Madagaskar Cowgirls Family - MeyaSassara - Karamin dangin tsuntsaye, dukkan nau'ikan suna da tsibiri zuwa Madagascar. A halin yanzu, ba a fahimci rarrabuwa a cikin wannan dangin - wasu masana game da dabi'ar dabbobi sun rarrabe shi azaman makiyayi (Rallidae), wasu suna rarrabe shi a matsayin kaza (Galliformes). Wani bangare mai kama da na halitta, musamman tsarin sternum, yayi Magana game da dangantawa da wadanda aka yi dasu. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin su - alal misali, kasancewar ɗumbin buɗaɗɗiyar buɗaɗɗiyar foda, ba halayyar makiyayi ba, da kuma rashin buɗe hanci na buɗewa. Kamar sauran dabbobi na Madagascar, makiyaya Madagascar sune sakamakon wani reshe na juyin halitta daga wasu nau'in, kuma na dogon lokaci ya ci gaba daban.
Dukkanin nau'ikan dabbobi guda uku na makiyaya na Madagascar an haɗa su a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya a matsayin jinsin rare. Raguwar yawan al'umma ya faru ne sakamakon raguwar yankin da ingancin mazaunan al'adu.
Matsakaicin girman tsuntsu, tsawonsa shine 30-32 cm. Jima'i baƙon abu bane sabon abu ga tsuntsaye - wani sifa mai ɗorewa, daɗaɗaɗɗen silsila a ƙarƙashin wutsiya da dogo mai fadi. Ingsayoyi suna gajarta, zagaye, kafafu da kyau. Gashin baki mai lankwasa ne. Dimorphism na jima'i (bambance-bambancen bayyane tsakanin mace da mace) ana bayyana su a cikin jinsin monium (Monias benschi).
Dukkanin nau'ikan makiyaya guda Madagascar suna da tarko a tsibirin Madagascar a cikin Tekun Indiya. Mafi yawan jama'a shine makiyayi mai launi iri ɗaya na Madagascar (Mesitornis unicolor), yana daidaitawa a wani yanki mai ƙyalƙyali a gabashin tsibirin. Madagascar makiyayi mai farin-jini (Mesitornis variegate) ana samun sa a tsibiran da ke bushe bushewar daji a yamma da arewacin tsibirin, da kuma monia (Monias benschi) a cikin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi masu ƙaya a cikin ɗan ƙaramin yanki tsakanin kudu maso gabas da tuddai 80 kilomita daga bakin tekun.
Makiyayan Madagascar suna jagoranci ƙasa, salon rayuwar rana. Al'adun su, musamman, kyautatattun abubuwa, suna kama da tattabarai. Lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto, suna ƙoƙarin tserewa da sauri ko yin karamin tashi. Suna tashi da wuya kuma ba da jinkiri ba, ga alama, karfinsu na tashi kusan yana raguwa. Suna zaune cikin rukuni daga 3 (a cikin farin makiyaya da makiyaya a bayyane) zuwa 10 (a cikin monia). Maimaitawar muryar ta bambanta, makiyaya a Madagascar galibi suna da muryoyi biyu na maza da mata.
Tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari, iri da ƙananan smallan fruitsan tsire-tsire. Ana iya ganin su sau da yawa suna marmarin cikin ganyayyaki da suka fadi saboda neman abinci.
An yi imani da cewa monia tsuntsaye ne masu yawa - suna iya samun polygyny ko polyandry. Makiyayan Madagascar suna da auren mace daya. Gida na dukkan nau'ikan ukun an gina su ne akan tsintsiya madaidaiciya ko a cikin cokali mai yatsa mai tsayi daga 0.6-3 m sama da ƙasa. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 1-3, lokacin kiwo yana daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. Chickks na nau'in brood, a lokacin haihuwa an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Da farko suna ƙoƙarin kasancewa tare da iyayensu.
Iyali: Mesitornithidae = Mesetiniformes, shagunan garken shanu, Madagascar cowgirls
MONIA (Monias benschi) tubalin sama daga launin toka ne, ya yi fari daga ƙasa. Mace tana da haske fiye da namiji, tunda makogwaronta da kirjinta suna da birgima ja. Dukkan maza da mata suna da aibobi akan kirji; bakin farin tabar ya rufe ido.
Monia ta zauna a yankuna masu yashi da ke cike da yadudduka masu yawa na tsawon 3-6 a tsayi. Tsuntsayen auren mace daya na Monia: mace da miji tare da maza da yawa (polyandry).
Sake haifuwa a cikin monia yana faruwa ne daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Gida yawanci yana cikin wuraren yashi a buɗe tare da gungun manyan bishiyoyi ko bushes da aka watse a wasu wurare a tsawan 1-2 m (i.e., ana iya samun dama ba tare da taimakon tashi ba). A gida ne lebur da na bakin ciki. A cikin ɓoye akwai yawancin kwai-fari-fari-guda ɗaya tare da farin aibobi, amma wani lokacin akwai ƙwai 2 ko uku. Namiji yakan yi incubates sannan ya tuka kajin.
An rufe karen a cikin duhu. Ci gaban Postembryonic yana faruwa a cikin nau'in kaza.
Monies suna ƙasa ne kawai kuma, ga alama, basa iya tashiwa. Tsoro, da dodanni ko da yaushe gudu. Da jin tsoro, sukan tashi daga wuri zuwa wani wuri kuma suna rawar jiki suna cewa: “nak-nak-nak.”, Wani lokacin “kvak.”
Bayanin
Matsakaicin girman tsuntsu, tsawonsa shine 30-332 cm. Jikin yana da ɗan sabon abu ga tsuntsaye - wani sifa mai ɗorewa, daɗaɗaɗɗen babban juyi da dogayen tsini. Ingsayoyi suna gajarta, zagaye, kafafu da kyau. Gashin baki mai lankwasa ne. Dimorphism na jima'i (bambance-bambancen bayyane tsakanin mace da mace) an bayyana shi kawai a cikin jinsin monium (Monias benschi).
Yaɗa
Dukkanin nau'ikan makiyaya guda Madagascar suna da tarko a tsibirin Madagascar a cikin Tekun Indiya. Mafi yawan jama'a shi ne makiyayi mai launi guda na Madagascar (Mesitornis bai dace ba), daidaitawa a cikin wani yanki mai laima mara nauyi a gabashin tsibirin. Tsarin dabbobi na farin makiyaya na Madagascar (Mesitornis variegate) ana samunsa a tsibiran dazuzzuka na busasshen daji a yamma da arewacin tsibirin, da monia (Monias benschi) a cikin busassun bishiyoyi masu karamin kwari a cikin karamin tsani tsakanin kudu maso gabas da tsaunuka 80 kilomita daga gabar.
Alamar waje ta Madagascar saniya.
Makiyan Madagascar mai farin fari-mai tsinkaye ne mai tsawon santimita 31. Tsarin babban daga jikinsa mai launin shuɗi ne, launin shuɗi a sashi na sama, farin ƙasa yana cike da fararen baƙar fata. An yi ciki da bakin ciki, daɗaɗɗen fuka, fata mai ƙarfi. Kirim mai tsayi ko kuma farin layin yana gudana akan ido.
Madagascar Cowgirl mai launin fari
Fuka fuka-fukan, gajerun fikafikai ne, kuma duk da cewa tsuntsun zai iya tashi, yana rike kusan a duk tsawon lokaci a saman kasa. Makiyayi mai fararen fata Madagascar lokacin da yake motsawa cikin mazaunin gandun daji yana da siliki mai halayyar launuka, mai launin toka mai duhu, madaidaiciya. Hakanan yana da ƙananan saukowa, m wutsiya da ƙanƙantar kai.
Smallan ƙaramin zobe mai shuɗi ya kewaye ido. Fuska mai kyau tare da baki cheekbones wanda ke cakuda matsala ba tare da kuncin haske ba. Kafafu suna gajeru. A lokacin motsi, wani makiyayin farin Madagascar wanda ke da fararen fata ya riƙe kansa, baya da wutsiya mai faɗi a sararin sama.
Halin fararen Madagascar cowgirl.
Makiyaya waɗanda ke da fararen fata Madagascar sune tsuntsayen sirrin da ke rayuwa a doron ƙasa cikin kananan mutane biyu zuwa huɗu. Da sanyin safiya ko kuma da rana, ana jin waƙar karin waƙa ta makiyayi mai baƙar fata ta Madagascar. A garken ƙunshi biyu daga manya tsuntsaye da matasa makiyaya. Suna tafiya cikin daji, suna ɗauke da gawar mutum a kwance, suna kuma sunkuyar da kawunansu baya da baya. Suna tafiya a hankali ƙarƙashin rawanin gandun daji, ganye mai gogewa don bincika wuraren motsa jiki. Tsuntsaye suna haƙa koyaushe a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, suna ɗiban ganyayyakin da suka faɗi kuma suna bincika ƙasa don neman abinci. Makiyaya masu fararen fata Madagascar suna hutawa cikin rukuni a kan keɓaɓɓun ganye a cikin inuwa, kuma da dare, zauna tare a ƙananan rassan. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi da wuya, idan akwai haɗari suna tashi flyan metersan mitoci a cikin yanayin zigzag, sau da yawa suna daskarewa a cikin ƙoƙari don rikitar da mai su.
Halin Fassarar Madagascar Cowgirl
Ciyar da fararen abinci Madagascar cowgirl.
Madagascar farin-giya mai shayarwa tana ciyar da abinci ne kai tsaye (manya da larvae), amma kuma suna cin abincin tsirrai (fruitsa fruitsan, tsaba, ganyayyaki). Abincin ya bambanta da lokacin, amma ya haɗa da murhu, katako, karnuka, gizo-gizo, ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari, kwari da baƙi.
Madagascar cowgirl ciyarwa
Habitats na farin-makiyayi Madagascar makiyayi.
Makiyaya masu farin fata-Madagascar suna rayuwa a bushe busasshen daji. An bazu daga matakin teku zuwa mita 150, ana rubuta wasu tsuntsaye a cikin gandun daji a tsawan mita 350. Wannan mazaunan karkatacciyar ƙasa sun fi son dazuzzuka marasa iyaka kusa da kogin (a kudu na kewayon) da kuma tsaftataccen gandun daji a cikin yashi (a arewa).
Babban abin birgewa shine Madagascar Cowgirl
Irƙirar farin makiyayi na Madagascar.
Dabbobin Madagascar masu launin fari-tsuntsu sune tsuntsaye masu aure da suke yin nau'i biyu da daɗewa. Sake bugun yana faruwa ne a lokacin damina a watan Nuwamba - Afrilu.
Mace suna sanya ƙwai yawanci daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, a cikin kamawa na 1-2 ƙwai. Gida wani yanki ne mai sauƙi na sandunan mara igiya wanda ke kusa da ƙasa a cikin ciyawar kusa-ruwa. Qwai fari tare da m. Chickks sun bayyana, an rufe su a ja-kasa-kasa.
Sake bugun Madagascar Cowgirl
Yawan fararen makiyaya na Madagascar.
Makiyan Madagascar mai farin fari-jinsuna ne, ba kasafai ake samun su ba, ko'ina ake samun matsuguni sosai. Babbar barazanar tana da nasaba da gobarar daji, guguwar daji da kuma ci gaban tsiro. Adadin makiyayan Madagascar da aka yiwa fari suna raguwa cikin sauri, gwargwadon asara da lalacewar mazauna cikin yankin. Madagascar Makiyayi mai White-breas ne mai rauni a cewar ƙungiyar IUCN.
Barazana ga lambobin farautar makiyayar Madagascar.
Makiyaya wadanda ke da fararen fata Madagascar da ke zaune a Ankarafantsika suna fuskantar barazanar gobara, kuma a cikin yankin Menabe, lalacewar gandun daji da fadada yankuna. Yankin daji yana cikin hadari saboda aikin gona-da ƙone gonaki (a cikin makircin), haka kuma gami da samar da gawayi. Doka da doka ba ta hanyar doka ba kuma tana yin barazanar neman tsuntsaye. Farauta tare da karnuka a cikin Menaba (galibi a watan Fabrairu) ya zo daidai da lokacin da kajin makiyaya suka bar gida kuma suka zama mafi saurin hasashe. Bugu da kari, canjin yanayin canjin yanayi yana haifar da wannan nau'in tsuntsayen.
Matakan kariya daga farin Madagascar
Matakan kariya daga farin Madagascar.
Makiyaya waɗanda ke da fararen fata Madagascar suna zaune a duk rukunoni shida, waɗanda sune mahimman yankuna na ƙasa inda shirye-shiryen tsaran yanayi suke aiki. Musamman ma ana yin su sosai a cikin hudu daga cikinsu: gandun daji na Menabe, filin shakatawa na Ankarafantsik, Ankaran da Analamera. Amma har a cikin wuraren da tsuntsayen ke jin ƙarancin tsaro, har yanzu ana fuskantar barazanar kasancewar jinsunan.
Ayyukan kiyayewa na fararen fiyayyen Madagascar.
Don kiyaye farin makiyaya Madagascar, ya zama tilas a gudanar da bincike don samun kimantawar adadi na ƙididdiga. Ci gaba da lura da abubuwan da ake samu a yawan jama'a. Saka idanu asarar mazaunin da lalacewa a wuraren da aka san inda ake samun tsuntsayen da ba a san su ba. Kare dazuzzuka bushe daga gobara da datti. Kawo dokar hana fita da kuma karen kare a yankin Menabe. Structureirƙiri tsarin kula da gandun daji da kuma aiwatar da aikin noma da ƙona aikin gona. Rictuntata damar zirga-zirga zuwa ciki na gandun daji. Yi la’akari da kiyaye rayayyun halittu a Madagascar domin zama babban fifikon kyautata muhalli.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Rayuwa
Makiyayan Madagascar suna jagoranci ƙasa, salon rayuwar rana. Al'adun su, musamman, kyautatattun abubuwa, suna kama da tattabarai. Lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto, suna ƙoƙarin tserewa da sauri ko yin karamin tashi. Suna tashi da wuya kuma ba da jinkiri ba, ga alama, ƙarfinsu na tashi ya kusan raguwa. Suna zaune cikin rukuni daga 3 (a cikin farin makiyaya da makiyaya a bayyane) zuwa 10 (a cikin monia). Maimaitawar muryar ta bambanta, makiyaya a Madagascar galibi suna da muryoyi biyu na maza da mata.
Tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari, iri da ƙananan smallan fruitsan tsire-tsire. Ana iya ganin su sau da yawa suna marmarin cikin ganyayyaki da suka fadi saboda neman abinci.
Ilimin lafiyar dabbobi
Madagascar farin-shanu mai ire-irensu nau'in daji ne, suna zaune a rukuni biyu daga mutane hudu zuwa hudu, ana iya ganin suna hutawa ko ciyarwa a ƙasa da rana. Ganyen launin tokare yana samarda tsari yayin da tsuntsayen ke ciyar da magaryar dajin, ke sanya takaddun litter din domin gano kwari. Abincin ya hada da irin ƙwaro, da milipedes, da baranda, daɗaɗɗu, da kwari, da gizo-gizo, da kuma irin su. Oviposition yana faruwa ne musamman daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu daga fari zuwa uku fararen kwai masu launin shuɗi. Buƙatun ƙasa tsari ne mai sauƙi na igiyoyi iri-iri, a cikin ciyayi, kuma kusa da ƙasa.
Rarraba
Yankin da aka fi so shine gandun daji marasa tsayayye kuma tsuntsu yana da iyakance rarraba akan shafuka biyar a arewaci da yammacin Madagascar, kuma ɗayan gabas, Ambatovaky Yanayin Halittu. Yankunan arewaci da na yamma sune Analamerana Nature Reserve, Ankarafantsika National Park, Ankarana Reserve na Musamman, dajin Daraina da dajin Menab.
Matsayi
Yawan wannan nau'in yana raguwa kuma ana hasashen zai ci gaba da yin hakan. Yana kula da tsangwama, kuma gidanta daji na fuskantar barazanar gami da kashe wutar daji. Bugu da kari, batun matsin lamba ya farauta. Unionungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da Halittar classabi'a ta mai da matsayin matsayin wannan tsuntsun a matsayin "mai rauni."