Tsarin Gazelle na yashi ya ƙunshi rashi biyu: G. I. marica da G. I. leptoceros, duka biyun suna cikin littafin Red.

Wadannan 'yan tagwaye suna da yawa a arewacin Sahara, ana samunsu a Masar, Algeria, Sudan, tsaunukan Chadi da Larabawa.

Sandy gazelle (Gazella leptoceros).

Bayyanar yashi

Gazelle yashi na da matsakaiciyar matsakaici: a ƙusar da take yi ya kai santimita 70, kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin kilo 30.

Wani fasali mai santsi na gawar yashi babban launi ne mai yashi-mai launin shuɗi tare da alamomin mara nauyi. Theahonan suna madaidaiciya da bakin ciki. Wutsiya tayi duhu fiye da sauran jikin, gashinta baki ne. Hanyoyin sun kasance kunkuntar da tsawo, siffar su tana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe tsarin motsi a kan yashi.

Sand gazelle salon

Sand gazelle dabba ce da gaske aka bari, tana jin da yawa a cikin yashi da dunes. Sandy gazelle na zaune cikin yanayi wanda dabbobi da yawa ba za su iya rayuwa ba.

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa na yashi yashi babban abin rufe fuska ne, baƙar fata akan wutsiya da kuma shimfidar wuri don hana nutsuwa cikin yashi.

A cikin matsanancin fari, gemun yashi yakan bar duniyan don neman abinci.

Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin wuraren da mutane ba sa iya su, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a bincika sifofin wakilan jinsin kamar yadda ya kamata, bayani game da waɗannan gaelles yana da matuƙar izini.

Sand gazelle raguwa

Istsan masanan ƙasa kaɗan ne suka sami damar ganin wannan gizagizan a cikin daji, amma a baya suna da yawa kuma ana ɗaukar su talakawa mazauna yankin Sahara. Tunda dunes suna kankara, kuma akan yashi zaku iya kusanci da dabba a hankali, mai kuzarin ya sami sauki. Larabawa suna farautar mahaukata ta hanya ta musamman, suna kama jaririn, kuma yayin da mahaifiyar ta gudu zuwa kukanta, sai su kashe mace. Ta haka ne aka kashe yawancin dabbobi. A yau, gaɓar yashi sun ɓace a yawancin yankuna na arewacin Sahara.

Sand gazelle galibi yana zaune a cikin kwari, amma wani lokacin yakan shiga cikin tsaunuka.

A cikin 1897, Whitaker, wanda ya rubuta game da Tunisiya, ya lura cewa Larabawa a cikin adadi masu yawa suna lalata gwanayen yashi, a kowace shekara vafawa kan kawo zobe fiye da 500 daga Gabes, Faransawa kuma da yardar ransu.

A yau, daurin yashi da yawa sun tsira a gabar larabawa, amma mafarautan mota suna lalata wadannan mutanen. Tunda babu takamaiman bayani game da rayuwar gemun yashi, yana da wahala a tantance yawansu. Amma a bayyane ya ke yadda ake yanka wadannan dabbobin ba tausayi a shekarun da suka gabata. A bayyane yake cewa adadin gilashin yashi ya faɗi ƙasa, amma wataƙila yanayin bai zama mai mahimmanci ba tukuna.

Ba a kiyaye adon yashi a ko'ina cikin mazauninsa. Bugu da kari, wadannan dabbobin basu cikin ajiyar kaya kuma basa rayuwa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na kasa. Irin wannan yanayin baƙin ciki ya shafi wasu nau'in hamada.

An kiyasta adadin nau'in wannan nau'in a cikin ƙasa da manya 2500, saboda haka ana ganin ƙurar sandar a matsayin "a hadarin".

Waɗannan dabbobin sun sami damar daidaitawa da mummunan yanayin hamada wanda yawancin halittu masu rai ba za su iya rayuwa ba, amma ba a basu damar su rayu ba.

Babban kuskure kuma babu makawa zai faru idan mutane suka bada izinin mutuwar nau'in. Idan muka kusanci matsalar adana ire-iren yadda yakamata, to yalwar yashi na iya zama tushen abincin furotin a wuraren da dabbobi basa iya rayuwa.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Antelope - bayanin, halaye, tsari, hoto

Duk da cewa nau'ikan antelopes daban-daban na asalin halittu da ƙananan hukumomin, dukansu suna da wasu fasali. Wasu dabbobin suna da jiki mai laushi, wasu sun fi girma kuma sun fi yawa, amma duk tururuwa suna da kafafu masu santsi.

Matsakaicin girma na yawancin nau'in antelopes shine kusan cm 100 tare da nauyin jikin mutum kimanin kilogram 150.

Babbar tururuwa, Canna vulgaris (Taurotragus oryx), yana da tsayi da 1.6 m, tsawon jikin mutum kusan 3 m, kuma nauyin mutum samfurori ya kai 1 tan. Tsayi a cikin ƙ ofƙasassu na dwarf tururuwa (Neotragus pygmaeus) shine kawai 25-30 cm, kuma nauyin dwarf antelope ya bambanta tsakanin 1.5 da 3.6 kg.

Canna gama gari. Hoto daga: Pkuczynski

Dwarf Antelope. Hoto daga: Klaus Rudloff

An rufe jikin antelopes da gajere, mai kaurin gashi, launin da ya mamaye launuka mai haske daga launin ruwan hoda-mai launin toka da ƙwaya-mai-baki.

Wasu nau'in artiodactyls suna canza launin a cikin yashi da launin toka, a cikin wasu kwarangwal masu launin babban launi mai launi sun bambanta da farin ciki na ciki.

Maza yawan tururuwa suna yin gajeren wando da ke gudana tare da kashin baya da kuma gemu mai kauri. Taayan wutsiyoyin antelopes suna ƙare cikin haɗakar gashi - goga.

Yawancin nau'in mazaunin dabbobi, kamar barewa, suna da glandar lacrimal na preorbital, asirin wanda maza ke alamar yankinsu.

Dukkanin tsoffin bishiyoyi sunada ado da kafofi wadanda suka bunkasa dukkan rayuwarsu, sun bambanta su ta fuskoki daban-daban da girma, amma basu taba reshe ba, misali, a cikin barewa. Kakakin suna wakilci ta hanyar nau'i biyu, banda maɗigon ƙaho huɗu (yana da ƙaho guda biyu).

A cikin wasu nau'in antelopes, maza ne kawai ke sanya kaho, yayin da a wasu nau'ikan balaguro, kawunan kawunan dukkan maza da mata suna yin ado. Tsawon kahon ƙaho yakan bambanta daga 2 cm zuwa mita 1.5, kuma siffar su na iya bambanta sosai: a cikin wasu nau'ikan ƙaho suna jujjuya baya a cikin dogon saber, a cikin wasu ƙaho kuma nau'in saniya ne ko kuma aka goge su daga zobba masu yawa.

Kaho mai kamannin tsuntsu mai kamannin namiji ya kai 92 cm tsayi. Hoto daga Muhammad Mahdi Karim

A wani babban kicin, zoben da ya murguda mai zaren an sa shi a kai, yana kai mita 1 a tsayi. Hoto daga: Hans Hillewaert

Kaho mai kaifi na tururuwa Oryx na iya yin girma zuwa mita 1.5 a tsayi. Hoto daga: Yathin S Krishnappa

A cikin tsaunuka huɗu na kwari, ƙaho suna girma ne kawai a cikin maza. Pairayoyin na baya sun kai tsawon 10 cm, gaban - cm 4 Wasu lokuta wasu fuskoki na gaba basa ganin kwatankwacinsu.

Dabarar dabba dabba ce mai kunya kuma ta shahara saboda saurin amsawa ga haɗari.

Godiya ga dogayen kafafu, tururuwa suna gudana yadda yakamata kuma suna daga cikin dabbobi 10 da suka fi sauri a duniyarmu: saurin wildebeest ya kai kilomita 55-80 / h, kuma warin dutsen Amurkan na hanzarta zuwa kilomita 88.5 / h idan ya zama dole kuma shine na biyu kawai ga cheetah a cikin gudu.

Pronghorn ita ce dabba ta biyu mafi sauri a duniya bayan almara.

Abokiyar gaba

Antelopes suna da makiya da yawa: a cikin yanayi, manyan mafarauta suna hallaka su - damisa, zakuna, damisa, tsuntsaye. Babban lalacewar alumma yana faruwa ne ta hanyar mutum, saboda ana ganin abincin tururuwa mai daɗi ne sosai kuma yana da daɗi a tsakanin mutane da yawa.

Matsakaicin rayuwar antelope a cikin yanayi shine shekaru 12 zuwa 20.

A ina ne tururuwa suke zaune?

Mafi yawa daga cikin antelopes zaune a Afirka ta Kudu, wani adadin jinsuna ana samun a Asiya. Speciesabi'a 2 ne kawai ke rayuwa a Turai: chamois da saiga (saiga). Yawancin jinsuna suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka, irin su pronghorn.

Wasu tururuwa suna zaune a cikin tsarurruka da savannas, wasu sun gwammace ƙarancin ƙasa da gandun daji, wasu suna ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a tsaunuka.

Menene tururuwa take ci a cikin halitta?

Antelope ganye ne mai haɓaka, cikinsa yana da dakuna 4, wanda ke ba da damar narke abinci mai tsire-tsire a cikin cellulose. Antelopes kuje waje da sassafe ko a safiya, lokacin da zafi ya yi ƙasa, kuma cikin neman abinci suna cikin motsi koyaushe.

Abincin yawancin tururuwa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ganye daban-daban, ganyen bishiyoyi masu fure da furanni bishiyoyi. Wasu tururuwa suna cin algae, fruitsa fruitsan itaciya, fruitsa ,an itaciya, kayan marmari, tsirrai, furanni, da lasis. Wasu nau'ikan ba su da ma'ana a cikin abinci, wasu kuma suna zaɓaɓɓu kuma suna cinye nau'ikan ganye iri daban-daban, sabili da haka lokaci-lokaci suna ƙaura don neman asalin tushen abinci.

Antelopes suna jin ruwan sama mai gabatowa kuma suna yanke hukuncin daidai motsi na motsi na ciyawar sabo.

A cikin yanayin zafi na Afirka, yawancin jinsunan tururuwa suna iya tafiya ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba, suna cin ciyawa cike da danshi.

Iri antelopes, hotuna da sunaye

Rashin rarrabewar gado ba tabbatacce ba kuma a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi manyan ƙananan yankuna 7, waɗanda suka haɗa nau'ikan da yawa masu ban sha'awa:

• Wildebeest ko madallace(Masu ba da izini)

Anan asalin Afirka, asalin halittar dabbobi ne na dabbobi masu aiki na kwayar halittar ƙasa ta Bubal, gami da nau'ikan 2: baƙar fata da shuɗi wildebeest.

• • Black wildebeestshi fararen fata-wildebeest ko madallace(Mayzakarwar gnou)

ofaya daga cikin ƙananan nau'in halittar Afirka. Antelope yana zaune a Afirka ta Kudu. Haɓakar maza kusan 111-121 cm, kuma tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita 2 tare da nauyin jikinsa ya kai kilogiram 160 zuwa 270, kuma mace tayi ƙanƙanta a cikin girman maza. Tearna na biyun maza masu launin duhu ne ko baƙi, mace tana da sauƙi fiye da maza, kuma sautunan dabbobi a koyaushe fararen fata ne. The ƙaho na antelope na Afirka suna cikin yanayin saƙa, da farko fara ƙasa, daga gaba zuwa gaba. Tsawon ƙahon wasu kwarangwal na maza ya kai cm cm 78. Wani gemu mai baƙi mai kauri yana girma a fuskar wildebeest na baki, kuma fararen hulɗa da baƙar baƙi suna ƙawatar kuncin wuya.

• • Wildebeest mai launin shuɗi(Taurinus danshi)

kadan ya fi girma fiye da baki. Matsakaicin girman tururuwa shine 115-145 cm tare da nauyin 168 zuwa 274 kg. Wildebeests masu launin shuɗi suna da sunan saboda launi mai launin shuɗi-launin toka, kuma ratsin madaidaiciya mai duhu, kamar zebra, suna kan bangarorin dabbobi. Wutsiya da baka na antelopes baƙaƙen fata ne, ƙaho mai irin saniya, launin toka mai duhu ko baki. An bambanta launin ruwan wildebeest ta hanyar abinci mai zaɓi: tururuwa suna cin ganyayyaki na wasu nau'in, sabili da haka ana tilastawa yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ake ruwa sama sosai kuma abincin da ake buƙata ya girma. Muryar dabba babbar karama ce da hanci. Kimanin mutane miliyan daya da rabi na girgizar wildebeest suna zaune a cikin savannah na ƙasashen Afirka: Namibia, Mozambique, Botswana, Kenya da Tanzania, kashi 70% na thean Adam sun maida hankali ne a Gasar National Serengeti.

• Nyala ko a fili nyala(Tragelaphus angasii)

Tsarin tururuwa na Afirka daga kwari mai zurfi da tururuwar halittar gwanayen Halittu. Tsawon dabbobi kusan 110 cm ne, kuma tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 140 cm nauyin nauyin magidon manya ya tashi daga 55 zuwa 125 kg. Maza Nyala sun fi maza yawa. Abu ne mai sauqi don rarrabe maza daga mata: maza masu launin launin toka suna sanya kaho mai kauri tare da farin haske 60 zuwa 83 cm tsayi, suna da rawar wuya da ke gudana tare da bayan baya, da kuma gashin kai mai ratayewa daga gaban wuya zuwa makwancin gwaiwa. Matan Nyala suna da kaho kuma suna rarrabe su da launi mai ruwan hoda-brown. A cikin mutane biyun, har zuwa 18 madaidaicin madaidaicin launuka masu launin fari suna bayyane a bayyane. Babban tushen abinci ga tururuwa shine sabon ɗan ganye na youngan kananan bishiyoyi, ana amfani da ciyawa lokaci-lokaci. Gidajen al'ada na nyala sune shimfidar wurare masu dimbin yawa a yankuna na Zimbabwe da Mozambique. An kuma jawo dabbobi a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu.

• Ra'ayi mai dangantaka - tsaunin dutse(Tragelaphus buxtoni)

ya bambanta a cikin babban jikin mutum in an kwatanta da nyala. Tsawon jikin dutsen yana da 150-180 cm, tsayinsa a ƙ atƙasassun ya kusan mita 1, ƙahon maza ya kai mita 1 a tsayi. Yawan nauyin antelope ya bambanta tsakanin kilogiram 150 zuwa 300. Jinsi na rayuwa ne gaba daya a tsaunukan tsaunukan Habasha da Habasha da ke gabashin Afirka.

• Dawakin Dawakiita rowan doki antelope(Hippotragus equinus)

Karancin sabir na Afirika, ɗaya daga cikin wakilai mafi girma na dangi wanda ke da tsayi a kusan kusan mil 1.6 da nauyin jikinsa ya kai kilogiram 300. Tsawon jikin mutum shine cm 227-288. Ta hanyar bayyanarsa, dabbar tayi kama da doki. Babban farin mayafin dawakin yana da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi tare da jan launi, kuma maya mai launin fari da fari mai “fenti” a fuskarsa. An kawata kawunan mutanen duka biyun da kunnuwa masu kauri tare da tassels a tukwici da ƙaho mai kyau sosai. Yawancin kwari na doki suna cin ciyawa ko algae, waɗannan dabbobin ba sa cin ciyawar da kuma ciyawar bishiyoyi. Wannan tururuwar na zaune ne a cikin savannahs na yamma, gabas da Afirka ta kudu.

• Bongo(Tragelaphus eurycerus)

wani irin nau'in tsiro ne na Afirka da aka jera a cikin Littafin Duniya ta Duniya. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin siran subfamily da asalin halittar gandun daji. Bongos manyan dabbobi ne: tsayinsa a ƙasan mazan da suka manyanta sun kai 1-1.3, kuma nauyin ya kai kilogiram 200. An bambanta wakilan jinsin ta hanyar mai launi mai laushi, mai launin fari-mai launin fari tare da farin ratsi a gefansu, tsibiran fararen ulu a ƙafafunsu da kuma farin farin wata a kirji. Dandalin Bongo suna da daɗi kuma suna jin daɗin ci iri iri da ciyawar ciyayi. Wurin zama nau'in jinsin yana wucewa cikin dazuzzuka daji da wuraren tsaunuka a Tsakiyar Afirka.

• Bakara mai ban tsoro(Tetracerus quadricornis)

'yar asalin tsiran Asiya ce kuma kawai wakilin bovids, wanda an yiwa kansa ado ba tare da 2 ba, amma yana da ƙaho 4. Haɓaka daga waɗannan tururuwa kusan 55-54 cm tare da nauyin jikin mutum bai wuce kilo 22 ba. An rufe jikin dabbobi da gashin launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya bambanta da farin ciki. Maza ne kawai ke da zankaje: pairahohin gaba guda biyu kawai ya kai 4 cm, kuma galibi yawanci basa ganuwa, ƙahonin na baya suna girma zuwa 10 cm a tsayi. Tsuntsaye masu ban tsoro guda huɗu suna ciyar da ciyawa kuma suna zaune a cikin kurmi na Indiya da Nepal.

• Cow tururuwaita Congongi, kumburin kumburi ko kumburin gama gari(Alcelaphus buselaphus)

Wannan tururuwar Afriki ce daga Bubal subfamily. Congonis manyan dabbobi ne masu girmansa kimanin 1.3 m da tsawon jikin mutum ya kai mita 2. Canjin saniya yana da kusan kilogram 200. Dangane da tallafin, launi na ulu na Congoni ya bambanta daga launin toka mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ƙirar halayen baƙar fata tana tsaye a kan ƙyalli, alamomin baƙar fata suna kan kafafu. Akwai ƙaho mai tsayi har zuwa 70 cm tsayi daga maza da mata duka, siffofinsu wata ne na wata, mai jujjuya gefan da ke sama. Cow antelope ciyar a kan ganye da ganyayyaki na bushes. Wakilan ƙasashen sun fi yawa a cikin Afirka: daga Maroko zuwa Masar, Habasha, Kenya da Tanzania.

• Bakarar fata(Hippotragus niger)

Antelope na Afirka, wanda ya kasance sifar halittar magabata iri iri, dangin magabata. Haɓakar ɓarke ​​na baƙin ciki kusan 130 cm ne tare da nauyin jikin mutum ya kai kilo 230. An bambanta maza da yawa ta launi mai launin shuɗi-baki, wanda ya bambanta da kyau tare da farin ciki. Matasa maza da mata suna da bulo ko launin shuɗi mai duhu. Kakaki, mai jujjuyawa baya a zahirin girgizar ƙasa kuma ya ƙunshi yawan adadin zobba, suna da daidaikun maza da mata. Bishiyoyin fararen fata suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan daga Kenya, Tanzaniya da Habasha zuwa yankin kudanci na Afirka.

• Kanna ita ce canna gama gari(Taurotragus oryx)

mafi tsufa a duniya. A waje, canna yayi kama da saniya, kawai mafi siriri, kuma girman dabbar yana da ban sha'awa: tsayi a cikin ƙanannun tsoffin tsoffin mita shine 1.5 mita, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita 2-3, kuma nauyin jikin zai iya zama daga 500 zuwa 1000 kg. Canna na yau da kullun yana da suturar launin shuɗi, wanda ya zama launin toka-shuɗi a wuya da kafadu tare da shekaru. An bambanta maza ta hanyar fayilolin fata na fata a wuyan sa da kuma manyan gashi a goshi. Abubuwa masu rarrabewa na antelope sun kasance ne daga raƙuman haske masu haske 2 zuwa 15 a gaban akwati, manyan kafadu da ƙaho mai tsayi wanda yake ƙawata mata da maza. Abincin cannon yana kunshe da ganye, ganye, har da rhizomes da tubers, waɗanda ake fitarwa dabbobi daga ƙasa tare da ɗakunan gaba. Kogin jeji na zaune a karkarar da shimfidar ƙasa a duk faɗin Afirka, ban da na yankuna na yamma da na arewacin.

• Dwarf tururuwaita dwarf antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus)

mafi karami na antelopes, nasa ne ga subfamily na antelopes na ainihi. Haɓaka dabba ta dabba da ƙarancinsa ya kai 20-23 cm (da wuya 30 cm) tare da nauyin jiki na 1.5 zuwa 3.6 kg. Jariri mai wucin gadi mai haihuwa yakai kimanin 300 g kuma yana iya dacewa da tafin hannun mutum. Hannun kafaɗɗun ragowa sun fi ta gaba yawa, don haka idan ana damuwa dabbobi za su iya tsalle sama da tsayin 2 m.Tsofaffi da sa arean launuka iri ɗaya ne kuma suna da gashi mai launin shuɗi, kawai Cine, ciki, ciki na kafafu da tassel na wutsiya an fentin fari. Maza suna girma ƙaramin baƙi karami a cikin siffar mazugi da tsawon 2.5-3.5 cm.Dan uffan na dwarf yana ciyar da ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Gidajen dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi masu shayarwa sune daji mai yawa na Yammacin Afirka: Laberiya, Kamaru, Guinea, Ghana.

• Na kowa Gazelle (Gazella gazella)

dabba daga subfamily na antelopes na gaske. Tsawon jikin gazelle ya bambanta daga 98-115 cm, nauyi - daga kilogiram 16 zuwa 29.5. Mace sun fi maza yawa kuma sun kai kusan cm 10 a jikinsu Jikin wata gazelle talakawa ya yi kauri, wuyansa da kafafu suna da tsawo, makwancin dabbobi masu shayarwa wutsiya mai tsawon 8-13 cm. Kakakin maza sun kai cm 22 zuwa tsayi, a cikin mata kaho sun gajarta - 6 ne kawai 6 -12 cm .. Launin rigar da ke bayan ta da gefansa launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, akan ciki, yatsun kafa da kuma a cikin kafafu, farin yana da fararen fata. Sau da yawa ana raba wannan iyakar launi ta hanyar duhu mai ban sha'awa. Wani mahimmin fasali na nau'in ya kasance nau'i biyu na farin igiya a jikin bera, wanda ke kan layi kai tsaye daga ƙaho ta idanu har zuwa hancin dabbar. Gazelle ta yau da kullun tana zaune a cikin yankuna na hamada da kuma hamada na Isra'ila da Saudi Arabia, a cikin UAE, a Yemen, Lebanon da Oman.

• Impala ko fari-kaiAepyceros melampus)

Tsawon jikin wakilan wannan nau'in ya bambanta daga 120-160 cm tare da tsayi a cikin ƙishirwa na 75-95 cm da nauyin 40 zuwa 80 kg. Maza suna sanye da ƙaho mai kama da launi, tsawon sa wanda yawancinsu ya zarce 90 cm The launi na gashi yana launin ruwan kasa, kuma bangarorin sun fi haske. Ciki, yankin kirji, haka nan kuma wuyan wuyansa da fari suna da fari. A kan kafafun hancin biyu na ɓangaren biyu akwai ratsin launin fari mai haske, kuma sama da kofuna ɗaya akwai gashin baki. Yankunan impalas sun ƙunshi Kenya, Uganda, har zuwa savannah na Afirka ta kudu da yankin Botswana. Populationaya daga cikin al livesumma na zaune daban a bakin iyakar Angola da Namibia, kuma sun bazu a matsayin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu (Aepyceros melampus petersi).

• Saiga ko saiga (Saiga tatarica)

dabba daga subfamily na antelopes na gaske. Tsawon jikin saiga daga 110 zuwa 146 cm, nauyi yana daga kilo 23 zuwa 40, tsayi a qazanta ya kai santimita 60-80. Jikin yana da siffar elongated, ga gabar jiki bakin ciki kuma gajere Masu ɗaukar kaho masu kauri kamar launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, maza ne kawai. Siffar halayyar bayyanar saigas ita ce hanci: tana kama da akwati mai laushi ta hannu tare da hancinsa kusa da hancin dabba kuma yana bai wa dabbar dabbar iska. A launi na saiga tururuwa ya bambanta dangane da lokaci na shekara: a lokacin rani, gashi yana da launin rawaya-ja, duhu zuwa layin baya da wuta kuma akan bakin ciki, a cikin hunturu da Jawo yakan samo launin toka mai yumɓu. Saigas suna zaune a kan iyakar Kyrgyzstan da Kazakhstan, ana samunsu a cikin Turkmenistan, a yammacin Mongolia da kuma a Uzbekistan, a Rasha mazaunin yankin ya mamaye yankin Astrakhan, da kuma mashigar Kalmykia, Jamhuriyar Altai.

• Zebra Duker (Cephalophus zebra)

dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dabbobi masu halittar gandun daji. Tsawon jikin dabbar shine 70-90 cm mai nauyin kilo 9 zuwa 20 kuma tsayi a ƙarancin 40-5 cm Jikin dabbar yana squat, yana da haɓaka tsokoki da ƙirar halayyar baya. Kafafu suna gajeru tare da shimfide sama da fadi. Dukkan maza da mata suna da kaho kaɗan. An bambanta ulu daga zebra ta launin ruwan lemo mai haske, tsarin “zebra” na ratsin fata ya fito fili akan jikin - yawansu ya sha bamban ne daga 12 zuwa 15. Mazaunin dabba yana da iyaka ga ƙaramin yanki a Yammacin Afirka: zebra duker tana zaune a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na yankuna a Guinea, Liberia, Saliyo da Ivory Coast.

• Jeyran (Gazella subgutturosa)

Dabbobin halittar gwal, dangin bovids. Tsawon jikin gazelle ya kasance daga 93 zuwa 116 cm mai nauyin kilo 18 zuwa 33 kuma tsayi a cikin zafin da ya kai daga 60 zuwa 75 cm. An yiwa kawunan maza ado da kaho mai launin fata tare da zoben juzu'i, mace yawanci ba ta da kaho, duk da cewa wasu mutane suna da ƙananan ƙaho mai tsayi. -5 cm a tsawon. A baya da bangarorin gazelle ana fenti a cikin yashi, ciki, wuya da wata gabar jiki na ciki fari. Ganin wutsiya koyaushe baki ne. A cikin kananan dabbobi, a bayyane yanayin da ke fuska: ana wakilta shi da wani launin ruwan kasa a hanci da wasu raunin duhu da suke buɗewa daga idanun zuwa kusurwar bakin. Jeyran yana zaune ne a yankuna masu tsaunuka, a cikin hamada da kuma yankin tsakiyar jeji a Armenia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan da Turkmenistan, kuma ana samunsa a kudancin Mongolia, Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan da China.

Kiwon dabbobi

Antelopes dabbobi ne na zaman lafiya kuma galibi suna zaune cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin gwiwa. Namiji da mace sun samar da ma'aurata biyu kuma suna da aminci ga juna a duk rayuwarsu. Wata kungiya mai dangantaka, wacce ma'aurata ke jagoranta, yawanci ya hada da matasa 5 zuwa 12, mazaunin maza suna kiyaye yankin, mace tana neman makiyaya da wuraren shakatawa na hutawa da daddare. Yarinya maza da suka manyanta maza sukan yi wasu rukunoni na bache kuma, ba tare da wata madaidaiciya ba, suna yin kamar kowace mace ce da ta fada cikin ƙasarsu.

Lokacin canjin yanayin tururuwa ya dogara da mazauninsu: a cikin wasu nau'ikan yana dawwama, a wasu kuwa an kebe shi zuwa wani lokaci na musamman. Lokacin balaga na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura na faruwa a lokacin yana da shekaru 16-18 watanni. Yarinya mata sukan taru a kananan kungiyoyi waɗanda ke jan hankalin maza. 'Yancin mallakar mace ta cancanci namiji mafi ƙarfi. Ana gwagwarmaya tsakanin maza yayin da abokan hamayya suka hadu, kamar a cikin zobe, kuma sun yi karo da ƙaho. Kafin wannan yakin, mazajen wasu nau'ikan sun yi biris, suna fitar da harsunansu kuma suna sama da wutsiyarsu, suna nuna wa abokan gaba rashin fifikonsu da fifikonsu.

Antelope ciki yana daga watanni 5.5 zuwa 9, ya danganta da nau'in. Kafin haihuwar, macen ta bar cikin filayen toka wanda ke kewaye da tarin duwatsun, inda yawanci yakan kawo cubaya 1, da wuya biyu.

Da farko, cuban wasan yakan ciyar da madara uwar, yana ƙarƙashin amintaccen kariyarta. Lokacin da ya kai watanni 3-4, jariri zai fara yankan ciyawar da kansa kuma ya dawo tare da mahaifiya zuwa garken, amma nono ya kai har zuwa watanni 5-7.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da tururuwa

• Featureaya daga cikin fasalin mai ban sha'awa na wildebeest har yanzu asiri ne ga masana kimiyya. Ofungiyar wasu dabbobin kiwo cikin nutsuwa kwatsam, ba tare da wani dalili ba, suka hau rawa mai ban haushi, suna yin manyan tsalle-tsalle da huhun fata daga tabo, har da bugun ƙafa. Bayan minti daya, "wasar" ma ya kare kwatsam, kuma dabbobin suna ci gaba da narkar da ciyawa cikin lumana, kamar dai babu abin da ya faru.
• Baya ga babban mayafi, tururuwa mai tsalle-tsalle (Latin Oreotragus oreotragus) suna da gashi mara nauyi wanda ke da alaƙa da fata, wanda yake shi ne kawai irin wannan tururuwa da kuma dabbar farin fari.
• A cikin wasu nau'o'in antelopes, dogo mai tsawo da kuma tsari mai ratsa jiki wanda yake ba da dama ga dabbobi su tsaya a kafafunsu kuma, jingina da gaban su a kan gungumen itace, har ya zuwa ga rassan bishiya, kamar raƙumin daji.

Karin tsalle (lat.Oreotragus oreotragus). Hoto daga: Neil Strickland

Habitat

Aka fara rarraba shi akan mafi yawan Arewacin Afirka. Ra'ayin ya ƙunshi rashi biyu: G. I. leptoceros da G. I. marica. Mallakar ƙananan kabilu suna taɓarɓarewa a cikin mafi yawan rabin yankin Sahara, daga Algeria zuwa Misira da arewa maso yammacin Sudan, da kuma cikin tsaunukan arewa maso yammacin Chadi. Gazelles na subspecies G. I. marica rayu a yankin Larabawa.

Kamar addax, yashi gazelle - ainihin hamada ce, tana zaune a cikin sands dune, inda dabbobi kaɗan zasu iya rayuwa. A lokacin fari mai tsananin gaske, mai sahale yakan bar barin dunun don neman abinci. Istsan masanan ƙabilanci kawai sun ga gizazirin yashi a cikin daji, kodayake kafin a yi la’akari da shi shine dabba mafi yawancin mutane a cikin Sahara. Whitaker, wanda ya rubuta game da Tunisiya a cikin 1897, ya ce Larabawa "suna kashe dabbobi da yawa, kuma a kowace shekara vyari na kawo kaho 500-600 na wannan goza daga yankuna na ciki zuwa Gabes, inda sojojin Faransa da yardar rai suke siyan su."

Sand gazelle yana zaune galibi filayen hamada, amma wani lokacin yakan ratsa yankunan da suke kan tuddai waɗanda ke cikin ƙauyen.

Rashin halayen mazaunan bai ba da izinin yin nazarin ƙwayar wannan nau'in da kyau ba. Sanin dabba dabba ce ta zahiri, kuma saboda rashin ingantaccen bayanai, halin da yake ciki yanzu yana da wahalar tantance shi. Koyaya, wannan bayanin ya isa sosai don fahimtar yadda aka kashe dabbar a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan da kuma yadda aka rage adadinta, kodayake halin da ake ciki har yanzu ba mai mahimmanci bane. A duk faɗin yankin, ba a tsare gizirin yashi a koina, kuma ba a same shi a cikin kowane shingen ƙasa ko ajiyar wurin ba.