Gida »Kayan aiki» Bayanan kula » Rana: 03/09/2015 | Ra'ayoyi: 11567 | Tunani: 0
"A cikin vivo da bear yawanci yakan zauna a cikin magudanan ruwa na koguna, inda ƙasa ake samun isasshen wadataccen ruwa ”(Farfesa F. N. Pravdin).
“Sun fi son wuraren bushewa da busasshiyar ƙasa, su ma suna zaune kusa da ruwa, inda gashin kann, siliki masu kama da kariya daga danshi. Bea canan wake suna iya yin iyo da ruwa har tsawon lokaci ”(Max Bayer da Franz Heikertinger).
". Udan zuma suna zaune a cikin yashi mai haske da yumɓu masu yumɓu masu nauyi kuma, a mafi yawancin lokuta, suna zuwa farfaɗo yayin lokutan kiwo, a watan Mayu da Yuni, a lokaci guda ana jin “kukansu”, wanda yayi kama da na awaki. Yankunan su a ƙasa suna haƙa sama da ƙasa, kawai a kusa da gida - a cikin karkace wanda yake kaiwa daga wannan gefe zuwa gida, daga ɗayan - zuwa farfajiya. A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, an tono waɗannan rafin daga zurfin "adit", waɗanda ke juyar da ruwan sama "(Peter Richelle).
Medvedka - cousinan uwanta mafi kusanci ga wasan kurket da ciyawa, amma yaya sabanin '' uwan '' 'ta! A waje, ba shakka. Sunan Latinsa "grillothalpa" yana nufin an fassara shi zuwa Rashanci a matsayin "cricket-mole". Jamusawan suna kiranta Mole wasan kurket, da kuma a wasu wuraren - “katuwar ƙasa”. Dabarar cutar sankara da sunan Rasha “bear” ba a sani ba, watakila sananne da ya sa wannan kwaro ya kasance dalilin.
“Dangane da kamalar dacewa, gindi na gaba na beyar ba shi da kashin gaban gaban kwayar ta. "(Farfesa F. N. Pravdin).
Amma a gaban kwayar, kamar karamar bera wanda yake tono cikin qasa duk dare, yana da dama da yawa na "muhalli". Mun riga mun san cewa tana iyo sosai (duk da haka, kwayar ta iya wannan). Amma da dukkan muradin, ba zai iya tashiwa ba. Da bears?
"Bayan faduwar rana ne kawai suke zuwa saman fili suyi zirga-zirga cikin duhu ko da gajerun jiragen, kuma kodayake da alama ba za a tsammaci irin wannan dabbar dabbar ba, amma tare da wani“ kwalliyar ”da hayaniya, suna tashi zuwa wuraren da ke da haske” () Max Bayer da Franz Heikertinger).
Bears asali a watan Yuni - Yuli. Matar ba ta da ovipositor, saboda haka qwai. Amma yana da kyau a sake saurarar masana.
“Mace tana shiryawa a zurfin sama da santimita 8 na ɗakunan girke-girke na cikin gida, ganuwar jikinta an rufe ta. Anan ta sanya kwai. a fili a tsibi. Babu damuwa ga zuriya, amma kwanciya yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar mace har wani lokaci. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, ana buƙatar shekaru 2-2.5 don cikakken ci gaban larva na bears na bears "(Max Bayer da Franz Heikertinger).
“Gida ita kanta ɗakin ɗaki ne mai kimanin kwai kaza tare da shinge mai kama. Tana ƙarƙashin wuraren da aka hana tsire-tsire, ko tsire-tsire da ke sama an lalace: beyar ta ciji asalinsu. A ƙasa sama da n Saboda haka yana da kyau warmed sama da rana. Yankin da yake zaune a kan gado yakan kasance ne daga santimita 5 zuwa 10 a kasa da duniya, wani lokacin ma a mafi zurfin - har zuwa mita 1. A cikin wannan gidan, macen ta sanya daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba daga kwayoyi 200 zuwa 300 a cikin tsika daban. Akwai ƙwai da larvae na shekaru daban-daban a ciki.
Qwai da ƙudan zuma a cikin gida (hoto a ƙasa)
Mace ta kula da qwai da larvae (har sai molt na biyu) - licks. Wannan amincin kulawa da zuriya yana kare qwai da larvae daga jujjuya da tsare-tsare na fungi. Ya danganta da yawan zafin jiki, larvae ƙyanƙyashe 1.5-4 makonni bayan oviposition; a cikin fall, har ma bayan makonni 5-6. Da farko, suna ciyar da humus da Tushen da ke fitowa zuwa cikin ɗakin, wanda kullun sabo ne, saboda mahaifiyar beyar ta kan “mirgine” ganuwar ɗakin ”(Peter Richelle).
“Bears na iya motsawa a cikin hanyar karkashin kasa gaba da baya. A juzu'in, mafi tsayi mai laushi, mai laushi gashi yana matsayin "eriya masu zuwa". Mace tana shirya ɗakuna na musamman don kwanciya kwai, wanda saurin wucewa tare da zurfin kusan santimita 8 yana kaiwa daga saman. Kyamara tana da kusan santimita 5-10. Matar tana matso bangonta da “garkuwar wuyansa” da ƙarfi sosai har za'a iya cire kyamarar gabaɗaya tare da duniyar dake kewaye. A cikin tantanin halitta akwai ƙwai 200-300, waɗanda mace ke ba da kariya na ɗan lokaci. A Tsakiyar Turai, ci gaban larvae yana shekaru 1.5-2. Tsofaffi ko manya masu ruwa da tsaki ”(Kurt Gunther).
Kayan beyar suna kama da mayukan tawadar Allah.
Daga abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, an juya cewa ko da masana suna da ra'ayi game da beyar, don saka shi a hankali, ba dukansu ne suka yarda ba. Amma wannan kwari mai ban mamaki yana da nisa sosai, sha'awar ilimi: inda beyar ya zauna da yawa, suna lalata tushen tsire-tsire masu yawa - dankali, cucumbers, masara, auduga, shinkafa.
Manya suna ciyar da yawancin nau'in larvae na ladybugs (dukansu suna da amfani ga tattalin arzikin ɗan adam!), Butan tsana tsintsaye, caterpillars da ƙwayoyin Mayu (waɗannan sun riga sun cutarwa!). Ko da irin wannan ƙazamin abu mai ƙarfi da guba kamar tarantula, yakan sami beyar don cin abincin rana.
A cikin beyar, yana da ban sha'awa, kamar a tarantula, makami mai kariya na irin wannan yanayin: duka tarantula da “cricket-mole”, a firgita, suna bincike ta hanyar mai matsala. saka makon shigar ruwa ruwa!
Bears ya bayyana a duniya kimanin miliyan 35 da suka gabata. Yanzu akwai nau'ikan kusan 40 a cikinsu a cikin duniya.
Matakan sarrafawa
A cikin bazara, an shirya ramuka na farauta tare da zurfin har zuwa 40-60 santimita. Suna yada taki ko wasu kayan da zasu iya kawo zafi. Kwayoyin cuta suna ɓoyewa a cikin irin wannan mafaka, ya rage zuwa kama da lokaci-lokaci.
A lokacin rani, ƙayyade wuraren da mace ta yi gida (a kan faci m). A Hankali tono fitar da gida da sauri sosai domin larvae ba su gudu, zuba tafasasshen ruwa a kanta. Insectswararrun ƙwayoyin cuta suna tarawa kuma sun lalace. Aiwatar da magunguna, bait da aka sayar a shagunan don magance beyar.
A dare, yana yiwuwa a tara manya da ke tashi zuwa ga haske. A waɗancan wuraren da wutar lantarki take, haske zai zama tushen wutan lantarki. Kuna iya siyan fitilun na musamman akan batura. Don adana mai tushe da tushen tsarin tsirrai daga beyar, idan ya zama ruwan-dare, saka tabarau a kan kowane shuka ba tare da tushe daga kwalayen filastik ba (santimita 15-20).
Medvedka kwaro ne mai haɗari. Don magance shi yana buƙatar haƙuri, lokaci. Kuma waɗanda suke son haɓaka albarkatu tabbas ba za su ci nasara ba. Amma muna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗayan ɗaukacin duk lambu inda beyar ya nuna kansa.
Kiwo Bears
Udan zuma fara farawa a cikin bazara, bayan fitowar taro daga hunturu. Takin ciki a cikinsu shine maniyyi, kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu wakilan orthoptera. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi Zuriya suna bayyana a lokacin rani.
Ga zuriyarsu, kwari suna shirya mazaunin: suna tono hadaddun, ɗakunan zane mai ɗumbin yawa a kusa da tushen tsirrai kuma a ƙasan zurfin (5-10 cm daga farfajiyar) suna shirya filayen keɓaɓɓun kusan 10 cm a diamita. Ta wannan hanyar, daidaikun mutane maza da mata ke shiga. A cikin ƙwallon ɗakin ɗakin ɗakin ɗinka yana da girman kwai kaza, ganuwar jikinsu an rufe su sosai. A can, dabbar beyar ta sanya daga 300-350 zuwa qwai 600. Wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci don rayuwar kwari, saboda zuriya waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin ƙasa sun dogara ne da yawan zafin jiki da laima. Matar ba ta motsa daga gida, tana kiyaye shi, yana riƙe da samun iska da zazzabi. Don yin wannan, yana tsabtace sassa daga ƙasa, yana cinye tushen tsirrai waɗanda ke jefa inuwa a shafin yanar gizon. Bear qwai suna kama da hatsi na gero: m, launin rawaya-launin toka, 2 mm a girman.
Bayan kwanaki 10-20, gwargwadon yanayin ƙasa, launin toka, mai kafa shida, larvae mai ƙwanƙwasawa (nymphs) barin ƙwai, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin maza a ƙarƙashin kariyar mace na kwanaki 20-30. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, mace fara daskarewa kuma bayan wani lokaci ya mutu. Bayan wannan, larvae na beree creep, tono raba ramuka kuma fara ciyar.
Haɓaka larvae yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci, tare da canjin da bai cika ba. A yankuna daban daban, wannan lokacin ya sha bamban. A kudu, suna haɓaka cikin shekaru 1-2, a cikin shekaru 2-2.5. Tsutsa na beyar yana kama da tsoho, amma tare da ƙarami masu girma dabam, fuka-fukan da ba a taɓa samun su ba. A farkon matakan haɓaka, suna da hannu sosai, suna da ƙarfi kuma suna tsalle da kyau, kamar ciyayi. A lokacin da ci gaban daga tsutsa zuwa wani balagagge balagagge mutum, da Bears molt 8-9 sau.
Larvae na kowa bear. Hoto daga: Roman Špaček
Yadda za a magance beyar
Ba ƙaunar pungent na wari, bean bears ya bar ƙasashe inda tafarnuwa, albasa, faski, Mint, alder, da ceri tsuntsu suka girma. Isasshen haɗuwarsu a cikin gadaje tare da wasu albarkatu don tabbatar da lambun.
Daga cikin hanyoyin injina na kwaro, za mu ambaci zurfin kwance na ƙasa tare da dunƙule daga yadudduka. Koyaya, ya fi mahimmanci don hana kwari daga mamaye wurin. Suna shigo da sau da yawa tare da taki, wanda takin kasar gona.
Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don wadatar da ƙasa a cikin kaka, bayan girbi, kafin lokacin sanyi, saboda kwari ba su iya daidaitawa da shirya don hunturu. Dole ne kuma amfani da abin da ake kira ripened taki
Daga hanyoyin dabarun sarrafa kwaro, rarraba hatsin masara mai guba a kan wani tsari ya dace. Suna narke a Wofatox ko shirye-shiryen makamancin wannan. Ya kuma yanke shawarar aiwatar da hanya a cikin bazara.
Medvedka ita ce kwaro mai iya iyo da tashi.
Yawan ƙananan kwari masu cutarwa a cikin yankin an rage su da kashi 80-90%. Yin amfani da sinadaran ya barata ga yawan jama’ar da ke cikin rukunin yanar gizon. Kalmar tana nufin yawan jama'a ne na ƙasar kwari. A kan murabba'in murabba'in ya kamata a sami bears 3 ko fiye.
Sauya sunadarai tare da ash. Yanayin alkaline da kamshin da yakeyi. Udan zuma ba su kusanci da gadaje tare da kewaye wanda aka yi ash. Koyaya, akan alkaline da tsaka tsakin ƙasa yana da fifiko, yana ƙaruwa da ph na duniya, yana haɓaka ci gaban amfanin gona da yawa
Tun da bears suna son damp, yana da mahimmanci a lura da tsarin shawo kan tsirrai ba tare da ambaliyar ba
Wannan ba a haɗa shi kawai tare da ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cutarwa ba, har ma tare da juya tushen asalinsu. Duk da barazanar da bera ta yiwa yan lambu, kwari na iya zama da amfani. Populating da ƙasa a matsakaici, da Bears kwance shi. Wannan yana haɓaka damar zuwa duniyar iskar oxygen wanda ya cancanci ci gaban tsirrai.
Menene bera ya ci
Abincin bera yana da yawa: tushen tsarin, tubers, tsaba, ɓangaren ƙasa na shuka, harbe matasa. 'Ya'yan itace, kayan lambu, berries, kayan lambu, gourds don dandana wa kwaro:
- gwoza
- dankali
- kabeji
- cucumbers
- barkono
- tumatir
- guna
- kankana
- sunflower
- strawberries
- faski
- wake
- alkama
- hatsi
- masara
- gero
- bishiyoyi daban-daban
Adultaya daga cikin manya a kowane dare na iya kashe tsire-tsire har 15.
A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi, kwaro yana cin 'ya'yan itacen Citrus, auduga, shayi, gyada. A cikin orchards, bishiyoyi suna shan wahala daga ciyawar kabeji: ceri, pear, itacen apple, peach, apricot. A cikin gandun daji, tushen kananan bishiyoyi sun faɗi cikin abincin da irin ƙwaro: itacen oak, itacen kan layi, ƙwaya, beech.
Wani dattijo ɗan farauta ne wanda ke cin tsutsotsi, ladybugs, larva na Mayu da gwoza Colorado. Sau da yawa, tsire-tsire suna mutuwa saboda kabeji yana motsawa a ƙasa don bincika abincin dabbobi kuma yana lalata tsarin tushe a hanyarsa.
Tsutsa na beyar yana ciyar da kan ƙananan tushen, tsaba, tsutsotsi, ƙanƙara kwari, saboda yana haifar da yanayin tsaka-tsaki kuma ya sami ci gaba jaws.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Gashi kwaro ne ko dabba da ke yin gida a ƙasa. Ganuwar ta an crumple ƙasa. A ciki kwayar halitta ce da qwai. Gida yana kusa da shimfiɗa, sau da yawa akan gefen gado na rana. Lokacin fara kiwo ya fara a watan Mayu, yana karewa a farkon rabin Yuni. A wannan lokacin, kwari ne musamman a dare.
Fitowar larvae daga qwai yana daukar wata daya. Newan jarirai ba su da fikafikai, suna da dogayen gabbai, kamar ciyayi. Hatta kananan dabbobi suna da jajayoyi masu rauni. Suna cin ƙananan Tushen ne, tsutsotsi, da kuma ɗan takin.
Koyaya, cinyoyin babban bera basu isa su ciji mutum ba. Amma kwaro na iya tsunkule gaban, ya canza yatsun hannu da yatsa. Spiky outgrowths a kan kafafu na kwaro sun tono a cikin fata, kamar tsinke. Saboda haka tambaya akai-akai na ko beyar ciza. 'Yan lambu sun ciji abin da ba su bane.
'Yan lambu da ba su da galibi sukan rikitar da irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro tare da ƙudan bear bear
Juyawa cikin mutane manya, lardin da dabbar ta zubar sau 8, suna samun sabon "carapace". Yana ɗaukar shekaru 1-2 don girma. Don haifuwa, wani 1.5 ya rage. Fiye da shekaru 3.5, bears da wuya yayi rayuwa.
Idan kwaro bai mutu mutuwarsa ba, za a ci shi kuma ba koyaushe bane ta tsuntsaye. A cikin kasashen Asiya, alal misali a Thailand, ana ɗaukar beyar abinci mai ɗanɗano. A wasu jihohin, ana ɗauke da kwari don kamun kifi kamar ƙura. Don haka bears din ya fada cikin munanan abubuwan da ke fada.
Bear Bayanin da hoto
Kwaro na beyar ya yatsun kafafunsa na gaba, babba ne, mai launin ruwan kasa-brown, saboda haka ana kwatanta shi da beyar launin ruwan kasa. Saboda haka sunan. A cikin mutane, irin ƙwaro, wanda ke son cin seedlingsanyen matasa na kabeji, ya sami suna na biyu - "kabeji".
An ɗauki hoto: michel-candel Gryllotalpa - Orthoptera (lasisi)
Hoto na wasan kwaikwayo na MirandaKate tawadar Allah (lasisi)
Akwai kuma wani sunan Latin a hukumance - Gryllotalpa, wanda ke nufin "cricket-mole." Cricket da kabeji suna da tsarin jiki iri ɗaya kuma suna da ikon yin sautuna. Amfani da kwayar halitta ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ikon motsawa ta karkashin kasa ta amfani da fadada goge-gogen na goshin.
Garan da aka fi sani yana da bayyanar tsoro. Tsawon jikinta, yin la'akari da wutsiya da gashin baki, shine 12 cm.
Cikakken bayanin, hoto da kuma halayen bear:
- siffar jiki sili
- tsayin jiki 5-7 cm, kai da ciki ana samun kariya ta harsashi
- tagwayen tantin da kuma gashin baki mai tsayi a kai
- nau'i biyu na fuka-fuki (na farko gajere ne kuma oval, na biyun na kunkuntar kuma tsawonsu), ana jingina a bayan, tare da taimakon irin wannan fikafikan kabeji na iya tashi zuwa tsawan 5 m daga ƙasa
- bulging, kananan idanu
- shebur-mai siffa da kuma manyan goshi tare da m, tare da taimakon abin da kwari a sauƙaƙe cikin ƙasa
- bsan ƙafa biyu na biyu dogaye ne na bakin ciki, an tsara su don motsi mai sauri akan farfajiyar ƙasa
- kafafu masu dogon hancin suna barin kwaro yayi tsalle
Abin da beyar ya yi kama kuma ana iya ganin tsutsa a cikin hoto.
Yaƙi beyar a cikin lambu ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne. Wasu larvae da manya suna cin tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu cin ciyawa, waɗanda kuma suke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Amma har yanzu masu lambu sun dauki matakan kawar da kabeji don adana albarkatu daga mutuwa.
Sau da yawa, mazauna bazara da kansu suna ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar kwaro a cikin lambu lokacin da suka shigo da taki don takin ƙasar da kabeji da lardin su ke zaune.
Kwaro da kwaro da rayuwa
Medvedka babban kwaro ne na orthoptera. Jikinta ya ƙunshi cephalothorax da ciki kuma zai iya kaiwa tsawon cm 6. An rufe kwaroron tare da ƙoshin caraf mai yawa, saboda wannan shine ake kira "cutar daji."
Medvedka yana da haɗari ga duk amfanin gona da aka girma a gonar, amma yana da haɗari musamman ga tushen tumatir, kabeji, karas, barkono da ƙwayayen dankalin turawa. Kwaro ya ci tushen tsarin kayan lambu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsa saboda rashin iyawar abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa
A kan kai akwai manyan idanu biyu, antennae da tantuna. Kafafun gaba suna da gajeru, amma suna da ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka tsara su don haƙa abubuwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A ƙarshen ƙarshen ciki akwai matakai biyu har zuwa 1 cm tsayi.
Kwaro yana da elytra da manyan fuka-fuki, godiya ga wanda yake motsawa ta cikin iska.Bugu da kari, yana iyo sosai kuma yana gudu da sauri, amma duk da haka ya gwammace ya ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa a karkashin kasa.
Yanayin rayuwar beyar yana da wahala sosai. A lokacin lokacin kiwo, wanda ya ƙare daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, mata suna gina sheƙansu da kwan ƙwai. A cikin ɗayan juji ɗaya za'a iya zuwa larvae 500 na gaba.
Gida yana zaune a zurfin na 10-15 cm kuma yana kama da ƙaramin laushi da ƙusoshin ciki. Don ingantaccen haɓakar ƙwai da samuwar larvae, ana buƙatar zafi mai laushi, wanda mace ke sarrafa shi, rufe mashigar ruwa in ya cancanta.
Bayan kwanaki 10-18, larvae ya bayyana daga qwai. A waje, suna kama da manya, amma an bambanta girman su da rashin fikafikan su. Tun da ya bar gida, matashin yana motsawa ta cikin hanyoyin ruwan da aka gama, suna cin ragaran abubuwan. Bayan watanni 10-12, lokacin girma ya kai girman babban mutum kuma ya sami damar tono sassan ƙasa da kanta.
Kapustyanka / Medvedka - kwaro wanda ya kai 5-8 cm a tsayi, yana da ƙarancin sheki kuma yana cinye mafi yawan lokaci a cikin jirgin ƙasa. Yana rayayye yana motsawa da sauri yana motsa nisa
Akwai alamu guda uku don gano bayyanar beyar a cikin gida mai rani:
- bushewar tsire-tsire
- bayyanar a kan ƙasa farfajiya na ramuka mai zurfi tare da diamita na har zuwa 1.5 cm,
- kasancewar waƙar da earthen suke bayyane bayan ruwan sama ko ruwa.
Bayan lura da waɗannan alamun a shafin yanar gizon ku, ɗauki matakan magance kwaro. Wannan zai adana amfanin gona da hana haɓaka cikin hanzari na yawan kabeji.
Cake crustacean / bear bear yana da haɗari ga amfanin gona - yana cin tubersa tubersan itace da tushen kayan lambu, wanda ke haifar da bushewar su da mutuwa. Kamar wata kwari iya "yanka" wani yanki babban saukowa fairly
Biran tarko
Aarsan Bears ba su iya yin tsayayya da wannan abin sha ba. Tarkunan an yi su ne da kwalba na gilashin ko kwalabe: ana iya haƙa rami a cikin ƙasa (tare da gangara), 50 g na giya an zuba a ciki, kuma an ɗaure su da giwa a saman. Kwari suna lalata ado da kayan ado kuma suka fada tarko da basa iya fita daga ciki. Bayan wani lokaci, bankin zai cika da bears kuma zai zama da sauki a rusa su.
Tarkon zuma
Wani zabin don kawar da beyar tare da magungunan mutane na iya zama amfani da tarkon zuma.
An gina su bisa ƙa'idar hanyar da ta gabata, amma an maye gurbin giya tare da zuma, kuma maimakon jujjuya, suna amfani da wani ƙarfe ko kwali wanda zai rufe rabin. Lokacin da tarko ya cika dole ne a maye gurbinsa da sabon.
Qwai
A cikin hunturu, zaku iya tattara hean ƙwai. An haɗu da shi da man kayan lambu kuma an zuba shi a cikin ramuka da aka ƙudurta da beyar. Irin wannan maganin zai iya fitar da beyar daga yankin. Hakanan zaka iya murkushe harsashi zuwa gari kuma ka haxa tare da ƙasa wacce ake shirin dasa shuki. Idan kwaro ya dandana harsashi, zai mutu.
Yin amfani da wari mara dadi don beyar
Wasu kamshi na tsoratar da wadannan kwari. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kayan ƙanshi:
- Mint ganye da tafarnuwa, albasa husks (yada kai tsaye a kan gadaje),
- rassan allura, Willow, alder, Chrysanthemum (tono a ƙasa),
- marigolds, marigold, wake, flax (dasa a wurare daban-daban a cikin lambu),
- kawuna da wutsiyoyi na kifi (an binne su a gadaje tsakanin tsirrai).
Wadannan warin suna iya kare kan bera na tsawon makonni 2 (banda maɓoyan tushen wari).
Dung tara kamar koto
Kwaro za a iya cire ta hanyar shirya tarkuna na taki: tsibin tsiran da dole ne a shimfiɗa a ko'ina cikin shafin. Da farkon kwanaki masu dumin zafi, da bears tabbas za su yi rarrafe a cikin su kuma su fara kirkiro burrows a ciki domin kwanciya ƙwai. Bayan bincika irin wannan tarko da gano kwari a ciki, kuna buƙatar ƙona shi. A wannan yanayin, za a lalata manya tare da larvae.
Wannan hanya ce mai matukar tasiri don sarrafa kwari. Kuna iya shirya “kwaro lokacin hunturu” a gaba. Don yin wannan, tono ramuka a wurare daban-daban a cikin yanki na bazara a ƙarshen kaka kuma cika su da takin ko taki. Tare da farawa na sanyi, abubuwan da ke cikin ramuka suna warwatse akan farfajiya tare da shebur. Kwari ba su da lokacin da zasu shiga cikin ƙasa su daskare.
Farauta rami
Tsohon hanyar kama beyar
A lokacin kaka, a yankin da bears suka zauna, sun tono ramuka da yawa har zuwa zurfin mita 0.8, an zuba ciyawar doki ko takin a cikin ramuka, bayan da kwari suka yanke shawarar yin hunturu a wurin, ramuka suna buɗewa da lalata kwari.
Daga harsashi
Baits gama gari don kabeji
Haɗa kai an yi shi ne daga ƙwanƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙwanƙwasa da man sunflower da ba a bayyana ba.
Bayan kabeji ya ci irin wannan “magani”, zai sami mawuyacin hali.
Kuna iya ƙoƙarin "bi da" bear da ƙarar baranda.
Irin wannan abincin yana jan kwari
Don shirya shi, Mix rabin kilo na tafarnuwa mai kyau sosai (oatmeal, sha'ir, buckwheat) tare da tablespoon na man sunflower da ba a bayyana shi ba da manpopo na Regent guda ɗaya.
An shimfiɗa koto a cikin sassan jikin bear ta hanyar 0.3-0.5 cokali kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
Hakanan zaka iya shirya koto daga hatsi (sha'ir, masara, alkama), hatsi suna dafawa kuma sun haɗu da man sunflower da metaphos (50 grams a kilo na hatsi).
Daga burodi
Bait da aka yi da burodi tare da ashana ma zai taimaka wajen yakar beyar.
Don irin wannan koto, kuna buƙatar burodi mai laushi na baki, wanda aka sanyaya shi da ruwa, yayyafa kuma mirgine ƙananan kwallaye.
A kowane kwallon sanda itace 10 wasa kai ƙasa.
Bayan sanyaya gurasar burodi, sai an fitar da wasannin, za a yaranar da karar a cikin kananan kwallaye kuma a warwatse ko'ina cikin lambun, ko kuma a sanya kai tsaye cikin motsa.
Chemical daga bear
A halin yanzu, akwai shirye-shiryen sunadarai da aka yi niyya musamman don yakar beyar, kuma, bisa ga bayanin su, ba sa cutar da sauran mazaunan gatan.
Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna narkewa cikin ruwa, bayan wannan an zubar da mafita a cikin gadaje ko hanyoyin kwanuka.
Yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da kemikal azaman makoma ta ƙarshe
Abubuwan sunadarai na zamani sun hada da:
- Bankol (yana hana tsarin juyayin tsakiyar kwaro), samfurin bai tara a cikin ƙasa ba kuma baya barazanar dabbobi.
- Tsawa. An shimfiɗa kayan aiki tare da motsawar beyar kuma an zuba shi da ruwa. Tasirin yana nan da sati biyu,
- Karin Phenaxin. Baungiyar babba, wadda ke jan burki da ƙanshi da dandano, bayan cin phenaxin, kwaro ya mutu,
- Grizzly kai Da kyau halaka larvae, bayan aiki suka mutu a cikin yini, sakamakon yana zuwa har zuwa makonni hudu,
- Medvetox. Tasirin daidai yake da na phenaxin, don haɓaka shi, za a iya zubar da koto tare da man daɗaɗɗa sunflower,
- Rembek. Wannan an sarrafa shi gero da kera, da ake sanyawa a cikin ramuka tare da seedlings na fure da kayan lambu.
Masu siyarwa
Gwada mai siyar da kwari
Effectarancin sakamakon amfani da na'urori masu ƙarancin yanayi na iya kasancewa lokacin amfani da irin waɗannan masu siyarwa a hade tare da sauran hanyoyin kemikal da ƙwarewar sarrafawa.
Zai fi dacewa kuma mafi aminci ga magance kabeji tare da magungunan jama'a.
Hoto na beyar a ƙasa
- Hanyar ta dace da bazara da bazara. Ana iya samun tasirin sakamako a farkon bazara, kafin a tono gonar. Takeauki murfin ƙarfe ko zanen gado. Yada a cikin rana domin baƙin ƙarfe yayi zafi sosai a rana. Kapustyanka ta fashe da kuka don dumama. Sannan kun rusa shi.
- hanya. Don adana seedlingsan matasa, an dasa ganye a ƙasa da takarda mai kauri kafin dasawa. Wannan kariyar zata taimaka da farko don adana karar da tsirrai. Seedlings girma da karfi da kwaro iya daina halakar da shi.
- hanya. Shuka tsire-tsire waɗanda ba sa son waɗannan kwari. Udan zuma ba sa son ƙanshi na marigolds. Ta hanyar dasa wannan fure mara ma'ana tsakanin gadaje da tsirrai, zaku iya fitar da ƙwayar cutarwa daga rukunin ku.
- hanya. Hakanan zaka iya rabu da kabeji tare da taimakon kwalban gwal na banal. Sanya zuma da ƙulle a wurin kuma ku tono a wuya. Kwayoyin da kansu za su faɗa cikin tarko.
- hanya. Wata igiya da aka sanya da kerosene a kuma shimfiɗa ta a ƙasa kusa da shi zai taimaka wajen adana gidan kore.
Ruwa tare da foda mai wankewa
Duk wani tsada mai tsabta an narke shi a cikin ruwa a gwargwadon 4 tbsp. spoons da lita 10. Ana magance wannan maganin a cikin ramuka da aka samo a gonar. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana zuba lita 3 na sakamakon da aka samo a cikin rijiyar. Amma yana da daraja la'akari da cewa yana iya kutsa ƙasa da cutar da tushen tsirrai, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar cin zarafin wannan hanyar ba.
Chemical Kemal Bears
Wadannan sun hada da: “Phenoxin Plus”, “Prestige 290 FS”, “Actar 25 WG”, “Medvetoks”, “Bankol”, “tsawa”. Granules suna bacci a cikin hanyoyin. Kashegari, kwari sukan mutu. Hakanan zaka iya shirya koto don beyar kuma ƙara ɗayan magungunan da ke sama akan abubuwan da ke ciki. Don yin wannan, tafasa tafarnuwa (sha'ir lu'ulu'u ko alkama), ƙara giya da magani.
An cakuda cakuda cikin ƙananan kwallaye kuma an shimfiɗa su a cikin wuraren tattara burrows na kwari tare da larvae, da kuma a cikin gadaje waɗanda ke buƙatar kariya mafi yawa (alal misali, a gadaje tare da amfanin gona mai tushe, kabeji, dankali, cucumbers da tumatir). Af, zaka iya jawo hankalin bear da ta hanyar haɗa sinadarai tare da 'ya'yan itacen kwamba.
Kerosene
Don kawar da kwari, tare da layuka na gadaje hanyoyi suna yayyafa tare da cakuda kerosene da yashi. Hakanan zaka iya Mix 100 ml na kerosene tare da 1 lita na ruwa kuma zuba cikin hanyoyin da bera ta haƙo. Wannan kwaro na iya lalata tushen tsire-tsire ba wai kawai a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba, har ma a cikin greenhouse. Don kare tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da kerosene, suna sanyaya igiya kuma sanya shi a kusa da ginin, a wannan yanayin warin zai tsoratar da beyar.
Gurasar Gurasar
Danshi da burodin launin ruwan kasa da ruwa, hadawa kuma mirgina ballsan gyada-sized bukukuwa daga ciki. A cikin kowane ƙwallo, tsaya 10-12 dacewa tare da kawunan sulfur a ciki. Lokacin da burodin yayi laushi, cire kwatancen, kuma sanya ƙananan daga cikin kwallaye - girman fis. Ku watsar da wannan kurar a kusa da gonar ku sa wasu directlyan guda kai tsaye a cikin motsawar beyar.
Soapy ruwa
Sanya sabulu ko sabulu (100 g) a ruwa (10 l) sai a zuba ruwan da aka samu a cikin ramuka da beyar yayi a karamin rafi a kan kudi na 2 l a kowace jujjuya. Yanke kwari da suka tashi daga ramin tare da shebur. Sauran, wadanda ba su nemi hanyar fita ba, za su mutu a karkashin kasa.
Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da sabulu ba maimakon sabulu, saboda yana da sinadaran phosphates, ƙanshin roba da sauran abubuwa waɗanda ba sa da matsayi a cikin ƙasa.
Rsarshin wari
Gashi baya son kamshin wasu tsire-tsire. Shuka marigolds, calendula, chrysanthemums a cikin lambu. Sanya rassan conifers (Pine, spruce, fir) tsakanin gadaje, tsaya sabo aspen ko rassan alder (lallai ya kasance tare da haushi) 2-4 cm a diamita a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan 30 cm.
Hakanan zaka iya shirya jiko na albasa husks da zubar bear motsa tare da su. Ko kuma sanya tafarnuwa a cikin ramuka.
Har ila yau, Bears suna da maƙiyan halitta: tauraron dan adam, matattakala, rooks, storks, shinge. Ka jawo hankalin su zuwa shafin - kuma "abokan ka" zasu san adadin wannan kwaro na karkashin kasa.
Cutar da danshi
- Soapy ruwa. 15 g na sabulu mai wanki ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin foda ana narkewa a guga na ruwa. An zubar da wurare masu guba da irin wannan mafita - beyar ko dai ya creeps, inda za'a iya kashe shi, ko ya mutu a ciki.
- Kerosene. Kerosene yana gauraye da yashi kuma yafa masa hanyoyi tare da gadaje da tsire-tsire, ko kuma ana sanya mashin da aka ƙera da beyar tare da cakuda kerosene da ruwa.
- Amoniya Ana ƙara 50 ml na ammoniya a guga na ruwa, kuma lokacin dasa shuki, an zuba 500 g na samfurin a cikin kowace rijiya.
Gemu na iya zama mai guba da kerosene
Rashin dacewar hanyar: yin wanka da ruwa mai saƙa yana iya cutar da tsirrai da tsirrai.
Odor mai rarrafe
- Dry da sara da stalks na Chrysanthemum, rassan alder needles. Sanya a cikin ramuka lokacin dasa shuki.
- Ganyen tafarnuwa ko mint, bawon albasa. An shimfiɗa ta kai tsaye a kan gadaje a kusa da duk kewaye da gonar mãkirci.
- Seedlings na marigold, marigold, flax, wake. Dasa a wurare daban-daban na gidan bazara.
- Fishan ƙaramar da aka kamo kifi yana tsoratar da bera daga amfanin gona. Lokacin dasawa, an binne ƙwayar kifayen 3-4 cm zurfi a cikin ƙasa.
Rashin ingancin wannan hanyar: ƙanshi na iya tsoratar da beyar da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma zai gudu daga gare su kawai zuwa gado na kusa.
Ingancin ingantaccen magani don tabbatar da beyar shine harsashi ƙwai. An murƙushe shi kuma an gauraya shi da man kayan lambu, bayan wannan an zuba "kula" a cikin kwalin bear. Bayan cin irin wannan koto, kwaro nan da nan ya mutu. Har ila yau, ana iya murƙushe ƙwayayen ƙwayayen a haɗe shi da ƙasa wanda aka shirya dasawa.
Siffofi da mazaunin bear
Medvedka wani kwari ne da yafi girma wanda ke cikin tsarin orthoptera. Akwai nau'ikan bayanai sama da 100 na fashewa arthropods. Yaro zai iya kaiwa santimita 5 a tsayi.
Dangane da bayanin bear, ba ta yi kama da sauran kwari ba - ƙafarta tana da kyau kuma an kafa ta ne domin ya haƙa ƙasa da sauri ba tare da ankara ba. Suna kama da ƙafafun kwayoyi fiye da kwaro. Barin bera ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, a wurare daban-daban yana iya samun sunaye daban-daban, kamar cutar ƙura, vevchok, kabeji.
A rayuwa da hoto, beyar ya kasance mai matukar firgita, galibi saboda manyann manyan goshin. Dukkan wakilan jinsunan suna rayuwa ne ta karkashin kasa. A cikin lokuta na musamman, zasu iya kaiwa santimita 8 a tsayi. Yanke shawara a cikin ramuka ba da kansa.
Medvedka fi son danshi, ƙasa mai-warmed. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ciki ya fi sau 3 tsayi fiye da cephalothorax, wanda ba halayyar wasu kwari bane, yana da laushi, mai laushi, kusan santimita 1 a diamita.
A ƙarshen ƙarshen ciki akwai gajerun gashin gashi biyu da ake kira “circuses”. Zasu iya kaiwa tsawon santimita 1. Shugaban bear mai wayar hannu ne, yana iya ɓoyewa, idan akwai haɗari, a ƙarƙashin kwalin kirji.
An kawata kanshi da idanu biyu, gashin-baki da kuma tantuna. Akwai tanti 4 a dunkule, an girka su a kusa da bakin. An tsara nau'ikan paws na gaba don tono ƙasa kuma ya sha bamban sosai da sauran wata gabar jiki.
Duk da cewa kwaro yana zaune a karkashin kasa, fuka-fukansa an lakada su da tsayi biyu (wani lokacin ma sun fi jikin) fuka-fukai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, beyar mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai duhu, mai haske zuwa ƙasa.
Idan ya cancanta, beyar ya jefa fikafikan sa tsawo kuma yana iya motsawa ta sama, amma ba ya fi mita 5 ba. Hakanan akwai mutane marasa kishi, saboda haka babu makawa a faɗi yadda beyar tayi - duka dai ya dogara ne akan jinsin.
Yin yãƙi bear
Kuna iya gano cewa beyar ya zauna akan wurin, zaku iya gani a ƙasa da aka tashe a cikin gadaje, akan dunƙule ƙasa, waɗanda suke bayyane bayan ruwan sama. Kwaro ne mafi yawan aiki a watan Mayu, a lokacin da suka fara rarrafe daga ƙasa mai ɗumi. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar yin ramuka mara zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma ku cika su da sabon taki wanda aka gauraye da bambaro. Udan zuma tara a cikin rami-kwai kwayar don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don larvae. Bayan wata daya, duk abin da ke cikin tarkuna, gami da larvae, an kwashe su an ƙone su.
Don hakika murkushe wannan kwari, kuna buƙatar samun buƙensu. A lokacin rani suna cikin ƙasa a zurfin ƙasa, ana samun su ko da digging. Ruwa a cikin tsaunukan da aka tono ana fitar da su a hankali tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, a cikin kwantena kuma an lalace. Yana da kyau a yi wannan ba tare da barin mace ta tsere ba. Idan ta sami damar tserewa, to sai a fitar da jikkunan guba a duk abubuwan da aka gano.
Akwai kuma wata hanyar lalata kwaro, bayan kun samo gidan, kuna buƙatar cika shi da ruwa mai saƙa domin ya shiga cikin dukkan zurfin da aka haƙa. Maganin sabulu - 10 g na sabulu mai wanki an narkar da shi a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa, an ƙara 50 g na wanke foda a cikin maganin.Kuna iya cika wurare da man kayan lambu da ruwa - Mix 1 tbsp. l Man shafawa da lita 4 na ruwa.
Idan kun sami damar gano kwaro a ƙarshen zamani, to, ku jira har kaka, lokacin da ƙasa zazzabi ta faɗi zuwa digiri 8 (amma ba ƙasa ba), shirya ramuwar farauta, zurfin zurfin 50-60, rufe ganuwar su da ƙasa tare da kunshin filastik, cika taki wanda ya fara ƙonewa kuma rufe komai da wani irin murfi. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta shiga, cire duguwar da ƙudan zuma ya tattara daga cikin ramuka kuma watsa shi cikin gadaje. Kwari za su mutu daga ƙarancin zafin jiki, sun riga sun yi zafi 5 a zahiri sun daina motsi.
Rayuwa
Don fahimtar yadda ake kawar da irin wannan kwaro, dole ne mutum ya san salon rayuwa da mazaunin bear. A cikin kwaro, an bambanta matakai daban-daban na ci gaba - daga kwai zuwa manya (imago).
Mating da kiwo fara a watan Mayu, kuma yana cikin tsawon lokacin dumi. Kabeji mai girma yana zaune har zuwa shekara ɗaya da rabi. A cikin yanayin halittar mutum da aka tsara, tsawon rayuwar sa ya kai shekaru 3. Kuma duk tsarin rayuwar yana ɗaukar shekaru 5.
Abin da ke tsoro
Kabeji yana da abokan gaba. Dabbobi da yawa suna cinye shi, yana fuskantar cututtukan fungal daban-daban, kuma har ila yau yana bayyana a matsayin tsaka-tsakin hanyar haɗin gwiwa yayin aiwatar da sauran kwari.
Abin da beyar ke tsoronta kuma wa yake sanya mata hatsari:
- gashinsa
- rodents
- dabbobi masu shayarwa,
- dabbobi masu rarrafe
- 'yan amphibians
- arachnids
- kuliyoyi.
An rage girman beyar saboda cututtukan fungal. Tsutsotsi da tabarau suna wahalar da rayuwar wannan tsutsa. Suna parasitize akan kabeji, suna haifar da theira ownan nasu (suna sanya ƙwai a jikin sa).
Inda yake zama
Harshen nau'o'in halittu daban-daban sun bambanta, amma dukkansu sun hade wuri guda inda beyar ya zauna. Don hunturu kwaro ya yi zurfi cikin ƙasa. Suna gina gida a wani zurfin 2 m. Sau da yawa sukan zauna a ƙarƙashin wani yanki na taki saniya ko a ciki kai tsaye.
Tana sake yin ayyukanta tare da isowar zafi lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi zuwa +12 ° C. A cikin ƙasashe masu dumin yanayi, tana birkice duk shekara.
Riƙewa ko a'a
Mutane da yawa suna damuwa ko beyar ta cije ko a'a. Don irin wannan maye, kwari ya kasance yana da tsari na musamman na kayan aiki na baka. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yakamata yana da nau'in sokin-tsotsa sigar tsarin.
Tare da taimakonsu, maganin kwari gnaws Tushen, mai yawa mai tushe na tsirrai, yana cin abinci mai yawa. Kuma kayan aiki na baka an sanye su da kayan shakatawa, yana ba ku damar samowa sannan ku riƙe abinci.
Kwaro ba zai iya yin wasu dabarar da wannan na'urar ba. Don ciza fata, ba a yi niyya ba. Ari, beyar bashi da irin wannan buƙata (ba ya jan jini). Babu shakka, kwari kabeji baya cizo.
A yayin aiwatar da hakan, sai ta matsa daga jikin ta, ta haifar da jin daɗi mara dadi, wanda wasu lokuta ana ganin su cizo ne. Amma wannan kuskure ne gama gari.
Babbar kwari ne da ba ya haifar da barazana ga 'yan Adam, amma yana cutar da kusan amfanin gonar. Da wannan a tunanin, idan an samo irin wannan gurbi a cikin yanayin, dole ne a dauki matakan da suka dace don kawar da shi.