Etymology, synymms, sunaye a cikin wasu yaruka
Trimeresurus - sau uku-tailed, albolabris - fari-lipped. An ba da sunan ne daidai da canza launin shugaban.
Farin-fari mai launin shuɗi-kai, Bamboo viper, Itace mai farin fari, Farin-lipped, mai ɗaukar koren farin-farin.
Wei? Lippen Bambusotter, Wei? Lippen Lanzenotter (Jamusanci).
Biyan kuɗi
3 tallafi.
T. a. albolabris shine mai gabatar da tallafi.
T. a. insularis - fararen hular keffiyeh.
T. a. septentrionalis - keffiyeh mai farin fari.
Ga wasu masu karɓar haraji, dukkan nau'ikan abubuwa uku ana ɗaukaka su zuwa ga matsayin jinsin, wanda, yin hukunci da rabuwa da juna, daidai ne.
Girma
Tsawon jiki tare da wutsiya har zuwa 61 cm shine maza, har zuwa 82 cm - mata. Rikodi - 98 cm.
Yankin
T. a. albolabris - Indiya, gami da tsibirin Andaman da Nicobar. Myanmar Thailand. Laos. Kambodiya. Vietnam. Kudancin China, ciki har da Taiwan, Hong Kong da Hainan. Malesiya. Indonesia: Bank, Sumatra, Java, Madura, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Sava, Roti, Alor, Adonara, Timor, Vetar, Sulawesi, Kalimantan da sauransu.
T. a. insularis - Indonesia: New Guinea da tsibiran tsibiran da ke kewaye.
T. a. septentrionalis - Nepal, Bhutan, India: Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh. Bangladesh
Biotope da salon rayuwa
Rigar daji mai zurfi da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, gandun daji masu wuya, gandun daji mai sauƙi, dajin kwari, ƙananan kwari da ƙafafun ƙafa, ƙananan dutsen zuwa 800-1000 m sama da matakin teku, ambaliyar ruwan koguna da rafi, bankunan wuraren tafki, matsanancin bamboo, tsiro, wani lokacin a kewaye da birane da garuruwa. Ayyukan ba dare ba rana. Woody, hawa, da wuya sauka zuwa ƙasa. A matsayin matsuguni, yana amfani da burtsatse, da ɓarnar katako, ƙirar tsuntsayen da aka watsar, amma galibi yana ɓoye tsakanin foan girma da rassa. Adheres ga kowane rukunin yanar gizo, wanda a lokacin kakar na iya zama daga bishi ɗaya zuwa 2-3.
Banbancin jinsi
Mace sun fi girma, kuma sun fi sako biyu fiye da maza, yayin da kuma tsawon wutsiyoyin maza sun fi na mace girma. A cikin maza, jela yana da tsawo tare da halayyar thickening a gindi, yana da cylindrical daga dubura, sannan ya wuce cikin mazugi. A cikin mata, jela ya fi guntu, ba tare da ya yi kauri a gindi ba, conical. Maza suna da fararen fari mai haske a saman garkuwar labial na sama - “farin lebe” (duba hoton), mace ba ta da irin wannan tsararren (duba hoton a taƙaitaccen bayanin nau'in).
Keffia mace (Trimeresurus albolabris)
Keffiyeh fari-fuska (Trimeresurus albolabris)
Don kufi, ana buƙatar nau'in terrarium mai tsaka-tsaki don dabbobin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa tare da dumama na gida da ke ƙasa zuwa ƙasa (fitilar wutar lantarki, fitilar madubi), ko ɗumama ɗamarar dumama: igiyar ƙarfe, matacciyar mat. Minimumaramar ƙaramar terrarium ga maciji ɗaya shine 50? 30? 50 cm (ban da tsayin fitilar). Zazzabi a cikin kwandon dumi, a lokacin dumama, da rana zuwa 32-35 ° C. A cikin kusurwar sanyi - 20-22 ° C. Da dare: har zuwa 25 ° C a cikin wani kusurwa mai dumi kuma har zuwa 18 ° C a cikin kusurwa mai sanyi. Yanayin zafin rana a yayin rana shine 25-28 ° C, da dare shine 20-24 ° C. Rassan sassan tsayi da kauri daban-daban yakamata su kasance a ko'ina cikin farfajiyar, ciki har da wurin dumama, kuma yakamata a lura cewa yawancin rassan ya kamata su kasance kusa da kwance a wurin. Ana yin ado da terrarium tare da tsire-tsire na wucin gadi ko sanya shi a cikin tukwane zaune tsire-tsire masu guba mai ƙarfi tare da ganye mai ƙarfi da harbe-harbe: dodanni, philodendrons, ficuse, da dai sauransu ilasa a cikin terrarium ba na tilas bane, amma zaka iya amfani da tsakuwa, kayan kwakwa, sphagnum ko rufe ƙasa na terrarium tare da takarda tace. A ƙasa kuna buƙatar shigar da mai sha. Aaƙƙarfan zafi mai ƙarfi ya zama dole a cikin terrarium, wanda sau ɗaya a rana ya kamata a fesa terrarium da ruwa mai dumi, sphagnum ya kamata ya kasance mai daɗi koyaushe. Hakanan ana amfani da zafi ta hanyar shigar da ruwa, ko janaren hazo wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar jigilar lokaci da yin aiki sau 1-2 a rana don mintina 1-2. Zai fi kyau a bar kufiy dabam ko a cikin rukuni - 1 namiji don mace 1-2.
Ciyar da abinci
A dabi'a, kufii suna cin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa iri iri, tsuntsaye, 'yan amshi, ba sa cin abinci kaɗan.
A cikin yanayin terrarium, ana ciyar da keffiyeh tare da mice, frogs, quails, da ƙananan passerines. Abincin abinci don macizai na manya: lokaci 1 a mako, don yara dabbobi - ƙaramin abinci: lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 5. Abincin da yake farawa ga jariri kufiy: frogs da jariri mice. Suna shan ruwa, wanda ya kamata ka canza shi akai-akai a cikin mai sha. Tare da abinci, dole ne a ba da kayan abinci masu ma'adinai daban-daban, alal misali: ƙasƙancin ƙwayayen ƙwai, shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da alli. Ana iya ƙara ruwan ma'adinai (Borjomi) a cikin mai sha. Ba fiye da sau ɗaya a wata tare da abincin ba da hankali kan shirye-shiryen bitamin. Daidaitaccen ciyarwa ga dabbobi masu rarrafe bayar gwargwadon umarnin.
Namiji kufiy yana da halin rukunin abinci na musamman. Ba za su iya cin abinci sosai tsawon watanni 2-3 a cikin shekara, yayin da suke ci gaba da zama dole sai har zuwa kaka mai zuwa.
Kiwo
Namiji kufi yawanci ya balaga lokacin da yake shekara 1.5-2, mace - yana da shekaru 3. Jinsunan Ovoviviparous.
Bayan cirewa daga lokacin hunturu, macizai suna jiyyarsu kuma suna ciyar dasu, suna kara shirye-shiryen da ke kunshe da bitamin E don ciyarwan har tsawon makonni 2-3. Sa’annan maza da mata ana shuka su tare. Tacewar tayi tsawon lokaci - daga awa 1 zuwa 5. A cewar wasu maɓuɓɓuka, kufiyas na iya ɗaura aure a duk shekara, amma lokacin da ya dace na wannan ya samo asali ne daga ƙarshen Fabrairu zuwa Mayu, kodayake tare da saurin canzawa zaku iya cimma duka ma'aurata a baya da kuma daga baya. Bayan balaga, bayan watanni 2, wani lokacin kuma a baya, mace ta daina cin abinci kuma ba sa cin abinci kafin haihuwa, amma akwai wasu ban da wannan rigimar. A cikin terrarium inda mace mai ciki take, ya kamata a sanya sphagnum kuma a jika a kai a kai. Bayan kwanaki 129 - 157, tare da haihuwar ciki, haihuwa take faruwa. Mace tana haihuwar daga 1aya 1 zuwa 16. Yara sun fara cin abinci bayan molt na farko.
Abin sha'awa shine damar mace don adana maniyyin maza na dogon lokaci, bayan wanzuwar haihuwa da haihuwar al'ada, wannan shine ɗayan mafi mahimmancin karɓuwar wannan jinsin don halayen muhalli masu illa.
Lokaci da kuma kari na yau da kullun
Tsawon lokacin awowin rana da dumama rana a lokacin aikin dabbobi shine awowi 12. Zazzage ciki tare da fitilun UV tare da UVB 4-5% a cikin lokutan hasken rana, irin waɗannan fitilun na iya yin duka aikin wutar lantarki da sakawa a ciki. Don sakawa a iska mai guba, zaka iya amfani da fitilun erythema - minti 5 sau 3 a rana. Idan babu fitilun da ke sama, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan aikin gida kamar UFO daga mintuna 1 zuwa 5 na mako guda, daga nesa na 50 cm - 1 a kowane wata. Lokacin da aka sanya wutar lantarki tare da fitilun erythema da na'urori kamar UFOs, dole ne a kiyaye dabba a cikin yanayin bushe.
Ba za ku iya bin sahun yanayi na dabbobin zamani ba, amma ga keffits ɗin manya, a cikin shiri don kiwo, mai zuwa ya zama dole. Daga ƙarshen Oktoba, yayin makonni biyu zuwa uku, awancin hasken rana da tsawon lokacin dumama rana ana rage su a hankali. A cikin awanni 8, macizai sun daina ciyar da su kuma suna kashe dumama da daddare. Bayan haka, a cikin awowi 4 na haske, ana kashe dumamar rana, sannan, bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki, wutar. Zazzabi a lokacin sanyi ya kamata ya zama a matakin 15-18 ° С. Don kula da yanayin zafi, ana fesa terrarium a kusurwa ɗaya a kowane kwana biyu. Ba a tsaftace kwanukan shan ruwa ana sabunta su koyaushe. Tsawon lokacin sanyi shine watanni 1-2, a cikin yanayin dabba. Ana fitar da macizai daga yin hunturu a cikin irin rawar da aka sa su, a hankali suna ƙaruwa sa'o'in hasken rana da ɗaga zafin jiki. Cikin awa 8 a rana, ana kunna dumama dare kuma ana bayar da abincin kufiyah.
ƙarin bayani
Tsammani na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12. Keffiyeh farin-lipped dabba ce mai dafi, tana da cakuduwar murhun ciki da ƙoshin ƙwayoyi, tare da tasirin thrombotic. Saboda haka, duk da cewa ba ku da raunin macijin a cikin ɗayan mafiya haɗarin haɗari tsakanin dabbobi masu rarrafe, kuma akwai karancin kisa bayan ciji da wata kufiya fari, ya kamata a sani cewa abubuwan da wannan macijin a gida bashi da lafiya!
Janar bayani
Kufii (ko macizai na Asiya da ke da mashin) suna cikin asalin halittar gurneti mai dafi na dangi. Wannan Halittar ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan guba 30 waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a Gabas ta Hemisphere. Sun sami sunan su don halayyar halayyar su, da matukar mashin mashin. Shugaban, yana da siffar triangular da wuka mai kaifi, an rabu dashi da jiki sosai.
Macizai kufi suna jagoranci ko dai hanyar rayuwa ko yanayin rayuwa. Ana lura da yawan aiki cikin dare da maraice. Babban abincin shine frogs, ƙananan rodents da tsuntsaye.
Iri daban-daban
Mafi girman nau'in shine keffiyeh na Habu, wanda ke zaune a tsibirin Amami da Okinawa. Tsawonsa ya kai mita 2.5 (ƙarin cikakken bayani daga baya a labarin). Sauran nau'in, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su wuce mita ɗaya ba.
Mafi shahararren shine kyakkyawan keffiyeh mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka rarraba a tsibirin tsibirin Malay (a gabas ya isa tsibirin Sulawesi, kuma a arewa - Phillipin). Wannan iri-iri sanannen ne ga launinsa mai haske: akan bango mai launin-kore akwai alamu masu rawaya masu haske, ɓangaren saman kai yana fentin launin rawaya.
Yawancin mazauna karkara suna ajiye su a cikin bishiyun kusa da gidajensu. A ra'ayinsu, wannan yana tabbatar da samun walwala. Macijin ya samo sunan ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ana adana yawancin daskararrun abubuwa a tsibirin Penang (gabar yamma da tekun Mullaki ta yamma), a haikalin Maciji.
Keffiyeh shuɗi (Komodskaya) yana da kyau sosai. Jikinta yana zanen launin shuɗi mai ban sha'awa.
Sauran nau'in keffiyehs:
- farin lebe
- Kalimantan
- tsoro
- goshi
- m
- rawaya mai launin rawaya
- jan-tailed
- rawaya kore
- siriri,
- bamboo
- babban sikeli
- malabra
- thailand
- Harshen Tibet
- pungent,
- jihar bakin teku
- lebur-nosed
- Sumatran
- Ceylon
- da sauransu da yawa.
Bayanin da hoto
Daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan kufi, a gida, ana iya kiyaye wakilan nau'ikan da ke tafe:
- fararen-fari
- haikali
- bamboo
- Ceylon
- jan-tailed
- rawaya kore
- malabar
- purplish-hange.
Haikali
Wannan nau'ikan yana da yawa da yawa daidai da wanda ya gabata, amma har yanzu wasu halayen ɗabi'unsa ana iya ganinsu nan da nan.
Siffofin bayyanar.Tsawon maciji yakai cm 75-100. Kofin jikinsa koyaushe yana hade da haske, tare da fifikon launuka daban-daban: daga bangare mai launin kore-kore mai hade da launin shuɗi-mai-canza launin, zuwa kore mai cike da launin shuɗi, tare da ƙaraira mai rauni. A cikin ɓangaren kai na sama akwai kyakkyawan yanayin launin rawaya, kuma a saman ido akwai layin rawaya mai haske (ruwan duhu mai duhu yana wucewa cikin ido da kanta). Ciki ne mai launin shuɗi-kore. Virulence. Komon maciji na gidan ibada yana da rauni kuma baya iya kaiwa ga mutuwa. Koyaya, shafin cizon yana kumbura kusan nan da nan kuma yana ba da ciwo mai zafi ga sassan maƙwabta na jiki. Don rage yanayin, zai fi kyau a gabatar da maganin rigakafi idan ya yiwu.
Habitat da salon rayuwa.Mafi sau da yawa, yana yiwuwa haɗuwa da keffiyeh na haikalin a kan tsibirin Malay da kuma gabashin gabashin tsibirin Philippine, inda yake zaune a cikin gandun daji mai laima. Ganyen ganyaye ya zama mafaka a cikin rana, kuma da isowar dare da maƙiyin yakan bar shi yana neman abinci. Gaskiya ne, wakilan wannan nau'in basu da aiki kuma suna iya kwantawa a wuri guda tsawon makonni ba tare da nuna alamun rayuwa ba. Wasu mutane ma suna ɗauke shi ba tare da tsoron cizo ba.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin haikalin keffiyeh an mamaye shi:
- kananan rodents
- gwanaye
- kwaɗi
- kananan tsuntsaye.
Bamako (budru-pam)
Wakilan nau'ikan bamboo iri-iri na kufi kusancin dangi ne na rattlesnakes da ke zaune a Amurka da macizai masu ban tsoro, gama gari a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayi.
Siffofin bayyanar. Launin mai rarrafe ya dace daidai da sunanta - yana kama da launi da wani matashin bamboo (kore-launin toka). Gaskiya ne, a duk faɗin jikin mutum an ƙara yin irin wannan ginin tare da fararen fari da rawaya, kuma farawa daga kai da ɓangarorin akwai rabe-rawaya mai haske da shuɗi mai haske. Launin wutsiya kusan iri ɗaya ne ga launi na sauran jikin, amma zai iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai haske, mai launin shuɗi. Siffar ta kai uku, kuma tsawon jikinsa bai wuce 82 cm ba.
Virulence. Guba ta kefifiyeh tana da rauni sosai kuma ba ta iya cutar da mutum sosai. Bayan macijin maciji, halayen gida (kumburi, jan launi) mai yiwuwa ne, tare da alamomin jin zafi. Amma tana cije baki ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kawai tare da barazanar da kanta ko kuma da haushi. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a gida, ana yawan karba shi. Habitat da salon rayuwa.Tana zaune a cikin ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa a cikin ɓangaren tsakiyar Nepal, Indonesia, Indiya, Taiwan, Bangladesh. A wasu wurare yana da wuya, galibi tare da kiwo mai zaman kansa. Da rana, keffiyeh tana cikin inuwar bishiyoyi (ana yin ta akan rassan tare da taimakon wutsiya mai kauri), kuma da yamma tayi ta gudu don farauta.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Babban menu na keffiyeh bamboo ya kunshi:
- kwaɗi
- gwanaye
- kananan tsuntsaye
- rodents
- manyan kwari.
Sake bugun. Viviparous, a lokaci yana samar da macizai 7-15. Tsawan lokacin daukar ciki shine kwanaki 150.
Ceylon keffiyeh
Wakilan wannan nau'in ba su da yawa fiye da wasu a cikin daji, saboda iyakance halin mazauninsu na asali. A lokaci guda, baza a iya kira su da rashin fahimta ba, dole ne kawai ka kalli kamannin macijin. Siffofin bayyanar.Tsawon jikin "Ceylon" yakai matsakaici kuma tsawonsa yakai 60-75 cm. Shugaban yana da fadi, lebur, sirin layi a siffar. Makarfan yana nuna kuma duk an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli na fasalin wanda bai dace ba. Neck - sharudan tapers a jiki, wanda shine dalilin da yasa gaban yayi kama da mashi. Babban launi na Sikeli a jikin mace shine kore, amma yana cike da tsarin launi mai duhu. Haske mai rawaya a bayyane ya bayyana a baya, kuma launi na ciki shine yafi wuta: yawanci mai launin shuɗi, kodayake ana samun macizai masu launin toka na ciki. Babban launi daga cikin maza na Ceylon kufiya yana da haske.
Virulence. Gubar tana da guba a ɗan lokaci, amma na iya haifar da kumburi a wurin ciji. Jin zafi daga gare shi ba ya tafi kwanaki. A lokuta da dama, yana iya haifar da gazawar koda da rashin aikin yi.
Habitat da salon rayuwa. A cikin daji, Ceylon keffiyah ana samun shi ne kawai a cikin Sri Lanka, wanda shine dalilin sunan jinsin. Macizai da wuya saukowa zuwa ƙasa, sun gwammace su ja jiki tare da rassan itace. Hollows, laifofi a cikin haushi, har ma da tsuntsayen tsuntsayen suna zaman mafaka a gare su, amma galibi suna cikin ganyayyaki da rassa. Ofasa ta maciji ɗaya yawanci ana iyakance ga 2-3 itace. Abinci mai gina jiki. Tushen abincin "Ceylon" ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, 'yan tsirarun dabbobi da ƙananan tsuntsaye, kuma masu lizards suna kan menu da wuya, galibi a cikin rashin abincin da suka fi so.
Sake bugun.Ceylon keffiyah yana cikin kungiyar masu macizai. Domin ciki daya (tsawon kwanaki 129-150), mace tana dauke da macizai 5-25, wadanda zasu fara ciyar da kawunansu bayan molt na farko.
Red-tailed keffiyeh (Bengali)
Kamar nau'in Ceylon, Bengal keffiyeh bai zama ruwan dare ba tsakanin masu shayarwa masu zaman kansu. Bugu da kari, a cikin daji ba koyaushe zai yiwu a lura da yanayin tafiyarsa.Ta fuskoki da yawa, yana kama da sauran kufii, saboda haka ba ya haifar da ɗimbin sha'awar masu bincike.
Siffofin bayyanar.Matsakaicin mafi girman maza shine 57.5 cm, mace ita ce cm 104. Babban launi jikin shine kore, amma maza suna da madaurin tsinkaye na wuta (mace na iya samun shi). Wutsiyar duka maza da mata launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ne. Virulence. Baladin Bengal keffiyeh yana kama da kayansa a cikin guba ga wasu nau'ikan waɗannan macizai: yana haifar da kumburi mai ƙarfi a wurin ciji, tare da bayyanar wahaloli tsawon kwanaki. A cikin halayen da ba kasafai ba, haɓaka yawan zafin jiki yana yiwuwa.
Habitat da salon rayuwa.A cikin daji, ana samun kufi mai launin jan-wuta a gabashin Indiya, haka kuma a Bangladesh da Myanmar.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Babban sashin abincin shine amphibians da beraye, amma suna iya cin abinci masu zaki da ƙananan tsuntsaye.
Sake bugun.Ta kasance ta ƙungiyar macizai masu tsananin maye kuma ta haifi zuriyarta har kwana 150. Har zuwa 10 sababbin mutane suna bayyana a lokaci guda.
Rawaya-kore mai launin keffiyeh, ko Habu
Idan aka kwatanta da keffiyehs na baya, cibiyar ba ta da irin wannan launi mai kyau na jiki kuma an mamaye ta a ƙasa. Siffofin bayyanar.Tsawon jikin wannan maciji ya bambanta tsakanin 1.2-2.5 m, kuma nauyinsa shine kilogiram 2-3.5. Shugaban yana da lebur, yana faɗaɗa a bayan kai kuma yana da girma. Jiki yana da yawa, yana da wutsiya mai ƙarfi a ƙarshen. Launi - daga zaitun haske zuwa koren rawaya mai duhu tare da duhu duhu akan duk faɗin jiki. Bangon ciki fari ne.
Virulence. Macijin da ya fi tayarwa da hankali tsakanin dukkan kufi da aka bayyana. Amma, duk da cewa ta kai hare-hare sau da yawa, lokuta masu ƙarancin cuta tsakanin mutane ba a yin rikodin su. Mutuwar daga gubarsa kawai 1-2%.
Habitat da salon rayuwa.Rawaya mai launin shuɗi-kore ya zama ruwan dare a tsibiran Amami da Okinawa, inda ya fi dacewa a zauna a cikin gandun daji da makiyaya, ba da nisa da ƙauyukan ɗan adam. Yakan motsa sosai ta cikin itaciya, kuma babban aiki yana faruwa cikin dare.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Yana farautar berayen, tsuntsaye, da wuya ya haɗa da wasu macizai da kwaɗi a cikin menu. Matasa ma suna ciyar da shayarwa.
KiwoA lokacin kiwo, mabuɗin na sanya ƙwai, daga guda 3 zuwa 18 a lokaci guda. Lokacin shiryawa shine makonni 5-6, bayan wannan macizai sun bayyana, kusan tsawon 25 cm kowane. A zahiri basu banbanta da manya.
Malabar
Ana samo shi a cikin daji a cikin iyakantaccen yanki, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ba'a wuya a gasa a gida. Gabaɗaya, macijin yana cikin hanyoyi masu yawa kama da sauran danginsa, kodayake yana da wasu bambance-bambance na waje.
Siffofin bayyanar.An kwatanta shi da girman matsakaici kuma, a mafi kyawun, ya kai mita 1. Gina - siriri, launi - mafi yawa launin kore, zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da duhu mai duhu a saman jiki da rawaya mai launin shuɗi a tarnaƙi. A ciki rawaya ne, na iya samun aibobi.
Virulence.Malabar keffiyeh yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma ba zai taɓa kai hari ga mutum ba. Ciwancinta ba mai mutuwa ba ne, amma har yanzu yana haifar da jin daɗi sosai, kumburi har ma da rauni, watakila tare da ƙwayoyin tsoka na gida. Habitat da salon rayuwa.Yana faruwa a cikin iyakantaccen yanki a kudancin Yammacin Ghat, inda yake zaune a kan tsaunukan dutse tare da tsintsaye masu girma da yawa (a tsawan mil 600-2200 a saman teku). An yi nazarin rayuwar wannan keffiyeh ne kawai: an gan shi a farauta duka biyu a maraice da dare, a kan bishiyoyi da ƙasa.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Ya farauta dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kananan tsuntsaye, da sauran dabbobi na dabbobi.
Sake bugun. Yana sa ƙwai, amma har yanzu ba a san ainihin adadinsu ba.
Coastal (tsarkakakke-tabo) keffiyeh
Kamar nau'ikan da ya gabata, ba kowa bane, amma yana iya zama babban ƙari ga tarin keffiyehs.
Siffofin bayyanar. Tsawon jikin maciji ya kai 90 cm, kuma an nuna bambancin jima'i a bayyane: mace sun fi maza girma. Shugaban yana da yawa kuma yana da fadi, jiki yana da tsawo, tare da layuka masu tsayi a tsaye. Launi - cherry ja ko launin ruwan hoda mai haske, tare da launi mai haske koren haske a gefuna. Abun ciki kore ne. Virulence. Gubar tana da guba mai ƙarancin gaske, amma wurin cizon yana iya cutar mako guda ko fiye. Yana da kyau a gabatar da maganin ta hanyar da ta dace.
Habitat da salon rayuwaCoastal kufiyy suna zaune a cikin jihar Assam ta Indiya, Bangladesh, Thailand da kuma kan yankin. Sumatra. Wasu lokuta ana samun su a Zirincin Malacca. A matsayin wurin zama, waɗannan kufiy suna zaɓar gandun daji na wurare masu zafi waɗanda ke bakin teku.
Abinci mai gina jiki.Abubuwan al'aura, mujiya da ƙananan tsuntsayen sune suka mamaye abincin.
Sake bugun. Ya kasance tare da rukunin masu rai masu rarrafe. A wani lokaci, mace daya ta kawo macizai 10 a wannan duniyar.
Dabbobi masu ban sha'awa da dabbobi masu rarrafe a koyaushe suna jan hankalin masu tattara kuɗi daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Koyaya, yayin ma'amala da mutane masu guba, dole ne mu manta game da kiyayewa yayin shirya kundin gidan ƙasa da kuma kara kula da dabbobi.
Kayan aikin Terrarium
Yawancin kufa da aka bayyana sun dace sosai don filin tsaye da aka tsara don dabbobi daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Zafafawar irin waɗannan tsarukan ya kamata ya zama na gida, tare da tushen zafin wuta na nuna ƙasa (incandescent ko fitilun madubi sun dace da aikin masu zafi). Abubuwan da ake buƙata gaba ɗaya don ƙirar kanta da kuma ƙungiyar yanayin dacewar tsare cikin ta an ginata ne ga halaye masu zuwa:
26.11.2018
Gidan keffiyeh (lat. Tropidolaemus wagleri) nasa ne na ƙarƙashin shugabancin Pit-head (Crotalinae) daga dangin Viper (Viperidae). A Malaysia, ana ɗaukar wannan maciji mai daɗaɗɗen dabba ne mai tsarki. A cikin unguwannin Georgetown, babban birnin jihar Malay na Penang, akwai wani ƙaramin gari Bayan Bayan Lepas, wanda a ciki ya sami duka girmamawa.
A shekara ta 1850, an gina haikali a nan domin girmamawa ga mutumin Buddhist Chor Soo Kong, wanda ya rayu a karni na 11. Ya kasance fitaccen mai warkarwa na kasar Sin kuma an san shi da kasancewa mai tsaron gida mai iya rarrabewa. Bayan an gama ginin, ana zargin macizai sun fara rarrafe a cikin ginin da aka gina, saboda haka ana kiranta haikalin Maciji.
Wakilan jinsunan Tropidalaemus wagleri sun nuna irin wannan aikin, saboda haka ana kiransu keffiyehs na temple. Masu shakkar gaskiya suna shakkar tsoron masu halittu masu rarrafe kuma suna da tabbacin cewa sufaye sun kama su musamman kuma an basu su zuwa gidan su.
Saboda da cewa daruruwan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba sa ciji mahajjata da masu yawon shakatawa, suna cutar da su koyaushe kuma suna ciyar da su da ƙananan ƙwayoyi.
A cikin wannan halin, basu da lahani gaba ɗaya kuma suna bawa kowa damar ɗaukar hotuna tare da mutuminsu.
An bayyane salamar dabbaran halittun mai da barorin bayin Sihirin kamar yadda amfanin amfani da ƙona turare. A zahiri, kufi suna aiki da daddare, kuma a yayin rana basa zama mai rauni da kwayar waje.
Mazauna karkara suna amintar da su a hannayensu yayin hasken rana kuma suna farin cikin dasa su a rassan bishiyun kusa da gidansu. Sun tabbata cewa ta wannan hanyar mutum zai iya jawo hankalin dangi da walwala.
Yaɗa
Mazaunin yana cikin Kudancin Asiya. Ya daga yankin kudu maso kudu na Thailand, Singapore da Vietnam zuwa Indonesiya da kuma yammacin yankunan Malaysia.
Yawancin mutane suna zaune ne a Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi da kuma tsibiran tsibirai na tsibiran Indonesiya na Kepulauan-Riau da Mentawai. A Philippines, ana samun macizai a tsibiran Balabac, Basilan, Bohol, Dinagat, Leite, Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Palawan da Tumindao.
Gidan keffiyeh yana zaune a yankuna masu yanayin zafi da kuma yanayin ƙasa.
Yawancin lokaci yakan kafa gawawwakin ruwa a kusa, swamps, a cikin gandun daji da dazuzzukan ruwan low. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samunsu ne a kan noman gona, a wasu lokutan ana lura da ita a plateaus. An fara bayyana nau'in a matsayin Cophias wagleri a cikin 1826 daga masanin dabi'ar halitta na kasar Jamus Heinrich Boyer kuma ya sanya wa suna sunan abokin karatunsa da kuma masanin tarihin dabbobi Johann Georg Wagler.
Halayyar
Da rana tsaka kufiys suna hutawa a jikin bishiyun bishiyoyi, kuma da dawowar maraice suna zuwa neman abinci. Farauta tana kasancewa tsawon daren har zuwa wayewar gari.
Ba kamar yawancin jinsunan da ke da alaƙa ba, suna cizo kawai a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, lokacin da suka ji mummunan haɗari ga rayuwarsu.
Kowane maciji yana da nasa wurin hutawa, inda zai dawo bayan kamun kifi na dare. Ganye mai rarrafe a bayyane yake a ciki kuma ya bar kawai cikin matsanancin yanayi. Kumfar jikinta tana dauke da haemotoxins kuma yana iya zama sanadiyar mutuwar mutane. Koyaya, ba a riga an yi rikodin masu haɗari ba a hukumance.
Ciyar da abinci
Abinda muke ci kufi a cikin yanayi - mun riga mun sani, amma a gida yana da wahala a sami frogs, tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa da kuma amphibians. Za su iya zama kyakkyawan canji:
- dakin gwaje-gwaje
- m,
- quails.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Fan kofa keffiyeh koyaushe yana farauta daga wurin kwanto, cikin haƙuri yana jiran wanda aka azabtar yana wucewa. Ta kama shi da walƙiya na gaban jikin ta.
Kasancewar ramuka biyu mai zafi mai zafi tsakanin idanu da hanci da kuma maida martani ga radadin radadi daga halittu masu dumin jini yana taimaka mata wajen sanin ainihin inda abin ya faru. Godiya garesu, maharbin ya sami damar yin farauta cikin duhun duhun, wajen tantance yawan zafin jiki na 0.003 ° C. Tana kuma da cikakkiyar wayewar kai.
Abincin ya hada da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, lizards, amphibians da tsuntsaye.
Abinda aka fi so shine dwarf bishiyar bishi ((an Tupaia) da tupai na al'ada (Tupaia glis). A cikin Gidan Maciji, masu rarrafe, ban da ƙananan dabbobi, ana ciyar da ƙwaiyen kaji.
Kiwo
Gidan keffiyeh na ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin ovoviviparous. Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, qwai tare da kwasfa na bakin ciki ana yin su a cikin jikin mace. Amsar da ke tasowa a ciki ana ciyar dasu da abinda ke cikin kwai gwaiduwa. Kusayayan sun shiga cikin mahaifa sannan sukai waje.
Tropidolaemus wagleri ya fara haifuwa duk shekara. Babu wani yanayi da ke tattare da yanayin canjin yanayi, amma akasarin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi tana faruwa ne a lokacin damina, ban da yawan jama'a da ke zaune a iyakokin arewacin kasar. A cikinsu, akwai ɗan gajeren hurawar hunturu, bayan da masu rarrafe kan fara aure da ƙwazo.
Cutar ciki yana daga kwanaki 120 zuwa 150. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi ɗaya akwai daga 15 zuwa 20 (matsakaicin arba'in).
Tsawon macizai da aka tono shine 12-15 cm kuma ya dogara da shekarun mace. Nan da nan bayan haihuwar su, sun ci gaba da rayuwa mai 'yanci. Maƙiyi sun fi zama sassauƙa da na hannu idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na tsofaffi kuma suna samun wadatar abincinsu gaba ɗaya a saman ƙasa a cikin lokacin ciyawa.
An bada shawara don adana keffiyehs na Haikali a cikin ɗakunan wurare na tsaye tare da dumama na gida. Don dumama, zaka iya amfani da fitilun wutar lantarki na yau da kullun. Minimumaramar shawarar da aka ba da shawarar da ya manyanta ya kamata ya kasance 70x80x120 cm.
Kada a riƙe macizai da yawa a cikin sarari lokaci ɗaya ba wanda ake so ba. Tare da namiji ɗaya, ba za a iya kiyaye mace fiye da mace 1-2 ba. A cikin terrarium don gidan dabbobi mai daɗi, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu rai kuma an kafa rassan lokacin don hawa. A lokacin rana, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 28 ° -31 ° C, kuma da dare ana saukar da shi zuwa 24 ° -27 ° C. Tsawon lokacin hasken rana kusan awa 12 ne.
Don kula da girman zafi na akalla 75%, Ya zama dole a fesa ganuwar terrarium da ruwa kowane kwana 2-3. Tabbatar tabbatar da kwano mai shan ruwa da kuma abin rarrafe a kowane wata yana ba da damar ɗaukar wanka mai ɗumi. Ana sanya ƙananan kwandon kwakwa, tsakuwa ko ganshin sphagnum a ƙasan.
Ana ciyar da macizai na tsofaffi sau ɗaya a mako, kuma a cikin yara kowane kwana 4-5. Idan akai la'akari da cewa a cikin bauta zasu iya ƙin shan abinci, zaku iya canzawa zuwa ciyarwa bayan makonni 2-4. Ciyar da abinci ana yi da yamma yamma. Dabbobin gida suna ciyar da mice, hamsters da tsuntsayen wucewar. Addedyan itace da ke fashewar kayan ƙwai ko na ma'adinai na karafa ana saka su kowane wata akan abinci.
Ilimin Jima'i a kufii
A cikin maza Steineger, launin launi yana daga shuɗi da emerald zuwa koren duhu, yayin da layin gefe yana da fari tare da launin shuɗi. Maza suna da ɗigo ko digo tare da kunya. Idanu daga orange zuwa buffy. Abubuwan launuka na mata na Steineger suna da ciyawa, kore mai haske, kuma layin gefe yana da fari. Babu wani digo ko digo a jiki, idanu suna rawaya.
Macijin yana ciyar da kwaɗi, zakuna da ƙananan tsuntsaye.
Namiji mai launin shuɗi yana da launi mai launin shuɗi mai haske, ciki ciki mai launin rawaya-kore, layin gefe suna fari. Akwai fararen fararen fata a jikin mutum, idanuwa mai launi-Ocher.
Mata masu launin shudi mai launin shuɗi shima suna da launi mai launin shuɗi mai haske, amma ciki mai ruwan hoda ne kuma layin ƙarshe yana launin rawaya-kore. Babu ratsi a jiki, idanu suna rawaya.
Sigogi na zazzabi da zafi a cikin terrarium
Ana kiyaye keffiyehs na manya a cikin gilashin terrariums waɗanda ke auna santimita 50x30x50. Yakamata ya kamata samun iska a cikin farfajiyar. Gidajen waɗannan macizai an tanadar musu da rami mai cike da tudun dafawa, kwanon sha, snags da rassa. Ana ajiye macizai a cikin keji na filastik waɗanda ke auna 25 x 20 x 10 santimita.
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da macizai, waɗanda ke jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mafi yawanci, wanda babban launi na jikinsa kore ne.
Tabbatar samun dumama rana da rana na terrarium. A lokacin daga bazara zuwa kaka, awanni hasken rana ya kamata ya zama awanni 16, kuma zazzabi yayin rana kada ya kasance sama da digiri 27-28, cikin dare ana saukar da shi da digiri 23-25.
Ana kiyaye zafi a kashi 75-85%. Daga tsakiyar Oktoba, a hankali hasken rana ya rage kowace rana zuwa awa 2, zuwa awa 8 a rana. Sannan a cikin sati, za a rage yawan hasken rana zuwa awanni 0. Kuma a cikin wata guda, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin daki har zuwa digiri 15, wannan shine '' lokacin hunturu 'na macizai. Bayan hunturu, tsawon lokacin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa.
An samo shi duka a cikin gandun daji na farko mai zafi da kuma cikin dazuzzukan sakandare.
Siffar abinci mai kufiy
Yaran keffiyehs da mata masu juna biyu suna cin abinci a duk tsawon lokacin aiki. Kimanin kwanaki 90 kafin haihuwar, mata sun daina cin abinci. Bayan sun haihu, sai suka fara cin abinci kullum.
Bayan hunturu, maza sun ƙi ciyarwa ko shan shi sau 1-2 kuma kada ku ci tsawon watanni 2.5. A wannan lokacin, suna neman mace don mating.
Mace masu ciki da matasa ba sa ciyar da kai a kai tsawon tsawon lokacin aikin.
Bayan lokacin kiwo, maza suna ciyar da watanni 2-3 kuma sun sake tsayawa. Sun ƙi ciyar da kewayen Yuni har zuwa lokacin hunturu na gaba - har zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba. Wato, suna barin don hunturu kusan ba tare da abinci ba. Mene ne dalilin wannan halayen maza kufi yana da wuyar fahimta.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Rawaya kore keffiyeh
Wannan nau'in nau'in ba shi da launi mai haske, kamar sauran nau'in, don haka an kware shi sosai a mazauninsu. Tsawonta ya kai mita 1.2-2.5, nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 3.5. Shugaban yana da fadi kuma yana daɗaɗɗa a kusa da ɓangaren occipital. Launin launi - haske zaitun ko rawaya-kore tare da duhu aibobi. Bangon ciki fari ne.
Ya gwammace ya zauna cikin ciyayi da gandun daji, kusa da matsugun mutane. Maciji mai launin shuɗi-kore yana motsawa cikin bishiyoyi, lokacin lokacin ganiya yana aiki dare.
Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan zafin kufi. Gaskiya ne, a tsakanin mutane, mutuwar mutane bayan cizon saukin saukin kamari ce.
Game da matakan tsaro
Masu tara kuɗi a duniya koyaushe suna jan hankalin dabbobi da dabbobi masu rarrafe.Lokacin hulɗa tare da mutane masu guba, ya kamata a dauki matakan kulawa yayin kiyaye su.
Abubuwan da ake bukata na masu shayarwa:
- sanya farfajiyoyi daga ɗakuna, yana da kyau a sanya su a cikin wani ɗaki dabam,
- koyaushe bincika tsananin murfin murfin,
- kan aiwatar da tsafta da kuma hulɗa da keffiyeh, yi amfani da safofin hannu na roba,
- kada ku tozarta dabbar kuma kada ku karve ta (dabbobi ne masu guba da dabba),
- sanya abinci a cikin taranti tare da yankuna na musamman, wanda zaku iya amfani dashi lokacin tsaftace abincin da ya ragu,
- Idan kuwa cizo ne, to yakamata a sami maganin rigakafi a cikin majallar magani (zai hana jin zafi da sauran munanan sakamako),
- Sabon shiga zuwa kiwo macizai keffiyehs ya fi kyau a zaɓi wakilan ire-iren jin kwanciyar hankali (alal misali, keffiyeh) don farawa.
A ƙarshe
Kalmar keffiyeh ana kuma kiranta sharar kwalliya (gutra ko shemagh) wacce ba ta da alaƙa da macizai, waɗanda idan suna ɗaure shi (a cikin alwatika) ana amfani da ita azaman kai daga maza a ƙasashen larabawa. Har ila yau, yana da wata doka a haɗe da ita - huraren da aka yi amfani da shi don riƙe wannan rigar a kansa. Kufiyah ta yadu sosai tsakanin mazaunan jejin Arab da Sahara, da Sinai da Larabawa Larabawa, a arewacin Afirka da gabashin Asiya, da kuma cikin ƙasashen larabawa na Tekun larabawa. Sau da yawa, anaffiyeh na larabawa sanye da farar hoop.
Wannan al'ada ta bunkasa a Arabiya, tun ma kafin musulinci mutanen gari suka karɓi shi. A cikin tsoffin zane-zanen da aka adana a wa annan wuraren, ana nuna hotunan maza da wasu yadudduka masu launuka masu yawa akan kawunansu, tare da ƙarfafa su. A yau, kufiyas a cikin wani akwati (ja da baƙi), wanda ya bayyana a 20s na ƙarni na karshe, sun shahara sosai.
Matakan tsaro
Lokacin aiki tare da macizai masu guba, dokokin aminci yakamata su kasance da fari. Don haka ba wai kawai za ku iya kare kanku daga matsalolin da ba dole ba, har ma ku tabbatar da kasancewar kwanciyar hankali ga dabbobinku, ba tare da fushin da ba dole ba daga waje. Babban bukatun sune kamar haka:
- sanya terrariums daga berths, zai fi kyau idan ɗaki ne daban a gidan,
- koyaushe bincika murfin tank,
- Lokacin saduwa da keffiyeh ko tsabtace gidanta, koyaushe yi amfani da safofin hannu na roba,
- kar ku tozarta dabbar kuma kada ku karbe ta a hannun ta kamar yar kyanwa - wata dabba ce mai kyau, kuma tana da guba,
- sanya abinci a cikin taranti tare da keɓaɓɓun sara, waɗanda suke da amfani ga tsabtace tarkace abinci,
- koyaushe sanya maganin ƙura a cikin ɗakin magani idan akwai wata cizo (zai taimaka hana jin zafi, kumburi da sauran sakamako mara kyau),
- Idan kun kasance sababbi ga kufiy kiwo, ga masu farawa ya fi kyau ku zabi wakilan nau'in nutsuwa (alal misali, kufiy).
Whitetail keffiyeh: maharbi wanda aka haife shi
Yankin da aka yi wa yaren fararen lefe mai farin digo yana yin warin, yana taimaka ko da cikin matsanancin duhu a ƙarƙashin murfin dare don sanin ainihin wanda aka azabtar.
Mai shimfiɗa harshensa, keffiyeh ya kama kwayoyin ƙanshin wuta waɗanda suke iyo cikin iska. Ta amfani da yare guda, macijin ya isar da su ga wani sashe na musamman, wanda yake akan ginin.
Daga can, bayanan da aka karɓa suna zuwa kwakwalwa, inda ake sarrafawa. Don haka, macijin ya yanke hukuncin cewa warin ya fito ne daga bakin wanda yakeso.
Amma ba harshe shine "makamin ɓoye" na keffiyeh mai farin fata ba, amma ramuka dake kan gaban kansa.
Wadannan ramuka suna daya daga cikin hankulan mutane, kuma suna da membrane wadanda suke kama zafin da yake fitowa daga dabbobi masu dumin jini.
Tsarin farauta kamar haka: na farko, macijin da ke amfani da harshe yana tantance kasancewar wanda aka azabtar a nan kusa.
Sa'an nan kuma tana kwance, tana ɗaukar matsayin jira a ƙananan ƙananan bishiya ko a cikin bushes, masking kanta a cikin ciyawa mai yawa.
Da zaran karfin ganima ya isa nesa nesa - a hancin kai hari, macijin yana kunna ramuka.
Macijin yana aiwatar da bayanan da aka samo tare da taimakon ramuka a wannan sashi na kwakwalwa wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa alamun gani.
Don haka, macijin yana karɓar tsararrakin zafi (ko hoto mai zafi) wanda aka azabtar, wanda aka mamaye shi akan hoton na gani.
Godiya ga wannan, farin-eyed keffiyeh yana da ikon kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar da shi tare da daidaitattun abubuwa masu ban mamaki, yana gano wuraren da suka fi rauni.
Guba tana aiki nan take. Kasancewar ba shi da jini, jim kaɗan bayan cizo sai ya kai ga lalacewar hanyoyin jini kuma yana haifar da zubar jini.
Bayan haka, ta amfani da hakora babba, mai ciwan kwai na jan abin da ke kwance a bakinsa.
