Magungunan zamani yana ɗaukar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji da yawa, abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke shiga cikin gabobin ɗan adam. Ofaya daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da cututtukan cuta shine amfani da kifayen da ba a shirya su sosai ba.

Dalili na biyu ya dace idan dafa kifin bai bi madaidaicin fasahar ba. Versaunar masu ƙarancin kifi sun zama marasa lafiya akai-akai tare da ƙarshen cututtukan cututtukan parasitic.

Mai tsananin helminth tsakanin maɗaukaki metacercaria. An samo shi a cikin kifi, crabs, yana da alaƙar kai tsaye zuwa gungun flatworms. Helminths na wannan nau'in ya shiga cikin cikar kifayen.

Mafi haɗari sune idan suka shiga idanu da kwakwalwar kifi. Tsutsotsi kuma sukan yi zazzage a cikin aquariums. Suna isa can daga tafkunan, sake saitawa tare da katantanwa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne a ci tare da abinci a cikin gidan kifi mai dacewa kuma a kai hari ga rayayyiyar halittu masu rai.

Siffofin Metacercaria da mazauninsu

Metacercaria opisthorchis suna a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka na cyprinids. Don cecaria (larvae), kifi mai tsaka-tsaki ne. A ciki, cecaria yana girma zuwa metacercaria. Kwayoyin cuta ba su da ikon da za a watsa daga kifi ɗaya zuwa wani, kasancewa larvae.

Helminth ana iya kamuwa da shi kawai ta hanyar mazan balagaggu na balaga. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa irin kifincin carci, minnow, barbel ko kuma raw ba zai taɓa kamuwa da cutar ba.

Tsutsotsi a cikin mafi yawan lokuta suna kasancewa a cikin idanu, suna shafar:

• ruwan tabarau
• jikin
• yanayin ciki na gira.

Akwai rukunoni huɗu waɗanda suka haɗu da siffofin goma sha uku na lalacewar ido da ruwan tabarau. Metacercariae suna da haɗari a cikin cewa sune masu kiyaye muhalli. Ba sa tsoron ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Metacercariae a cikin kifi

Kawai ta daskarewa samfurin zuwa - 40 ° C don akalla 7 hours larvae ya ɓace. Idan daskarewa na faruwa a-35 ° C, maganin cutarcc cecaria na rasa yiwuwar sanyi bayan awanni 14 na sanyi.

Idan ka daskare kifi a - 28 ° C, yana ɗaukar akalla awanni 32 kafin a iya cire maganin. Amma zuwa manyan digiri, parasites sun fi kulawa. Bayan aiwatar da keɓancewa daga kifi, sukan mutu bayan mintuna 5-10 a + 55 ° C.

Juyarwa metacercaria tsawra, da fasali:

• zamaninsu m
• canza masu.

Shellfish, kifi, kwari suna aiki kamar matsakaiciyar runduna mai riska. Wannan nau'in helminth shima yana da ƙarin rundunar. Amma a cikin 80% na lokuta, zai iya yin ba tare da shi ba yayin ci gaba.

Tsarin halitta yana canzawa yayin haifuwa ta parasites, ba wai kawai a cikin tsutsotsin da aka kafa ba, har ma a cikin larvae. Larvae ta sake haihuwar wani zuriya na cecaria, wanda a sakamakon haka ya girma ya zama ya girma.

Yanayi da rayuwar metacercaria

Metacercariae ya bambanta da sauran helminths na aji a cikin ƙananan girma. Halin helminth yana sanye da kofuna biyu tsotsa:

1. ciki
2. baki.

Tsutsotsin suna kaiwa da mucous membranes na rundunar su, suna shayar da abubuwa masu amfani, ta haka zasu tallafawa mahimman ayyukansu. Makarfi na baka shine farkon narkewar hanji. Thearshen ƙarshen jikin yana da tashoshi don sakin abincin da aka sarrafa.

Da zaran a cikin kifayen, tsutsotsi ba su kiwo. Suna zaune a cikin wannan mahallin, basu da ikon ci da haɓaka. Suna jiran lokacin da za a ci kifin mai masaukin. Duk wannan lokacin, kwayoyin hana daukar ciki suna ɓoye a jikin maganin kafur, wanda shine sashin kifin.

Metarercariae suna da mallakar sakin abubuwa masu guba, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar gill lobes. Kifi ya raunana, suna kan ruwa, saboda sun dandana isasshen iskar oxygen.

Kifi ya shiga cikin hanyar masunta, ko kuma ya zama wanda aka azabtar dashi ga tsuntsaye, karnuka, kuliyoyi. Bayan cin kifi mara lafiya, helminths suna kai hari ga jikin mai watsa shiri na ƙarshe, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da haɓaka yanayin cutar da ake kira Clonorchis metacercaria.

Kwayoyin cuta suna cutar da kifin masu watsa shiri. Ta zama mai yawan hutawa, kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da aiwatar da fin rot. Dangane da kididdigar, yawan kifayen kayan masarufi da ke lalata metarceraria shine kashi 50% ko fiye.

Tsarin Abinci na Metacercaria

Metarercaria suna zaune a cikin katako, suna haɗe da ƙarfi a kan kofuna waɗanda suka tsotsa, suna da hanji. Orwayoyin halitta suna ciyar da ƙoshin mai masaukin su ko kuma abinda ke cikin hanjin sa. Idan tsutsotsi suka shiga cikin kamun kifin, basa ciyar da komai. Aikin su shine cutar da kifin tare da kamuwa da cuta don halakar da shi ta ƙarshe ta ƙarshe.

Sake bugun tare da tsawon rai na metacercaria

A cikin kifi mai rai metacercaria opisthorchiasis lokaci ne mai tsawo. Matsakaicin tasirin su daga 5 zuwa 8 ne. Farfaɗowa cikin jikin rundunar ta ƙarshe, ana haɗa siɓanin ta da cikakkiyar balaga, a cikin tsutsa ya zama santimita 0.2 zuwa 1.3, tsayi 0.4 santimita mai nisa.

Idan mutum shine mai shi, tsutsotsi suna rayuwa a ciki, ƙwayoyin hanjin ciki, da hanjin hanta. Cikakken kafa, metacercaria lay qwai wanda ya shiga cikin mahallin tare da fecested fears.

Furtherarin gaba, haɓakar ƙwayar cuta yana faruwa a cikin matakai, yana shiga cikin mollusk ɗin a cikin rundunar mai tsaka-tsaki. Bayan faduwa cikin kifin kifin, ƙarin rundunar helminths. Wani maɓoɓin mai kama da ƙwayar cuta yana da ɗigon kofin mafitsara, wanda aka kiyaye tsutsa.

Tare da gano rashin tabbas na metacercariae, da zubar da shi ba daidai ba a jikin mai watsa shiri na ƙarshe, yawancin cututtukan suna tsokani. Ba ya ɓoye daga jiki ba tare da tsoma bakin maganin ba har sai shekaru 10-20.

MUTUWAR METACERCARIA A KYA

Don binciken, ana ɗaukar samfurori na 10-15 daga tafki. rayuwa ko kifi mai tsayi na kowane nau'in. Yi rijista kwanan wata, nau'in kifi, sunan tafki. Binciken waje na ma'aunin fata, fata, ƙone, gills. Scrapes an yi su ne daga waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon kuma ana bincika su a ƙwalƙwalwa ta amfani da hanyar damfara. An yanke ciki tare da almakashi daga dubura zuwa yankin zuciya. Ta amfani da tsofaffi, suna bincika zuciya, gonad, hanta, saifa, ƙodan, hanji, jijiyoyin ciki, da kuma amai. Kowane sashi an sanya shi a cikin kwano na Petri ko gilashin agogon. Piecesaramin guda (3 - 5 mm) ana ɗauka tare da almakashi daga kowane sashin jiki, an sanya shi a kan nunin falon gilashi, an bincika a ƙwanƙolin madubi don kasancewar larvae na lardin, kuma an kafa bayyanar metacercariae.

Ana bincika tsokoki na kifin, wanda akan yanke fata tare da fatar kan mutum, yana farawa daga kai, kuma an karɓi guda daga ɓangarorin ƙwararrun tsokoki da scrapings daga fata (larvae yawanci ana sanyata a cikin ƙwayar tsoka a zurfin 2.5 - 3 mm). An sanya nau'ikan tsoka a kan nunin faifai na gilashi ko compressors kuma ana duban su a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙaramin fitila.

A cikin tsoka na kifi paraacitic metacercaria trematode pathogenic da wadanda ba pathogenic ga mutane da dabbobi. Metacercaria pathogenic ga mutane da dabbobi (opisthorchis, methorchis, clonorchis, pseudamphistomy) suna cikin cysts, ana nuna su ne ta gaban kofuna biyu na tsotsar gindi da kuma karamin bakin aljihun fure ko mai siffa, mai mamaye kashi 1/3 ko 1/4 na tsutsa. A cikin cysts, larvae suna motsi mai motsi. Non-pathogenic metacercariae sune larvae na halittar bucephalus da ripidocotyl. Suna da kofin tsotsa guda ɗaya mai ɗaukar yatsa mai fasalin yatsa, zubzag mai kumburi ya mamaye har zuwa 2/3 na jiki, suna da ƙarfi a cikin cysts. Don metacercaria paracenonymy, tsarin baƙar fata mai baƙar fata tare da fararen tsararre guda uku kamar lumens alama ce ta halayyar.

Don ƙayyade yuwuwar larvae, an cire giwar gigice daga gabobin kifi da kyallen takarda, an sanya shi cikin ruwan gishiri na 40o C, a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na wucin gadi (100 ml na 0.5% NaCl bayani, 0.5 g na pepsin, 0.75 ml na 35% Maganin hydrochloric acid), a karkashin gilashin ƙara girman dutse, a hankali haushi tsutsa tare da allurar dissecting. Kasancewar ma ƙungiyoyi masu rauni sun nuna cewa suna raye. Larvae da aka fitar daga gabobin da kyallen kifayen sun sami 'yanci daga yalwar nama, saka gilasai da abarba. 2 saukad da na 3% bayani na rosolic acid a cikin 70% barasa na minti 2 ana amfani da shirye-shiryen, ana ƙara digo na 0.1% na maganin potassium da ke ciki kuma har yanzu ya rage na minti 2. An zubar da zanen da ya wuce ruwan gishiri da gishirin, shirye-shiryen ya bushe tare da tsiri na takaddar tace, an rufe shi da mayafin kallo kuma ana kallo a ƙarƙashin microscope. Muscle nama da matattu larvae juya ruwan hoda; live larvae ba.

Za'a iya tantance yiwuwar larvae a ƙasan microscope tare da tebur mai dumin wuta a 36 - 37 ° C. Ana cire larvae da keɓewa zuwa tebur, ana ƙara saukad da ganyayyaki na 2-3 ko 0.5% trypsin. Larvae mai rai yana fitowa daga cysts a cikin minti 5-10. Hakanan zaka iya sanya tsutsa cikin digo na ruwan gishiri kuma, a ƙarƙashin ikon maɓallin microscope, ka sake ta daga kwasfa na waje ta amfani da allura ta rarraba. Kasancewar motsi a cikin tsutsa yana nuna yuwuwar shi.

Idan yana da wuya a tsayar da nau'in metacercaria, to an tsinkaya tsutsa daga cikin bawo ta hanyar injuna ko chemically. Harsashi yana tsagewa da kayan aiki tare da watsa allura a ƙarƙashin ikon gilashin ƙara girman. Chemical - crushed guda na saman tsokoki na kifi (0.3x0.5 cm) a cikin adadin 10 - 15 g an sanya su a cikin wucin gadi ruwan ciki a cikin wani rabo na 1:10, sa a cikin matsanancin zafi a 37 - 40 ° C na 2 - 3 hours, sannan a tace ta cuku cuku. An canza laka zuwa kwano na Petri, cysts ana pipetted tare da hasken da aka watsa a ƙarƙashin gilashin ƙara girman ƙarƙashi ko a karkashin microscope ko. salara Saline a cikin kofuna waɗanda suke motsawa suna motsa cysts kuma suna da hankali a tsakiyar kofin. Maganin daga gefen an sa shi a hankali tare da kwan fitila na roba. Wanke har sai an rage sauran tsoffin ƙwayar tsoka. Don saki daga kwasfa na ciki, ana sanya cysts a cikin bayani mai dumi 22-24 ° C na trypsin da sodium chloride (1 g na trypsin ana ɗauka a kowace ml 100 na maganin 1% NaCl). Metacercaria rawar jiki, da 'yanci daga bawo, suna da fasalin halayyar, wanda ya zama matsayin shawo kan asalin jinsinsu.

Tebur yana nuna halayyar ɗan adam mai ban sha'awa na treatode larvae parasitizing a cikin kifi.

Don kafa nau'in larvae, musamman daga wannan. Opisthorchidae, pathogenic ga mutane da dabbobi, sau da yawa sun tsara yadda za su samar da kayayyakin tarihin. Saboda wannan, dabbobin gwaji (kittens, aladu na Guinea, hamsters) suna ciyar da naman kifi tare da metacercariae trematodes ko ƙananan kifi. Suna dauke da su a sel. An ƙaddara nau'in tsutsa bayan makonni 3 zuwa 4 ta hanyar gano ƙwai na trematode ko helminth na balagagge na jima'i a cikin ƙwayar dabbobi a cikin hanta, hujin ciki, hanjin ciki (ya danganta da nau'in helminths) lokacin buɗe dabbobi masu gwaji.

Tsarin rayuwa

Canjin cercariae zuwa cikin metacercaria yana faruwa ne bayan na biyu mai tsaka-tsakin mahaifa (kifi ko kifin) ya shiga jiki, inda zasu watsar da wutsiyar sannan su samar da wata kariya ta garkuwar jikin kabba (cyst) a kusa da su. Metacercariae suna kan fata, ƙeƙasasshe, nama mai ƙyalli, ƙwayar tsoka, kwakwalwa, idanu, da makogwaro.

Metacercariae sun shiga jikin rundunar ƙarshe (tabbatacce) mai masaukin baki (dabbobi masu tsinkaye, tsuntsaye, mutane) lokacin da suka ci kifaye masu kamuwa da cuta. A karkashin tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da ruwan duodenal (galibi hydrochloric acid da pepsin), membrane ya lalace, kuma tsutsa tsintsiya daga ciki an gabatar dashi cikin gabobin rundunar (bile na hanta, hanjin hanji, da sauransu).

Bayyanar mutum

Metacercaria trematodes, wanda mutum shine babban (tabbatacce) mai masaukin, lokacin da aka gabatar da (mamayewa) a cikin jikin mutum, haɓaka cikin mutum mai cutar parasitic, wanda rayuwarsa zata iya zama shekaru dubun. A sakamakon haka, cututtukan da suka dace suna haɓaka cikin jikin da abin ya shafa - opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, da dai sauransu.

Bayyanar tsari da tsarin tsutsa

Tsutsa ya kai girman 0.3-1 mm a tsayi. A waje, tsarin jikin mutum da sifar sa sunyi kama da na manya, amma cercaria yana da wutsiyar murhun tsoka tare da gabobin ciki.

Abincin yana da mai ciki da na baki, haɓakar hanji, tsarin juyayi, proingtonphridia. Wasu mutane sun riga sun sami idanu, glandon kwakwalwa.

Cercaria ci gaba

Cercaria suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakken ruwa da kuma ruwan saline. Qwai Helminth sun shiga cikin ruwa tare da jijiyoyin waɗanda ke ɗaukar su. Kafin shiga cikin jikin rundunar ta ƙarshe, larvae yana buƙatar haɓaka cikin jikin mai ɗaukar matsakaici (katantanwa). Kamuwa da ɗan adam yana faruwa ne musamman a gabar ruwa, cikin ruwa mara kyau (mazaunin katantanwa na yau da kullun).

Penetrating cikin fata mutum, cercaria tsokani cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata, wanda yana tare da matsanancin itching. Yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa tsutsa ba zai iya girma zuwa mutum mai girma a jikin mutum.

Paraseite rayuwa

A cikin irin wannan yanayin, mai ɗaukar asali shine mai ruwa kamar ruwa, alal misali, ducks, da katantanwa suna taka rawa a matsayin mai ba da tsaka-tsaki. Cercariae galibi ana samun su a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayin yanayin zafi.

Tsarin tsarin gurbi yana da sauƙin sauƙi:

1. kwai
2. miracidium (babbar hanyar larva),
3. sporocyst (a cikin jikin masu ɗaukar matsakaici),
4. cercaria,
5. metacercaria (a jikin babban mai watsa shiri).

A wasu nau'in cututtukan schistosomes, mutum shine mai masaukin ƙarshe na halitta, saboda haka suna haɓaka cikin hanjin sa, da tsarin jijiyoyin jini da tsarin jijiyoyin jini. A irin wa annan halayen, ana ambatar fitsarin rashin lafiyar kuma an tsawanta, tunda tsutsotsin baya mutuwa a jikin fatawar mai ɗaukar ta.

Kwayar cutar ba ta daukar kwayar cutar ba daga mutum zuwa mutum. Ba a buƙatar hanyoyin kulawa na musamman, magani na alama ne kawai - alamun kamuwa da cuta ya ɓace akan kansu bayan 'yan kwanaki.

Bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mutum mai kamuwa da cuta

Tsutsa zai iya shiga cikin fata ne kawai a wuraren da aka rufe jikinsu wanda suturar wanka bata rufe su.

M ma yana haifar da irin waɗannan cututtukan:

• jin nitsuwa, ƙonawa, ƙoshin fatar da ta shafa,
• samuwar kananan jan pimples, blisters.

Rashin damuwa a kan fata yana bayyana kanta a farkon rabin sa'a ko 'yan kwanaki bayan kamuwa da cuta. Itching nan da nan ya zama mai zafi, amma ya ragu a cikin fewan makonni. Kwaroron ƙwaro tare da blisters suna fitowa a cikin sa'o'i 12 bayan yin iyo a cikin gurbataccen ruwa.

Hadawa da wuraren da abin ya shafa yana haifar da tsananin alamun bayyanar cututtuka, yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtukan sakandare, kumburi.

Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari - cutar tana haɓaka da sauri lokacin da mai cutar ya sake hulɗa da ruwa mai ƙazanta - alamomin suna ƙaruwa, yayin da kwayar ta sake komawa kan fatar.

Cercaria hepatic trematode

Cercariae shine larva na hepatic trematode wanda ya fito daga jikin mai ɗaukar matsakaitan matsakaici kuma yana cikin neman sabon, ƙarshe ko ƙarin mai watsa shiri - duk ya dogara da nau'in nau'in cutar.

Kamar yadda matsakaici, ƙarin masu ɗaukar kifi sune, kwari, mollusks.

Ana iya haɗa su zuwa tsire-tsire, wanda manyan dillalai ke ci (mutane, dabbobi).

Hanyoyin jiyya

Yawancin lokaci, babu buƙatar likita don magance cercariosis. Kwayoyin cutar suna ɓoye kansu a cikin 'yan kwanaki ko makonni - daban-daban ga kowane mutum.

Ana iya buƙatar maganin ta Anthelmintic idan kamuwa da cuta ya faru tare da cercariae, ɗaukar hoto na ƙarshe wanda shine mutum - waɗannan mutane zasu haɓaka cikin jikin mutum.

Don rage bayyanar cututtuka sun dace:

• corticosteroid maganin shafawa, cream,
• sanyi fakitoci
• wanka tare da soda, oatmeal, Epsom gishiri,
• soda manna
• antipruritic lotions.

A wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don guje wa karɓar fata da abin ya shafa - raunuka za su bayyana a kan dermis, waɗanda suke kyakkyawan yanayin don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic.

Yawanci, cercariae ba mai haɗari ga ɗan adam ba, duk da haka, kamuwa da cuta yana tare da alamu marasa kyau waɗanda ke shafar ingancin rayuwa. Don kauce wa mamayewa, zai fi kyau a bi ka'idodin hana rigakafi, a guji yin iyo a jikin ruwan da aka gurbata.

Maganin kai na kanka na iya tsananta alamun - yana da kyau a nemi likita. Bayan kawai yin cikakkiyar ganewar asali ne zai yiwu a zaɓi wadatattun hanyoyin hanyoyin rashin lafiya.

Kuna iya kayar da parasites!

Abubuwan Antiparasitic complex® - Abin dogaro ne amintaccen zubar da kayan inzali a cikin kwanaki 21!

• Abun da ke ciki ya haɗa da kayan masarufi kawai,
• Babu sakamako masu illa
• Babu matsala
• Yana kare hanta, zuciya, huhu, ciki, fata daga cututtukan fata
• Cire daga jikin sharar gida na parasites.
• Da kyau yana lalata yawancin nau'in helminths a cikin kwanaki 21.

Yanzu akwai shirin da ake so don kunshin kyauta. Karanta ra'ayin masana.

Tunani

• Cibiyoyin Yankin Cututtukan Cututtuka. Brucellosis Kwayoyin cuta. Haɗi
• Corbel M. J. Cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi // Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. Haɗi
• Matasa E. J. Mafi kyawun wasanni don cututtukan hanji na ciki // Cututtukan Cututtukan Clinical. - 1995. Vol. 21. - P. 283-290. Haɗi
• Yushchuk N.D., Vengerov Yu A. Cututtukan cututtuka: littafin rubutu. - bugu na biyu. - M.: Magani, 2003 .-- 544 p.
• Yaduwar cututtukan cututtukan fata a tsakanin jama'a, 2009 / Kokolova L. M., Reshetnikov A. D., Platonov T. A., Verkhovtseva L. A.
• Helminths na ɗakunan gida na yankin Voronezh, 2011 / Nikulin P.I., Romashov B.V.

Mafi kyawun labarun masu karatun mu

Taken: Parasites suna da alhakin duk matsaloli!

Daga wa: Lyudmila S. ([email protected])

Zuwa ga: Gudanarwa Noparasites.ru

Ba a daɗe ba, yanayin lafiyar na ya taɓarɓu. Ta fara jin gajiya koda yaushe, ciwon kai, raunin jiki da wasu irin rashin jin daɗi sun bayyana. Matsalar cututtukan ciki kuma sun bayyana: bloating, zawo, zafi da mummunan numfashi.

Ina tsammanin wannan ya faru ne saboda aiki tuƙuru da fatan cewa komai zai wuce da kanshi. Amma a kowace rana na kan yi rauni. Likitocin ma sun kasa cewa komai. Kamar dai duk abin da yake na al'ada, amma ko ta yaya nake jin cewa jikina ba shi da lafiya.

Na yanke shawarar tuntuɓar wani asibiti mai zaman kansa. Daga nan sai aka shawarce ni, tare da nazarce-nazarce gaba daya, na zartar da wani bincike game da kwayar cutar. Don haka, a ɗayan gwaje-gwajen, na sami kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. A cewar likitoci, tsutsotsi ne cewa 90% na mutane suna da kusan kowa yana kamuwa, zuwa mafi girma ko ƙasa.

An rubuta mani hanya ta maganin tsoffin ƙwayoyi. Amma bai ba ni sakamakon ba. Mako guda baya, wani abokina ya aiko min da hanyar haɗi zuwa wani labarin inda wasu likitan mata ke raba shawara ta gaske game da yaƙar cutar. Wannan labarin ya sami tsira a zahiri. Na bi duk shawarwarin da ke wurin kuma cikin 'yan kwanaki kaɗan sai na ji daɗi!

Narkewa ya inganta, ciwon kai ya ɓace, kuma wannan mahimmancin da ba ni da shi ya bayyana. Don dogaro, Na sake ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwajen kuma ban sami maganin ɓoye ba!

Wanene yana so ya tsarkaka jikinsu daga gurɓuwa, kuma ba damuwa komai nau'in waɗannan halittun suna zaune a cikin - karanta wannan labarin, Na tabbata 100% zasu taimake ka! Je zuwa labarin >>>

Metacercaria O. felipeus

Udurin rawar jiki ga wata halitta dangane da tsarin mafitsarar ta yiwu ne kawai tare da isasshen kwarewar mai binciken. In ba haka ba, don fayyace dangantakar jinsin giwayen, yana da kyau a cire metacercaria daga mafitsara.

Sanya a hankali daga jikin da ke kewaye, an sanya mafitsara akan gilashi a cikin digo na ruwa ko gyada. Harsashinta yana tsage tare da allura na bakin ciki (musamman fil fil N 00) ko matsi mai haske akan mayafin. Idan tsutsa kanta ba ta fita daga mafitsara, to, a wanke ta da ruwa daga pipette. Ficewar metacercariae daga cysts na iya motsawa ta hanyar nunawa mutum abinda ke ciki ko dabba ko kuma dunƙule.

Idan an gano ƙwayar opisthorchis a cikin samfuran kifi, incl. lokacin da ake tantance amfanin tasirin ta, to lallai ne a tantance ingancinsu, saboda Hadarin da ke tattare da lafiyar ɗan adam ana wakilta ne ta hanyar lardin kawai na helminth live kawai.

Da farko dai, zaku iya mai da hankali kan alamun morphological da aikin motsi. Metacercaria opisthorchisis da aka fitar daga kyallen kifaye ta hanyar amfani da allura na dissecting an sanya shi cikin digo na ruwa mai dumi ko saline (37-40 digiri C) akan ramin gilashin, an rufe shi da murfin katako kuma an bincika shi a gaban ƙaramin ƙaramin haɓakaccen girma. A fili takewar mutuncin membranes na cysts, babban canje-canje a cikin tsarin tsutsa ciki, lalacewar abinda ke ciki, da lalata mafitsara alamomi ne na mutuwar metacercaria. Kasancewar ma mafi rauni ma ƙungiyoyi na tsutsa suna nuna yuwuwar aiki. Rashin motsi bai nuna mutuwa ba. Za'a iya motsa motsi ta hanyar latsa mitacercariae da sauƙi tare da murfin rufe fuska.

A cikin kwampreso, tsutsa yana da zagaye ko kuma siffar m. Girmanta sun bambanta daga 0.17 x 0.21 zuwa 0.34 x 0.43 mm kuma a fili sun dogara da shekarun tsutsa da kuma yawan kamuwa da cutar kifin. Membranes na bakin ciki guda biyu da ke kewaye da metacercaria suna bayyananne, kuma ta warin su larva a bayyane yake a cikin damfara. Tsawon tsutsa kanta yafi girma da girman girman mafitsara, don haka ana sanya shi a cikin mafitsara kawai a cikin wani yanayi mai jujjuyawa, wanda yake canzawa koyaushe saboda kusan kullun motsi na tsutsa. Ayyukanta suna ƙaruwa sosai tare da yawan zafin jiki (alal misali, tare da ɗan dumama na damfara).

Tsutsa tsutsa tsutsa daga tsinkayen. Gashi daga cikin ɓangaren bayanta zuwa ƙarshen cinyar cikin mahaifa an rufe shi da kasusuwa na bakin ciki. Wataƙila, suna sauƙaƙe faɗuwa, tunda ana iya ganin su kawai a cikin rayuwa, sabbin ƙwayoyin mafitsara da aka fitar da su. Tsawon metacercaria kadai 0.22-0.62, nisa 0.12-0.27 mm. A cikin madaidaiciyar ƙasa, zai iya isa 1mm. Koma jikin mutum kusan yana ɗaukar ciki ta wucin gadi. Abubuwan bakin ciki biyu na bakin ciki, wanda yake bayyane zuwa matakin maɓallin, yana fadada daga ƙarshen gabanta.

Makarfin bakin da ke da nauyin 0.071-0.12 mm yana gefen gaban jikin shi kuma an nufi da shi zuwa gefen ciki. Phawanƙiri (0.025x0.046 mm) yana kusa da gefen ƙarshen murfin bakin. Kyakkyawan yanayin esophagus yana gudana a wani kusurwa mai muni zuwa reshe biyu na hanjin a tsakiyar nesa tsakanin kofuna tsotsa ko kuma kusan kusa da kofin zub da na baka. Dukkan rassan biyu suna zuwa ƙarshen jikin.

Cupan wasan tsotsa na ciki (0.088x0.139 mm) ya fi ƙoƙon wasa na baka. Ya kasance a cikin rabin jikin mutum, yana rarraba shi a cikin rabo na 1: 0.5 - 1: 0.7. A lokacin cire larvae tare da carmine, zaku iya ganin rudiments na gonads a cikin nau'ikan gungun sel kusa da bangarorin ciki na ciki. Jumlolin sun kasance sun yiwa juna aiki. A bango na gaban bango na ciki akwai wani rukuni na sel - ovary da testis. A gabansu sune murfin mahaifa da kuma bututun ejaculatory.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka fada, a matsayin tabbataccen mai shiri O. felipeus An yiwa rijista 33 na dabbobi masu shayarwa da umarni 7. Helminths yana kamuwa da su a cikin ƙwayar cuta da hanta na hanta, ƙasa da sau da yawa a cikin koda. Baya ga O. feline da s metacercariae da yawa daga cikin zuriyar dangi Opisthorchidae ana samun su a cikin tsokoki na kifi, parasitizing a cikin tsarin marita a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsayen ganima da tsuntsayen ruwa.

Metorchis bilis (= albidus) (Hoto 3, 2) - jinsunan da ke da kusanci da lardin O. felipeys. Matsakaicin matsakaitan cysts yayi kadan da na mutanen da suka gabata (daga 0.13x0.19 zuwa 0.16x0.23). Amma, tunda matsakaitattun cysts na wani nau'in sun zo daidai da mafi girman girman wasu, wannan fasalin ba za'a iya ɗaukarsa amintacce ba lokacin da yake bambance su. Inaɗannunnun bakin ciki suna bayyana, yawancin lokuta akwai tazara tsakanin su, wanda a bayyane yake a cikin damfara. An bayyana motsi na tsutsa cikin farjin, amma har yanzu ƙasa da ta O. jelipeys. Triarsheren maɓallin triangular, wanda za'a iya gani da shi azaman microscopy, ya rufe gaban jiki zuwa ƙarshen bayan damtse na ciki. Bwafin ciki yana ɗaukar sama da kashi ɗaya da rabi cikin kashi na baya na jiki. Tsutuwar da aka fitar daga cis-ta ta kai 0.4-0.5 mm a tsayi kuma kusan mm 0.12 a fadin. Makarfin bakin (0.09 mm) ya fi girma cikin ciki (0.06 mm), yana ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi zuwa tsakiyar jiki kuma ya raba shi da rabo 1: 0.6 - 1: 0.3. Maritas suna rayuwa a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa daban-daban (jikoki da dabbobin ruwa kusa da ruwa) da kuma tsuntsayen ganima (buzzards, loonies).

Hoto na 3 - Metacercaria daga ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar kifi na iyali. cyprinids:

1 .- metacercaria opisthorchids a cikin cysts, 2 - metacercaria wanda aka samo daga mafitsara, 3 - metacercaria Rusidocotile illusions (cikin cyst din kuma ba tare da cyst) ba. amma - O. félipeeus, O. viverriпi C. sipensis, b - R. truncatum, c - c M. bilis, d - M. xaptosomus, n - esophagus

Metantchis xanthosomus (= M. tsaka-tsaki) (Hoto 3, 3) ya banbanta da jinsunan da suka gabata a cikin wani sanadi mai kauri bayyananne. A cikin dakin damfara, yana kama da zoben haske mai walƙiya kusa da tsutsa. Girman mafitsin tare da farin kaifi shine 0.23 - 0.32 mm, ba tare da shi ba - 0.15 - 0.24 mm a diamita. Bangaren gaban tsutsa an rufe shi da kashin baya, a bayyane a cikin kwampreso ko da wani lokacin farin ciki. Magungunan bakin ciki da na ciki daidai suke da girman (0.037x0.07-0.067x0.071 mm). Haka tsayin da esophagus.

Bakin ciki na ciki wanda ke aukuwa daga ciki shine mafi yawan jikin a bayan cinyar cinyar ciki. Tsutsa tsaka 0.40-0.86 mm tsayi ne kuma 0.11-0.14 mm fadi.

Hoto na 4 - Girman wasu opisthorchids: 1 - Prunnististist truncatum, 2 - Metorchis bilis (= albidis), 3 - Oristhorchis felipeus (a cewar E. G. Sidorov)

Kwayar cutar tsofaffi suna rayuwa a cikin gall mafitsara da duwatsun hanta na tsuntsayen ruwa (cormorant, pelicans, ducks, da sauransu). Pseudadphistot truncat a cikin halin da ake ciki don bambanta daga O. felipeeus yana da matukar wahala kuma kurakurai suna yiwuwa yayin bayyanin bincike. Girma ya fi girma girma (0.30-0.44x0.24-0.38 mm) ba zai iya zama amintaccen bayani ba, tunda ya dogara da shekarun tsutsa. Haka ya kamata a faɗi game da mafi ƙoshin ruwan maganin ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin nama. Tsawon tsutsa da aka fitar daga kwasfa shine 0.6-0.9 mm, fadin shine 0.16-0.2 mm. Kofuna masu tsotsa suna daidai da girman (0.08-0.1 mm a diamita). Macijin ba ya nan. Alamar ƙarshe tana baka damar rarrabe wannan nau'in daga O.felipeus da M. bilis (= albidus).

Maritas parasitize a cikin mai a cikin gallbladder da bututu na hanta na dabbobi masu shayarwa daban-daban. Musamman tartsatsi a tsakanin hatiman Caspian, mamayewa wanda girmansa zai iya kaiwa ɗaruruwan dubban girgiza.

Mafi kyawun alamun halayen metacercariae na opisthorchids da aka bayyana a sama an ba su a cikin tebur (tebur 2), wanda zai iya taimakawa cikin ƙaddarar farko na larvae.

Baya ga larvae na opisthorchid, metacercariae ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin kifayen da yawa a cikin tsokoki Bucephalus polytorphus da Rindidocotyle na doka п - wakilan dangi Bucephalidae. Siffar fitsarin mafitsarar ciki, kusurwarta kusa (0.27-0.51 x 0.27-0.40), membranes na fili, kasancewar mafitsara mahaɗa - duk wannan tare da duban sakin fuska yana haifar da kama da larva na opisthorchids.