɓaka ta larva ya isa tsawon rayuwar rayuwa.

Tsutsa bayan haihuwar yana da kankanta. A tsawon lokaci, yakan yi girma sau da yawa, yana kai cm 2. Jikin sa yana da sifar da ya cika siffa. Gashin gashi na musamman ya ba ta damar samun damar zama a kan fata dabbobi ko mutane.

Adultaya mace mai girma zata iya haihuwa har ƙwai 650, amma kashi 20% ne kawai za'a iya yuwuwa.

Wani nau'in haɗarin gadfly wanda ke zaune a cikin ƙasashen kudu.

Ta yaya tsintsiya madaidaiciya yake shiga jikin mutum?

Girman tsirrai na iya shiga jikin mutum ta hanyoyi da dama:

1. Mace ta sanya qwai kan ciki na kwari masu jini-jini (sauro, ticks). Idan mutum ya ciji kwaro na mutum, qwai yakan shiga jikin mutum. Warming, sun fashe kuma daga gare su suna bayyana larvae waɗanda suka fadi a ƙarƙashin fata. A shigo da parasites ne kusan ba m.
2. Lokacin da mutum ya ciji wata mace kai tsaye, larvae ya fada cikin rauni, bayan haka yakan zama cikin jikin mutum gaba daya.
3. Hypodermatosis cuta ce da ke hade da waɗannan cututtukan. A wannan yanayin, tsutsa yana samun hanya mai sauƙi daga shanu. Isasa da gonaki a cikin latitude ɗinmu ana iya ɗaukar tasirin kamuwa da cutar. Parasites suna fadowa da fata, yayin da zasu iya motsawa cikin jiki, suna barin sawun halayen. Larvae yawanci shiga jiki a cikin wuraren da fata mai laushi, alal misali, a kai, hannaye da kafafu, ciki, wuya, ƙasa da yawa na iya maida hankali akan lebe, a cikin ido.
4. Qwai da larvae kuma zasu iya shiga gabobin ciki. Wannan na faruwa ne yayin cin nama daga dabbobi da cutar ta kamasu. Abu mai narkewa na ciki yana da haɗari sosai fiye da tsintsiya na ƙananan ƙwayoyi na gadfly, tunda parasitization na iya haifar da mummunar rushewar jiki.

Hakanan za'a iya samun karin hadaddun siffofin yayin da larvae suke da yawa a bangarori daban-daban na jikin mutum.

Matakan ci gaban larva

Matsakaicin tsutsa cikin gadfly yawanci yakanyi makonni 6-10. Bayan ya shiga jikin mai masaukin, mai farawa yana fara ciyar da jini sosai, yana fitar da abubuwa masu amfani. Domin da yawa makonni, yana ƙaruwa a cikin girman dubun sau, kuma tsutsa tsutsa ya kai 2 cm.

A cikin hoto - ƙaramin gadfly tsutsa daga jikin mutum.

Bayan tattara ingantaccen wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki daga mai masaukin, parasite ya fashe ta fatar kuma ya fashe. Bayan wannan, wani sabon matakin ci gaba na gadfly ya faru - pupa. A wannan karon, kwaro ya zo makonni 2-4, bayan haka sai ya juya zuwa ya manyanta, wanda tsarin rayuwarsa kwana 20 kenan, babban aikin tashi shine haifuwa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na bayyanar tsutsa tsutsa cikin mutum

Kwayoyin cuta sun shiga cikin kowane ɓangaren jiki, gabatarwar su a matakin farko ba kwata-kwata bane. Bayan makonni 1-2, wurin shigar azzakari cikin farji, ya zama ja, yayi kama da cizon sauro.

Bayan mako biyu, fatar ta yi launin shuɗi, akwai kumburi tare da kasancewa a tsakiya, kamar yadda ƙashin ƙarfe. Hutun ƙuraje ya fashe da rauni mai buɗewa yana ba da damar buɗe baƙin don buɗewar iska.

Kyakkyawan rayuwar mutum da cutar da cutar larfly larvae ta ɓaci: tashin zuciya da jin daɗi, rauni, zazzabi, kona yankin da abun ya shafa ya bayyana.

Idan tsutsa yake a cikin ido, to sai ya yi taushi, jan launi, karuwa a cikin karfin ido, ba a lura da yawan zubar jinni.

Oftenarancin lokaci akwai mahimmancin ci gaba a cikin rami na hanci, wannan yana tabbatar da ciwo, ciwon kai, kumburi.

Wace cuta ce ke haddasa larvae a cikin ɗan adam?

Babu shakka, larfly larvae suna haifar da mummunan lahani ga jikin mutum. Matsayin bayyanar ya dogara da wurin da kwayar cutar. Fata na fata yana keta lafiyar lafiyar gaba ɗaya, aikin gabobin, cutar da jiki tare da samfuran sharar gida.

Mafi haɗari sune cututtukan rami waɗanda ke tattara hankali a cikin gabobin ciki: ciki, hanji, da gabobin ENT.

Cikakkiyar makanta tana fuskantar barazanar kwaya ta gadfly, wanda aka sanya a idanun mutum.

Yana da mahimmanci don kawar da kwaro a farkon matakin haɓaka don rage rikice rikice.

Yadda za a cire ƙwayar gadfly daga ƙarƙashin fata?

Ana iya aiwatar da cire tsutsa cikin hanyoyi biyu:

Babban maƙasudin kowane hanya shine kyakkyawan cirewar lafiyar jikin wata ƙasa. Ana aiwatar da aikin cirewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin bakararre. Yankin da abin ya shafa yana maganin tare da maganin antiseptik (aidin, potassium permanganate). Wani digo na mai bakararre zai taimaka matatar hana iska shiga cikin tsutsa. Ita, kasancewar tana cikin mawuyacin yanayi, za ta fara cire jikinta da kanta. Ana cire parasite tare da tweezer ko matsawa na musamman.

Tsutsa tsutsa daga cikin fata a cikin kafa.

Bayan an cire shi, ana kula da rauni sannan a sa rigar mai taushi.

Kwararrun ne ya kamata su gudanar da aikin, tunda tare da cire kai, wasu sassan jikin na iya zama a karkashin fata, wanda hakan zai haifar da kumburi da raunin rauni.

Amintaccen haɓakar shine don ba da izinin tsutsa cikin jiki da izinin barin jikin mai masaukin. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da man shafawa, cream da mai don cire gurɓataccen parasites.

Fitar tsutsa da raunukan fata.

Hanyar magani zai haifar da sakin wani abu daga ƙasashen waje ta hanyar aiwatar da shi ta hanyar tushen ƙarfin - jini. Irin waɗannan shirye-shirye suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu guba ga m.

Yadda za a kare kanka daga larfly larvae?

Don guje wa kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar tsutsawa, dole ne a bi ka'idodi masu sauƙi:

• Lokacin balaguro zuwa ƙasashen kudu waɗanda kwari masu haɗari ga ɗan adam suke zaune, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar kwari na musamman waɗanda ke watsar da ƙuraje (ƙwarya, man shafawa, cream).
• Kayan kariya da sauro na sauro zasu taimaka wajen nisantawa da mai tashi.
• Guji hulɗa tare da kwari a cikin yanayi da kuma a sauran wuraren tara kaya, misali, a kan gona, a ƙauye.

Tsutsa daga cikin gadfly na iya kawo aan matsalolin rashin lafiya, tare da ziyarar likita marasa tabbas. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa, a farkon alamun farko, binciken likita da kuma shawarwari ya zama dole. Ayyukan masu zaman kansu a wannan yanayin ba su yarda da su ba.

Hadari ga mutane

Wani lokacin wani gadfly na iya bayyana a ƙarƙashin fatawar mutum. Wannan nau'in kwaro ana kiran shi Dermatobia hominis. Hijirarsu a wannan yanayin yana ƙare, a matsayin mai mulkin, tare da shigar azzakari cikin farji. Wannan abune mai hadarin gaske, musamman idan gurbi yayi nasarar zuwa idanun. Idan an samo larvae na fata a cikin ido, ana bincikar ophthalmomyasis kuma ana yin wani aiki yayin da ake cire ƙwayoyin cututtukan. A mafi yawan halayen, wannan yanayin yana haifar da ɓoyewar hangen nesa.

Bugu da kari, sakamakon mahimmancin aikinsa, tsutsa cikin ƙwayar subcutaneous gadfly yana tsokanta ci gaban cututtukan fata na dermatobiasis. Wannan cuta tana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'ikan nodes waɗanda ke faruwa a yankin da kwari suke. Wadannan nodes na iya zama zafi da kuma haddasa kirji. Bayan wani lokaci, da balagagge mutane barin jikin m.

A bayanin kula! Wani mutum na iya kamuwa da cutar ta larva na wani babban iri-iri kawai lokacin zamansa a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka! A ƙasarmu, ba a sami irin wannan nau'in kayan!