Sunan meerkat an samo shi ne daga tsarin tsarin jinsunan Suricata suricatta. A cikin harshen Rashanci, an yarda da amfani da wannan sunan a cikin mata: meerkat. Sunan dabba na biyu ana amfani dashi: myrrhcat mai kyau-tailed. Wannan zaɓi ɗin yayi dace da sunan a cikin Afirkaans.
Meerkats suna da sunan barkwanci. Labarin bayyanar sa yana da alaƙa da ƙaunar dabbobi don tsayawa a cikin layi. Idan an haskaka gashin gashi da rana, ana kirkiro wani nau'in areola a jiki. Saboda wanda ake kiransu mala'ikun rana.
Duba kuma mutum
Meerkats suna ba da mamaki ga kananan halittu waɗanda galibi suna haifar da murmushi. 'Yan Afirka suna da imani guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da fari. Dangane da ɗayansu, ana kiran dabbobin da mala'ikun rana. Kuma ba wai kawai saboda suna son jiƙa da safe a rana ta Afirka ba. An yi imanin cewa suna kare ƙauyuka da shanu daga ƙawancen watar, waɗanda ke kai hari ga mutane da dabbobi (wataƙila jemagu suna cikin ayyukan aljanu). Bugu da ƙari, daidaitawa a kusa da bukkoki, meerkats sun share yankin kunama har ma da macizai masu guba, waɗanda ake ci. Ana saukad da garin Meerkats, kuma wasu lokuta mazauna karkara sukan fara yin gidaje don kare gidajensu daga dabbobi masu guba.
Dangane da wani almara, rayukan wadanda suka mutu suna motsawa zuwa meerkat, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa waɗannan dabbobin suke da mutane da mutane. Dabba da aka bincika na iya tsayawa a kafafunsa na dogon lokaci, kuma daga nesa gungun dabbobi waɗanda ke faɗakar da sautin hamada zasu iya kuskure ga ƙananan maza. A saboda wannan ne ake kira wasu lokuta "mutane kaɗan." Kuma godiya ga vigilance da dangin meerkat suka nuna, sun sami wani sunan barkwanci mai ban sha'awa: "desinel desinrts."
Halin hali
Meerkats ƙananan wakilai ne na jinsin mongoose. Za ka iya har ma ga wasu kamance tare da ferret - jikin elongated.
Mace yawanci sun fi maza girma, kuma sarakuna suna cikin sarauta na dangin waɗannan dabbobin.
Babban mahimmancin kasancewar fakitin shi ne tara kuɗi - dabbobi farauta, ci, shakatawa tare.
Ta hanyar kokarin gama gari, meerkats, wanda hotonsa ke haifar da murmushi mara izini, na iya aiwatar da ayyukan soji sosai.
A garken waɗannan kyawawan ƙananan dabbobi sun sami nasarar farautar ganima, mafi girma da girma.
Kodayake meerkats, kamar mongooses, sun san yadda za a iya yaƙi da macizai, suyi zurfin cizon cizon su, maganin kwari ba sa nuna himma sosai don farautar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Sun fi son kama ko ƙaramar ganima.
Babban mahimmancin kasancewar fakitin shi ne tara kuɗi - dabbobi farauta, ci, shakatawa tare. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, meerkats na iya aiwatar da ayyukan soji sosai
Bayyananniya da ilimin halittar jiki
Animalsanan dabbobi masu falala, ƙarami a cikin ƙasa mai ƙaramar girgije: tsayinsu kawai shine 50-60 cm, tare da kusan rabin fadowa a wutsiya, kuma nauyin kawai musamman manyan mutane ya kai 1 kg. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza. Daga wasu mongooses, ana nuna bambancin mahaifa ta manyan kafafu, kafaɗun yatsa huɗu, wutsiya mai ƙarfi, an rufe su gaba ɗaya tare da saƙar ulu da rashin saƙar farko-haƙori. Kafafuwan wannan dabbar suna da halayyar gaske: suna dauke da makamai masu dogaye da ƙarfi, wanda, musamman akan ƙafafun gaba, suna samun irin wannan ci gaba kamar babu wani dangin dangi. Tare da taimakon waɗannan maganganu masu ƙarfi, meerkat sauƙaƙe ma'anar wurare masu zurfi, cire abinci da kuma kayan gida.
Meerkat fur shine mafi m, launin toka-launin toka a launi tare da launin toka mai launin shuɗi, a kan wannan yanayin daga ƙarshen baya shine takwas zuwa goma madaidaiciya madaidaiciya waɗanda basu da shaci bayyananne. A kan kafafu, gashi yana da sauki, a ciki da kirji ba wuya, silvery, lebe, lebe da kunci sun yi fari, bakin makamin, zobe a idanu, kunnuwa da kuma bakin wutsiya baki ne. Idanu tare da ɗalibin zagaye zagaye da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi.
Meerkats suna da ma'ana mai ƙanshi sosai, ya zama dole don bincika kwari waɗanda ke tono a cikin yashi zuwa zurfin zurfafa, musamman a lokacin fari. Dogo mai tsayi a kan fuska yana taimaka musu su kewaya cikin manyan ramuka na ramuka.
Dabbobin suna da tsananin gani, suna iya yiwuwa su lura da mai farautarsu daga nesa. The duhu da'ira a kusa da idanu sha da wuce haddi ultraviolet, sabõda haka, meerkats iya duba kusan rana. Suna da fatar ido na uku da ƙarfi, wanda ke da aminci yana kiyaye idanu daga yashi.
Sukan farauto kunama, ci su tare da glandan guba.
Sukan farauto kunama, ci su tare da glandan guba.
Sukan farauto kunama, ci su tare da glandan guba.
Sukan farauto kunama, ci su tare da glandan guba.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Meerkat (daga Latin Suricata suricatta) ko myrrh na gari mai kyau - karamin dabba mai shayarwa daga umarnin magabatan dangin mongoose.
Mafi karancin girman dabbobi ne daga duka dangin mongoose, wanda yake da nau'ikan 35. Tsawon jikinsu da wuya ya kai santimita 35, wanda nauyinsu ya kai gram 750. Wutsiyar launi mai launin ja tare da baki mai laushi yana da tsawo sosai ga irin wannan girman jiki - har zuwa 20-25 cm.
Shugaban yana ƙarami tare da kunnuwa masu zagaye waɗanda suke nuna kan kambi mai duhu, kuma wani lokacin ma launi baki. Abubuwan da ke cikin idanu kuma suna da launi mai duhu dangane da sauran jikin, suna kama da tabarau, wanda hakan ke sanyawa mai ban dariya.
Launi mai laushi mai laushi a jikin gawa na wannan maharbin yana da ja-ja, wani lokacin ma kusa da orange. Tana da ƙananan ƙafa huɗu, kafafu na gaba tare da doguwar fika. Kamar duk mongooses, meerkats na iya rufawa wani abu mai ƙamshi wanda yake ɓoye shi daga cikin gubar dake ciki.
Masana kimiyya sun kasha wadannan dabbobi zuwa kaso uku:
- Suricata suricatta suricatta
- Suricata suricatta marjoriae
- Suricata suricatta iona
Habitat abincin dabbobi An rarraba shi a kan Afirka ta kudu na masu siye. Suna zaune a cikin yanayi mai zafi da bushe a cikin hamada da yankuna da ke kusa da su.
Abinci da tsarin abinci
Meerkats makiyaya ne, kuma babban abincinsu kwari ne da sauran wuraren motsa jiki. Suna jin daɗin ci da shayarwa, da kwai na tsuntsaye, da ƙanana da ƙanana. Abilityarfin ikon meerkats na cin dabbobin da gubarsa zata iya kashewa mutane sanannu ne. Sun sami nasarar farauta kunamai, suna cin su tare da glandar guba. Wasu macizai masu dafi ma ba za su iya k themselves are kansu daga wannan ba, ko da yake manyan layun suna jefa haɗarin mutum ga dabbobi. Meerkats sha musamman da wuya, da gamsu da danshi kunshe ne a cikin abinci.
Meerkats suna da metabolism sosai: a daren suna ƙona adadin kuzari kuma suna asarar kusan 5% na nauyin jikinsu, saboda haka suna cin dabbobi da yawa. Masu binciken sun gano cewa wani meerkat da ya girma yana cin abinci na kimanin kayan abinci 30 a cikin awa daya bayan ciyarwa.
A lokacin rani, a lokacin damina, meerkats ba su da ƙarancin abinci: ƙasa tana cike da matattun kwari waɗanda ke yawo a saman ƙasa, kuma idan sun haƙa, to zurfin zurfin ne. Saboda haka, dabbobin ba sa buƙatar motsawa daga rami, kuma suna farauta kusa da gidan. Kowane meerkat yana samun nasa abincin, manya basa raba abin da suka ci tare da juna, amma yara abubuwa ne daban. Saurayi sun fara rakiyar tsofaffi akan farauta tun suna wata daya, kuma duk yan gidan suna ciyar dasu. A farko, tsoffin meerkats suna ba 'yan sanduna ɗanɗano na larvae mai laushi, sannu a hankali koya musu farauta manyan invertebrates, gami da kunama, sannan zazzagewa.
Yayin ciyarwa, daya daga cikin membobin kungiyar dole ne "ya tsaya akan agogo" don lura da kusancin yadda maharmar ke cikin lokaci. Don samun kyakkyawar hangen nesa, meerkats suna hawa dutse, kututture har ma da shuki, kuma suna iya daidaitawa akan rassan bakin ciki, suna tsaye a kafafunsu na baya. Lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto (maƙiyi ko wani rukuni na meerkats), mai lura yana sanar da ƙungiyar duka game da shi tare da sigina na musamman.
Da farkon lokacin bazara, ya zama da wuya ga meerkats don samun abincin da ke ɓoye zurfin cikin ƙasa. Dole ne su bar ramin don nesa mai nisa - 2-3 ko fiye da kilomita, yawancin lokaci suna kai hari kan maƙwabta. Dangantaka tsakanin dabbobi akan ciyarwa sun zama tsayayye - suna iya ɗaukar abinci daga junan su ko da daga sanduna. Wannan halin shine halayyar mace mafi rinjaye idan tana da ciki. A wannan lokaci na shekara ne dabbobi guda ɗaya ke mutuwa, waɗanda aka tilasta su lokaci guda don neman abinci, sa ido ga masu farauta da guje wa haɗuwa da 'yan uwan masu rikici.
Kiwon dabbobi
A cikin meerkat iyali, “nannies,” i.e. duk jariran suna lura da manya biyu zuwa uku, yayin da sauran dangi ke farauta. Bayan yaran sun girma kadan, ana tura su zuwa ga “malamai” - meerkats, wadanda zasu koya musu farauta da sauran dabarun zama dole.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa babbar mace ce kawai ke haifar da zuriya a cikin dangi, za a iya keɓance musamman idan dangi ya kasance karami kuma akwai bayyanancin kananan dabbobi. A duk sauran halayen, matar da ta yi yunƙurin kawo ɗan ta za a iya fitar da ita daga dangin ko kuma kashe babiesa babiesanta. Haka kuma, mace takamaiman yayi daidai da “lokacin kisa”, tsakanin su mawuyacin hali na iya faruwa. Amma da zaran mace ta kawar da nauyin, za ta iya kwantar da hankalinta ya bar 'ya' yarta tare da wacce zuriyarta da ta kashe ko kuma ta kwantar da hankalin yaran abokan hamayyar. Wannan ana lura dashi kawai a cikin kabilun meerkat.
Aiki
Meerkats dabbobi ne masu fargaba: suna kwana a cikin ɓoyewa, suna kwancewa da juna kuma suna yin ɗumi da zafi tare. Bayan fitowar rana, dabbobin sun bayyana a farfajiya kuma ana ɗauke su don tsabtace gidan. Abinda ya wuce gona da ƙasa an watsar da shi, an tsabtace hanyoyin shiga rami kuma a faɗaɗa su. Baya ga tsaftacewa, wajibcin safe yana wajaba da rana. Meerkats suna tsaye a kan kafafunsu na baya, suna juya kawunansu zuwa ga rana su tsaya, suna haskakawa cikin haskoki. Fatar jikinsu tana da duhu kuma gashi tana da lafiyayye, don haka suna ɗumi da sauri. Bayan hanyoyin safe, sai dangi su tafi ciyarwa. Idan wurin da abincin meerkats ya yi nisa da rami, sai su dawo dashi kawai da yamma, suna hutawa a rana a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi ko a cikin wani tsari na ɗan lokaci kusa da wurin ciyar. Lokacin da ciyarwar ta isa kusa da gidan, siesta na rana yana faruwa a cikin rami na asalin.
Habitat, mazauni
Mahalli shine Kudancin Afirka: Namibia, Afirka ta kudu, Botswana, Angola, Lesotho. Mafi yawan lokuta ruwan daji na kowa ne a cikin hamada Kalahari da Namib. Suna zaune a cikin manyan filaye, hamada, kusan babu itatuwa da bishiyoyi. Fi son bude filayen, savannas, ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Irin wannan yankin ya fi dacewa da aikin rami rami da bincike na abinci.
Koma abinda ke ciki
Halin zamantakewa
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi nazarin meerkats musamman mawuyacin hali, kodayake, lura da dogon lokaci na dabbobi da aka yiwa alama a Kudancin Afirka ta amfani da hanyoyin bincike na zamani sun sami damar sanin waɗannan dabbobin.
Babban tsarin ɓangare na yawan meerkat shine dangi wanda tsayayyen sarauta ke mulki. Dukkanin mace tana kulawa da duk rayuwar dangi: ta zabi ramin da gidan zai zauna, wurin ciyar, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, kawai tana da 'yancin ta haifi' ya'ya.
Mafi girman maza an yanke hukunci ne a cikin mu'amala tsakanin maza, a matsayinka na mai mulki, shi ne ya kera ma'aurata tare da babbar mace kuma ya zama mahaifin duk jariran da aka haife ta. Ma'auratan na iya yin mulkin shekaru da yawa, kuma dangin zasu girma saboda zuriyarta. Yawan dabbobi a cikin dangi yawanci sun kai mutum 30, ƙananan rukunin meerkat suna da matukar rauni ga masu hasara, kuma manyan iyalai (sama da dabbobi 40) suna da wahalar kiyaye haɗin kai.
Iyalin meerkat suna da ƙanshin rukuni, wanda aka samu ta hanyar sa alama tare da dabbobi. Membobin kungiyar suna yin komai tare - a lokaci guda suna ciyarwa da hutawa, a hankali suna kulawa da yara kuma suna aiki a zaman gaba daya a kan makiya. Yayin ciyarwa, dole ne dangi ya kafa '' wasiƙu ', waɗanda ke lura da abubuwan da ke kewaye kuma suka yi gargaɗi a game da kusancin maƙiyin. Ma'aikatan na lura da jariran, kuma ba mata kadai ba, har ma da maza na iya yin aikin yi. Yin ango yana da mahimmanci a cikin al'umman meerkat - dabbobi ba wai kawai sun 'yantar da junan su daga cututtukan fata ba, tarurrukan dangi sun fi yawa don irin wannan aiki.
Kowane rukunin meerkat yana manne wa takamaiman yanki mai kariya. Girman yankuna na iyalai daban-daban suna rayuwa, alal misali, a Kalahari, mita 1 zuwa 3. km, kowane yana da aƙalla ramuka 5 waɗanda suka dace da rayuwar dangi. Ramin, musamman da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, na iya mamaye yanki na 25 × 32 m, babbar cibiyar sadarwa ce ta manyan ofisoshin kwalliya tare da kyamarori kuma har ya zuwa ɗaruruwan fitarwa. Matsakaicin, kodayake, burrows yana rufe yanki na 5 × 5 m kuma suna da fice 15. A cikin zurfin rami tafi mita 1.5-2, sabili da haka zazzabi a ciki yana da daidaito kuma ya kasance cikin kewayon 22-25. Iyalin za su iya zama a cikin rami guda da yawa na watanni, amma, yalwata fleas da ticks suna tilasta dabbobi su canza gidansu a kai a kai. Canji sau da yawa yakan faru ne kafin bayyanuwar zuriyar babbar mace, a lokuta ne na musamman ƙungiyar ta motsa idan akwai jarirai a cikin burrow. A lokacin da "motsi zuwa wani sabon gida", matasa 'yan cuban wasan suna ɗaukar a cikin hakora daga cikin manyan' yan uwa. Ana nuna alamar a kusa da ramuka tare da asirin gland na musamman.
Rikice-rikice a cikin bazara, lokacin da abinci ya yalwatacce, da wuya ya faru. Iyalai za su iya ciyar da nisan nisan mita ba tare da lura ba, ko watsi da juna. A cikin tarurruka a yankin kan iyaka, kungiyoyi sun iyakance ga ma'amala kan iyakokin al'ada.
Tare da farko na hunturu, abinci yana zama ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma iyalan meerkat na iya mamaye sauran yankuna na ƙasa. Lokacin da masu aika sako suka lura da baƙi, sai suka yi ƙara mai daɗin sauti, da kuma dabbobin kungiyar, da wutsiyoyi sama da kawunansu, suka yi kaurin suna a kafada, kafada da kafada suna kare yankin. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan na takaddama, ɗaya daga cikin dangin ya gaggauta zuwa harin. Kowane ɗayan rukunin yana jin ƙarfin zuciya a cikin yankinsa, kuma galibi baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ba kai tsaye suna tashi. Yaƙe-yaƙe na jini da wuya su kasance tsakanin ƙungiyoyi masu daidaitattun lambobi masu daidaitawa, amma idan dangin sun girma sosai a lokacin bazara, yana neman faɗaɗa yankinsa. A irin waɗannan halayen, faɗa na iya zama mai zafin gaske har ma ya haifar da mutuwar wasu dabbobi. Meerkats musamman basu da son kai don kare burrows tare da san su a cikinsu, saboda sasan da suka bari a baya za a kashe baƙi.
Idan a cikin lokacin rigar da yawa an kafa sabbin rukunin meerkats, to a cikin hunturu sake raba wurare bai zama tilas ba, wanda zai kasance tare da fadace-fadace masu zafi.
Ina meerkat take zama?
Hoto: Live Meerkat
Meerkats sun zama na kowa a Kudancin Afirka.
Ana iya samun su a ƙasashe kamar:
Wadannan dabbobin an daidaita da su ga yanayin zafi mai bushe, wanda zai iya jure wa da hadari. Sabili da haka, suna zaune a cikin hamada da rabin hamada. Misali, ana samun meerkats a adadi mai yawa a cikin yankuna na hamada na Namib da hamada Kalahari.
Dukda cewa ana iya kiransu Hardy, amma meerkats basu da cikakkiyar shiri don maganin sanyi, kuma da wuya su iya jure yanayin zafi. Wannan ya cancanci tunawa da magoya baya don samun dabbar dabba a gida. A Rasha, yana da daraja a lura da yanayin zafin gida a hankali kuma a kawar da tarkace don lafiyar dabbobi.
Meerkats son bushe, fiye ko lessasa da ƙasa kasa, saboda su iya tono tsari. Yawancin lokaci yana da ƙofar da yawa da kuma barin kuma yana ba dabba damar ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba a cikin ƙofa ɗaya, kuma yayin da maƙiyin ke zubar da wannan wuri, meerkat ya gudu ta wani mafita. Hakanan, dabbobi na iya amfani da wasu ramuka na mutane, wasu dabbobi suka haƙa suka watsar da su.Ko kawai a ɓoye a cikin ɗakunan ƙasa na asali.
Idan yankin yana mamaye da tushen dutse, tsaunika, fashewar abubuwa, to, meerkats suna murna da amfani da kogo da koguna don wannan maƙasudi kamar burrows.
Kiwo da kuma zuriya
Meerkats ya isa balaga tun yana dan shekara daya, amma a dabi'a ya fara farawa daga baya. Babban amfani a cikin haihuwa shine babba mace. Idan 'yan' yayan sun bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin daughtersya heranta mata, za ta iya kashe su, ko kuma ta kori '' mai laifi '' daga kungiyar, ko kuma canja wurin duka rukuni zuwa wani rami, da barin mahaifiyar da ta yi da jariran
Mace na da ikon samar da offspringan har sau 4 a shekara, kodayake, a mafi yawan lokuta, haihuwar ta keɓe zuwa lokacin bazara, lokacin damuna kuma yana faruwa daga Oktoba zuwa Maris. Sakamakon ciki, wanda yakai tsawon kwanaki 70-75, daga tsayi 2 zuwa 5 na nauyin 25-30 g ya bayyana a cikin ramin .. Bayan ciyar da jariran, mahaifiya tafi farauta tare da kungiyarta, kuma '' yar '' ta kasance tare da yaran, wanda baya barinsu. har zuwa dawowar sauran membobin kungiyar. Yara suna ciyar da madara ba kawai mahaifiyar ba, har ma da wasu mata na rukuni, kuma don meerkats irin wannan sabon abu kamar yadda aka bayyana allolactation: madara ta bayyana a cikin matan. Idanun ‘ya’yan suna budewa a ranakun 10-14, amma sun bar ramin kawai makonni 3 bayan haihuwa. Har sati daya, ɗayan membobin rukunin ya kasance tare da su, kuma yayin da ya kai wata ɗaya, yaran sukan tafi farauta tare da manya. Manyan membobin rukunin suna ba su farkon gwada larvae, kuma daga baya kawo mafi girman ganima. Ana nuna halin Meerkats ta hanyar koyar da matasa: yara ba wai kawai lura da farauta bane, dattawa suna nuna musu yadda ake yin su. A lokaci guda, manya suna tantance matsayin karatun jariri don jimre wa wani da aka azabtar da sautinsa. Abincin abinci na madara ya daina yana da shekaru bakwai zuwa bakwai.
Kwanaki 2-3 bayan haihuwar jarirai, mace kuma ta sake yin shiri domin matse. A wannan lokacin, mafi girman maza na kungiyar ba su rabu da ita ba kuma suna kiyayewa a hankali daga wasu maza. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da akwai abinci mai yawa a kusa, maza masu girma daga ƙungiyoyi maƙwabta na iya dogaro da dangi mai shayarwa, suna jawo hankalin mata, amma babbar mace na iya zuwa wurinsu "a ranar". Bayan ma'aurata, waɗannan maza sun koma ga danginsu, amma wani lokacin sukan jagoranci youngan mata sannan daga baya aka kafa sabon gidan meerkat.
Abokan gaban magabatan meerkats
Hoto: Meerkat Cubs
Sizearancin girman dabbobi yana sa su zama waɗanda ke cikin masu hasashen da yawa. A ƙasa, dawakai suka fara cin naman daji. Daga sama suna fuskantar barazanar gaggafa da mikiya da sauran tsuntsayen ganima, musamman gaggafa, wadanda suke cin karensu ba kan kananan bawo ba har ma a kan manya manya. Wani lokacin manyan macizai na iya shiga ciki don burushi. Misali, muryar sarki tana iya jin daɗin ba kawai makaho mai kurciya ba, har ma da kusan manyan mutane - waɗanda suke tare dasu zasu iya jurewa.
Bugu da kari, meerkats dole ne suyi fada ba kawai tare da masu farautar ba, har ma da danginsu. A zahiri, su kansu maƙiyi ne na halitta. An yi imani cewa garken meerkats da sauri suna cin abincin da ke akwai a cikin gundumar kuma suna lalata yankin mazaunin su. Kuma saboda wannan, dangi suna tilastawa kullun yin yawo daga wani wuri zuwa wani.
Wannan yana haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe na kabilanci a kan ƙasa da kuma saman sansanin abinci. Yaƙe-yaƙe na dabbobi suna da ƙarfi sosai, kowane yanki na biyar da ke faɗa yana mutu a cikinsu. A lokaci guda, mace tana kiyaye mahimmin abin da yake so musamman idan an samu wata mace ta mutu, abokan gaba sukan kashe duk zubinsu ba tare da banbanci ba.
Meerkats sun shiga cikin yaƙin kawai tare da wakilan irin nasu. Daga mafarautan suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa a mafaka ko gudu. Lokacin da maharbi ya bayyana a fagen hangen nesan sa, dabbar za ta ba da labarin wannan ga dangi da murya domin duk garken ya kasance cikin masaniya kuma zai iya tserewa
Meerkats a Zoo na Moscow
Meerkats ya bayyana tare da mu a cikin Yuli 2009, tun daga Afirka ta Kudu. Wani jirgin sama wanda ke yin kwaikwayon yanayin ƙasa: yashi, burrows, busasshen itace an shirya shi musamman don isowarsu zuwa cikin babban filin "Ungulates of Africa". A bango na baya, ana fentin wuri mai kyau na Savannah na Afirika wanda dabbobin suna jin kusan gida. Kuma sun “yaba” kokarin masu zane: sun fara tsalle a jikin bango, kamar suna kokarin tserewa zuwa ƙasashensu na asali.
Dabbobin tara na balagaggu sun fito daga iyalai daban-daban. Meerkats suna da ƙaƙƙarfan dokoki waɗanda ba sa ba da izinin baƙi a ƙasarsu, kuma a cikin kwanakin farko waɗannan dokokin sun fara aiki. An kashe dabba guda, yayin da aka kori wasu biyu daga kungiyar. Dole ne su gaggauta sauke su, kuma a wannan lokacin ne sauran suka kwantar da hankalinsu kuma su warke tare da gidansu. Babban mace da babba sun ƙaddara, kuma ba da daɗewa ba mun lura cewa ana tsammanin maye gurbin a cikin kungiyar.
An haife jarirai huɗu manya da ƙarfi, amma mahaifiyarsu ta kasance ƙarami (a yanayi, mace mai shekara ɗaya ba ta haihuwa), kuma jikinta ba zai iya tsayawa a kanta ba. Dole ne yaran su ci abinci mai amfani. Ciyar da jarirai masu nauyin gram 30 ba karamin aiki ba ne, amma ma’aikatan gidan zoo suna da kwarewa sosai, sun kasance iyaye mata masu kulawa har ma da jarirai masu nauyin karfe 5. Meerkatiks ya fada hannun gwani kuma ya amintar da lokacin ciyar da madara. A karshen Nuwamba, matar, wacce aka kora daga kungiyar, an dasa ta tare da yaran. Akwai haɗari mai yawa da mace za ta gan su baƙi, sannan yaran za su iya biyan wannan gwaji tare da rayuwa. Koyaya, mun yanke shawara mu dauki zarafi, saboda ƙirƙirar halayen kirki don ƙananan dabbobin suna buƙatar sadarwa tare da mutane manya daga jinsinsu. Tsoronmu ya zama mara amfani: dabba da ta girma tana okin neman ta don kawai ta ɗauki damar fara dangi a zaman farin ciki. Amma yara, a lokacin da suka kai mako biyar, a farko sun fara kare yankin: tare da wutsiyoyinsu sun gaji da kafada, suna adawa da “abokan gaba”. Koyaya, macen da ta girma ta zaɓi hanyar yin watsi da ita kuma, sa'a daya kawai, bayanda cuban ta ta kwantar da hankalinta, ta kwanta kusa da ita ta fara lamuran su. Don haka mun sami dangi na biyu na meerkat.
Kuma a cikin rataye a yayin gabatarwar, dangi ya ci gaba da rayuwarsa: dabbobi suna wasa, su goge furcinsu ga juna, kwandon “rana”, yashi. Suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin barci, kuma zuwa aviary, tabbas za ku ga waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya. Suna matukar sha'awar cewa zasu iya katse hutunsu don ganin wanda ya zo. Amma sautin mai karfi ba ga yadda suke so ba: meerkats suna tsoro, duk da farin gilashin da ke raba su da mutane. Amma idan kun tsaya shiru a cikin jirgin sama, zaku ji yadda suke "magana". A cikin bauta, dabbobi ba sa canza halayensu, suna buƙatar sauraron juna koyaushe.
A cikin lokacin sanyi, dangin meerkat suna zaune a cikin babban tanadi, tare da fara bazara, suna buɗe hanyar zuwa titin aviary. Dabbobin sun fara fita zuwa rana, su bincika kewaye, amma har yanzu ana amfani da dare mai sanyi a cikin rami mai dumi a cikin wurin shakatawa. Kuma kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta ɗumama sama, meerkats tafi zuwa zama a waje don duk lokacin bazara. Wani abu makamancin haka yana faruwa a cikin fall: tare da farawa na sanyi, dabbobi sannu a hankali suna motsawa zuwa babban filin wuta.
Ana ciyar da Meerkat sau 3 a rana. Abin menu nasu ya haɗa da cuku gida, ƙwailo da ƙwaiƙansu, kaza, amma dabbobi suna da rai musamman idan sun ga tsutsotsi na gari, larva na zofobas da kwari. Meerkats suna kamawa kuma ku ci su da saurin walƙiya, wani lokacin jayayya da jayayya da juna. An fi son kabeji don kayan lambu, da ayaba don 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Lokacin da suka cika, an buga tare kuma, bayan sun manta da kowace irin jayayya, suna tsabtace juna.
Abubuwan Kyau
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, meerkats ba sa son rushwa cikin yaƙi, farauta dabbobi masu haɗari.
Bidiyo da kwatancen waɗannan dabbobin sun nuna cewa suna da matukar kulawa, sake yin ƙoƙarin ɗaukar haɗari.
Sukan farautar da dukan dangi, suna lalata kowane santimita na ƙasarsu.
Saboda wannan fasalin, kayan abinci sun lalace cikin sauri, kuma meerkats dole suyi yawo zuwa wani wuri. Amma ba shi da damuwa!
Dabbobin suna kulawa a gaba cewa a yanki daya da rabi zuwa murabba'in kilomita uku na kayansu yakamata a sami ramuka sau 3-5, wanda a lokaci-lokaci suna haɓakawa, suna faɗaɗa kaɗan saboda yanayin haɓakar matasa.
Duk abin da garken ya yi, koyaushe yana kan mai tsaro 1 - 2 masu aikawa, suna shimfiɗa jikin tare da zare ko da zare a hankali cikin nesa.
Ban sha'awa! Meerkats na iya gani da kyau, ko da suna haskaka kai tsaye a gaban rana. Don kare kai daga makanta, suna da fatar ido na uku, saboda haka a koyaushe suna kama hatsarin da ke gabatowa daga sama.
Wasu meerkats suna kan wuraren dutse, inda ba za ku iya haƙa mahalli masu dacewa ba.
A wannan yanayin, suna neman kogon da ya dace ko kuma kwazazzabon da zasu iya jin kariyar.
Duk abin da garken ya yi, koyaushe yana kan masu tsaro 1 - 2 masu aikawa, suna shimfiɗa jikin su da zaren koda da kuma zub da saurin su zuwa nesa
Iyalin dabbobi a hankali ke girma, kuma domin a ciyar da su gonar meerkat tana buƙatar faɗaɗa.
Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne mu mamaye sabbin yankuna daga 'yan'uwanmu kabilu.
A cikin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe na kabilanci, babban matsayi ga nasara ana yin sa ta hanyar yadda garken ke da haɗin kai.
Dabbobin suna cikin layi mai yawa, suna juya wutsiyarsu kuma suna ƙoƙarin tsalle kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Idan abokan gaba basu yarda da girman "bala'in bala'in" ba, meerkats sun fada cikin yaƙi.
Dabbobi suna amfani da irin wannan dabarar ne kawai lokacin da suka yi yaƙi da irin nasu.
Idan muna magana ne game da manyan masu farautar da ke haifar da barazana, to hanya daya kawai za'a bi - a gudu.
Ban sha'awa! A yaren meerkats akwai bayyanannun ma'anoni na yadda kusancin da inda haɗarin ke fitowa daga - "ƙasa - iska" ko "gaba - kusa". Ana koyar da jarirai Meerkat da farko don fahimtar sautin "gaba - kusa", sannan kawai don bambance inda matsala ta fito.
Shugaban gidan ya tsare umarni kuma ya tsare saurayi
Tsafta
Meerkat sau da yawa yana buƙatar iyo. Idan maigidan ya bishi, a wannan yanayin, dabbar zata iya wanke dabubenta bayan kowace tafiya.
A kowane wata yakamata kuyi wanka da dabba tare da shamfu marasa tsayayya don dabbobi. A saboda wannan dalili wankin ya dace. Yayin aikin, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba ya shiga cikin kunnuwan dabbar.
Meerkats ba sa iyo sosai, saboda haka bai kamata ku bar su su fita cikin wani ruwa ba don wannan dalilin.
Bayan an yi wanka, a goge dabba da tawul ɗin sai a busar da bushe. Kawai kenan zaka iya barin tafiyar taka kusa da gidan.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da abubuwan da ke ciki na meerkats
- Meerkats suna da matukar son sani, saboda haka suna farin cikin sadarwa tare da mutane. Wasu kabilun Afirka sun ma yi nasarar mallake waɗannan dabbobin.
- Kowane safiya bayan fitowar rana, dangin meerkat suna musayar kauna tare da junan su, kamar dai suna taya kowa murnar sabuwar ranar.
- Waɗannan dabbobin suna da nasu yaren: masu bincike a cikin sadarwa na meerkats sun lissafa fiye da dozin daban-daban.
- Meerkats suna riƙe da hali na gaisuwa har tsufa. Suna da hankali da tuntuɓar juna, wanda a sauƙaƙe yana bawa mai shi damar nemo harshe na yau da su. A lokaci guda, meerkats ba mai rikicewa bane, ba a sanya shi akan mai shi da baƙi ba.
- Suna da saukin fahimta, suna yin sauti iri-iri, dangane da halin da ake ciki, amma ba sa yin kuka, ba dabbobi ba hayaniya. Destarfin meerkats ya fi ƙarfin kare ko cat, don haka kawai ba su iya "juya gidan".
- Suna son hawa bayan gado mai matasai, kayan daki, inda ya ke kunkuntar da duhu, suna iya bincika komai, za su iya hawa wani katafaren gida su zauna a tsakanin tufafi, ba za su lalata komai ba, amma za su juya duk wasu makullai ne, don haka ya fi kyau kar su manta rufe kofofin. Abubuwa ba sa zagewa, kar a washe, wayoyi, ma.
- Babu mutumin da zai iya maye gurbin meerkat tare da babban dangi, wanda a cikin daji zai iya kai mutum 40.
- Koyaya, meerkats na iya zama da sauƙi tare da wasu dabbobi, kamar su cat da kare, idan wannan cat ko kare ba shi da mummunar hali, mai halin rayuwa.
- Meerkats ba mugunta ba ne, kuma idan baƙi sun zo zauren, tabbas za su haɗu da su da kallon kallo. Sun saci takalmi, jaka da duk wani abu da ya bayyana a yankunansu, amma ba zai nuna zalunci ba.
- Tabbas, zai fi kyau a fara ba meerkat ɗaya ba, amma biyu a lokaci ɗaya, saboda su iya wasa da kula da juna, idan baku so ku fara yin meerkats, to kuna iya samun brothersan’uwa biyu mata da maza guda ɗaya.
- Meerkats a cikin gidan suna zaune a cikin sasantawa kyauta. Babu sel! A matsayin bayan gida, Meerkat za ta dace da cat ko ƙaramar kare, mai ɗaukar abin da kuka zaɓi. Fuskokinsu da fitsari suna jin ƙarancin cat fiye da na cat, kuma tare da tsaftacewar al'ada da na lokaci, gidan ba ya ƙanshin su.
- Kuna iya zuwa yawo tare da meerkat, amma suna jin daɗin rayuwa, koyaushe suna zaune a gida. Don tafiya, abin yin laushi ga matasa ferrets ya dace. Karka bari meerkat ta lalata kayan ta a titi, yana iya gudu ya ɓace ko kuma ya shiga motar!
- A lokacin rani, yana da kyau a samar da meerkat tare da samun damar zuwa ɗayan taga a gefen hasken rana.
- Meerkats suna son kallon ta taga abin da ke faruwa, lokaci-lokaci suna hawan mutane a kan masu wucewa da motoci. A kan windows akwai gidan sauro, da zai fi dacewa baƙin ƙarfe, in ba haka ba meerkat na iya faɗo daga taga! Hakanan baya halatta gare shi ya zagaya baranda idan ba mai kwalliya ba!
- A cikin abinci, Meerkats ba mai fara'a bane, suna iya cin abincin cat, haka kuma kuna iya ciyar da nama, kifi da kayayyakin kiwo. Su kuma baza su ki baranba da sauran dabbobi ba. Babban abu a cikin abincinsu shine samun wadataccen ruwan sha.
- A cikin yanayi, meerkats suna zaune a cikin ramuka, don haka ya fi musu kyau su ɗauki gidan elongated, ba babba ba ne, ko zaku iya siyan bututun masana'anta na meerkat don karnuka, kuma a ƙarshen bututu suna kwance katifa mai laushi. Ka tuna cewa meerkats ba su bar “mafaka” da daddare ba, saboda haka puddles zai bayyana a can lokaci-lokaci, bai kamata ka azabtar da jaririn ba saboda wannan, ilhami baya ba shi damar fita zuwa cikin duhu ... magabatan ban tsoro na iya yawo a can. Amma meerkat shima baya iya jurewa har safiya. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a lokaci-lokaci a canza masa zuriyar dabbobi.
Halayyar gida
A cewar sake dubawa, meerkats ji mai girma a cikin aviary har ma a cikin wani Apartment. Aikinsu, da nishadi, da soyayya suna matukar shahara ga masu shayarwa. A cikin bauta, dabba zai iya rayuwa aƙalla shekaru 12. Amma tunda dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son hanyar iyali, yana da daraja ku sami kamar guda. Idan mai shi baya son karɓar zuriya, zaku iya ɗaukar jinsi daya. Don haka ba za su zama masu gundura ba, kuma koyaushe akwai damar yin wasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga dabba. Dabbobin gida abokai ne tare da mai shi, amma na ƙarshe ba zai iya maye gurbin dangin da dabba ba.
Bayanan kula
- Meerkat
- labarin daga Babban Soviet Encyclopedia. - Cikakken bayanin Encyclopedia. "Dabbobi masu shayarwa" Yarima. 1 = Sabon Encyclopedia na dabbobi masu shayarwa / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M.: "Omega", 2007. - 464 p. - kwafi 3000. - ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8. - S. 137.
- ↑ 1234Samurai T.
[dabbobin dako.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Suricata_suricatta.html
Suricata suricatta
(meerkat)] - Yanar Gizo na Dabbobin Dabbobi - Akimushkin I.I.
Duniyar dabbobi. Dabbobi masu shayarwa, ko dabbobi. - 3rd ed. - M.: Tunani, 1994 .-- 445 p. - ISBN 5-244-00740-8. - S. 123. - Clark J.
[dabbobi.howstuffworks.com/mammals/meerkats-poison1.htm Shin meerkats zata iya illa daga guba?] - HowStuffWorks - [zmmu.msu.ru/files/images/musei/publication/divers_mammals-3.pdf Bambancin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kashi na III] / O. L. Rossolimo, I. Ya. Pavlinov, S.V. Kruskop, A.A. Lisovsky, N.N. Spasskaya, A.V. Borisenko, A.A. Panyutin. - M.: Buga gidan KMK, 2004 .-- 408 p. - (dabbobi iri-iri). - ISBN 5-87317-098-3. - S. 719.
- [kakarvar.ru/serial-4536-BBC_-_ZHizn__mlekopitayushih.html Jerin BBC: Rayuwar Dabbobi. Jerin na 8]
Kan aiwatar da meerkat zuwa tire
Hanyar shigar da dabbobi zuwa bayan gida mai sauki ne kuma baya haifar da kowace wahala. Dabbobin suna amsawa sosai ga horo. Da farko kuna buƙatar duba gidan dabbobi, kuma lokacin da yake so ya taimaka, ya kamata ku canza shi zuwa tire. A cikin taron cewa ba ku da lokaci don motsa dabbar zuwa wurin da ya dace, kuna buƙatar cire abin da ya yi kuma ya sa a cikin tire, sanya meerkat a wurin kuma nuna masa sakamakon ayyukansa. Bayan meerkat ta gama madaidaiciyar hanyar zuwa bayan gida, tabbatar da baiwa dabbar abin da zata ci. Wasu ma'aurata irin wannan horo, da meerkat za su fahimci inda ake buƙatar sarrafa al'amuran ku.
Kafin dabba ta tafi barci a gidansa, ya zama dole a sanya mayafin diaper a can, saboda da dare, dabbar ba za ta fita don biyan buƙata ba. Wannan halin shi ma halayensa ne na mazaunin sa, tunda meerkat ba zai taɓa barin raminsa da dare ba, kuma ba zai jefa kansa cikin haɗari ba.
Ra'ayoyin masu shayarwa
Kusan duk masu mallaka ba tare da togiya ba kawai sun sake nazarin halaye masu kyau game da meerkats. Wannan dabba mai kwalliya ta sami ƙauna tare da ɗimbin mutane a ƙasarmu. Suna danganta dabba da wayayye, soyayya, kyauta babu matsala.
Maigidan suna son gaskiyar cewa ba mai kutsawa ba kuma ba ya dame hankalinsu, baya lalata abubuwan gida. Zai iya hawa zuwa kabad kuma ya juya komai a ciki, amma ba zai tsinke komai ba kuma ba zai ciji ba. Fatar dabbar da aka yi niyyar ba za ta tsinke komai a ɗakin ba.
Halin jin daɗin rai na meerkat ya kasance tare da shi tsawon rayuwarsa. Dabbar za ta zauna lafiya da cat, in da ba mugunta ba. Meerkat yana bi da baƙi da son sani, yana fita don samun masaniya, ba ya nuna zalunci.
Matsayin iyali
Matsayi na rukuni ya zama dole ga dabbobi su rayu. A wasu lokutan ana kiran wannan rukuni “ƙungiya” ko “taron jama'a” na meerkats. Yana ƙarƙashin shugabancin alpha biyu wanda mace ke rinjaye. A cikin ƙungiya da aka kafa, yawancin mambobinta yara ne ko kuma lingsan uwansu maza biyu.
Alfa-biyu (da kuma nau'i-nau'i "ƙarƙashin" a gare su) a shekara suna cika dangi ta hanyar ƙwararraki na 2-4 a shekara. Sauran 'yan kungiyar suna lura da zuriyarsu har ma wani lokacin suna ciyar da yaran da madara. Dukkan waɗannan an yi su ne saboda rayuwar jariran yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba da yawan jama'a.
Ban sha'awa! Ma'aurata tsofaffi galibi suna jefa rayukansu cikin haɗari don kare offspringan zuriyar danginsu.
Tambayoyi na tsaro
Dangane da sake dubawa, meerkats a gida suna bayyana kansu azaman dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, bincika dukkan fasa, suna iya hawa cikin gado mai matasai. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci ga mai shi ya tabbatar da amincin mai gidan dabbobi:
- Ya kamata a rufe duk ramukan haɗari daga dabba.
- Dabban yakamata ya sami damar shiga loggia mara amfani ko baranda.
- Ya kamata a ɓoye magungunan cikin gida cikin aminci.
- Itemsaramin abubuwa (maɓallai, ƙusoshin, zaren) bazai yuwu ga meerkat ba. Wannan ya shafi sharar gida.
- Kafin kunna na'urar wankewa, tabbatar cewa an sanya dabbar a wurin yin bacci a ciki.
- Yayin rufe kofofin, tabbatar cewa dabbar ba ta zube kusa da shi ba.
Babu magani ga mutum ya kamata a bai wa mai gidan dabbobi. Game da cutar dabbobi, likitan dabbobi ya kamata a nuna shi.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa tsammanin rayuwar meerkat a gida zai dogara ne kai tsaye akan kulawar da mai shi yake dashi ga dabbar.
Tunani
- [dabbabox.ru/animals/surikata-suricata-suricata Surikata]. dabbar dabba.ru - Encyclopedia na duniyar dabbobi. - Bayanin, hoto da kayan bidiyo. [www.webcitation.org/65WFsP5Th Rubuce daga asali a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2012].
- [terramia.ru/photo/surikat-solnechnyj-angel-afriki/ Meerkat - mala'ikan hasken rana na Afirka]. terramia.ru - mujallar Intanet game da yanayi. - Hoto, bayanin. [www.webcitation.org/65WFtDO2A Rubuce daga asali a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2012].
: Hoton da ba daidai ba ko ɓace | Don inganta wannan labarin, yana da kyau:
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Rayuwa
Meerkats suna jagorantar tsarin rayuwa mai tsayayye: farkawa da safe, suna zuwa neman abinci, sannan ku ɗan ɓata lokaci a bayan ɗakin su fara ramuka. Suna tono kusan duk lokacin hutu, suna zurfafawa da fadada darussan, da dawo da wuraren da ake yayyafa su da kuma girka sabbin kayan maye. Ana kiyaye sabon burrows yayin ajalin tsohuwar, wani lokacin meerkats watsi da burrow na baya saboda mummunan kamuwa da cuta da motsa 1-2 km a cikin unguwa. Motsawa daga ayyukan, meerkats suna iya ɗaukar ɗan barci na ɗan iska: a cikin matsanancin zafi suna bacci a cikin ramuka, wani lokacin suna ɗaukar rana, suna shimfidawa a mafita, amma hakan yana faruwa cewa ɗan iska ya rufe su kai tsaye a fagen fama, to, meerkat da ke tsaye a cikin akwati na iya shakata da faɗuwa. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa ma'anar yara ba ta da hankali. Waɗannan dabbobi masu hankali da kulawa, suna duban koyaushe. Da magariba, sai meerkats suka sake zuwa neman abinci suyi bacci, da dare basa aiki.