An lullube gawar wadanda suka tayar da gashin fuka-fukai, wadanda amfani da su don gudu, shiryawa, kuma, wataƙila, wani ɓangaren don ɗan gajeren jirgin. Daga bugu na fyaucewa akan burbushin halittu, ana iya yanke hukuncin cewa wakilan dake karkashin kwayar halittar microraptorides suna da fuka-fuki a duka gaba da gwiwowin baya.
Bayanai na yanzu sun nuna cewa duk mahara sun fito daga magabatansu masu tashi daban, duk da cewa wasunsu sun rasa ikon tashi a karo na biyu. Su, kamar dai, reshe ne mai alaƙa da tsuntsaye, amma ƙarshen mutuwa, tunda basu bar zuriyar cikin tsuntsayen zamani ba. Pashin ƙashin ƙugu a cikin nau'ikan maɓuɓɓukan fyaɗe suna da tsawo kuma suna da ƙarfi gaba gaba.
Jinsunan mahara da dangin Dromaeosauridae
Deinonychus - fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin mummunan maganganu. An zaune a cikin Arewacin Amurka miliyan 115-108 da suka gabata. DA Velociraptors - a cikin Hellenanci, yana nufin ɗan ɓarawo mai sauri wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 75-71 da suka gabata a Asiya, tare da deichs suna da alaƙa da kusancin mallakar ƙarƙashin ƙasa na Velociraptorids, lalata na Deinonychidae. Deinonychus ƙananan dinosaur ne, kusan ninki biyu sun fi tsayi girma kamar mutane, amma sunfi girma fiye da velociraptors, waɗanda suke girman turkey.
Utaraptors - fassara daga Girkanci yana nufin ɓarayi daga Utah. Sun rayu a Arewacin Amurka daga miliyan 132-119 shekaru da suka gabata.
Micro mai daukar hoto - fassara daga helenanci yana nufin ɗan ɓarawo. A microraptor ko ƙaramin reshe mai fuka-fukai huɗu ya rayu a Asiya shekaru miliyan 120 da suka gabata. Yana da dogon fuka-fukan a hannuwansa da kafafunsa. Kuma tunda wannan nau'in tsarin jikin ba ya banbanci tsakanin masu ra raayin, microraptors, tare da wasu janareta guda shida, ana kasafta su cikin wani daban.
Pyroraptor - fassara daga helenanci na nufin ɓarawo mai wuta. Pyroraptor ya rayu a Turai shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata.
Dromeosaurus ya rayu a Arewacin Amurka kimanin shekaru miliyan 75 da suka gabata.
Austroraptor - fassara daga helenanci na nufin barawo na kudu. Austroraptor ya rayu shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata a Kudancin Amurka. Austroraptor zai iya yin jayayya sosai tare da Utaraptor, tunda ya kai mita 5 a tsayi. Amma hannayensa kaɗan ne idan aka kwatanta da sauran sassan jiki, kusan kamar azzalumi.
Sinornithosaurus - fassara daga Girkanci da Latin: raptor tsuntsu na Sinawa. Sinornithosaurus ya rayu a Asiya shekaru miliyan 130 da suka gabata. Ofaya daga cikin burbushin halittar ta na nuna yanayin gashinsa. Murfin gashin tsuntsu ya kasance duka jiki har da kanshi, a hannayen sa fan, a kan kwatangwalo akwai fuka fuka-fukai kuma a kan wutsiya akwai kayan lebur.
Rakhonavis Ya rayu shekaru miliyan 70-65 da suka gabata a Madagascar. Rachonavis raptor ne mai irin wannan manyan fuka-fukai masu fasali da halayyar da masana kimiyyar binciken masana kimiyya na dogon lokaci suka kasa tantance ko wannan kashin jikin tsuntsu ne ko dromaeosaurus. Yana da halayyar cewa kashinsa na humerus sun riga sun ba shi damar fuka fuka-fukan
Balaur Ya rayu kimanin shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata, aka gano shi a yankin Romania na zamani, kuma aka bude a 2010. Yanka na huɗu na kafa, yawanci ana rage shi a cikin kwari, a balaur an haɓaka shi kamar babban mayafin yaƙin. Wata gabar jiki takaice ce. Kuma tunda yatsan na uku akan hannun balaur ya ragu, wannan yana nuna fifikon amfani da kafafu a cikin yaƙin.
Megaraptors wasu lokuta ana kuskuren kiran su da dromaeosaurs, amma yanzu ana kiran megaraptors a matsayin allosaurus. Da farko, an sake gina wannan dinosaur ne daga tsintsin da aka samo shi a matsayin babban raptor, amma daga baya ya juya ya nuna cewa wannan kambori ba daga baya bane, amma daga gaban goshi ne.
28.05.2018
Da yake magana game da masu fyaɗe, yawancin mutane suna tunanin lafuzzan-kamar, ƙarancin abinci mai ban tsoro tare da manyan maganganu, kamar a fim din Jurassic Park, wanda zai iya farauta cikin kungiyoyi har ma da yadda za a juya doorknob a lokaci. A zahiri, yawancin masu fyade ba su da ƙaramin yaro, wataƙila suna da murfin gashin tsuntsu kuma basu wuce al'adun gargajiyar talakawa ba. (Don bayani, dinosaur, wanda Stephen Spielberg ya kira Velociraptor a cikin Jurassic Park da duniyar Jurassic, an zazzage shi a kan ainihin deinonychus, amma ba zamu iya jujjuya ba.) Yi la'akari da tasirin hotunan hotuna da kwatancin masu fyaɗe da 10 mashahurai masu raptors. wadanda ba velociraptors.
Lokaci ya yi da za a gano su waye maharan. Da fari dai, yana iya zama kamar abin mamaki, amma "raptor" suna ne wanda Hollywood ta ƙirƙira shi rabin. Masana binciken burbushin halittu, a daya bangaren, sunfi son sunan mara dadi "dromeosaurus" (wanda, daga helenanci, fassara a matsayin "lizard na gudu"). Abu na biyu, jerin masu fallasa ba su da ƙoshin lafiya ga sanannun sanannun kuma waɗanda aka ambata a sama Velociraptor da Deinonychus. Hakanan ya haɗa da irin waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki (amma mahimmanci) nau'in halitta kamar buitreraptor da rakhonavis. (Yana da kyau a sani cewa ba duk dinosaurs waɗanda sunayensu suka hada da "-raptor" a zahiri wakilai ne na masu fyaɗe. Misali, "wadanda ba masu fyade" sun haɗa da theropods, wato, oviraptor da eoraptor.)
Ma'anar Raptor
A ka’idar, masana binciken burbushin halittu suna kira da masu rahusa (ko kuma dromaeosaurs) theropods (lit.: Fur-footed), waɗanda suke da irin waɗannan kuma ba a fahimce su sosai ba, fasalolin ilimin jikin mutum. Za mu ƙara da cewa masu yin fyaɗe a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ƙanana ne na ƙaramin carnivorous na ƙananan biyun. Hannun goshinsu mai yatsu yana da yatsu uku. Kwakwalwar wadannan abubuwan cin abinci sunada yawa, kuma (wacce ta fi rarrabewa) gindin mahaɗan ya ƙare a cikin babban keɓantattun abubuwa, wanda da alama an sha kaye da cin abincin.
Wadanda suka tayar da hankalin ba sune kadai wakilan kungiyoyin dabbobi na Mesozoic ba, azzalumai, atamithomimids, da karami, wadanda aka lullube gashin fuka-fikan suma suna cikin wannan rukuni na dinosaur.dyno tsuntsaye».
Yanzu ga tambayar gashin fuka-fukai. Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi ba tare da cikakken bayani ba cewa gaba ɗaya an rufe fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, amma, an sami isasshen ɗan fashin bayanai don tabbatar da wannan sifar “tsuntsu”. Wannan shaidar tana ba masana ilimin binciken burbushin halittu cikakkiyar 'yancin su yarda cewa masu fyaɗe fuka-fuka-fukai sun kasance al'adar maimakon ban da dokar.
Koyaya, kasancewar gashin fuka-fukai bai bada tabbacin damar tashi ba. Yayinda wasu nau'ikan dangin raptor (kamar micro raptor) zasu iya kasancewa cikin shirin su, mafi yawancin masu yin rahsoshi sunyi tafiya ta ƙasa gabaɗaya. A kowane hali, babu wata tantama cewa masu yin fyade suna da kusanci da tsuntsayen zamani. Ta hanyar masu fyaɗe, yawancin lokaci suna nufin tsuntsayen masu cin abinci kamar gaggafa da shaho.
Dawn daga cikin maharba
Wadanda suka yiwa fyaden sun kasance a matsayin wata kungiya ta daban a ƙarshen Kirisimeti na Mesozoic (kimanin shekaru miliyan 90-65 da suka gabata), amma sun yi tafiya miliyoyin shekaru kafin hakan. Mafi mashahuri Cretaceous dromaeosaurus shine utaraptor, babban gizon wanda nauyinsa ya wuce kilo 900 (fam 2000). Ya rayu shekaru miliyan 50 kafin sanannen sanannen zuriyarsa. Duk da wannan, masana ilimin binciken kwalliya sunyi imani da cewa yawancin masu rikitar da Marigayi Jurassic da farkon zamanin Cretaceous sun kasance kadan kuma sun goge a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun manyan (tare da girmamawa akan sigar ta farko) sauropodkwai da ornithopodkwai.
A ƙarshen Cretaceous, masu tayar da zaune tsaye sun mamaye duk duniyar, ban da yankin Australiya ta zamani da kudancin Afirka. Waɗannan dinosaur sun bambanta girmansu da kuma tsarinsu. Don haka, microraptor ya auna gram da yawa kuma yana da fuka-fuka fuka-fuka fuka-fukai guda hudu, yayin da yutasaur na iya bugun deinonych tare da hagu.
Tsakanin su akwai masu yin fyaɗe, kamar su: dromaeosaurs da saurornitholites, mai sauri, mai tsari, ƙaddarar fuka-fuka-fuka-fukai waɗanda basu da ƙarancin ci masu haɗari, kwari, da ƙananan dinosaur.
Halin Raptor
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, har ma mafi yawan "kwakwalwa" raptor na zamanin Mesozoic bazai iya fatan fice daga cat na Siamese ba, har ma fiye da manya. Koyaya, a bayyane yake cewa dromaeosaurs (sabili da haka, duk dabbobi) sun fi kusan ƙwarewa fiye da irin dinosaur na dabbobi da suke farauta. Tsarin rayuwa mai tsinkaye ya ƙunshi mallaki wasu ƙwarewa (hankali mai ƙanshi, hangen nesa, saurin halartawa, daidaitawar ido, da dai sauransu) kuma yana buƙatar babban adadin launin toka. (Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa mafi kyawun sauropods da ornithopods ya kamata su kasance da 'yan saviya kaɗan fiye da kayan alatun da suke ci da abinci!)
Ya rage a gani ko masu fyade suna farauta cikin kungiyoyi ko daban-daban.
'Yan kaxan tsuntsayen zamani suna farauta a fakitoci, kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsaye sun shude dubunnan miliyoyin shekaru na juyin halitta, ana iya ɗaukar wannan hujja a matsayin shaida ta kaikaice cewa ƙungiyar velociraptors kawai zance ne kawai na tunanin masu samar da Hollywood.
Iyali: Dromaeosauridae † = Dromaeosaurids ko Raptor
Kuma duk da haka, binciken da aka gano kwanan nan game da wasu masu fyaɗe a wuri guda yana nuna cewa aƙalla daga cikinsu zasu iya rayuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi kuma saboda haka, farauta haɗin gwiwa yana da alama abin karɓa ne, har ma ga wasu nau'in.
Hanyar, bayan yin bincike a kan ramin idanu, masanan sun lura cewa sun fi al'ada kuma sun ƙarasa da cewa, mafi kusantar, masu fyaɗe da sauran da yawa, ƙaramin dinosaur masu ƙafa da ƙananan dabbobi masu farauta da dare. A cikin yanayi na duƙu-duƙu, manyan idanun mahara sun sami damar ɗaukar ƙarin haske kuma suna iya gano ƙananan dinosaur, giya, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Hakanan, godiya ga farauta dare, ƙananan masu fyaɗe zasu iya gujewa haɗuwa da manyan zalunci da tabbatar da haɓaka bishiyar dangi.
Amintarwa
Amintarwa - "Mai saurin sata"
Lokacin rayuwa: Zamani mai banƙyama - kimanin shekaru miliyan 83-70 da suka gabata
Squad: Lizopharyngeal
Suborder: Kawain
Siffofin yau da kullun na yau da kullun:
- tafiya akan ƙafafu masu ƙarfi
- ci nama
- bakin da yake da hakora mai kaifi, mai lanƙwasa a ciki
Bangarori:
tsawon 1.8 m
tsayi 0.6 m
nauyi ne kilogiram 20.
Abinci mai gina jiki: Mayaso sauran dinosaur
Gano: 1922, Mongolia
Velociraptor karamin ɗan annabta ne na Cretaceous. Ya sami suna ta musamman don fim ɗin "Jurassic Park". Velociraptors a can sunansu dinosaurs na asali, wanda yafi dacewa da bayanin. deinonychus. Duk da haka, wannan hujja ta "propiarized" the velociraptor. Velociraptor ya zama karami fiye da deinonychus, amma babu ƙarancin haɗari, sauri da kuma zubar jini.
Kwanyar kwanyar ta Velociraptor
Shugaban:
Kwanyar ta Velociraptor tana da fadi da kuma kunkuntar, kusan tsayin cm 25. Akwai kimanin hakora 50 masu kaifi a cikin ciki suna kuma shirya cikin layuka da yawa. Ramuka cikin kwanyar dinosaur ya sa kwanyar ta zama mara nauyi, kuma Velocentric ya kara tsufa. Kwakwalwar mai kwantar da keke, don dinosaur, yana da yawa. Mai yiwuwa, Velociraptor, mai yiwuwa ɗayan dinosaurs ne masu hankali.
Tsarin jikin Velociraptor:
Velociraptor yana da dogayen kafafu na baya, wanda ya ba da izinin dinosaur ya bunkasa saurin sauri. A kowace kafa ta hular akwai zina mai kauri, wacce Velociraptor tayiwa mutum raunuka. Kamar dukkan nau'ikan kwari, velociraptor yana da yatsun kafa huɗu a ƙafafunsa na baya, wanda ɗayan ya sami ci gaba kuma baya cikin tafiya. Forelimbs ɗin ba su da haɓaka. Yatsun yatsu uku akan kowane palo na Velociraptor. Na farko shi ne mafi guntu, na biyu kuma mafi tsawo. Dinosaur sun kama ganima. Dogon wutsiya ya daidaita gaban jikin shi kuma ya taimaka ya juya da sauri.
Fata ta Velociraptor:
A yau, babban muhawara da ta kewaye Velociraptor ita ce yadda ta kasance. An taɓa nuna wannan dinosaur tare da fata mai launin fata, amma a cikin recentan lokutan nan ana cikin yanayin an nuna shi da kyawawan launuka, mai laushi, launuka masu haske.
A cikin sanannen kasusuwa na yau da kullun, ana yarda da tushen dangantakar dromaeosaurids, wanda ya haɗa da Velociraptor, da tsuntsaye.
A 2007, da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar binciken fata sun ba da labarin gano tarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙirar Velociraptor akan ƙashin ulnar, wanda ake fassara shi azaman abin da aka makala daga fuka-fukan bera. Tsuntsayen zamani suna da irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin. A cewar masana binciken burbushin halittu, wannan gano yana bamu damar yanke hukuncin cewa velociraptor yana da rushewa.
Kasantuwar gashin fuka-fukan a cikin Velociraptor da kusancin tsuntsaye zasu iya samun bayanai biyu da suka danganci juyin halitta:
1. Yawancin fasalin avian (gami da ƙari) wanda aka lura cikin dromaeosaurids na iya haifar da gado daga magabata na gama gari. Dangane da wannan hasashe, dromaeosaurids da tsuntsaye sunzo ne daga ɗayan rukunin coelurosaurs. An yarda da wannan bayanin gabaɗaya.
2. Dromaeosaurids, gami da velociraptor, sune tsoffin tsuntsayen da suka rasa ikon tashi. Saboda haka, velociraptor bashi da ikon tashi, kamar maciji. Wannan hypothesis ba ya zama sananne tsakanin yawancin masana ilimin ilimin burbushin halitta.
LABARIVelociraptor Mai zafi:
Kafin bincika burbushin farko na Velociraptor, an yi la'akari da dinosaurs jinkirin kuma ba masu fasaha ba. Koyaya, velociraptor ɗan asalin gudu ne.
Dinosaur Velociraptor
Daga wani kwanton bauna, ya hanzarta zuwa wanda aka cutar. Dabbobin da wani Velociraptor ya kaiwa hari basu da damar samun ceto. Da yake juya wanda aka cutar, velociraptor tayi tsalle a bayanta tayi kokarin toshe hakora a wuya, a fili taji ko cizo gwanayen jini. Bayan haka, ya sami raunuka na mutum da dunƙule, yana buɗe naman. Dogon wutsiya ya taimaka wurin daidaitawa.
Akwai sigar da velociraptors, kamar danginsu deinonychus, farauta cikin kungiyoyi. Amma ba kamar su ba, har yanzu ba'a gano kaburbura masu aikin velociraptors ba. Saboda haka, a faɗi cewa Velociraptors farauta a fakitoci ba zai yiwu ba tukuna.
Mafarauci da wanda aka azabtar:
| Velociraptor da protoceratops suna daya daga cikin yanayin “mafarauci da ganima” tsakanin dinosaur. A shekara ta 1971, masana kimiyyar binciken burbushin halitta dake aiki a jejin Gobi sun kasance sa'a. Sun sami kwarangwal din dinosaur guda biyu - velociraptor da ka'idoji - mai cinyewa da kayan abincinsa, sun dace da juna. |
Mafi yawan wakilan wakilai na dromaeosaurids suna da ingantaccen tsarin rayuwa, amma a gaba ɗaya wannan dangi kusan yana kusan kusan tsuntsaye.Velociraptors sun kasance cikin abubuwan ci gaba na dromaeosaurids kuma sunada karanci sosai tare da tsuntsaye, amma duk da haka a cikin 2007, masana binciken ilimin halittu da yawa sun ba da labarin gano tarin fuka a jikin mayuka a jikin dinosaur, wanda ke nuna kasancewar gashin fuka-fukai a cikin Velociraptor. An dauki dogon dinosaur din, amma kasancewar gashin fuka-fukan yana nufin nuna farin jini a wadannan halittu.
