Goral ya mamaye wani matsakaici tsakanin awaki da tururuwa kuma suna da alamun duka biyun. Tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 120 cm, tsayinsa a lokacin ya bushe yakai 75 cm, nauyin kuma yana daga kilo 40 zuwa 45. Ana samun ƙaho mai ƙaho har zuwa 18 cm tsayi a cikin maza da mata. Launin gashi mai launin shuɗi-baki, wani lokacin launin toka-toshi, kawai makogwaro, gindi da kuma ƙarshen wutsiyar sun kasance haske gaba ɗaya.
Ina yake zama
A baya can, an dauki wannan kalmar ta Amur a matsayin reshen ikon Himalayan (Naemorhedus goral), ba da dadewa ba aka ware shi cikin tsari mai zaman kansa. A Rasha, iyakar arewa na kewayon dutsen Amur wuce. Yana faruwa a cikin Khabarovsk da Primorsky Territories, suna zaune a cikin Sikhote Alin, inda yawancin jama'a suka mayar da hankali a kan rairayin bakin teku daga Cape Ostrovnoy zuwa Cape Belkin. Ana samun tsaunin Amur a tsaunin 500 zuwa 2000 m sama da matakin teku, wani lokacin ma yafi girma. A waje da Rasha, an rubuta duwatsun a arewa maso gabashin China, Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu. Abubuwan da aka fi so a cikin dabbobi shine itacen oak, tsayayye da cakuda daji. A cikin tsaunika, dutsen Amur yana manne da dwar itacen al'ul.
Rayuwa
Amur Goral wata dabba ce mai zaman kanta da ta fi son zama a cikin ƙananan garken da aka ƙidaya daga raga 4 zuwa 12. A kai, a matsayinka na mai mulki, dattijan shugaba ne mai gogewa. Dabbobin sun fi yin alfijir ko wayewar gari. Tsaunin Amur ya isa lokacin balaga yana dan shekara biyu zuwa uku. Lokacin damuna yana sauka a kan lokacin sanyi na shekara - farkon hunturu. Matar na tsammanin jaririn ya bayyana har na tsawon watanni shida, a ƙarshen bazara yawan garken ya cika da sabon mambobi. Watan farko na rayuwarsu, yara sun fi so su ciyar a wuraren da aka tsare lafiya, idan ya cancanta, za su iya zuwa tafiya tare da garkensu. Matar tana ciyar da ɗan kwalin na kimanin watanni bakwai zuwa takwas.
Goral yana ciyar da abinci na tsire-tsire: ganyen bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi, sabo, ciyawa mai laushi, ƙanƙan lasisi, namomin kaza, kwayoyi, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa lokaci-lokaci Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar wani nau'in shekaru 15 ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa
Sunan Latin wanda aka samo shi da goor naemorhedus an samo shi ne daga kalmomin nemus - "ɗan kurmi", "gandun daji" da haedus - "yaro", wanda ke nuna mazaunin gandun daji na waɗannan barnacle. Amma ainihin suna "goral" ya zo mana daga yaren Indiya.
A cikin Littafin Red of Russia
Wannan shi ne ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan dabbobi masu rauni waɗanda ba tare da matakan kariya na musamman na iya ɓacewa daga cikin daji nan gaba ba.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, adadin tsaunukan Amur a Rasha ya kasance dabbobi 750. A halin yanzu, kimanin samfurori 900 suna zaune a cikin ƙasa ta Primorsky, kusan 90% daga cikinsu suna cikin rami da ajiyar yanayi. An kiyaye tsarin amur a cikin Sikhote-Alin, Lazovsky reserve, a cikin reshen Zheleznyavsky, da ma a wasu wuraren kare muhalli. An hada nau'in a cikin Jerin Gaggawa na Duniya, amma ba a kafa ainihin adadin yawan mutanen duniya ba.
Babban matsalar tsaunukan Amur shine rashin iyawarsu da sauri don daidaita yanayin muhalli. Lokacin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi da lokacin zafi, bushewar bazara na iya zama haɗari ga dabbobi. Wani gwaji mai wuya mai banƙyama shine murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Yana matukar wahalar da neman abinci kuma ya saɓa tare da motsi na gorillas na yau da kullun. Wani barazanar da jama'a ke fuskanta shine epizootic. Daga bangaren mutum, babban abin da ke iyakantawa shi ne farautar mata.
Tsarin jikin dutsen Amur
Dabbobin matsakaici na matsakaici, tsawon tsayin jiki daga 100 zuwa 130 cm, tsawo a ƙasan 70-90 cm. Babban tsawon kwanyar daga 172 zuwa 214 mm. Nauyin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 48.
A ginin ne m, da ɗan tunatar da awaki. Ciki mai girma da aka rufe da gashi mai cike da kunya yana sharar gajerun kafafu. Bayanin baya na madaidaiciya ne ko mai jujjuya, wani lokacin ana gudanar da sacrum a ƙasa da ƙashin ƙugu. Shugaban ba shi da nauyi, yana zazzage mazugi mai siffa a gaban idanunsa, amma ya yi ƙyalli a ƙarshen. Madubin hanci (takamaiman tabo a ƙarshen maƙarƙashiya) yana da kyau a bunƙasa fiye da na awaki da raguna, yana mamaye mafi yawan sararin samaniya tsakanin ƙoshin hanci, ya kai ƙarshen gefan ƙarshen ƙarshen, sannan kuma yana shimfidawa a cikin hanyar kunkuntar madaidaiciya a tsakiyar lebe na sama. Lebe na sama, ban da maɗaurin faren mediya, an rufe shi da gashi. Idanun suna kanana, dan kadan ya koma gefe, iris duhu ne mai ruwan kasa. Kunnuwa suna da tsawo, 12-14 cm, aƙalla rabin tsinkayen kai.
Duk maza da mata suna da kaho. Abubuwansu suna zaune kai tsaye bayan kwandon ido, siffar yana mai juye da baya. Yankin giciye yana da zagaye, tare da bayar da kara mai kyau a sansanonin da ke tsakanin cm 8-11, a saman fika. Nisa tsakanin sansanoninsu ba ya wuce cm 1.5.5. Tsawon kaho a cikin maza daga 16 zuwa 19-20 cm, a cikin mata sun zama ya fi gajarta da bakin ciki. Launin launin duhu ne, kusan baki ne. Fushin ƙaho ya ƙunshi kashi biyu bisa uku na ginin ya ƙunshi ƙananan zobba waɗanda kusanci ne kusa da juna, saman ƙahon yana da laushi. Yawan zobba yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru, amma ba za su iya yin matsayin ainihin matakin tsufa ba.
Cikakkun gajere kuma, godiya ga dogayen gashi, da alama yayi kauri, an sa shi a kwance cikin kwanciyar hankali. Gashinan gajeru ne, musamman a kasa da carpal da taragora .. Tsawon kwiyyoyi a gefen gaba a kan cinyoyin ya kasance daga 33 zuwa 40 mm, a kan gwiwowin kafa biyu 2-5 mm kadan, tsayinsa daga gefen bayan kashin murfin yatsun a saman kafafunsa 47-58 mm, a kan bayan 42-52 mm. Hooarin hooves suna da yawa, kimanin 20-25 mm. Wutsiya tana da tsawo idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in subfamily, tsawonta ba tare da gashi ba shine 11-19 cm, tare da gashi har zuwa 46 cm, tare da rufe gashi daga sama da ƙasa.
Gidaje da rarraba tsaunukan Amur
A cikin asalin burbushin halittu, ba a san ragowar abin da ya danganta ta hanyar gogewar zamani ba sai kwanan nan. Yawancin nau'ikan yanayi, wani lokacin kuma abubuwan da Pleistocene ya samo asali daga China ba a kafa su ba. Dangane da bayanin da marubucin ya samu daga Gidan Tarihi na Amur Yankuna na Local Lore, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin rakodin tsoffin ƙauyuka, an sami ƙasusuwan dutsen a cikin tsaunukan yankin na Amur na sama - Khingano-Arkharinsky da Mazanovsky. Abin takaici, tsawon shekarun yadudduka ko ƙauyuka inda aka samo waɗannan binciken ba a gare ni ba ne.
A halin yanzu, kewayon dutsen Amur ya hada da yankin kudu maso gabas, Koriya, har ma da lardunan yamma, tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin Sin: Sichuan, Yunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, kazalika da Burma zuwa Arakan.
Biology da salon rayuwar tsaunin Amur
Ba a yin nazarin ilimin halittar Amur goral, saboda ƙarancin lambarta da mazaunin su da wuya a kai wurare. Ba za a iya haɗu da yaduwar wannan dabbar da wuri mai faɗi ba. A China, tsaunin yana zaune mafi tsayi. Stewanƙwarar da tsaunukan da ba za a iya samu ba, da an fi fifita su kuma da farko dutsen ya cika su. Da sanyin safiya da yamma ne suka gaji masu hawan dutsen suna barin dutsen don wani ɗan gajeren lokaci domin ciyar da kansu kan filayen ciyawa, kusa da matsugunansu.
Mafi dacewa ga rayuwar gorals shine wuraren da dutse ya kasance wanda ke riƙe da sunan gida "mara hankali", wanda ke nufin dutsen. Anan, a cikin waɗannan duwatsun duwatsu, ƙwallon ƙafa sun sami mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa. A cikin hunturu, a cikin duwatsun akwai wuraren da babu dusar ƙanƙara da rana tare da farkon lanceolate sedge. Akwai wurare amintattun wurare waɗanda ba a yarda da kyarkeci da wahalar kaiwa ga mafarauta. Yankunan dabbobi suna da kyau a nan, kuma manya suna tserewa daga neman abokan gaba.
Amur goral
Amur goral
Amur Goral, wakilin bovids, dabba ce mai wuya da ban sha'awa.
Aan ƙungiya kaɗan da ke cikin gungun Amur a cikin kudanci da tsakiyar Primorye sun rayu a Tarayyar Rasha. Amur goral wanda ke zaune a wurare masu dutsen na tsaunukan Sikhote-Alin kuma dabba ce da ta farauta a kudu maso gabashin gabas. Magungunan kasar Sin sun yi amfani da sassan jikinsa a zahiri - daga ƙaho, da kuzari zuwa jini da nama. Saboda haka, ambaliyar Amur ta gamu da tsananta, tsananin kamun kifi ya haifar da mummunan bala'i a cikin kewayon sa, kuma dabbar da kanta tana gab da hallakarwa. Haramtacciyar dokar hana kamun kifin ga dutsen Amur da kuma kungiyar reshensu sun hana ta warwatse sosai.
Yanzu Amur goral yana zaune a bakin Tekun Japan tsakanin ranakun Terney da Taviz, ana kiyaye wasu rukunin kungiyoyin wannan dabbobin a kudu na Primorye - a cikin gundumar Lazovsky .. Yawancin zamani suna cikin yanki na Sudzukhinsky da Sikhote-Alinsky reshen jihar. Jimlar adadin tsaunukan Amur da ke Gabas bai wuce dabbobi 300 ba.
A waje, Amur goral yana kama da ƙaramin ɗan akuya da ke da gajerun ƙafafu. Wannan dabba ce mai dauke da kirji mai kauri, kasusuwa masu kauri da kuma wutsiya mai tsayi, wutsiya mai nauyi. Launi yana da matukar canji, kama daga walƙiya mai haske, kusan fari, zuwa launin toka mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa. A makogwaron akwai fari fari, a cikin maza suna gangarawa kirji. Wani bel mai duhu yana shimfiɗa tare da dutsen. Matasa yawanci ana fentin duhu. Wani dattijo namiji ya kai tsawon santimita 161 kuma yana nauyin kilogram 30. Kamar sauran wakilan tsaunin dutse, Amur goral yana da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke tabbatar da wanzuwar aminci tsakanin tsaunuka, sarakuna da kankara.Ta matse matattakala matattakala da murkushe bango mai kaifi mai kaifi: yana ba dabba da tabbataccen tallafi akan santsi, wani lokacin ma ƙanƙanin dutse.
Yanzu gungun Amur galibi suna mamaye tsaunin bakin tekun da ke fuskantar teku. A cikin ƙananan na uku, waɗannan ɓarnain dutse ne da aka yanke ta hanyar kwari. Tsawon tsaunukan bakin teku ba yawanci ba ya wuce mita 600 sama da matakin teku.
Abincin tsaunin Amur ya bambanta. Abincinta ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan 60 na ciki, shrubby da tsire-tsire na ganye - itacen oak, Birch, Linden, elderberry, inabi, daji, zobo, vetch, Clover-mariannik, buzulnik, angelica, geranium, mytnik, albasa, karrarawa da sauransu da yawa Aan shekarun da suka gabata, lokacin da adadin dutsen Amur ya yi yawa, a cikin duwatsun akwai garken tumaki da yawansu ya kai 20-25. Yanzu babu manyan dabbobin. Yawanci, ana gudanar da tsaunuka a cikin ƙananan gungun dangi wanda ya ƙunshi mace mai girma da namiji da mace ɗaya ko biyu. Wani lokaci zaku iya haduwa da garken mutane 7-8, a biyun kuma ya kunshi kungiyoyin iyali biyu. A ƙarshen bazara, waɗannan garkunan sun barke, kamar yadda mata masu juna biyu ke barin matashin a bara kuma suka fara neman wuraren da ba za su kula da tumakin ba.
A ƙarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni, bayan watanni 8-8.5 na ciki, macen ta haifi ɗa guda ɗaya, ƙasa da mara biyu. Lokacin da kusan shekara guda, matasa kusan ba su bambanta da manya ba kuma sun fara yin rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Balaga, koyaya, yana faruwa a cikinsu, ga alama, daga baya, tunda manya ne kawai ke shiga aikin.
Halin halayyar Amur dutsen shi ne jinkirinsa. Dabbobi suna tafiya a hankali daga wuri zuwa wuri, galibi suna tsayawa kuma suna saurara. A lokaci guda, saurin da dabbobi masu rikitarwa ke barin abin mamaki ne. Suna iya sauƙi, ba tare da gudu ba, suna tsalle a kan manyan duwatsu da leda, suna tsalle zuwa mita biyu a tsayi kuma suna tsaye a kan karamin jigon dutsen tare da duka ƙafafu huɗu. Asa duwatsun Amur suna tafiya daga tsayin mitoci 8. A kan kwance, za su iya yin tsalle-tsalle masu yawa na mita 5-5.3 a jere ba tare da gudu ba. Ta hanyar mataki ko trot, musamman a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, Amur goral yana motsawa ba makawa kuma yana iya zama mai sauƙi ga masu farauta. Da yake ya firgita, ya yi sauri ya ceci dutse, inda ya zama ba ya fuskantar wa mai farauta.Da abokan makiya Amur goral za ku iya ba da suna wolf, damisa da lynx. Koyaya, adadin nau'ikan biyu na ƙarshe sun kasance kaɗan, yayin da karuwar adadin karnuka a Primorye a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yana haifar da damuwa sosai.
A wani lokaci, akwai ra'ayin cewa dutsen Amur ɗan adam ne, ba mai iya ganin sa ba. Wannan ya bayyana saurin rage girman kewarta. Koyaya, aikin da aka gudanar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta G. F. Bromley, K. G. Abramov. O. V. Bendland, kuma lurawarmu ta tabbatar da hujja cewa tare da kariya mai kyau da kuma yaƙar dabarun yaƙi da kyarkeci dutsen bai mutu ba, bugu da ƙari, lambar sa ta fara ƙaruwa.
Amur goral abinci
Abincin tsaunin Amur ya bambanta. Daga farkon bazara zuwa Mayu, gandun daji ya zama tushen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda, a cewar K. G. Abramov, lanceolate sedge shine mafi girman mahimmanci. A lokacin rani, ƙabilar ta ci fesar, itace, bison, pleikrantus, vetch da wasu ganyaye, da kuma itacen tsintsiya, itacen katako, ganyayyaki da tumatir na tsirrai: uran itacen inabi, itacen oak, linden, Manchurian ash da sauransu. A cikin kaka, suna ciyar da itacen oho, ganyayyaki da suka fadi, ciyawa bushe. Ciyawar ciyawa, tare da ciyar da itace da-twig, ya zama tushen abincin abinci na hunturu. Daga cikin sauran ciyarwar, ana kiran goral ana kiran itacen lasis da algae.
Saboda yanayin abinci na zamani, ana lura da ƙaura daga kayan abinci. A farkon lokacin bazara, sun tashi mafi girma a kan gangara mai rarrafe, inda ciyayin ya bayyana da wuri. A cikin kaka, lokacin da ciyayi suka mutu a cikin tsauni, dabbobin za su fita su yi kiwo a kan rafin gabar teku, inda abincin kore ya daɗe.
Kiwo na tsaunin Amur
Kusan babu abin da aka sani game da kiwo na Amur goral. Maza da mata kan zauna a cikin nau'i-nau'i a watan Satumba. Wataƙila a wannan lokacin akwai kara. A cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, mata suna kawo sau da yawa fiye da ɗaya, ƙasa da sau biyu ana haɗiye su a ƙarshen Mayu ko kuma a farkon rabin Yuni. Don calving, an zaɓi wuraren mafi yawan wurare a cikin kankara. Ba a san tsammanin rayuwa a cikin daji ba. A cikin Lambun Zoological na London, ɗan goral ya rayu shekaru 17, watanni 7 da kwana 23.
Dubawa - Amur Goral
Tunani:
1. I.I. Sokolov "Fauna na USSR, Ungulates" Gidan Buga na Kwalejin Kimiyya, Moscow, 1959.
Ma'anar
- Gorals ba su da banbanci da na gida awaki kamar. Jikin yana shimfiɗa har zuwa cm 100 a tsayi.Don mai nauyin ya bambanta tsakanin kilogiram 35 da 40. A cikin mutane na wannan gungun jama'a, crackling da m Jawo, yana da elongated, a lokacin rani ya zama da wuya. Don launi, duwatsun na iya zama fari, launin ruwan kasa-ja da shuɗi.
- Ana ganin halayyar sanannen ƙabila ce mai kauri da girma, wacce ke rufe da gashi mai tsawo, alal misali, da sauran sassan jiki. Dangane da fasalin fasali, idanu suna karami: wadanda ba su iya karatu ba sun yi yawa, ana bi da su ta fuskoki daban-daban. Kunnuwa suna da girma a gaban 13 cm.
- Yanka a cikin tsari na baka, ana saka su cikin launin duhu ko launin baƙar fata. Sashin na sama yana kaifi, yana zama kama da mazugi. Hannun ƙananan sun kasance kaɗan, yana ba ku izinin yin motsi a cikin duwatsu da sauran sararin da ba a iya kwance ba. Dabbobi suna jin ƙyallen ƙarfi, saboda haka suna da kyau daga ƙafafunsu kuma kusan ba su faɗi jahilci ba.
- Game da rarrabawa, waɗannan mutane suna son tsaunin dutse (wuri). Ana samun su a China, Russia, Korea da Burma. A baya can, an watsa babban yanki na jama'a kusa da Khabarovsk da Terimorsky Territory. A wannan lokacin akwai tsaunuka kaɗan.
Siffofi da mazaunin tsaunin
Dabba da ke dauke da sunan girman kai "goral", Yayi kama da na akuya wacce kowa ya gani kuma ya sani. Koyaya, idan ka lura da kyau, bambance-bambancen suna bayyane.
Maimakon haka, nau'i ne na giciye tsakanin turke da akuya. Idan kayi la'akari goral a cikin hoto, zaka iya ganin cewa kaho da wutsiyarsa sun sha bamban.
Jikin wannan artiodactyl ya kai 118 cm, kuma tsayinsa ya girma zuwa 75 cm a ƙ theƙasasshe. Yana iya nauyin daga 32 zuwa 42 kg. Goral suna da launin ruwan kasa, launin toka ko ja. A ƙarƙashin makogwaron kyawawan maza akwai “malam buɗe ido” na farin ulu, gindin wutsiya kuma tana da launi mai haske.
Wutsiyar da kanta tayi girma har zuwa 18 cm kuma an yi masa ado da gashi mai tsayi, kamar gashi.Duka mace da namiji suna alfahari da fikafikan buhu a cikin tsiri. Kakaki 13 zuwa 18 cm tsayi.
Zai yi wuya a kira waɗannan dabbobin da ke bakin ciki, amma, jikinsu mai yawa ba ya hana su motsawa cikin sauri da sauri. Haka kuma, suna iya hawa cikin sauki inda mutum kawai zai iya rarrafe.
Duk wani tudu yana kan ka'ida, wani lokacin hanyoyin wadannan dabbobin suna wucewa da irin wannan tsaunuka masu santsi, inda da alama babu wani wuri da za'a sanya kafa, amma wannan “mai hawa dutse” yana amfani da karamin karfi, karamin tsalle don hawa saman.
A kan duwatsun, dabbobin suna motsawa suna jingina da bango na dutse, wanda ya hau kusan a tsaye. Daga wannan sau da yawa bangarorin dutsen sun goge.
Amma a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi wannan dodon yana jin rashin tsaro ko da a farfajiya. Anan yana da rauni kuma yana da rauni sosai - kowane kare zai iya kama shi a sauƙaƙe. Goral zaune a cikin Rasha, sun zauna a Burma, a kan Koriya ta Koriya, a China.
Yana da daɗi sosai a gare shi a cikin yankuna kusa da bakin Kogin Amur, a kan Kogin Bureya. Da sauri ya kware kuma ya zauna a yankin Sikhote –Ainsinsky reserve nature.
Iri Mountain
Goral na dabbobi yana da nau'ikan 4 ne kawai:
Goala Himalayan. Goral Himalayan wata babbar halitta ce da take da yawa, tsayinta a ƙasan witiri ya kai 70 cm a wasu mutane.Wannan dabbar da take da ƙaƙƙarfan kafafu, wadda aka lullube da gashin kanta, tana da wadatar ƙasa mai zurfi. A gefen baya, mazan ma suna da tsefe.
Himalayan, biyun, yana da rashi biyu - launin ruwan kasa da launin toka. Bakin ciki mai launin toka yana da launi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa kuma yana da launi a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa.
Goala Himalayan
Goyon Tibet. Da wuya sosai, nau'in haɗari. Wannan makogwaron ba shi da girma sosai, tsayinsa a cikin ƙirin matan ya kai 60 cm ne kawai, kuma nauyin bai wuce kilo 30 ba. Dole ne in faɗi cewa a cikin wannan nau'in, mata sun fi maza girma. Maza ba su da tsawan wuta, amma ƙahoninsu sun fi ƙaruwa.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da kayan launi masu kyau - an rufe su da gashi mai launin ruwan kasa-ja, baya yana da duhu a launi, amma ciki, kirji da makogwaron sun fi sauƙi. Matasa matasa, ban da haka, kuma an yi musu ado da farin tabo a goshinsu. Gaskiya ne, a tsawon lokaci, irin wannan "kyakkyawa" ya ɓace.
Goyon Tibet
Goral ta Gabas. Mafi yawancin jinsuna suna kama da akuya. Yana da jiki sosai, gashinsa ya yi launin toka, kuma tare da kashin akwai canjin launin duhu. Gashi yana da wuta a makogwaron. Wannan nau'in yana da ban sha'awa ga ƙahoninsa - sun gajarta kuma sun ja da baya.
A cikin hoto, makogwaron gabas
Amur goral da aka jera a cikin Littafin Rubutu. Tsawon tsinkaye ya kai 80 cm, nauyin kuma ya kusan kilo 50. Yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. An fentin shi sosai coquettishly - akwai fararen tabo a kirji, lebe kuma “a ƙasa” cikin fararen fata, a gindin wutsiya akwai fararen launi har ma akwai fararen "safa".
A cikin hoto, Amur Goral
Yanayi da yanayin dutsen
Rayuwar dabbobi ta dabbobi daban daban. Goala na Himalayan suna tarawa cikin garkunan dabbobi, wanda zai iya haɗawa da mutane kusan 12. Haka kuma, kowace dabba daga garken tana da alaƙa da juna. Gaskiya ne, idan namiji ya balaga, ya fi son ya kasance shi kaɗai.
Ba ya son ƙaunar rana mai zafin rana, abin da yake yi yana faruwa da sanyin safiya ko da yamma. Kodayake, idan ranar tana da gajimare ko daskararru, tsaunin ma bai ci gaba da zama ba.
Amma a cikin lokaci na rana ba wuya ya motsa. Ya zaɓi wuri mai dadi don shakatawa, ya ta'allaka ne kuma, a zahiri, ya haɗu da ciyayi masu kewaye. Ganin yana da matukar wahala. Ralsan wasan Tibet sun fi son kasancewa shi kaɗai. Hakanan suna iya tarawa a cikin rukuni, amma lambobin su kaɗan.
Waɗannan dabbobin matafiya ne. Ba za su iya kasancewa a wuri guda koyaushe ba. Kowane lokaci suna canza matsayin su. A lokacin rani, waɗannan dabbobin suna yaudarar da ciyawa kore, waɗanda suke a cikin manyan bangarorin, kuma tare da farkon hunturu, suna sauka ƙasa da layin dusar ƙanƙara.
Gabas ta Gabas sune masu hawan gaske. A mafi ƙarancin haɗari, suna da saukin hawa da hawa irin waɗannan duwatsu, inda kawai dabbobi ba za a iya isa gare su ba. Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi (maƙasudin 4-6), tsofaffi suna barin kuma suna zama dabam.
A lokacin rani, mata tare da awaki yara suna zaune daban. Tsaunin Amur shima galibi yana zama shi kaɗai, kodayake akwai ƙananan rukunoni. Lokacin da hatsarin ya shiga cikin kwari, to yana jin kariya.
Fi son salon suttura. Waɗannan dabbobin ba za su iya kiyaye haƙoran hakora ba, kuma ƙaho ba su da tsawo. Suna kare kansu daga abokan fada da babbar murya, amma idan wannan bai taimaka ba, sai a dauke su a cikin manyan tsalle-tsalle cikin dutsen.
Hakanan ba a daidaita su don tafiya na dogon lokaci - ba su da dogon kafafu, kuma jikinsu ba su da haske. Amma suna iya tsalle zuwa tsawon mita 3. A hankali suna cikin saurin dusar ƙanƙara, saboda haka dusar ƙanƙara mai danshi, idan fafinta ya fi cm 25, sai su guji.
A cikin kabilunsu ba sa nuna zalunci. Akasin haka, waɗannan dabbobin suna gargadin juna koyaushe game da haɗarin (emit a hiss), mazan suna samun abinci suna kiran sauran membobin ƙungiyar don cin abincin rana.
Sau da yawa, gungun mutane guda ɗaya sun haɗu da wata ƙungiya, amma babu wani bayani game da dangantakar da ke faruwa. Gaskiya ne, a lokacin fitowar maza, maza suna shirya faɗa, amma wannan ƙarin al'ada ce fiye da sha'awar murkushe abokin hamayya.
Iyakan abubuwan
Samun ishara ga gorals yana da matukar girman gaske, amma tashiwar dabbobin da ke tsakanin shekaru 0,5 - 1.5 ya kai kimanin kashi 36%. Babban mahimmancin dalilin raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin wuta shine lalata mutane da kuma canjin mazauninsu. Babban maƙiyan halitta na Goral sune kyarkeci (halaka daga 3 zuwa 18%), lynxes da damisa. Harz da gaggafa sun kama yara.
Matsayin Kariya
Cikakken bayanai masu yawa ba su da yawa. A cikin 1977, kimanin go-70050 sun zauna a Gabashin Gabas na USSR, wanda kashi 90% na cikin wuraren ajiya da wuraren tsafin (Lazovsky da Sikhote-Alinsky).
Wani nau'in kare da ba shi da kariya, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Duniya ta Red a matsayin wani nau'in hadari da ke cikin rukunin I. A Rasha, an gabatar da dokar hana farauta da kuma harkar fataucin mutane a shekarar 1924.
Habitat
A yanzu, Gorel yana zaune a cikin yankin na Primorsky Territory. Amma, babu bayyananniyar fassara - an haɗa su cikin dozin da yawa kuma suna iya canza yankin lokaci-lokaci idan abincin ya ƙare a wurin. Bugu da kari, dalilin irin wannan bazuwar shine gaskiyar cewa dutsen yana zabar yanki ne mai tsaunuka, kuma, hakika, ya yi nisa daga ko'ina.
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Rage adadin dabbobi a Rasha ya samo asali ne sakamakon farautar dabbobi da kuma rage yankuna da suka dace da zama a tsaunuka. A halin yanzu, wannan tushen bunsurun dutsen yana zaune ne a Japan da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
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Bayyanar
Amur Goral yana da kamanni a girma da sifa ga akuya. Mayafin yana da duhu a launi, amma kusa da makogwaron ya zama wuta, wasu mutane wani lokacin ma suna da ƙaramin farar fata. A baya, kawai tare da kashin baya, gashi yakan zama duhu sosai, har wata baƙar fata a bayyane take.
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Jikin dutsen ya kasance mai ƙura, ƙaramin ƙasa zuwa duniya. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya bashi damar hawa dutsen kololuwa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake yawan kwatanta shi da akuya mai dutse.
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Duk mace da namiji suna da gajere, mai dantsannin baya mai kaho. A gindin da suke kusan baki ne, amma kusa da saman su zama kamar wuta. Tsawon Kakakin yakai santimita 30. Tsawon jikin mutum kusan mita ne, amma kuma adadin mace da ta maza ya bambanta tsakanin kilo 32-40.
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Ba kamar sauran dabbobi na wannan nau'in ba, Amur goral yana da ɗan ƙarami, amma a lokaci guda ƙaƙƙarfan hooves, wanda ke ba shi damar jin duk ƙyallen da ke saman, wanda ke tabbatar da motsi mai sauri da aminci a cikin tsaunuka, koda kuwa zuriya ce ta ƙage.
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Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Gasar yana faruwa a watan Satumba - Nuwamba. A wannan lokacin, duwãtsu riƙe biyu. A watan Mayu-Yuni, ana haihuwar yara. Oneaya ne kawai ɗan da mahaifiyarsa ta haife shi, mahaifiyarta ke da wuya biyu.
Mace ta shirya sosai domin haihuwa. Ta zabi wurin da ke kusa da makiyaya mai kyau, kusa da rami na ruwa, kuma ba a sami damar kaiwa ga wasu dabbobi - a cikin kogo ko cikin dutse.
Bayan an haife jariran, mahaifiyar ba ta barin wurin kwana ba, amma a rana ta biyu, yaran za su iya bin uwa da sauri, kuma mace ta bar matsayinta tare da yaran.
Goatsanan awaki suna da hankali suna tsalle a kan duwatsu a bayan mahaifiyarsu, suna kwaikwayon ƙungiyoyinta, suna san duniyar da ke kusa da su kuma suna ƙoƙarin neman abinci. Koyaya, duk wannan lokacin mace tana ciyar da jarirai da madara, kuma irin wannan ciyarwar zata ci gaba har faɗuwar.
Ko da yaro ya girma, har yanzu yana ƙoƙarin shayar da mahaifiyarsa - ya durƙusa ya yi rarrafe a ƙarƙashin mahaifiyarsa, amma mahaifiyar ba ta tsaya a kan bikin tare da matasa ba, kawai ta tsallake.
Goan ƙaramin yaro ya zauna kusa da uwayensu har lokacin bazara. Kuma sun kai ga balaga har shekara biyu kawai. Rayuwar alkama a cikin daji takaice. Maza suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5-6. Mata suna rayuwa tsawon rai - har zuwa shekaru 8-10. Amma a karkashin yanayin halittar mutum, rayuwar wadannan dabbobin ke ƙaruwa zuwa shekaru 18.
A cikin hoto, goral na jariri
Garkuwa da Goral
Wadannan dabbobin da basu da kariya da kwarjini suna da yawan makiya, kuma kariya tana da rauni sosai. A cikin dabi'a, ana ɗaukar su mai sauƙi ganima ga makarantun karnuka, don gaggafa, damisa, lynx.
Amma mafi munin abin shine mutum. Ba wai kawai wannan ba, saboda ci gaba da haɓaka ƙasa da ƙasa, yankin mazaunin gorals yana raguwa koyaushe, don haka har yanzu mutane suna farautar wannan dabbar.
Sinawa da Tibet sun dauki kayan adon da aka yi daga dukkan gawa na tsauni don a warkar da su, mutanen Udege sun yi amfani da jini da kaho, kuma sauran kabilu kawai suna kashe wadannan awakin ne saboda kyawawan nama da ulu mai danshi.
Sakamakon haka, duk nau'in goral an jera su a cikin Littafin Lissafi, an san lambobin su kuma suna ƙarƙashin kariya. Ana kirkirar ajiyar ɗabi'a, a cikin abin da kashi ɗaya cikin uku na yawan dabbobi ke zaune. An fara aiki kan gyaran matukan jirgi (Lazovsky Reserve).