Ofaya daga cikin matsawa da tattauna batun muhalli shine tasirin kore.
Edungiyar Masu Shirya Rawar Gida: Ba da Labari mai amfani ga Masu Karatu Masu ƙauna
Undredaruruwan labarai da takaddun kimiyya an sadaukar da wannan sabon abu. A cewar masana kimiyya, yana da tasiri sosai kan yanayin canjin yanayin duniya.
Menene tasirin kore a cikin yanayin Duniya
Yanayin ƙasa yana da ikon watsa hasken rana, yayin da yake riƙe da zafin rana daga farfajiya. Sakamakon haka, tara zafi yake faruwa. Tarin iskar gas da sauran abubuwa masu narkewa a cikin yanayin wannan aikin ya kara dagula lamura, yana haifar da tsarin aikin tasirin kore.
Wannan matsalar ta duniya tana da dadewa. Amma tare da haɓaka fasahar da ke ƙarɓar hayaki zuwa cikin yanayi, tare da karuwa da adadin motoci da lalata yanayin muhalli gaba ɗaya, ya zama mafi dacewa. A cewar kididdigar, matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniyar sama da karni na baya ya karu da 0.74 °. A duban farko, da alama kaɗan ne. Amma har ma da irin wannan ƙaruwa ya riga ya haifar da canjin yanayin da ba a canzawa ba.
Wanene ya gano tsarin aikin greenhouse? An fara amfani da wannan ma'anar a 1827 ta J. Fourier. A kan wannan batun, har ma ya rubuta labari mai tsayi wanda a ciki ya yi la’akari da tsare-tsaren dabaru daban-daban don ƙirƙirar yanayin ƙasa. Fourier ne ya fara gabatarwa kuma ya tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa kayan alatu na yanayin duniya suna kama da kayan gilashi.
Daga baya, masanin ilimin lissafi na kasar Sweden Arrhenius, lokacin da yake nazarin abubuwan da suka lalata na tururuwar ruwa da carbon dioxide, sun gabatar da ka'idar cewa tarawar su a cikin yanayin na iya haifar da karuwa a yawan zafin duniya. Bayan haka, a kan tushen waɗannan nazarin, manufar tasirin kore ta tashi.
Menene gas gas
Man gas na masu suna Green suna ne na gama-gari ga yawan gas da zasu iya tinkarar dumamar duniyar duniyar ta. A cikin kewayon bayyane, sun kasance m, yayin da suke shan sikirin da aka lalata. Gas gas din basu da takamaiman tsari. Adadin su na iya canzawa koyaushe. To wanne gas ne gas gas?
Littlean ƙaramin ka'ida ko me yasa duniyar ta ke dumama?
Tasirin shinkafar shine dumama ƙananan yadudduka yanayin duniya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon haɓakar haɓakar wasu gas a ciki. Asalinsa abu ne mai sauki: Hasken rana yana zafi saman duniyar, amma a lokaci guda, zafin ya zauna kuma baya iya komawa sararin samaniya - gases na tsoma baki tare da wannan. Sakamakon waɗannan hanyoyin, yawan zafin jiki na duniya yana ƙaruwa.
Ctionaya daga cikin muhimmiyar hasken rana (har kashi 75%) faɗuwa akan ƙasa yana faɗuwa akan abin da yake bayyane kuma kusa da ɓangaren bakan (400-1500 nm). Yanayin yana da wuya ya kama shi, kuma kuzari mai zafi ya isa saman duniyarmu. Duniya, dumama, bi da bi, fara fitar da hasken rana tare da zazzabi na 7.8-28 microns, wanda ya fara zuwa sararin samaniya, yana ba da gudummawa ga kwantar da duniya. Babban dalilin tasirin shinkafa shine mafi girman ma'anar yanayi don haske a kewayon gani. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa wasu gas da ke cikin iska suna ɗauka ko suna tunan da radadin da ke fitowa daga ƙasa. Ana kiran su kore. Da yake yawan maida hankali, da yawan zafin rana zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yanayin.
Man gas na zamani suna soke ma'aunin yanayin duniyar, wanda a fannoni da yawa ke tantance yanayin sa.
Babban mahimmancin tasirin shinkafa sananne ne ga mazauna bazara da kuma lambu waɗanda ke da gidajen kore a yankunansu. Wannan makirci yana kama da haka: haskoki na rana, samun ciki, sanyaya ƙasa, kuma rufin da ganuwar baya barin zafi barin tsarin. Sabili da haka, a cikin greenhouse, har ma ba tare da wani dumama ba, yawan zafin jiki koyaushe yana sama da waje.
Akwai magana da yawa yanzu game da dumamar duniya da canjin yanayi. Akwai wani ra'ayi mara kyau cewa abin da ya faru na tasirin kore wani lamari ne na shekarun da suka gabata ko shekarun da suka gabata, kuma dalilinsa shine kawai aikin ɗan adam. Wannan tasirin yana cikin kowane yanayi, kuma in ba tare da rayuwa ba a duniya ba zai yuwu ba.
A zahiri, matsalarmu ita ce saurin karuwa a cikin tasirin greenhouse wanda aka lura a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Wannan tsari na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Jerin gas
Manyan gas din sun hada da:
- Carbon dioxide. Mafi dadewa rayuwa a cikin yanayi, sakamakon abin da yake tarawa kullun.
- Methane Saboda yawan kaddarorin yana da aiki mai ƙarfi. A cewar Wikipedia, matakinsa tun daga 1750 a cikin yanayin ya karu sama da sau 150.
- Nitrous oxide.
- Perfluorocarbons - PFCs (Perfluorocarbons - PFCs).
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
- Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
Ozone yana kare duniya daga hasken rana mai amfani da hasken rana. Rashin ƙarancinsa yana taimakawa ga samuwar ramuka na ozone.
Baya ga manyan gas na kore, tururi na ruwa yana haifar da karuwa a cikin tasirin greenhouse a cikin yanayi. A zahiri, ita ce babban dalilin karuwar yawan zafin jiki da zafi.
Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, gas na gas sun hada da oxygen oxides da freons. Sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, ƙwaƙwalwar su tana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, wanda ke ƙara tasirin mummunan tasiri ga yanayin.
Tarihin nazarin wannan batun
Nazarin matsalar tasirin kore ya fara ne a farkon rabin karni na 19. A shekara ta 1827, aikin Joseph Fourier, A note on the Temperatures of the Globe da Sauran Taurari, ya hango hasken rana, inda yayi nazari dalla-dalla kan hanyoyin samar da yanayi, da kuma abubuwanda suka shafe shi. Wannan masanin kimiyya ya fara bayyana labarin tasirin kore ta amfani da jirgin ruwan gilashi wanda aka fallasa zuwa hasken rana a matsayin abin koyi. Gilashin kusan opaque ne zuwa radiation, saboda haka wannan gwajin ya nuna ainihin yanayin. Ainihin manufar tasirin shinkafa ta shigo cikin amfani da kimiya daga baya.
Daga baya, masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na kasar Sweden Arrhenius ya ci gaba da nazarin. Shi ne ya gabatar da ka'idar cewa rage raguwar carbon dioxide a cikin iska yana daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayin dusar kankara a tarihin duniyar tamu.
Koyaya, binciken mai aiki game da tasirin kore da kuma sakamakon wannan sabon abu ya fara ne kawai a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na karshe. Masana kimiyya sun yi nazari kan canjin canjin hasken rana wanda ke faruwa lokacin da adadin gas din da ke cikin iska ke ƙaruwa. Yanzu, don sauƙaƙe hanyoyin da ke gudana a cikin yanayin, yawancin kwamfutoci na zamani da na zamani sun fara amfani da su. Amma ikonsu yawanci basu isa ba, saboda yanayin duniyar wani yanki ne mai matuƙar wahala amma kuma har yanzu ba'a fahimci tsarin ba.
A shekarun baya-bayan nan, an dauki matakan farko na matakin farko a matakin kasa da kasa don magance wannan matsalar. A shekarar 1992, aka amince da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Tsaran Duniya game da Canjin yanayi. A cikin 1997, an ƙara yarjejeniya ta Kyoto da Yarjejeniyar Paris (2015). Game da waɗannan takaddun suna tsara matakan don rage gurɓarwar iska.
Gaskiyar Gidayar Gas
Man gas a cikin gida na haifar da canje-canje masu sauyin yanayi, bisa ga dabi'arsu, ana iya raba tushen samuwar zuwa manyan rukuni biyu:
- Fasaha. Su ne babban dalilin tasirin kore. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan masana'antu waɗanda ke amfani da ƙonewar matatun mai, haɓaka filayen mai, da watsi da injunan motoci.
- Na halitta. Suna wasa na biyu. Yawancin gas na gas na yanayi suna shiga sararin samaniya yayin fashewar volcanic. Hakanan a cikin wannan rukunin sun hada da rashin ruwa na tekun da manyan gobarar daji.
Man gas da wasu dalilai na dumama
Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa tasirin kore yana faruwa ne sakamakon gas mai zuwa:
Mafi girman gudummawa game da karuwa a yawan zafin jiki na duniya ana yin shi ne da tururin ruwa (daga 36 zuwa 72%), CO2 (kimanin 9-26%), sai methane (4-9%) da Ozone (daga 3 zuwa 7%). Sauran gas din suna da matsanancin matsayi a cikin iska, saboda haka tasirin su ga ayyukan sauƙaƙan ƙanana ne.
Yawan tururi na ruwa ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki na ƙananan yanayin. Itanƙan shi ne, da ƙarancin zafi da lahani na ƙasa ba a faɗi ba. A wannan yanayin, danshi mai yawa ya zama murfin dusar ƙanƙara a dogayen duniyan, yana ƙaruwa da haɓaka (albedo) kuma yana sanya iska ta zama mai sanyi. Don haka, dumamar duniya (ko sanyaya) tsari ne mai ɗaukar kai, wanda a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na iya ci gaba da haɓakawa da sauri. Don fara shi, kawai kuna buƙatar “trigge”, kuma mahimmancin maganin anthropogenic na iya zama dashi. A wannan yanayin, muna ma'amala da wani misali na kwarai na kyakkyawan sakamako.
Lokacin dumama da sanyayawar da ta faru a duniyarmu tana daidai da adadin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin sama. Haɓakawarsa yana haifar da karuwa a cikin sakamako na greenhouse da tsawan zafin jiki mai tsawo.
Bugu da kari, karafa da daskararren aerosol mai shiga yanayin sama suna tasiri ma'aunin zafi a Duniya. Babban tushensu aiki ne da wutar lantarki da kuma masana'antu. Ustura da ƙura suna hana shigar hasken rana haske, wanda ke rage zafin zafin duniya.
Sanadin da greenhouse sakamakon
Babban dalilin ci gaban tasirin kore a Duniya shine tara gas a cikin sararin samaniya. Wucewa hankalinsu yana haifar da canji a ma'aunin zafi. Ari, zauren ozone na iya shiga cikin wannan aikin. A ƙarƙashin tasirin freon da nitrogen oxides, waɗanda kuma aka haɗa su a cikin jerin iskar gas, ya fara lalacewa da sauri. Sakamakon haka, matakin maɗaukakiyar radiation ultraviolet yakan tashi sosai. Don haka, tasirin kore da lalata lakabin ozone sune jerin abubuwan da ke tattare da alaƙa waɗanda ke da tasirin gaske kan biogeocenosis na duk duniya.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin kore sun hada da:
- Saurin haɓaka masana'antu ta amfani da mai, gas da sauran burbushin makamashi a matsayin tushen makamashi. Suna lissafin kusan rabin adadin gas.
- Halakar gandun daji A yayin aiwatar da daukar hoto, bishiyoyi suna shan carbon dioxide kuma suna samar da oxygen, gandun daji sune "taurari masu haske", lalacewarsu tayi yawa tare da karuwa sosai a yawan carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya.
- Bunkasa Noma. Sakamakon lalacewar kayayyakin sharar dabbobi, an samar da wani adadi mai yawa na methane, wanda shine ɗayan iskar gas mai zafi.
Daga ina gas gas?
A halin yanzu, akwai yarjejeniya tsakanin masana kimiyya cewa canjin yanayi na yanzu yana da alaƙa da haɓaka yawan adadin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya da tasirin shinkafar - sakamakon wannan tsari. Haka kuma, dumama ta daɗe tana faruwa. Babban dalilin ƙara yawan tasirin kore shine aikin ɗan adam, wanda ya zama babban abin duniyar. Tun farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu - wato, a cikin shekaru 250-300 da suka gabata - yawan methane da carbon dioxide a cikin yanayin ya karu da 149% da 31%, bi da bi. Anan ne tushen asalin gas gas:
- Saurin haɓaka masana'antu. Babban tushen kuzari ga tsirranmu, masana'antunmu, motocinmu sune iskar gas - man fetur, gas da gas. Sakamakon amfani da su, an kirkiro carbon dioxide, wanda ke inganta tasirin kore. Kimanin rabin gas din da aka karɓa yayin ayyukan ɗan adam ya kasance a cikin sararin samaniya, sauran suna shanshi daga tekuna da ciyawar ƙasa. Yawan Duniya yana ƙaruwa a kowace shekara, wanda ke nufin cewa yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci, kayan masana'antu, motoci, wanda ke haifar da mafi yawan carbon dioxide, don haka tasirin kore zai karu. Kuma idan a cikin ƙarni na baya, zafin jiki ya karu da digiri 0.74, to a nan gaba, masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen karuwar digiri na 0.2 na kowane ƙarnin,
- Ciyawar dabbobi da bunkasa harkar noma. Wani babban dalilin da ya haifar da karuwar taro a cikin CO2 a cikin yanayin shine babban lalata gandun daji. A cikin aiwatar da photosynthesis, bishiyoyi suna ɗaukar carbon dioxide kuma suna samar da oxygen, kasancewa mai tsara yanayin halitta na haɗuwa da gas gas. Gashin gandun daji ana buƙatar da farko don samun sabon ƙasa mai amfani da ita don ciyar da ɗimbin ɗan adam cikin hanzari. Hakanan aikin gona yana kara hauhawar yanayin zafin duniya. Abun kiwo yana da alaƙa da samuwar babban methane, wanda ya zarce carbon dioxide a cikin kayan gyada,
- Abubuwan kasa. Ana tsammanin ci gaban jama'a zai haɓaka sharar gida. A yau, manyan yankuna da suka rufe dubban kadada suna mamayar filaye. Kowannensu yana fitowa a cikin sararin samaniya na dubun-mitutu mai ƙira na methane da carbon dioxide. Ingantacciyar hanyar warware wannan matsalar har yanzu ba ta wanzu ba - yana nufin cewa adadin hayaɗar “gas shararru” zai yi girma ne kawai.
Menene ke haifar da barazanar kore?
Tarihin Duniya yana da kusan biliyan biliyan 4.5, kuma a duk wannan lokacin yanayin duniya yana canzawa koyaushe. A wasu lokutan, ciyawar da ke cike da wurare masu zafi ta lullube shi daga gungume zuwa gungume, yayin da a wasu wurare ake yin shimfidar wuri da dusar kankara mai dumbin yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan taɓarɓin, yawan zafin jiki na digiri ɗaya ko biyu da alama yana da ma'amala da gaske: kawai tunani, zamu kuma adana akan dumama! Amma ba duk abin da yake mai sauƙi ne ba, sakamakon sauyin yanayi zai iya zama mafi muni, ga kaɗan daga cikinsu:
- Increasearuwar zazzabi zai haifar da narkewar dusar kankara da hauhawar ruwa a Tekun Duniya, wanda ke barazanar ambaliyar wasu yankuna. Tabbas, duniyar ba ta juya zuwa "duniyar ruwa" ba, amma biranen bakin teku da yankuna da yawa na iya wahala. Kadan ne mutane suka sani, amma tun farkon karni na 20, matakin teku ya tashi da 17 cm, kuma tun daga tsakiyar 90s wannan adadin ya haura zuwa 3.2-3.4 mm kowace shekara. Wannan matsalar ta kara dagula lamarin da cewa a yankuna masu gabar teku galibin jama'ar duniya suna rayuwa, akwai kuma wani kaso mai tsoka na tattalin arzikin duniya,
- Increaseara yawan zafin jiki zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin rarraba hazo, kazalika da adadinsu. Kuma wannan sakamakon tabbas mai yiwuwa ya fi mummunan ambaliyar da wasu yankuna yankuna. A wasu wurare na duniya, ruwan sama zai zama ruwan sama, kuma a hankali za su juya zuwa hamada, yayin da a wasu, mazauna za su sha wahala daga mahaukaciyar guguwa, yau da kullun, ambaliyar tsunami da sauran hadurra. Masana kimiyya sun ce, karin karuwar zazzabi a iska zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin gona a yankuna masu zafi da yankuna na duniya, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da yunwar da tashin hankalin jama'a.
- Ara yawan zafin jiki zai cutar da lafiyar mutane sosai. Likitoci suna tsammanin karuwa da yawan cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan numfashi har ma da tabin hankali.
Tasirin shinkafar da sakamakon sa na iya tasiri ba kawai mutane kawai ba, har ma da yanayin kasa na gaba daya. Canjin yanayi zai hana yawancin ire-iren mazauninsu mazauna ciki, kuma ba hujja bane cewa dukkan “brothersan uwanmu” zasu iya daidaitawa da irin waɗannan canje-canjen mai ƙarfi.Rashin wasu nau'ikan zai rushe sarkar abinci ta yau da kullun, wanda zai haifar da ainihin "sakamako domino." Increasearuwar haɓakar carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya da hauhawar yawan zafin jiki na iska yana haifar da acidation na teku, wanda ke cutar da duk wanda ke zaune a ciki.
Yadda za a magance shi?
Mutum ya sha fuskantar sauyin yanayi. Haka kuma, suna daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun ci gaba na tarihi. Fiye da sau ɗaya ko sau biyu, fari da ambaliyar ruwa sun haddasa yaƙe-yaƙe da tayar da zaune tsaye, yawan ƙaurawar mutane, koma baya na jihohi da kuma wayewar jama'a gabaɗaya. Ta yaya za mu iya guje wa sakamakon bala'i da ke jiranmu a yayin mummunan canjin yanayi? Shin akwai damar rage abin da ake kira tasirin kore? Me za a iya yi don wannan?
A yau mun san duk abubuwan da ke haifar da tara tarin gas gas da karuwar yawan zafin jiki. Zai yi wahala sosai a sauya yanayin da ake ciki yanzu, domin wannan zai buƙaci ƙoƙarin dukkan bil'adama da kuma sake fasalin tattalin arzikin duniya. Don farawa, kawai kuna fahimtar cewa tasirin kore shine matsala ta duniya wacce ke barazanar ba duka jihohi ba, amma dukkanin mutane.
Masana sun yi imanin cewa ana buƙatar waɗannan matakan don rage hayaƙan gas na gas a cikin sararin samaniya:
- Wajibi ne a sake gina makamashi a hankali kuma a rage yawan masana'antar. Babban tushen CO2 a yau shine ƙone ƙashin wuta mai: mai, mai da gas. Don rage su, ɗan adam dole ne ya canza zuwa abin da ake kira makamashi mai sabuntawa: rana, iska, ruwa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rabon su a cikin duka ma'auni yana haɓaka sosai cikin sauri, amma waɗannan kudaden ba su isa ba. Hakanan muna buƙatar barin amfani da motoci tare da injunan konewa na ciki da canja wuri zuwa motocin lantarki. A bayyane yake cewa duk abubuwan da ke sama suna buƙatar saka hannun jari na ɗimbin yawa da ɗaruruwan shekarun aiki. Amma kuna buƙatar fara shi yau,
- Inganta ingantaccen makamashi, kuma wannan ya shafi samar da masana'antu, da samar da makamashi, da gidaje da sabis na jama'a. Ya kamata a rage yawan kuzarin kayayyakin. Muna buƙatar sabbin fasahar da ba ta cutar da muhalli. Hatta maɗaurin talla na ginin facades, shigarwa na windows na zamani da sauyawa na tsire-tsire dumama na iya samun babban tasiri dangane da tanadin kuzari, sabili da haka, rage farashin mai da kuma rage hayaƙin,
- Hanya mafi inganci don magance tasirin kore shine rage yawan sharar gida. Dole ne mutum ya koyi amfani da albarkatu a karo na biyu, wannan zai kawar da ƙoshinn filayen ƙasa, waɗanda ke da mahimmancin hanyoyin methane, ko kuma aƙalla rage girman su,
- Wajibi ne a dakatar da lalacewar gandun daji da kuma mayar da wuraren da ake da kore. Dole ne a hada hanzarin tare da dasa sabbin bishiyoyi.
Ya kamata a yi gwagwarmayar kore da karuwar matsakaita na shekara-shekara a matakin ƙasa, cikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe daban daban. An riga an dauki matakan farko na wannan shugabanci, kuma dole ne ci gaba da motsi. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar ƙara ƙarfafa yaƙi da canjin yanayi a matakin ɓangarorin jihohi. Halin da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu wadanda a koyaushe suke gabatar da wannan batun shima yana da girma. Dole ne mu fahimci yadda ƙarancin duniyarmu yake da yadda take raunin mutane.
Menene tasirin kore?
Gajere da haske mai tsawo da raƙuman ruwa suna ratsa saman duniyar, suna dumama shi. A yadda aka saba, wasu daga cikinsu yakamata a maida su sararin samaniya, amma iskar gas na gurbata wannan tsari. Saboda adadin gas, ƙananan yadudduka sun zama denser, saboda haka suna iya riƙe zafi. Wannan yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa. Yana da al'ada al'ada ta danganta da gas gas:
- ozone
- methane
- carbon dioxide
- sinadarin ozone
- Freon nau'i-nau'i
- ruwa tururi.
Mene ne tasirin kore kuma menene tasirinsa ga duniyar, an daɗe ana nazari. Koyaya, ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga mummunan tasirin PE.
Dole ne a ɗauka cewa wannan tasirin yana kasancewa koyaushe a duniya. Ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa matsakaicin zazzabi a duniya yana daga + 13 ... + 15 ° C.
Idan babu wannan sabon yanayin, zazzabi saman zai kasance -18 ° C. Don haka, ta hanyar ma'anar, rayuwa ba tare da PE a duniya ba zai yuwu.
Tasirin yanayi na kore yana tallafawa ta hanyar ayyukan volcanoes, ruwa na ruwa da kwantar da carbon dioxide yayin lalacewar wasu ma'adanai. Ayyukan ɗan adam yana haifar da haɓaka mai sauri a cikin gas na gas gas da dumama yanayi. Wannan ya riga ya cire daidaituwa kuma yana haifar da canji a yanayin yanayi. Wasu rikice-rikice na shekarun 'yan shekarun da suka gabata suna da alaƙa da tasirin gas gas mai zafi.
Dalilai na PE
Abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin kore ba shi da wani tasiri a kan daidaituwa tsakanin rami na gajere da raƙuman ruwa zuwa doron ƙasa da tunaninsu cikin sararin samaniya. Hanyar samuwar vapors daga vapors a duniyarmu an riga an fahimta sosai. An yi imani cewa ana ƙaruwa da wannan sakamako sakamakon haɓaka masana'antu.
An gano cewa babbar asalin tururuwar ruwa da carbon dioxide sune masana'antu waɗanda a yayin gudanar da ayyukansu suna ƙona gas mai yawa, mai da mai. A lokaci guda, ƙura mai yawa da sauran mahadi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga faruwar wannan sakamako suna shiga cikin yanayin.
Abu na biyu mafi mahimmancin gurbatawa shine motoci. Lokacin da aka ƙona mai, suna haifar da babban adadin carbon dioxide da sauran rashin tasirin abubuwa. An yi imani da cewa karuwar adadin motoci a manyan biranen kasar ya haifar da bayyanar hayakin da ake iya gani da kuma karuwa a matsakaicin matsakaici da 1-2 ° C.
Abun da wannan matsala ke haifarwa shine ci gaban amfani da makamashi. Wannan ba wai kawai yana haifar da yawan ƙonawar mai ba, amma yana haifar da ƙarin dumama yanayi da kuma yanayin ruwa, wanda ke ƙaruwa da yawan fitar iska da haɓaka tasirin kore.
Tarihin Nazarin PE
Nazarin farko na tasirin kore da tasirin sa a duniya ya bayyana ne a shekara ta 1827, lokacin da aka buga wani labarin da Jean-Baptiste Fourier.
A cikin wannan aikin, wannan mai binciken ya gabatar da ra'ayinsa game da yanayin bayyanar tasirin kore, yuwuwar sanadin abubuwan da ke faruwa da kuma tasirinsa kan yanayin duniyar iska.
Kammalallen nasa ya dogara ne da gwaje-gwajen da M. De Saussure ya gudanar, wanda ya bayyana cewa a cikin wani jirgin gilashi mai duhu, rufe da kafa a rana, zazzabi ya fi na waje. Wannan saboda zafin rana ba zai iya dawowa cikin mahallin ba, saboda Gilashin duhu ya zama cikas a gare shi. Ko da a cikin wannan yanayin, matakin ɓarna ba matsala ne ga hasken rana.
Bayan gano sabon abu game da tarawar zafin rana a cikin ƙananan yanayin, an gudanar da wasu nazarin don gano yiwuwar wannan tasirin akan yanayin, yanayin teku, da yawan bala'o'in bala'i, da sauransu.
Tasirin Greenhouse da Warming na Duniya
PE da yawan dumamar yanayi sune hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Sakamakon sakamakon greenhouse, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici na shekara-shekara a duniyar sama da shekaru 10 da suka gabata ya karu da + 12 ° C. A yankuna inda a lokacin bazara shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan zafin jiki ya kasance +22 .. + 27 ° C, yanzu yawanci ya kai + 35 .. + 37 ° C.
Aruwar yanayin zafin jiki yana da haɗari musamman ga yankuna na arewacin. Gilashin tuni sun narke cikin hanzari. Bugu da kari, akwai raguwar tsawon lokacin dusar kankara a lokacin hunturu. Sakamakon saurin narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, ana sake samun ƙarin raguwar lokacin lokacin damana.
Wasu tsoffin dusar kankara, waɗanda shekaru 50 da suka gabata suka kasance a ƙwanƙolin tsaunukan m, tuni sun narke. Bugu da kari, akwai saurin narkewar kankara a sandunan duniyan. Wasu masu binciken suna jayayya cewa wannan sabon abu na iya haifar da ambaliyar wasu yankunan da ke da cunkoson jama'a.
Tasirin dumamar duniya a kan halittu masu girma yana da girma. Ya riga ya tsokani dan kadan karuwa a yawan zafin jiki na teku da raguwa da matakin oxygen a cikin ruwa. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa da yawan dabbobin ruwa.
Yawan dumamar yanayi na iya haifar da raguwa a yankin da gandun daji ke mamaye a halin yanzu. A wannan yanayin, tarko zai mamaye yankuna da gandun daji suka mamaye.
Don haka, dumamar yanayi a duniya zai haifar da rushewar sarkar abinci da kuma lalata nau'ikan nau'ikan tsirrai, dabbobi da tsuntsaye.
Tasirin PE a kan sauyin yanayi
Yanayin yanayin kwanciyar hankali yanayi ne mai mahimmanci don kasancewar rayuwa a doron ƙasa. Yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi ba za su iya dacewa da canjin yanayi ba a cikin wannan kankanin lokaci. Idan akai la'akari da abin da ke da haɗari na PE, kuna buƙatar kulawa da karuwar yawan bala'o'i a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata.
Sakamakon rage lokacin damina, ana fuskantar fari fari a wasu yankuna, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar amfanin gona da dabbobi. Matsalar yunwar saboda irin wannan bala'in ta musamman an bayyana ta a cikin wasu ƙasashen Afirka. Yawan dabbobin daji suna raguwa da sauri saboda raguwar wuraren zama.
Increasearuwar zazzabi saboda tasirin kore a yankuna da dama ya haifar da ƙaruwa a yankuna yankuna masu nisa. Bugu da kari, a wurare kamar Bangladesh, ambaliyar ruwa tana kara faruwa yanzu wanda ke haifar da asarar tattalin arziki. Hakanan ana haɓaka yawan adadin hadari da mahaukaciyar guguwa suna da alaƙa da haɓaka canjin yanayi.
Haɓaka PE a cikin biosphere an haɓaka shi da haɓaka ruwa na ruwa daga cikin teku da kuma daga nahiyoyin. Don haka, tsari na iya zama wanda ba a iya jujjuya shi ba kuma canjin yanayi a nan gaba na iya sa duniyar ta zama ba dace da rayuwa ba. An yi imani cewa karuwa a cikin tekun da kuma raguwar matakin salinity saboda narkewar kankara na iya yin illa ga mashigar teku.
Rashin ƙarshen zai haifar da ƙananan yanayin zafi a dogayen sanda kuma karuwa a ma'aunin na'urar. Don haka, yankin equatorial zai kasance yana fama da matsanancin fari, da kuma yankuna na arewa - don saurin hanzarta. An yi imanin cewa wannan tasiri na iya haifar da farkon shekarun kankara mai zuwa.
Tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan PE
Rage rauni da karfafa abinda aka yiwa shinkafa ya lura a duk tsawon rayuwar duniyar. Abubuwan da suka faru wannan lamari suna inganta shi ta hanyar wasu abubuwan halitta. Koyaya, matsalolin PE yanzu suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ga tsarin masana'antu a wasu ƙasashe.
Ayyukan ɗan adam sun haifar da sakin mai yawa na carbon dioxide da tururi na ruwa.
Mutumin yana so ya rayu cikin nutsuwa da tafiya ta hanyar jigilar mutum. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa dumamar yanayi tana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.
Tasirin PE akan rayuwar ɗan adam da lafiya
Ofaukar ma'anar kore yana cutar da lafiyar mutane. Yanzu a lokacin bazara a wasu yankuna, ba sabon abu bane ga lokuta na rawar jiki, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa. Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi yana haifar da raguwa a cikin aiki na mutane kuma yana shafar lafiyar gaba ɗaya.
Rarraba iskar gas a cikin ƙananan yanayin yana haifar da karuwa a cikin cututtukan fata, samuwar mummunan ciwan da ke tattare da tsarin numfashi. An yi imani da cewa zafi maras kyau ya haifar da karuwa a cikin adadin lokuta na ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.
Bugu da kari, sakamakon tasirin kore a doron kasa an nuna shi ne a cikin ayyukan kwayoyin. Increasearuwar yawan zafin jiki jikin mutum yakan haifar da barkewar annobar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. M winters kai ga gaskiyar cewa da yawa parasites, ciki har da ticks, ya ƙara mazauninsu sosai. Shagunan su suna ƙara sa mutane su kamu da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta da encephalitis masu ɗaukar nauyi. Bugu da kari, maganganun guban mutane sakamakon guguwar wasu gizo-gizo gizo-gizo da macizai masu guba, waɗanda kuma sun iya fadada kewayon su saboda karuwar yanayin hunturu, sun zama mafi yawan lokuta.
Ambaliyar ruwa da fari na tsawon lokaci a wasu yankuna sun haddasa ƙaurawar mutane, amma har yanzu suna da rauni. Nan gaba, saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu yankuna zasu zama marasa dacewa don rayuwa, ƙaura mai yawa yana yiwuwa.
Yaya za a rage PE?
Irin waɗannan matsalolin duniya na ɗan adam kamar tasirin kore da karuwar yawan zafin jiki na sararin samaniya ba za su iya yin nasara a cikin sojojin ƙasa ɗaya ba. Amincewa da dukkanin jihohi na matakan rage yawan watsi da gas ta kamfanonin shiga zai iya hana karuwa a wannan mummunan tasirin.
Hakanan yakamata a ƙulla matakan rage gurɓataccen yanayin. Kasancewar manyan gandun daji a duk ƙasashe na iya rage haɗarin bala'i. Ayyukan duk ƙasashe ya kamata su kasance da manufar gabatarwar da kuma amfani da tushen hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Ayyukan da Za su Iya Ceto Duniya
Wasu masana kimiyya, suna nazarin hanyoyin warware wannan matsalar ta muhalli, sun nuna buƙatar sake tunani da kuma ɗaukacin al'amuran rayuwa. Ya kamata mutane duka su ba da gudummawarsu don warware wannan matsalar. Ajiye wutar lantarki da ruwa na taimaka wajan rage yawan amfani da albarkatun ƙasa, haɗarin abin da ke haifar da adadin carbon dioxide.
Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci don hawan keke. Wannan zai rage fitarda hayaki a birane. An kuma ci gaba da kirkirar wasu hanyoyin samar da mai wanda zai iya maye gurbin fetur din.
Kare daji
Gwagwarmaya don kiyaye gandun daji na da matukar mahimmanci, saboda yayin daukar hoto, tsire-tsire suna sha carbon dioxide. Yankunan gandun daji da aka sare don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da suka zama dole mutum dole ne a sake dasa shi.
Bugu da kari, dasa shinge a kewayen wuraren zama da dimbin bishiyoyi da shukoki na iya amfana da dabi'a. Da ake buƙata don rage cutar da gas na masarar Green shine kare kariya daga lalataccen gandun daji a cikin yankin Equatorial da Siberiya.
Amfani da motocin lantarki
Lokacin da kake la'akari da hanyoyi don hana haɓakar iskar gas na gas, da farko, kuna buƙatar kula da yuwuwar motocin lantarki waɗanda suke a halin yanzu. Waɗannan motocin basu fitar da iskar gas ba kuma suna iya amfani da maɓallin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Yawancin nau'ikan motocin lantarki an riga an fito da su, wanda a hankali zai iya maye gurbin motocin da ke amfani da mai.
Madadin zuwa gas mai gas
Yawancin ƙasashe suna haɓaka abubuwa da tushen samar da makamashi waɗanda zasu iya zama ingantacciyar hanyar samar da iskar gas.
Duk da cewa akwai wasu karatun da ake da su, amma har yanzu ba za su iya maye gurbin makamashin hydrocarbon ba, don haka dole ne a yi ƙoƙari don rage cutar da hayakin da ke da illa.
Sakamakon tasirin kore a kan sauyin yanayi
Idan akai la'akari da sakamakon tasirin kore, zamu iya yanke hukunci cewa babban shine canjin yanayi. Yayin da yanayin iska ke tashi a kowace shekara, ruwan tekuna da tekuna sun ƙaura sosai. Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin shekaru 200, irin wannan yanayin "bushewa" na tekun zai zama sananne, wato ƙarancin raguwar matakin ruwa. Wannan bangare ne na matsalar.Sauran kuma shi ne cewa hauhawar zazzabi tana haifar da narkewar barakar, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga karuwar matakin ruwa na Tekun Duniya, kuma yana haifar da ambaliyar tekun nahiyoyi da tsibirai. Karuwar adadin ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar yankunan gabar ruwa na nuni da cewa matakin ruwan teku yana karuwa a kowace shekara.
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Increaseara yawan zafin jiki na iska yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa yankuna waɗanda ba su ƙasƙantar da su ta hanyar tsinkaye sun zama m kuma basu dace da rayuwa ba. A nan, albarkatu sun mutu, wanda ke haifar da matsalar abinci a cikin yawan jama'ar yankin. Hakanan, ba a ciyar da dabbobi, saboda tsire-tsire suna mutuwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa.
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Mutane da yawa sun riga sun saba da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi a duk rayuwarsu. Yayinda zafin jiki na iska ya tashi sakamakon tasirin kore, dumamar yanayi ke shigowa. Mutane ba za su iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ba. Misali, idan a baya matsakaicin lokacin zafi ya kasance + 22- + 27, to karuwa zuwa + 35- + 38 tana kaiwa zuwa bugun zafin rana da bugun zafin jiki, bushewar fata da matsaloli tare da tsarin jijiyoyin jini, akwai babban hadarin bugun jini. Kwararru masu fama da zafi mara nauyi suna bawa mutane wadannan shawarwari:
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- - rage yawan motsi titin,
- - rage yawan aiki na jiki,
- - guji hasken rana kai tsaye,
- - ƙara yin amfani da tsarkakakken tsarkakakken ruwa zuwa lita 2-3 a kowace rana,
- - rufe kanka daga rana da hula,
- - Idan za ta yiwu, ciyar da lokacin yayin rana cikin ɗaki mai sanyi.
Yadda za'a rage tasirin kore
Sanin yadda iskar gas suke tashi, ya zama dole a cire tushen abubuwan da suka faru don dakatar da dumamar yanayi a duniya da kuma wasu mummunan sakamakon tasirin kore. Ko da mutum ɗaya na iya canza wani abu, kuma idan dangi, abokai, waɗanda suka san su suka tare shi, za su kafa misali ga sauran mutane. Wannan shine mafi girman adadin mazaunan duniyar da zasu jagoranci ayyukan su don kiyaye yanayin.
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Da farko, ya zama dole a dakatar da bushewar daji, dasa bishiyoyi da tsirrai, yayin da suke shan iskar carbon dioxide kuma suna samar da iskar oxygen. Amfani da motocin lantarki, za a rage yawan iskar gas. Bugu da kari, zaku iya canzawa daga motoci zuwa kekuna, wanda yafi dacewa, mai araha kuma mafi aminci ga yanayin. Hakanan ana haɓaka albarkatun mai, wanda, rashin alheri, ana sannu a hankali a cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.
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Bidiyo mai ban sha'awa game da tasirin kore
Mafi mahimmancin bayani game da matsalar tasirin shinkafa shine jawo hankalin jama'ar duniya gare ta, da kuma yin komai a cikin ikon mu don rage yawan tarin gas. Idan ka shuka bishiyoyi da yawa, tabbas za ka iya zama mai taimako ga duniyarmu.
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Sakamakon tasirin kore akan lafiyar ɗan adam
Sakamakon tasirin kore yana da nasaba da sauyin yanayi da muhalli, amma tasirin sa ga lafiyar ɗan adam ba karamar illa bane. Yayi kama da bam na lokaci: bayan shekaru da yawa muna iya ganin sakamakon, amma ba zamu iya canza komai ba.
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Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa mutane masu ƙarancin yanayin rayuwa da rashin tsaro sun fi kamuwa da cutar. Idan mutane suka ci abinci mara kyau kuma suka rasa wasu abinci saboda rashin kuɗi, wannan zai haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, yunwa da haɓaka cututtuka (ba kawai tsarin gastrointestinal ba). Tun da zafi mai ƙarancin yanayi yakan faru a lokacin bazara sakamakon tasirin ƙwayar shinkafa, yawan mutanen da ke da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya suna ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Don haka a cikin mutane matsin lamba ya tashi ko faduwa, bugun zuciya da bugun zuciya na faruwa, suma da bugun zafi suna faruwa.
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Increaseara yawan zafin jiki na iska yana haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan da ke biyo baya da cututtukan:
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- Cutar Ebola
- babesiosis
- kwalara
- cutar murar tsuntsaye
- annoba
- tarin fuka
- parasites na waje da na ciki
- rashin lafiya na bacci
- zazzabi.
Wadannan cututtukan suna bazu cikin sauri a wata ƙasa, saboda yawan zafin jiki na yanayin yana taimaka wa motsi da cututtuka daban-daban da cututtukan cuta. Wadannan dabbobi da kwari iri-iri, kamar su Tsetse, kwari encephalitis, sauro, tsuntsaye, bera, da sauransu. Daga wurare masu zafi, waɗannan masu ɗaukar hoto suna motsawa zuwa arewa, saboda haka mutanen da ke zaune a wurin suna fuskantar cututtuka saboda basu da rigakafi a gare su.
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Don haka, tasirin kore yana haifar da dumamar yanayi, kuma wannan yana haifar da cututtuka da yawa da cututtuka. Sakamakon annoba, dubunnan mutane ke mutuwa a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya. Yin gwagwarmayar matsalar dumamar duniya da tasirin kore, zamu iya inganta yanayin kuma, sakamakon haka, yanayin lafiyar mutane.
Dalilai don karfafa tasirin kore
Dalilin tasirin kore shine tarawar gas na gas a cikin sararin samaniya saboda dalilai na anthropogenic. Babban abubuwan sune:
- Shukewar daji da karuwar jujin amfanin gona.
- Kona mai a cikin nau'ikan man gas da kerosene.
- Amfani da kwal da iskar gas don aikin ƙarfe da samar da wutar lantarki.
Kusan kowane aiki na ɗan adam yana haɗuwa da iska a cikin yanayin. Yawancin su suna haifar da karuwa a cikin tasirin ƙwayar.
Abinda ke inganta tasirin kore
Baya ga ayyukan ɗan adam, abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayi na iya ba da gudummawa ga tasirin kore. Misali, fashewar wutar dutsen mai yawa ko kona gandun daji. Thearuwar zazzabi a doron ƙasa a sakamakon ƙusar da lemar sararin samaniya na haifar da ƙara yawan danshi, wanda kuma ya kara dagula lamarin. An tabbatar da dangantakar dake tsakanin tasirin shinkafa da zazzabin ozone na dogon lokaci. Haɓaka haɗuwa da tururi na ruwa a cikin yanayin shine babban abin da ke kawo ci gaban matsalar.
Gas gas.
Man gas din sun hada da tururin ruwa, methane, carbon dioxide, ozone, oxide nitrogen da freons.
A cikin samfuran muhalli, babban abin tuƙin tuƙin tsari shine carbon dioxide. Koyaya, a sakamakon binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, an sanya ra'ayin don yin nazarin tasirin tasirin gas. Carbon dioxide yana shafar tasirin kore a hankali kuma ba makawa, amma sauran gas ɗin sun sami damar shafar yanayin a yanzu, haka kuma, ƙasa da karatu. Theungiyar kimiyya ta dogon lokaci ba ta mai da hankali ga methane ko freons ba, saboda abin da ba a inganta hanyoyin inganta ba.
Ababen ruwa
Tsabtace ruwa shine iskar gas mafi girma a cikin yanayi, masana kimiyya sun ce kashi 72 na tasirin kore ne sakamakon tururin ruwa.
A wannan yanayin, ba tururi ne da ake nufi ba, amma kyakkyawar amsa tsakanin sa da carbon dioxide. Gaskiyar ita ce sakamako na carbon dioxide ninki biyu, sakamakon haka, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi, tashin ruwa ya karu. Wannan yana haifar da haifar da ƙarin girgije kuma, a sakamakon haka, zuwa jinkiri ga shigarwar hasken rana a duniya. A lokaci guda, tururi na ruwa yana da tasiri mafi girma, yana wasa da matsayin mai zazzabi.
A cikin Insalah, wanda yake a cikin ƙasar Aljeriya, bambancin zafin jiki a lokacin zafi shine digiri 55. Sakamakon ya haifar da karamin adadin tururi na ruwa akan birni.
Saboda haka, tururi na ruwa ba shi da haɗari, kodayake ya wuce tasirin Green2. Lokacin da zazzage juzu'ikan juzu'i, sifar kumburin shine 75 W / m 2, yayin da carbon dioxide shine 32 W / m 2. Amma tururi yana ƙaruwa da hankalin yanayin zuwa carbon dioxide, saboda haka zuwa aikin anthropogenic.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide a wurare daban-daban na yanayi yana daga kashi 9 zuwa 26 na adadin iskar gas. Wannan shi ne mafi haɗarin dukkanin gas gas. SB kanta2 ba mai haɗarin gaske bane, amma shine wanda shine yake hanzarta faɗawar bala'in.
A cikin adadi mai yawa, gas yana shiga cikin yanayi kawai saboda ayyukan mutane. A cikin musayar carbon, gas yana ɗaure ta tsire-tsire, wanda dabbobi suka ci, sannan dabba ke ɗaukar sarkar abinci har sai babban dabbar ko mutum ya mutu, yana faɗuwa cikin ƙasa tare da adadin carbon da aka tara tsawon rayuwarsa. A cikin ƙasa sakamakon tsufa shekaru-tsari, carbon daga kasusuwa ya juya ya zama sabon abu gaba ɗaya: mai da kerosene.
A halin yanzu, duk babbar hanyar da ƙasa ta tattara sama da miliyoyin shekaru ana shigar da su cikin yanayin cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Wannan ya keta daidaituwar data kasance: carbon kawai bashi da lokacin da zai dawo zuwa tsarin musayar kuma ya tara a cikin yanayi.
Akwai wani fahimta game da cewa dumamar yanayi tsari ne na halitta wanda aka ƙera carbon. Ruwa na iya narke da carbon dioxide, wanda kuma zai fara haskakawa da sikirin. Kuma adadin ruwa yana haɓaka tare da dumamar yanayi, saboda narkewar dusar kankara da kankara. Amma thawing na permafrost, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin kwayoyin halitta - tsoffin ganye, tushen tsire-tsire waɗanda suka girma a can shekaru 1000 da suka wuce, ba a la'akari da su. Tare da dumamar duniya, lalacewar yanayi ta fara narkewa, abubuwan da ke ciki sun lalace, suna fitar da carbon dioxide.
Methane
Methane ya dade da rashin sanin yanayin tasirinsa game da tasirin kore. Gas yana da matukar yiwuwa ya lalata abubuwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya a cikin shekaru 10, wanda ake ɗauka lokaci ne mai sauƙi ga yanayin. Amma a lokaci guda, tasirinsa ga tasirin kore ya ninka sau 10 fiye da carbon dioxide. Kuma yayin da ake samarda ma'adanin karfe a cikin sararin samaniya har yanzu ba a sani ba.
A al'adance an yi imani da cewa ana sakin methane ne sakamakon ayyukan ferment a cikin dabbobin. Amma a bayyane yake ba me yasa daga 1995 zuwa 2006 aka kiyaye abubuwan methane a cikin sararin samaniya a wannan matakin, kuma daga 2006 har zuwa yau ana ci gaba da karuwa a kowace shekara ta wannan adadin hannun jari? Sai bayan binciken masanin kimiyya Drew Schindel ya fara tattaunawa game da sabbin hanyoyin muhalli, la'akari da bita kan tasirin methane a sararin samaniya.
Gas da kansa kawai kashi 4 zuwa 9 ne. Ana fitar da Methane a sakamakon ayyukan ferment a cikin dabbobin. Musamman ma shanu. Sabili da haka, aiwatar da ci gaban yawan mutanen duniya, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin abinci, kuma, sakamakon haka, ci gaban dabbobin ciyarwa kai tsaye yana tasiri ci gaban tasirin kore. Tare tare da garkunan dabbobi, filayen binne kuma suna haɓaka waɗanda ke samar da methane, leɓar gas a cikin ayyukan haɓaka filin kuma suna bada gudummawa
A cikin al'adar makaranta, kowa yana ɗaukar ozone mai amfani. Amma kowane gas yana da amfani a wurin sa. Akwai nau'ikan ozone guda biyu: suna ƙunshe a cikin ƙwayoyin ozone da ƙwayoyin ozone. Tsohon yana kare ƙasa daga hasken ultraviolet, yayin da ƙarshen ya hana tsire-tsire, yana lalata karfin su na daukar hoto. A sakamakon haka, adadin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya yana ƙaruwa. An kiyasta tasirin gas a kashi 25 cikin dari na sakamakon CO2, amma a lokaci guda, sinadarin ozone yana ninka sakamakon carbon dioxide da kansa. Yawancin masana kimiyya sun lura cewa daidai ne saboda karuwar yawan sinadarin ozone a baya wanda duniya ta rasa ikon shan dioxide. Kwayoyin sunadarai na kwayar halitta ana kirkiro su ne sakamakon tasirin sunadarai na oxygen oxides, carbon monoxide da mahallin kwayoyin. Masu kara kuzari sune oxygen da hasken rana.
A aikace, hadewar wadannan abubuwan ya zama mai yuwuwa saboda ci gaban sufuri da hayakin kayayyakin karko a cikin yanayin. Rarraba iskar gas a duk faɗin duniya ba shi da daidaituwa, saboda yanayin samuwar. Mafi yawa suna tarawa a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi da yanayin zafi. Increasearuwar sinadarin ozone bashi da mahimmanci, amma raguwar ozone zai sa ya yiwu a ɗan raba abubuwan da ke tattare da carbon dioxide.
Dangane da bincike, idan ka saukar da sinadarin ozone zuwa al'ada, zaku iya fitar da tasirin carbon dioxide cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.
Nitrogen oxides
Nitric oxide shine mafi mahimmancin gas. Sau 298 ya fi aikin carbon dioxide; gudummawarsa ga dumamar yanayi ana kiyasta kashi 6 na yawan iskar gas. Nitrogen oxides ana yin sa ne sakamakon samin takin zamani da ya wajaba don haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa.
Isan Adam bai iya barin wannan nau'in takin ba, amma suna rikitar da sake zagayowar nitrogen a yanayi. Abubuwan amfanin gona kawai da zasu iya haɗa nitrogen a cikin sararin samaniya sune legumes da soya. Kawai suna iya kera nitrogen a cikin asalinsu don ci gaba da aiki.Mai takaici, dasa wadannan albarkatun gona ya ragu da amfani da sinadarin nitrogen. Shine wannan gas din da dan Adam yake bashi ruwan sama na acid.
Karin magana
Freons rukuni ne na gases tare da gurɓataccen tafasa. Ana amfani dasu a cikin kayan sanyi. Duk wani tsarin tsagewa, firiji ko injin daskarewa ba zai yiwu ba tare da freon ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwa na tsire-tsire sun ragu, amma ba su ɓace gaba ɗaya ba.
An baiyana akasin haka: tare da karuwa a zazzabi a sakamakon tasirin kore, ɗan adam yana ƙara buƙatar freon, a matsayin babban ɓangaren ɓangarorin sanyaya. Ba tare da tsarin tsagewa ba, ba ofishi guda, asibiti ko cibiyar kasuwanci za su yi aiki ba.
Freons suna da tasirin 1300-8500 sau mafi girma na carbon dioxide. An kiyasta adadin gas din na kashi ɗari cikin ɗari. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran gas, adadin onsanyan isan tsirara sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai wanda tasirinsa ke da wuya a tantance.
Tasirin Yanayi
Anaruwar zazzabi yana haifar da narkewa ta narke. Dusar kankara da kankara, waɗanda ƙarni da yawa suka tara a sandunan, yanzu suna kan aiwatar da ɓarna. Wannan zai haifar da karuwar matakan ruwa a cikin teku. Biranen marasa kan gado kamar Rome ko St. Petersburg za su cika ambaliya. Dole ne mutum ya yi fama da wahalar samun ruwa sama; sabon mazaunin mutane zai fara. Fertasar mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa a Turai - Netherlands za ta kasance ambaliyar ruwa, za a bar mutane da yawa ba tare da gida da abinci ba. Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen karuwar matakin teku da rabi da rabi a kowace shekara ɗari.
Canji mai mahimmanci zai fara bayan mita 5. Da alama canje-canje ba zai faru ba da daɗewa ba, amma menene yearsan shekaru ɗari don muhalli na ƙasa? Bugu da kari, mummunan sakamako yana ci gaba yanzu. Yawan ruwan sabo yana raguwa, wanda ke tilasta dan adam ya kara adadin tsire-tsire masu bushewa domin ban ruwa na amfanin gona. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ke nufin ƙara yawan amfani da kwal kuma sakamako na hayaƙi yana farawa akan lokaci.
Caan wasan kankara sune cellars na halitta. Microwayoyin da ke daskarar da su ta tsohuwar dabbobi biliyoyin shekarun da suka gabata daskararre cikin su. Abin da ke faruwa sakamakon narkewa yana da wuya a iya faɗi. Babu wanda zai iya tunanin yadda magungunan zamani ke shirye don wannan ƙalubalen.
Tasiri ga mutane
Don kwanciyar hankali, mutum yana buƙatar zazzabi a cikin yanki na 20-25 digiri. Canjin yanayin bazara, wanda ya kai digiri 50-52 a rana, na iya yin illa ga lafiyar. Sakamakon yanayin zafi, mutum yana da saurin bugun zuciya, hawan jini da bushewar ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 25, wasan kwaikwayon yana raguwa sau 2, daidaituwa na motsi yana raguwa, salts mai amfani da abubuwan da aka gano sun ɓace da sauri.
Rage sakamako na Greenhouse
Rage raguwa a cikin hanyoyin kore yana yiwuwa a hanyoyi da yawa. Daban-daban nau'in shuka - ƙara yawan bishiyoyi suna rage CO2 a cikin sararin sama, jinkirta magudanar kasar gona da tara tara tururi daga iska. Shuka ya hada da aikin gona.Wannan tsari mai tsada sosai yana rage adadin sinadarin ozone a cikin iska, yayin da yake rage tasirin da ake samu a cikin gidan.
Don mayar da metabolism na nitrogen, wajibi ne don haɓaka shuka ƙwayar ganyayyaki sau da yawa. Wannan zai ba da damar ɗaura nauyin nitrogen a cikin tushen tsirrai, yayin da rage girman adadin takin nitrogen.
Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a tsaurara matakan magance gandun daji da gobarar gaba daya. Manyan abubuwa na CO suna faruwa sakamakon waɗannan ayyukan.2 da sanyaya cikin yanayi.
Haɓaka aikin sake keɓaɓɓu. Misali ga duk duniya shi ne Switzerland, inda ake sake amfani da sharar ƙura har zuwa matuƙar. Yin sikelin da ƙasar ke haɓaka ta zama mai haɓaka da yin kuskure har ƙasar ta tilasta ta sayi datti daga maƙwabciyar Norway. Menene wannan ya ba da dangane da tasirin kore? Babu buƙatar ƙona kwal don samar da makamashi don samar da sababbin kayayyaki. Saboda haka, adadin CO yana raguwa2 a cikin yanayi.
Yi aiki a kan samar da makamashi da amfani da makamashi. Mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da keɓaɓɓiyar tsire-tsire sune tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin ruwa. Idan basu isa ba, zaku iya amfani da makaman nukiliya, amma gaskiyar magana ita ce mafi yawan makamashin duniya sun dogara da kwal. Sauya makamashi ba shekaru goma bane. Amma wannan zai ba da damar sau da yawa don rage watsi da carbon dioxide zuwa cikin sararin samaniya. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a kara ingancin tsirrai da ake da su, don bunkasa yanayin muhalli, hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da ba za a iya amfani da su ba: amfani da bangarorin hasken rana da masu tattara ruwa, kwalaben iska da matsoshin zafi. Babu damar damar adanawa.
Duk inda zai yiwu, musanya kowane man da gas na gas. Sakamakon konewar mai, ana fitar da samfuran konewa, wanda ya hada da carbon dioxide. Amma yawan fitar da mai daga iskar gas sau da yawa kasa da abubuwan gurɓata daga ƙarfe mai. Gas bai fitar da kuzari, baya buƙatar makamashi don dumama, kamar mai, kuma baya buƙatar na'urori na musamman don ƙonawa. Tare da haɓaka masu ƙarfin gidaje, wannan zai rage yawan zafin rana da kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari.
Kammalawa
Tasirin kore ba mummunan abu bane. Wata tambaya ita ce cewa ayyukan ɗan adam suna kawo tasirin ƙwayar shinkafa zuwa matakin gaba ɗaya. Idan lalatawar, rashin kulawa da kasa da ƙonewa da ɗimbin ɗamara da mai ba za a iya tsayawa ba, to a cikin ƙarni ana aiwatar da tsarin.
Ba a tsara jiki kawai don irin waɗannan manyan matakan wuta ba. Tuni a yau akwai wurare a cikin duniya waɗanda yanayin zafi lokacin zafi ya wuce digiri 50. A irin waɗannan yanayin ba shi yiwuwa rayuwa da aiki ta jiki.
A wannan tsari yana tasowa:
- Increasearuwar zazzabi yana haifar da hauhawar adadin hauhawar ruwa, wanda ke nufin cewa yawan tururin ruwa a cikin yanayin yana ƙaruwa.
- Rage ruwa mai kyau yana haifar da ƙarin buƙatar tsire-tsire na desalination da wutar lantarki, don hakar wanda kashi 80 na kwal a duniya yana ƙonewa.
- Yawan duniya yana girma, kuma babban abin da ke haifar da tasirin shinkafa shine carbon dioxide, wanda yake samarwa iska ne.
An yi imani cewa ci gaban tasirin kore bashi da alaƙa da ɗan adam. Zafin yanayin duniya ya canza kafin, ya kai yanayin zafi. Aikin ɗan adam shi ne yin komai domin tasirin kore ba zai sake maimaita kansa ba a tarihin Duniya, koda kuwa hakan ba mai yiwuwa ba ne - yanayin duniya zai zama mai tsabta ne kawai daga yaƙar gas ɗin gas.
Tasirin Greenhouse
Sakamakon haka, da abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin kore, suna da bambanci sosai. Tasirinta kan yanayi yana da ƙarfi musamman. Don yin bayani a cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, iskar gas na gas na iya haifar da manyan canje-canje:
- Rage ko karuwa a ruwan sama. A wasu yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi, ruwa sama sosai zai zama da wuya, yayin da wasu, akasin haka, za su sha wahala daga guguwa da kullun da ambaliya.
- Matsayin teku. Wannan zai zama ɗayan manyan abubuwan sakamako na tasirin kore. Sakamakon dusar kankara ta Antarctica da Greenland, za a cika ambaliyar ruwa, wanda zai ruguza duk matsugunan bakin teku. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa wani muhimmin sashi na yawan jama'a na zaune a cikinsu, wanda zai kasance ba tare da gidaje da kayan more rayuwa ba.
- Mutuwar halittu baki daya. A takaice, tasirin kore zai haifar da canjin yanayi. Sakamakon haka, yawancin jinsuna baza su iya dacewa da yanayin canji cikin hanzari ba kuma zasu mutu kawai. Bacewarsu daga sarkar abinci zai haifar da fitowar "sakamako domino".
Hakanan, canjin yanayi zai shafi lafiyar mutane. Sakamakon yanayin zafi mara nauyi na al'ada, yawan zuciya, huhun, da cututtuka na numfashi zai ƙaru sosai. Sabili da haka, babu wani fa'ida daga tasirin kore, amma cutar tana da matukar muhimmanci.
Taswirar GHG
Don fahimtar mafi girman yanayin da yanayin tasirin kore, Google ya tsara taswirar iskar gas a cikin 2012, wanda ke nuna inda a cikin duniya suke da yawa. Yin amfani da lambar launi, yana nuna matakin watsi da abubuwa a cikin dukkanin ƙasashe masu masana'antu. Lokacin halittar taswirar an ƙare har ƙarshe Yarjejeniyar Kyoto.
Tushen kuma mai haɓaka sabis ɗin: Google.com. Sharuɗɗan amfani.
Tunani: Menene Tsarin yarjejeniyar Kyoto kuma menene ainihin sa? A takaice, wannan yarjejeniya ce ta kasa da kasa da aka kammala don rage watsi da iskar gas ta shiga cikin duniyar duniyar don hana ko rage tasirin dumamar yanayi. Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ita ce ƙarin takaddama ga Babban Taron Tsarin Mulki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1992 (UNFCCC). Me yasa Kyoto? An karɓi wannan ka'idojin a cikin garin Kyoto na Jafananci a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1997 kuma ya yi aiki a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2005. Babban burin yarjejeniya tsakanin kasashen: a kwantar da hankula da iskar gas a cikin sararin samaniya a matakin da ba zai ba da damar yin illa mai illa ga yanayin yanayin duniya ba. Yanzu akwai mahalarta 192 zuwa ga yarjejeniyar Kyoto (jihohi 191 da Tarayyar Turai). A lokaci guda, Amurka ta sanya hannu, amma ba ta yarda ba, Protocol, Kanada bisa hukuma ta janye daga yarjejeniyar Kyoto ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2012.
Matakan don hanawa da rage tasirin kore
Canjin yanayi a duniya ya riga ya faru fiye da sau ɗaya. A takaice, sakamakonsu babban bala'i ne. Misali shine sanannen sanyin kankara. Tasirinsa ga halittu masu rai na da matukar muhimmanci. Wasu nau'ikan kawai sun mutu a cikin, kuma basu daidaita da yanayin sanyaya mai kaifi. Ragowar kankara daga wancan lokacin har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Antarctica da Greenland.
Me ake buƙatar yi don rage tasirin kore da kuma hana aukuwar bala'i na gaba? Yaya za a magance yadda ya kamata tare da matsalar duniya? A yanzu haka, duk abubuwanda suke taimakawa tara tarin gas a cikin sararin samaniya an riga an gano su. Dangane da masana da ke nazarin tushen jiki don tasirin kore, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance wannan matsalar:
- Rage fitar da abubuwan cutarwa sakamakon ayyukan masana'antu.
- A hankali gabatar da fasahar abokantaka ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi na daban. Wannan zai cire ko aƙalla yawan amfani da makamashin man fetir.
- Dakatar da bushewar aiki.
- Rage fitar da iskar gas mai guba shima yana taimakawa wajen kawar da rarar albarkatun kasa, saboda sune tushen methane, freon da nitrogen oxides.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance matsalar tasirin kore. Babban lamarin shi ne cewa gwagwarmayar za a yi amfani da shi a matakin kasa da kasa. Don gyara wannan yanayin, ƙoƙarin dukkan 'yan Adam wajibi ne. Iskar gas - matsala ce ta duniya, tana shafar duniya baki ɗaya, ba ƙasashe ɗai-ɗai ba.