Gogol gama gari | |||||||||
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Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Jariri |
Superfamily: | Anatoidea |
Subfamily: | Real ducks |
Duba: | Gogol gama gari |
Talakawa gol (Latin Bucephala clangula) - tsuntsu mai gidan duck, dabbar da ke da ruwa mai tsaka-tsaki mai girman kai, gajeren baki da bambancin baƙi da fari. An rarraba shi a cikin gandun daji na arewacin hemisphere - duka a Eurasia da kuma a Amurka. Yana da sheƙa a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi a gefen bankunan gandun daji; a cikin lokacin kiwo ana sa shi a cikin inuwa mai duhu, a cikin kama akwai ƙwai 5-13 tare da launin kore mai launin kore. Ba kamar sauran ducks ba, babban garken yana da wuya sosai a cikin lokacin farauta (ban da tarawa a lokacin molting), amma, wani lokacin yakan faru a cikin ƙananan rukunin kungiyoyin warwatse. Masu cin nasara a bakin teku da kuma manyan ruwan magudanan ruwa - koguna, tafkuna da kuma wuraren ajiye ruwa. Duk wuraren kaɗan, amma a wasu wurare tsuntsu talakawa. Ana ciyar da ita akasari akan hanyoyin ruwa.
Bayyanar
Chunky duck tare da babban kai da gajeren wuyansa. Length 42-50 cm, firam 65-80 cm, maza nauyi 750-1245 g, mace nauyi 500-182 g. The kambi ne dan kadan convex da nuna, saboda abin da siffar shugaban daukan kan siffar alwatika. Gefen ya kasance gajere kuma babba a gindi, yana da ƙaramar marigold. Namiji a cikin suturar aure yana da baki mai launin shuɗi mai launin ƙararen ƙarare, zagaye mai farin fari a ido a gindin gemun. Bakan gizo, launin baki. Chest, ciki da tarnaƙi suna farar fari, a kafaɗun fararen fata da fararen fata. Yawancin baya da wutsiya baƙi ne. Fuka-fukaf suna da launin ruwan kasa-baki, ban da babban farin “madubi” akan fikafikan sakandare, ƙirar reshe mai duhu ce. Kafafu sune lemo mai duhu tare da duhu, ciki harda membrane akan yatsun baya.
Mace na gani mara ƙaranci, tare da fifikon inuwa mai launin shuɗi. Shugaban yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da madaidaicin abin wuya. Bakan gizo rawaya ce mai launin shuɗi ko fari, baki mai launin toka ne mai duhu, yawanci yana da ruwan lemo ko launin rawaya a saman. Jiki na sama yana smoky launin toka, ƙananan fararen fata. A saman fikaffi mai launin fata-maraƙi ne, tare da wani farin madubi irin na maza. Bugu da kari, a saman madubi a kanngon akwai wasu karin fararen abubuwa biyu. Kafafu sun lalace idan aka kwatanta da maza - sun fi rawaya ruwan lemo. A cikin kayan bazara, namiji ya zama kamar mace, duk da haka, tana riƙe da tsarin fikafikan nata ɗaya, ba uku, tabo mai haske. Tsuntsayen matasa kusan ba su bambanta da mace girma, amma suna da iris brownish.
Sau da yawa ana samun biyan kuɗi guda biyu waɗanda suka sha bamban da juna gaba ɗaya girman da tsawon gemu: Eurasian B. c. kaɗa da kuma mafi girma Amurka B. c. americana. Sauran marubutan sun gane nau'in a matsayin monotypic, tunda duka biyu suna daɗaɗɗa a wani yanki na yanki, kuma canjin tsayin ginin ana kiransa abin da ake kira "wedge" (a ilmin halitta, gwanayen alamar alama a hankali ke canzawa ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan da suka shafi zahiri da yanayin ƙasa).
Kuri'a
A yayin zanga-zangar ma'aurata, namiji yakan fito da wata karamar huka ta “bi-biizz, abin mamaki”, yawanci yana tare da busasshen busasshen kayan kwalliya da makamantansu. Mace ta amsa tare da creaky “burrr-burrr”, sau da yawa akan tashi - sauti iri ɗaya ne baƙi. Baya ga muryar, ana jin gogol ta cikin muryar manyan kararrun fuskoki na maza yayin tashi. Istiƙar girgizawa halayyar ɗaiyoyi masu yawa ne, amma gogol ne kawai yake da irin wannan sanannen sauti mai sananne.
Matsakaicin yankin
An dauki Arewacin Amurka a matsayin mahaifar gogol, daga inda tsuntsu ya fara zuwa Asiya, sannan ya bazu ko'ina cikin arewacin hemisphere. Yankin kiwo ya mamaye yankin dazuzzukan daji. A kan tsibirin Amurka, tana gida daga Alaska zuwa Newfoundland a kudu kusan iyakar Kanada da Amurka. A Eurasia, da aka rarraba a gabashin Switzerland, jihohin tsohuwar Yugoslavia da Scandinavia, sun isa tsibirin Sakhalin da Iturup a gabas. A cikin kasashen Baltic, Poland, Jamus, Czech Republic da Burtaniya tana faruwa ne ba bisa ƙa'ida ba (alal misali, a cikin Isles na Biritaniya kawai a yankin da ke Caledonian Forest).
Ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin gandun daji na arewa zuwa gabas, ciki har da a cikin ta Siberian taiga. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha yana kusa da kudu zuwa Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, yankuna Ryazan, a Kazakhstan kudu zuwa bakin Ileak, gabas a arewacin kasar har zuwa 53 ° C. n., gaba gabas zuwa kudu a kwarin Irtysh zuwa tafkin Zaysan, inda iyakar iyaka ta wuce yankin kwarin Black Irtysh, dutsen Tannu-Ola, kwarin kwarin Jida da Chikoi. Bayan haka, kan iyakar da ke kan iyaka ta shiga arewa maso gabashin China, daga nan kuma ta sake fadawa kan iyakokin Rasha a yankin Kogin Bolshaya Ussurka.
Hijira
A mafi yawancin kewayon, tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, masu yawan zaman kansu an yi su ne kawai a arewa maso yammacin Turai. A wasu halayen, yakan ɓoye kudu da yamma na kewayon kiwo a cikin yankin da ke cikin garken ruwa, manyan tafkuna, koguna, da wuraren ajiye ruwa. Yawan mazaunan yankuna na arewacin sun fi karkata zuwa tekun. Yawancin tsuntsayen Arewacin Turai suna yin hunturu a Tekun Baltic, a Tekun Arewa a bakin tekun Denmark, da Netherlands da kuma Burtaniya, a gefen tekun Ireland. Daga mafi yankuna na kudanci, kazalika daga yankin Turai na Rasha, tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa gabashin Adriatic, zuwa gabar Girka da kuma Tekun Bahar Maliya, daga Yammacin Siberiya zuwa Caspian. Kari akan haka, wani bangare na tsuntsayen ya mamaye manyan ruwaye a Yammacin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai. A Gabas ta Tsakiya, wuraren hunturu suna kan wuraren da ba a yin kankara a teku daga Kamchatka zuwa China, Taiwan da tsibirin Japan. A Arewacin Amurka, tsuntsaye suna yin farauta a gabar yamma da gabashin teku, a cikin Tekun Mexico, da kuma a Kwarin Kogin Mississippi zuwa arewa zuwa yankin Manyan Tabkuna.
Habitat
Nesting biotope babban tabkuna ne na gandun daji, kogunan taiga masu natsuwa tare da ciyayi masu ban ruwa tare da bankunan (tsuntsun da kansa ya sami damar nutse har zuwa 10 m, amma ba a yawanci samunsa a cikin tafki . A cikin hunturu yakan tsaya a teku, yawanci a cikin mayuka, lagoons kusa da tsaunukan dutse da kantuna, a kusa da manyan koguna, a kudu na kewayon manyan sassan ruwa na cikin ruwa tare da ruwa mai sanyi.
Kiwo
Ya kai ga balaga tun yana dan shekara biyu. Nau'i suna yin nau'i biyu ko da a cikin yanayin ƙaura hunturu, kodayake, tunda maza da mata sau da yawa hunturu a cikin wurare daban-daban, yawancin mutane suna zama su kadai har zuwa farkon ƙaurawar bazara. Gogols ta zo wuraren kiwo a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a cikin kananan rukuni, da wuri, lokacin da yawancin sassan jikin ruwa har yanzu suna rufe kankara kuma kawai wuraren farko da aka daskarewa sun bayyana - a yawancin kewayon a cikin Maris. Har sai an buɗe wuraren ajiyar bango, gogol ya zauna cikin dabbobin ruwan kankara ko kuma a cikin tsintsiya. Bayan isowa, turawan suna gudana kuma suna nunawa a yanayin nunawa, mafi girman halayen mutum akan ruwa shine kamar haka: namiji ya shimfiɗa wuyansa a gaba, sannan ya jingina kansa da baya kuma ya ɗaga bakinsa zuwa sama, yayin da yake matse shi da ƙarfi tare da ƙafafunsa, yana ɗibar da maɓuɓɓugon ruwan.
Bishiyoyi cikin nau'i-nau'i daga fara a watan Afrilu ko Mayu. A gida shirya a cikin hollows bishiyoyi a tsawon 15 m sama da ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba da nisa da ruwa. Yana amfani da voids na halitta a cikin kututtukan Aspen, spruce, itacen oak, Pine da ƙasa da Birch, da yardar rai ya mallaki tsoffin buɗaɗɗen rawaya da kuma katako na wucin gadi da aka dakatar akan bishiyoyi da dogayen sanda. Ya fi son bishiyoyi a tsaye-wuri guda tare da sarari a kewayen, maimakon tsaftataccen gandun daji. A lokuta da dama, yakan zauna a ƙasa, inda yake mallake abubuwan ƙyamare, ɓacin rai na kututture ko ɓoye wani gida tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi ko kwastomomin log. Idan yanayi ya ƙare kuma babu matsala ta ɗan adam, to, yana da hurci a ƙauyuka kusa da gidaje ko kuma gefen hanyoyi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan gida tsawon shekarun da suka gabata, wanda ya hada da shekaru da yawa a jere ta hanyar mata ɗaya. Bangaren da ke kusa da gida ba'a tsare shi ba, amma kowane ma'aurata suna da sashen sa daban na yankin ruwan. Lashin ƙasa ƙuraren itace ne wanda mace tayi matsi da ƙarancin kwarjini, haka kuma ƙwayar da dabbar ta tuka daga kirjin ta kuma ƙara ƙarawa a cikin gida bayan ta sanya ƙwai na farko.
A cikin ɓoyayyen akwai 5-13 brownish-koren kore-mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, amma, mafi yawan lokuta adadinsu ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 11. Wani lokaci ana sanya ducks biyu a cikin gida guda, kuma a wannan yanayin kama yana iya ƙaruwa zuwa ƙwai 20 ko fiye. A irin wannan yanayin, mazaunin yakan kasance gaba daya ba tare da kulawa ba kuma zuriyarsu duka suna mutuwa. Qwai girma ne: girmansu (52-67) x (39- 46) mm. Chingyakin fata yana farawa da kwanciya da ƙwayayen ƙarshe kuma zaiyi kwanaki 29-30, mace ɗaya ta zauna. Da farko, tana barin gida daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma tana tafiya na dogon lokaci don neman abinci, yana rufe ƙwai da ƙasa, amma a cikin kwanaki 10 na ƙarshe tana saka hankali sosai. Drake yana kusa da gida don kwanaki 7-9 na farko, bayan haka ya bar ta har abada kuma ya tashi zuwa wuraren yin molting na yanayi. Kawunan da aka haife su an lullube su da saman baki, a ƙasa fari. Da rana, sai su bushe a cikin gida, daga nan kuma sai suyi tsalle ƙasa, suka shimfiɗa fikafikansu kamar mai fita, su bi mahaifiyarsu ga ruwa. 'Ya'yan sati biyu da ke haihuwa sun riga sun tsallake rijiya da baya, suna ciyar da kansu kuma galibi ana basu tallafi, kodayake karfin tashi yana nuna yana da shekaru 57-65 ne kawai. Kajin da suka tashi zuwa reshe (a arewa maso yammacin Rasha wannan yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin kwanakin farko na watan Agusta) a hankali yayi ƙaura zuwa gaɓoɓin ruwa, kuma a cikin watan Satumba-Oktoba, ƙaura mai yawa zuwa wuraren hunturu yana faruwa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Yana ciyarwa a saman ruwa mai ruwa, wanda yake cinma galibi akan ƙasan ko a tsire-tsire na ruwa, ƙarancin lokaci a cikin ruwan ruwa. Yana rayuwa akan ruwa a mafi yawan lokaci, ya kai zurfin mita 4 ko fiye da haka kuma yana cin fiye da rabin minti a ƙarƙashin ruwa. A lokacin rani, abincin ya dogara da kwari da kuma larvae - ƙwararrun caddis, kwari na jini, kwari, kwari, kwari, da sauransu, A cikin hunturu, suna cin ƙarin kifin kifin da ɓacin rai. Hakanan yana ciyarwa akan tsutsotsi na duniya, amphibians da ƙananan kifi, a cikin fall a cikin adadi kaɗan ta tsaba, Tushen da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu ruwa.
Halaye da mazaunin tsuntsun Gogol
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya Gogol tsuntsu yana nufin ga ruwa ducks, tare da tsawon jikin mutum har zuwa 0,5 m, taro mai nauyin 1.3 a cikin maza, kuma kilogiram 0.9 a cikin mata da fuka-fuki na 0.7-0.8 m. canzawa gwargwadon yanayi da al'aura. Namijin wannan tsuntsun yana ɗayan ɗayan mafi kyawu a cikin gidan ducks. Ba kamar mace ba, tana da inuwa mai launin toka tare da ɗan haske da ƙasan launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin hoton ɗan tsuntsun Gogol
Jikinsa ya lullube da rigar jini, wanda baƙar fata ne fari da fari a ƙasa, kansa ma ya baki da shuɗi mai haske, da ƙaramin kumatun fari da baki. Ya danganta da girman da tsawon beak, gogol shine Eurasiyya da tallafin Amurka. Tunda mazaunin sa ya wadatar sosai, ana iya ganin wannan duck a Arewacin Amurka (idan aka yi la’akari da wurin da tsuntsu ya kasance), a Turai da Asiya.
A kan filayen Amurka ana iya samun sa a Alaska, har ma kusa da kan iyakar Kanada, da kan Eurasian - a gabashin Switzerland, Scandinavia, Yugoslavia, har ma a Sakhalin. Kuma, alal misali, a cikin ƙasashen Great Britain gogol sigar rare tsuntsutunda ana iya samun sa a cikin dazuzzukan Caledonian.
Tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura, saboda haka, don lokacin hunturu, yakan tashi zuwa wasu yankuna na yamma ko na kudu daga asalin mazauninsa. Yawancin waɗannan yankunan sune Denmark, Netherlands da Ireland.
Halin hali da salon rayuwar tsuntsayen gogol
Yana nests, yafi a cikin coniferous gandun daji kusa da dama ba ma zurfin Wuraren da swamps. Furanninsu suna cikin zurfin bishiyoyi, saboda haka ana kiran waɗannan tsintsayen "hollows". Haka kuma, wadannan duwatsun ba sa yin gidajen kansu sai kawai su sami ramuka wofi.
Mafi mashahuri tsakanin ducks sune bishiyoyi masu ɗaukar hoto waɗanda suke da filaye da yawa kyauta, kuma ba haɓaka. Akwai lokuta na yawan hareanyen '' kumb '' ko kukan dunƙulen hannu, amma suna da wuya.
Tunda wannan fasalin yakan haifar da matsaloli wajen neman wurin zama, to wadannan tsuntsayen suna da matukar tayar da hankali a yanayin su kuma zasu iya kai hari ga wanda ya keta dokar ta mallaka.
Asali da mazauni
Tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in sun zama ruwan dare a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe da rami na arewacin hemisphere, suna zaune a cikin tsaftataccen ruwan tabkuna, tafkuna da koguna na Arewacin Amurka (wanda aka yi la'akari da wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in), Kanada, arewacin Rasha, Scandinavia da jihohin Baltic. A lokacin kiwo, suna buƙatar manyan itaciya, masu ƙoshin itace don farauta kusa da tafkuna da koguna. A cikin lokutan hunturu sun gwammace su zauna a kan teku, a cikin ƙasa, ingantaccen kariya daga iska mai amfani da ruwan kankara, amma kuma akan koguna da tabkuna.
Rayuwa da lokacin ta
Ana la'akari da Duck gogol tsuntsu mai ƙauna, tunda mafi yawan jama'a suna tashi zuwa yankuna na kudu don hunturu, kuma a wasu ƙasashe na turai dabbobin duniya kawai ke jagoranci yanayin rayuwa. Tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura a cikin ƙananan garken mutane 15-20, kuma ƙaura tana faruwa ne a cikin dare da safe.
Lokacin ƙaura don duwatsun gogol yana farawa a tsakiyar kaka (ƙarshen Satumba - Oktoba), kuma ducks ɗin sun dawo a farkon watan Fabrairu, lokacin da ake lura da narkewar farko a kan koguna da tafkunan. A karshen watan Afrilu, wakilan masu irin wannan za'a iya samun su a yankuna na arewacin mazauninsu.
Don yin farauta, tsuntsaye kan zabi manyan bishiyoyi masu tsayi har zuwa mita 15, kuma suna iya yin zama a cikin ramuka da kuma rami na zazzabi na itacen oak, itacen oak ko Birch, ko cikin rami na wucin gadi. Abin da ya sa masu sa ido na tsuntsaye suka ba wa tsuntsaye sunan wani - Duplenki. Gida da kanta hutu ne, gindinsa wanda zai iya zama kwakwalwan itace, foliage ko kayan gini na gida. Lessarancin yau da kullun, tsuntsaye suna yin ciyawa a cikin ciyawa, ramuka zomo, a cikin sarari tsakanin betweenan itace da bishiyoyi.
Clutch yawanci ya ƙunshi qwai 7-10 na zaitun-koren koren launi mai launin shuɗi, wanda mace take ƙin kanta tsawon kwanaki 30. Wani lokacin yakan faru da cewa mace biyu suna sanya ƙwai a cikin gida guda, wanda a cikin zuriyarsa ke wanzuwa har ya mutu, kamar yadda ya kasance ba tare da kulawar tsuntsayen biyu ba.
Bayan an haife su, kajin sun bushe kuma bayan kwana guda sun tashi daga cikin gida don zuwa tafki na mace. Yana dan shekara biyu da dama, ducklings sun riga sun iya nutsewa kuma su sami abincin nasu, kodayake suna iya tashi ne kawai da shekaru 1.5-2.
Tsawon rayuwar tsuntsaye shine shekaru 5-7 kuma ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban: tasirin mutum da maƙiyan halitta, yanayin yanayi, da yanayin muhalli a cikin muhalli.
Bayanin da fasali
Gogol tsuntsu nasa ne daga ducks ruwa duwatsun masana, ya kai tsawon jiki na 46 cm tare da nauyin 1.1 kg, karamin iri-iri yana da yawan da basu wuce 450 g ba, dukda cewa akwai kuma tsuntsayen mutane masu nauyin 2 kilogram.
A kan jikin gogol na tsaye a saman babban kusurwa uku tare da nuna kambi da kaifi mai kaifi, fadi a gindi da kuma matsewa daga bakin. A lokaci guda, wuyan ma'auni ne na ducks - mara girma kuma gajarta.
Launin ducks na maza yana da bambanci: a cikin lokacin mating, maza Gogol tsuntsaye a cikin hoto ya yi kama da solemn, cikin ɓoyayyen ɗan maraƙi a kai ya sami ƙaramin ƙarfe mai launin kore, farar farin tabo na yau da kullun zagaye yana bayyana a gindin baki. Har ila yau idanun sun canza - iris ya zama mai haske mai launin rawaya, launi na baki yana duhu.
Ciki, flanks da nono na tsuntsu suna da daskararren dusar kankara, an kawata kafada da bra na wasu gashin baki da fari.Baya, kamar wutsiya, baƙar fata ce, amma fuka-fukan an fentin baƙi da launin ruwan kasa. Paws na Orange suna da muryoyin launin ruwan kasa masu duhu waɗanda suke taimaka wa tsuntsu ya tsaya a ƙafafunsa da tabbaci.
Matar ba ta da haske sosai: ƙwayoyin jikinta ba su da bambanci mai ma'ana, jikinta launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa, kai da launin ruwan kasa da fari tare da farin zobba na gashin fuka-fukai suna tsayawa a kan tushen sa. Sukan fikafikan maza da mata kusan iri ɗaya ne, kuma a lokacin bazara, lokacin da maza suka rasa haske na ɗimbin haske, zai zama da wahala a rarrabe tsuntsaye daban-daban.
Gogol tsuntsu ne mai wuya duk da haka, a dabi'a akwai nau'ikan waɗannan ducks guda uku, suna bambanta cikin girman jikin mutum:
- talakawa mafi yawanci ana samun su a cikin mazaunan dabi'a. Launi yana bambanta, ya bambanta ga maza da mata kuma ya dogara da lokacin: a cikin bazara, drake ya zama mai haske, ta haka yana jan duck. Bayan lokacin kiwo, ya yi tsalle kuma ya zama zai bambanta sosai da mace. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wasu masana kimiyya sun bambanta biyu na gogol na kowa - Ba'amurke da Eurasian, suna la'akari da nauyi da girman beak ya zama fasali bayyananne. Koyaya, ana bambance irin wannan bambance-bambance a hukumance kawai tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, kuma nau'in halittar monotypic,
- karami mai kama da wakilin talakawa na ɗan adam, amma yana da ƙima da girma. Maza na baya baki ne, ciki da gefan farare ne, farar mace tana da launin toka-toka, ba ta da ma'ana, tare da turanci mai launin shuɗi.
- Icelandic mai kama da talakawa, tsuntsaye daban-daban na jima'i da shekaru a waje da lokacin kiwo ba su da bambanci. Tare da farkon bazara, Icelander ta canza launi: gashin fuka-fukin launin shuɗi ya bayyana akan kai, kuma sigar kusurwarta uku ta fi rarrabe ta wurin farin fari da gefunan da aka zagaye. Gashin ruwan lemo ya yi duhu kuma ya koma launin baƙi.
Mazan kowane nau'in sun fi mace girma, kuma reshen reshe na tsuntsu ya kai cm 85. An kiyaye Gogol akan ruwa kuma yana iyo da sauri, amma a cikin ƙasa yana da jinkirin.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Gogol tsuntsu ne wanda yake jujjuyawa, yana ƙin kudu ko kudu maso yamma na inda ake son juna, yana fifita iyakar tekuna ko manyan jikin ruwa. Amma ga kungiyar duck nests, gandun daji coniferous ana yawanci zaba, duk da haka, su kuma za a iya samu a deciduous plantations na Turai da Asiya, kananan yawa zaune a Arewacin Amirka.
Yankin arewa maso yamma na Turai ya zama wani wuri na zaman kashe wando ga wasu wakilan nau'in. Nau'in tsuntsayen Icelandic yana kusa da koguna, tafkuna da gandun daji na Iceland da Greenland. Ana samun wasu daidaikun mutane a arewa maso yammacin Amurka da Labrador.
Smallarami gogol zaune kawai a arewacin sashen Arewacin Amurka, a cikin hunturu yana motsawa tare da babban yankin shine yafi zuwa Mexico. Sanya a kusa da kananan jikkunan ruwa na ruwa, guje wa wuraren buɗe tundra.
Wani wuri da aka fi so don yin farauta shine tsohon rami a cikin akwati, saboda haka a cikin mutane gama gari ana kiran sa hollows, amma tsuntsu baya tsoma baki daga zama cikin dabbobin dabba. Ducks na iya shirya shimfidar wuraren hawa a tsawan tsawan tsawan mita 15, amma wannan ya ba shi wahala wajen horar da zuriya.
Mace ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba ta gangara zuwa ƙasa kuma, kasancewarta kusa da itaciyar, ta kira kajin. Duan ƙaramin ducklings yayi tsalle daga cikin gida kuma yayi shiri akan fikafikai, saukowa akan gado mai laushi na allura ko gansakuka.
Gogol yana da halin tashin hankali kuma yana kai hari ga wanda ke kusa da gida. A lokacin matsewa, tsuntsaye suna magana da kansu tare da kuka na musamman, waɗanda galibi suna kuskure don ciyar da ƙanƙantar gona.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
- Iarfin zinari na idanun gogol, a bayyane yake ga banbancin launin kai, ya ba duck sunan talakawa lacewing a cikin Turanci.
- A cikin 80s na ƙarni na karshe, an jera gogol a cikin littafin Red saboda ƙaramin lambarta, amma ba a adana yawan jama'arta ba, har ma ya ƙaru ta hanyar kiwo cikin yanayin halitta.
- Gogol tsuntsu ne na kyauta, a cikin gonaki inda ake kiwo, duwatsun an ware su daga wasu tsuntsayen kuma, in ya yiwu, suna sarrafa kansa ta hanyar ciyarwa da kulawa da su, tunda tsuntsaye ba sa son sa hannun ɗan adam a rayuwarsu, an rage tsawon lokacin da yake cikin bauta zuwa shekaru 5-7. Ee, kuma ba za a iya kiran abun da Gogol ya kasance mai sauƙi ba - yana buƙatar samun damar mara iyaka zuwa ruwa, ƙananan pebbles mai santsi da yashi. Ana ciyar da duwatsun cikin gida, sabbin nau'ikan buckwheat da ganyen sha'ir, a cikin ruwa a hankali.
- 'Yan matan da ke da wuya sosai sun iya ficewa daga wani gida da suke da nisan tsayi har zuwa mita 15, suna bin mahaifiyarsu kuma ba a ji musu rauni ba kwata-kwata.
- Wani lokacin namiji yana kusa da gida 5-8 kwanaki bayan sanya ƙwai da mace, yana kare kawai daga zuriyar nan gaba, amma ba ya shiga cikin ƙyamar kuma ba ya kawo abincin duck.
Gogol Hunt
Yawancin lokaci, farautar ducks ducks yana farawa a cikin fall kuma yana ci gaba har sai lokacin bazara, lokacin da lokacin farauta ya fara a cikin tsuntsaye. Koyaya, gogol shine togiya: naman sa bashi da ƙanshi kuma yaji ƙanshi na kifi, kuma nauyi bayan an girka shi ƙanƙane - wasu lokuta 250-300 grams, saboda mafarautan basa son tsuntsaye.
Idan duck na wannan nau'in yana ci, to, gawa ta kasance an tsabtace fata da ƙoshin kitse, wanda aka soya cikin marinade na akalla kwana ɗaya, sannan stewed ko gasashe a kan wuta - miya daga gogol ya juya ya zama mai ɗanɗano kuma mai maiko sosai. Amma ƙasa da gashin tsuntsu na waɗannan ducks suna da laushi da taushi, musamman ma a cikin bazara, don haka akwai masoya don harba gogol.
Mata Gogol tsuntsaye a bazara kariya daga kisa - ana ba da izinin farauta ne kawai a bakin ruwa, amma an hana ducks kai har ma da tsoratarwa, saboda suna kyankyasar kwai, don haka matsawa zuwa wuraren da ake farautarsu ya kamata ya faru da bindiga mai sheathed
Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana amfani da ducks na kayan ado don farautar gogol - suna jan hankalin mazan da suka fito daga cikin ɓoyayyiyar itace da suka faɗo cikin fagen kallon mafarauta waɗanda ke cikin kwale-kwalen da ke kusa da baya.
Daga cikin tsoffin 'yan Slavia, ana daukar googly rut wani nau'i na kamun kifi - ya ƙunshi tattara abubuwan ƙoshin lafiya da ƙwai a cikin wuraren da ake haihuwar mata. Qwai suna da yawa, galibi suna da yolks biyu kuma sun dace sosai ga abinci, amma masana harkar abinci basa bada shawarar cin su saboda yawan adadin kuzari.
Kyakkyawan duhun ruwa na Gogol ya kasance koyaushe ga ban sha'awa ga masanan ilmantarwa, halayyar sa baƙuwa da ba ta dace ba dangane da maƙwabta mafi kusa da su da kuma halayen uman Adam na jan ragamar maza.
Wani lokaci da suka gabata, saboda shahararrun tsuntsayen tarkace na wannan nau'in, sun kasance a ƙarshen ƙarshen, duk da haka, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar masana kimiyya daga ƙasashen CIS, yana yiwuwa a maido da yawan Gogol. A Belarus, a cikin 2016, wannan duck ɗin ya karɓi kyauta a cikin nadin "Bird of the Year", a wannan karon an yi hatimin tambura kuma aka yanka tsabar tsabar kuɗi da ke nuna gogol, kuma nemansa yayi ƙarancin iyaka.
Abubuwan siffofi da kuma yanayin bayyanar
Duck gogol an yi imani da cewa tsuntsu ne na Arewacin Amurka. Koyaya, wannan gaskiyar baza a iya kafa tabbatacce ba. Abinda shine cewa godiya ga labarun tarihi, ana iya tabbatar da cewa tsuntsaye na Gogol suma an shayar dasu a cikin ƙasa ta kasancewar sau ɗaya na Kievan Rus. An daraja su don ƙwanƙwasawa kuma an sake su kusan ko'ina.
Tuni a cikin 80s na karni na XX, duck Gogol ya zama wata hanyar da ba a taɓa samu ba saboda ƙaramin lambarsa. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Rubutu. A wannan lokacin, mahimmancin rawar an taka ta hanyar aikin shayarwa, wanda ya yi babban aiki mai niyyar haɓaka yawan tsuntsaye. Godiya ga wannan, a yau muna iya ganin duwatsun Gogol a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na Rasha da yawa.
Amma ga bayanin waje na tsuntsu, ya kamata a lura cewa yana iya bambanta dangane da kuɗin ɗakin duck ɗin. Gogol shine mafi yawancin lokuta ana kasu kashi biyu kananan: Eurasian da Amurka.
Waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin yanayin mazauninsu ba, har ma a cikin wasu halaye, musamman, a girman: Amurkawa sun fi ta takwarorinta Eurasiyya yawa.
Baya ga yanayi da mazauninsu, girman tsuntsayen na iya dogara da wasu dalilai, misali, kakar. Mata da maza ma sun bambanta cikin nauyi: tsoffin sun fi ƙaranci cikin yanayin taro. Gabaɗaya, jikin gogol yayi ƙanƙan da yawa kuma yana iya zama kusan santimita 50 a tsayi (ƙaramin adadi shine santimita 30). Fuka fukafukan suna da girma sosai kuma suna iya ɗaukar kimanin santimita 90 a ko'ina.
Idan muka kwatanta nauyin ƙasashen Eurasi da na Amurka, za mu iya kawo misalai masu zuwa: a cikin kaka, Baƙin Eurasi bai wuce gram 900 a nauyi ba, yayin da Ba’amurke zai iya yin awo sama da kilo 1.2.
Siffar tsuntsu na gogol mai zagaye ce kuma tayi nuni, a gwargwadonsa tayi daidai gwargwado. Wuya ba ta da tsawo sosai, kuma bek din ya kasance mai fadi da gajarta. Yawancin lokaci ana fentin baƙar fata kuma yana da ambaliya mara kyau. Bugu da kari, beak ya durƙusa. Kafafu sun yi gajarta, a kafafu kuma akwai fata mai launin fata waɗanda aka zana launin shuɗi da ruwan tabarau.
Ba wanda zai iya ambaci launi mai ban mamaki na waɗannan tsuntsayen. An bambanta irin Gogol ta launuka masu launuka daban-daban. Ana kiran wannan halayen musamman lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: sanannen magana "tafiya tsirara", wanda ya rigaya ya zama jumlar magana, ya faru dangane da halayyar ɗabi'ar wannan nau'in. Abinda yai shine tsuntsu yanada wata dabi'a wacce take motsawa akan tudu - duck din yayi jifa da kan sa yana tafiya a hankali yana tafiya a hankali.
Habitat
Idan muka juya ga bayanan tarihi, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa a karon farko tsuntsaye na Gogol, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, an samo su ne a Arewacin Amurka. Koyaya, sannu a hankali sunyi ƙaura tare da faɗaɗa mazaunin su. Don haka, ana iya samun ducks a gefen iyakar Asiya, har ma a cikin gandun daji na Eurasia.
Da yake magana game da ƙididdiga, mutum ba zai iya lura da gaskiyar cewa a cikin 2000, fiye da 700,000 nau'i-nau'i na duwatsun Gogol an rubuta su a cikin Eurasia.
Idan muka yi magana game da yankin kasarmu, to za a iya ganin yawan tsuntsayen Gogol a cikin irin wadannan yankunan:
- Cibiyar ta Tarayyar Rasha
- Yankin Moscow
- Tsibirin Kuril
- Kola Peninsula
- Siberiya,
- Kamchatka
Bayan haka, wadannan duwatsun ba su da zama a cikin yanki daya na dindindin; akasin haka, tsuntsaye suna da matukar ƙaura ga ƙaura. A lokacin sanyi, kamar yadda suka saba, suna zuwa kudu ko yamma. Musamman, ana iya samunsu a jikin ruwa na ƙasashe kamar su Denmark, Holland, Biritaniya, da sauransu.
Wannan lokacin na 'sake zama' galibi yakan fadi ne a watan Agusta-Oktoba, kuma tsuntsaye su koma mazauninsu a farkon bazara.
Bayanin:
Duck mai matsakaici mai girman kai (tsayin jiki har zuwa santimita 46, nauyi kusan kilo 1.1). Shugaban yana da girma, ya zagaye shi da babban baki na launin toka a gindi tare da “takalmin”, wuya ya gajarta da bakin ciki. Namiji cikin fararen kayan bikin aure launuka tare da baki baƙith, baki kai tare da kore mai farin ƙarfe tint da rawaya paws. Kowane reshe yana da babban farin madubi wacce aka raba ta farin farin transpe. Tsakanin baki da ido babban farin tabo. Kamar kowane ducks ruwa, yana da low saukowa kan ruwa da wutsiya saukar a cikin ruwa.
A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, an maye gurbin dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta hanyar zare da launin shuɗi kamar na mace. Idanu a cikin manya suna da rawaya mai haske, a cikin samari mutane masu launin duhu. Matar tana da launin toka da launin ruwan kasa, farin ciki da abin wuya. A cikin jirgin, Gogol's fike fuka-fukan sautin sautin ringi, mai tsabta kuma mafi son kai fiye da sauran nau'in duck.
Gallery: tsuntsu - gogol gama gari (25 hotuna)
Habitat:
Yana zaune a cikin koguna mai zurfi da kuma gefen koguna, cike tare da tsohuwar itacen oak ko aspens tare da manyan ramuka, saboda haka wani lokaci mutane ke kira shi DUPLYANKA. Ba picky da kõme tsuntsu, lokacin zabar wani wuri don farauta, a yanayin sa'ilin da ya kasa samun ramin da ya dace, ya zauna cikin burushin dabbobi ko kuma man da aka yi da wucin gadi (crates - googlyatniki).
Gidaje na wucin gadi, an rataye shi a tsawan mita 3-5 kusa da ruwa, na iya jan hankalin tsuntsayen su kan farauta, a cikin raye-raye da gandun daji kwantar da hankali wannan tsuntsu a yankin.
Nesting da kiwo:
Ana iya kiran jirgin Gogol mai sauri da ɗaukar hankali. Yayin jirgin, ana ajiye shi galibi a cikin nau'i biyu ko a cikin kananan rukuni. Ma'aurata suna ɗaukar hoto a cikin hunturu ko lokacin bazara, yayin jirgin zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali. Zuwansa a farkon watan Afrilu a wurin da ake yin farauta, kyakkyawan tsari na dabbar ta hanyar canjin ya fara - namiji akan ruwa nuna a fili fuka-fukai, shimfida wutsiyarsa, jefa kansa baya tare da girgiza shi gaba da baya, yayin da yake motsawa da kafafun sa, yana motsa jikin gaba, yana ɗaga maɓuɓɓugar ruwan marmaro.
Gida yana wani lokaci a wani tsayi mai tsayi a cikin kogon bishiya. Bottomasan ramin yana daure da yalwa mai laushi, an fitar dashi daga ƙirjin mace da ƙurar itace. Clutching yana farawa a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, wanda ya tashi daga 5 zuwa 12 manyan qwai na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Estaya daga cikin gida don saka qwai za a iya raba ta da uwaye da yawa - gogolushki. Tsarin yatsan yana wucewa daga kwanaki 27 zuwa 30, kuma kwana daya bayan haka, bayan kajin suka fara bushewa da bushewa da wutsiya, sai su buga mara tsoro daga m zuwa rami, wani lokacin daga tsayin mita 15 kawai suna yada fikafikan da kafaffun kafa. Husky quading mace, yana tashi a kusa da gida, yana tattara ciyawar sa a cikin ciyawa kuma ya kai shi ga ruwa.
Fure kajin na baki ne da fararen tabo. Farkon tashin kajin suna yi lokacin da suka yi wata 2. Jaket ɗin Gogol na da kyau kwarai da gaske - suna iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa minti 2. Balaga da jima'i na tsuntsu yana faruwa a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa mai 'yanci.
A cikin maza, bayan lokacin mating ya ƙare kuma mace ta fara yin kwai, ƙwanƙwasa tana farawa. A watan Yuli, sukan taru a garken, wanda wani lokacin adadin daruruwan mutane ne, kuma suna ƙaura zuwa wuraren da suka dace don yin ƙaura lokacin.
Yaɗa:
Yankin gidan tsuntsayen zamani na gidan tsuntsayen yana ko'ina cikin arewacin hemisphere daga Arewacin Amurka zuwa Eurasia. A cikin hunturu suna yin ƙaura zuwa kudu da yamma daga wuraren da aka samo asali. Babban wuraren yin hunturu suna kan tafkunan gabar tekun Atlantika da kogunan da ba a daskarewa a Yammacin Turai, gabar Sweden, Finland da Denmark.
Nest a cikin Rasha:
Ta hanyar ƙasar Rasha ta wuce iyakar arewa da rarraba ta, ana samun gogol gama gari a arewa na ta Siberian taiga fara daga Kola Peninsula da arewacin yankin Arkhangelsk - a kan kogin Ob da Yenisei har zuwa Kamchatka kanta. Yana da kullun a kai a cikin Yaroslavl, Ryazan, da Nizhny Novgorod (a cikin babban rafi na Volga, Kama, da White kogunan). Masassarar tsuntsaye a bakin Tekun Caspian ta Kudu, Tekun Bahar Maliya, Urals ta Kudun, da Altai. Bar wuraren hutawa a watan Satumba - Oktoba.
Abubuwa 9 masu ban sha'awa:
- “Googol tafiya” - tunda kafafuwan wannan tsuntsu suna kusa da wutsiya kuma an tsara su ne ta rayuwa gaba daya akan ruwa, amma da wuya qasa ta fara yin iska. Ya yi birgima a takaice akan kafafun kafaffun kafaɗun, yana tafe kirjinsa a gaba, da alfahari ya jefa kansa baya - wannan ƙyalli mai ban dariya ya zama dalilin kwatanta duck da mutumin da ke tafiya da mahimmanci.
- Tsuntsu mai bacci ne mai yawan kwana biyu wanda "matsalar mahalli" ita ce matsalar mai lamba daya, kullun yana cikin jerin "bukatun bukatun gidaje". Yawan tsuntsaye masu farauta suna iya faduwa sosai sakamakon faduwa tsohuwar gandun daji.
- Don nesting yana ɗaukar manyan biyun, masu shinge daga ciki.
- An rarraba duk yankin tafkin tsakanin gogol broods na kimanin kimanin 2-3 na nesting na mace a kowace murabba'in kilomita 1 na saman ruwa. Dangane da baƙi, tsuntsu mai saurin fushi ne, yana nuna wata iyakar iyaka ta yankinsa kuma da wuya ya keta ta. Lokacin da wasu biyu suka bayyana ke bibiyar masu fafatawa, tilasta su su yi “hijira” zuwa wasu jikkunan ruwa.
- daya daga cikin nau'ikan 27 na ducks ruwa a Rasha.
- Gogolini na kowa ba shine tsuntsu ba farauta saboda ƙarancin dandano na nama, amma, daga zamanin da, ana yaba gogolini mai taushi da dumi. Kakanninmu na Slavs suna da nau'in filayen kamun kifi - maza, ban da fluff, wanda nogogolitsy ya yi layi a kan sheƙansu, tattara ƙamshin gogolina.
- A cikin Jamhuriyar Belarus an ba da gogol talakawa taken "Bird na 2016". A wannan bikin, an bayar da tsabar kudi na baƙin ƙarfe da jan karfe na tagulla, kan sarki, da kuma enc en enemes wanda ke nuna tsuntsu. Masu koyar da kayan ado na Belarusia sun kafa wa kansu maƙasudin ƙara yawan adadin wuraren shaƙatawa kuma, gwargwadon haka, yawan adadin Gogol da duwatsun da aka kawo daga gare su.
- Shahararrun shahararrun bayanai kuma masana aikin kwalliya, bisa ga sakamakon bandeji, ragin rayuwa shine shekaru 14,
Sunan Amurka na wannan nau'in duck na daji shine "Commonon Goldeneye", wanda aka fassara daga Turanci a matsayin "Gwanin Zinare".
Yadda za a jawo hankalin Gogol ducks zuwa gida
Sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, yawan wannan nau'in yana raguwa koyaushe, don haka tambayar kayan aikin ramuka ta wucin gadi don jan hankalin tsuntsaye da zama jinƙai ya zama mai matukar muhimmanci.
Abu ne mai sauqi ka gina gida, akwati ne har zuwa santimita 60, tsayi 25 cm. Ganuwar ta kasance aƙalla 2 cm lokacin farin ciki da diamita na daraja 10 cm. Dole ne a rufe kasan akwatin tare da lokacin farin ciki na fure ko ganye. Irin waɗannan ramuka kuma ana kiranta gogolyatniki. Don sasantawa daga wuraren zama, ya kamata a rataye su akan bishiyoyi kusa da tafki, kuma yakamata a bayyane kuma a bayyane ga tsuntsayen daga ruwa.
Siffofin abinci
Abincin Gogol hankula ne ga duk mambobin gidan duck. Waɗannan tsuntsayen iri-iri ne, masu farauta, suna samun mafi yawan abincinsu daga ƙasa ko daga ruwa: waɗannan na iya zama ɓawon burodi, ƙananan kifaye, kwaɗi, danshin ƙyallen, ɓarna, da ɓarna. Ducks kuma iya cin abincin shuka - tsaba, hatsi, Tushen, mai tushe da algae daban-daban. A lokacin rani, abincin ya dogara da kwari: dodon daji, kwari, kwari, kwari, kwari.
A cikin sharuddan kashi, abincinsu kamar haka:
- 32% sune crustaceans
- 28% - kwari na ruwa,
- 10% - mollusks,
- 30% - wasu abinci (kayan lambu).
Tun lokacin da gogol ya kasance na ruwa na zahiri, babban yanayin samun nasarar zaman sa na bauta shine kasancewar babban tafki da bishiyoyi kusa da shi. Idan babu wuraren shakatawa na halitta, ana iya samun kayan aikin mutum. Koyaya, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa ba fiye da mata masu kiwo sama da uku ba zasu iya rayuwa a kowace murabba'in kilomita 1 na ruwa, kamar yadda waɗannan tsuntsayen masu: sun iyakance yankunansu, kuma suna kori baƙi da gasa da suka bayyana.
Don fara'a, ya kamata ku gina gogoliatniks kuma ku rataye su a kan bishiyoyi masu girma dabam. Gogoliatniks yakamata a kasance a ƙasan akalla aƙalla mita 4, in ba haka ba tsuntsayen na iya wahala daga baƙi da baƙi.
Nisa zuwa cikin ruwa ya kamata ya zama mita 10, amma yana iya ƙaruwa. Koyaya, ya kamata a sani cewa ƙananan, kayan kwanan nan da aka yanyanka zasu rufe wannan nisan. Domin kajin zai iya fita daga cikin gida cikin sauki, abin da ke cikin gida ya zama da karfi, ba tsari ba. Hakanan, letok ya kamata ya kalli fuskar ruwan, kuma miyar da kanta ya kamata a haɗe da itacen tare da karkata zuwa gaba.
Gogol yana da abokan gaba da yawa, musamman ƙananan gogolate, kawai sun ƙage kuma sun bar gida, suna da matukar haɗari. Waɗannan tsuntsayen masu farauta (magpies da crows) za su iya farautarsu, bears da sauran mafarautan ƙasa.
Kiwon saurayi
Don sa kananan dabbobi, ya zama dole a samar wa kajin da mace damar zuwa tafki tare da isasshen balaguro, tunda an aiko kajin ne ga ruwa a rana ta biyu bayan haihuwa. Bayan makonni biyu, ducklings na iya nutsewa gaba ɗaya kuma suna wadatar da kansu da abinci, don haka mata basa buƙatar kulawa. Koyaya, har yanzu suna cikin haɗarin kaiwa hare-hare ta ƙasa da kuma waɗanda ke da fataucin dabbobi, don haka suna buƙatar samun kariya daga gare su.
Ku ɗanɗani halaye
Tun da gogol yake cin abincin da aka fitar dashi a ruwa, naman sa yana da ƙoshin wuta, da ɗanɗano mai daɗin kamshi, don kawar da abin da dole ne a tsaftace gawa daga fata kuma a cire mai. Saboda wannan, ba a ɗauke naman gogol mai mahimmanci tsakanin masu dafa da mafarauta. Koyaya, wasu lura yana da ɗanɗano hepatic.
Don yin daɗin gogol mai daɗi, ana bada shawara ga marin da gawa har zuwa rana. A matsayin tushen tushen marinade, zaka iya amfani da ruwan inabin giya ko vinegar. Zai fi kyau soya ducks ruwa, dafa a kan tofa ko stew, amma bai kamata ku dafa naman gogol ba.
Abin da gogol ya daɗe yana daraja shi
Tun zamanin d, a, ducks na wannan irin an darajanta su da kyawawan laushi da ƙoshin danshi, har da qwai. A cikin rubutattun lokutan zamanin Kievan Rus, zaku iya samun tabbacin cewa akwai wani lokacin tarin tarin farin ruwa, wanda ake kira "gogolinny rut." Wararru ne kawai waɗanda aka ba da izinin tattarawa, kuma an fitar da muraff daga wuraren da aka watsar. A kewaye da tafkunan da tabkuna ko da ƙasa aka shimfiɗa wanda tsuntsaye suka tashi. Irin wannan "kasuwancin" an dauki shi babbar daraja da kasuwanci mai riba.
Wannan nau'in ducks yana da wata ma'anar banbanci a cikin ƙasa, saboda wanda kalmar "tafiya tsirara" ya bayyana. Tsuntsayen da aka zana suna motsawa daga paw zuwa paw, kirji, suna tafiya a hankali kuma mahimmanci.
Gogoli tsuntsaye ne masu haske da baƙon halitta waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa kusa da mutum tare da ƙaramar saƙo na ƙarshen rayuwar tsuntsaye. Mun bincika daki-daki bayanin kwatancen, musamman abubuwan da ke ciki da kuma haihuwa, da kuma darajar duwatsun Gogol.