Wannan kifin na musamman, wanda ba shi da abokan gaba na zahiri, yana da ban sha'awa ba ga ɗan gajeren takobi mai kaifi ba, wanda a sama ne aka shimfida wuyansa. Swordfish ko kifi - takobi, kamar wata, shine ɗayan manyan borkonon zamaninmu, wanda ya kai tsawon mita 4.5 (galibi kusan mita 3). Matsakaicin nauyin da aka yi rikodin shine kilo 650.
Amma babban fasalin shi ne ikon sarrafa wasu sassan jikin mutum, wanda ba halayyar dukkan kifin ba. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da sashin jiki na musamman sama da kwakwalwa wanda zai iya zafi idanu da kwakwalwa zuwa zazzabi sama da na yanayi. Ara yawan zazzabi na idanu yana ƙara haɓakar hanzari zuwa abubuwa masu motsawa, kuma wannan yana sa farautar takobi yafi tasiri. Bayan haka, galibi suna farauta ne a cikin wuraren da ba su da fitila a cikin rukunin ruwa a zurfin.
Abin mamakin cosmopolitan
Kifin kifin, wanda kuma ake kira da bakin kifi, yana da sunan kimiyya.Xiphiasgladiuswanda ke nufin takobi. An fassara sunan genus “Xiphias” daga tsohuwar Hellenanci a matsayin “gajeriyar takobi, wanda aka nuna a bangarorin biyu”, takamaiman sunan “gladius” a Latin yana nufin kawai "takobi". Wannan sunan kifin da aka karɓa daga Karl Linnaeus a cikin 1758.
A cikin tsarin kifi, kifin kifin suna cikin tsarin da aka keɓe, kasancewar “dangi na nesa” na sinadarin Jaguar cichlids, waɗanda suma suna cikin wannan tsari, sun kasu kashi biyu. Ofaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa ana kiransa da sikelin-Swan kuma wannan ya haɗa da dangin Swan-neck ko (swordfish) tare da wakili ɗaya na Xiphias gladius. Wannan nau'in kada a rikita shi tare da marlins, wanda mallakar wani gida ne na wannan jerin gwanon - jirgin ruwa.
Fitowar da bata saba ba
Hanyar kifin takobi yana ba da ra'ayi game da iyawarta na bunkasa babban gudu:
- Jiki mai siffa Torpedo, kusan kusan silili, matsawa zuwa ga caudal tushe.
- Jajayen sama suna da girma sosai kuma sun yi laushi kaɗan daga sama zuwa ƙasa, kuma a sihirin yana kama da takobi, tsawon sa shine kusan sulusin tsayin jikin kifin.
- Kara wutsiya dogo ce mai tsayi, mai fadi, dan kadan daga flawn daga sama zuwa kasan kuma yana da kuli guda daya mai iko a kowane bangare.
A cikin hoto, kifin takobi, jajayen sama mai tsayi suna kama da kaifi mai kaifi, kuma a zahiri yana da kaifi sosai.
Sauran sifofi na bayyanar:
- Juya kasa da manyan idanu mai zagaye.
- Doarfin yatsun baya da naƙasassu ya ƙunshi sassa biyu waɗanda ke nesa nesa.
- Doarshin dorsal na farko yana da girma zuwa gajeru (yayi kama da alwatika mai siffar siffar), yana da kusanci da kai, da baya yana ƙarami kuma ana ɗauke da shi zuwa koma mai caudal.
- Hakanan akwai ƙusoshin ƙira biyu, masu zuwa bayan girman da sifar kwatankwacin zuwa ga ƙwanƙolin na biyu kuma yana a ƙarƙashin ta. Siffar murfin farko daidai yake da na farko bayansa, amma ƙarami. Tana cikin sassan jikin ta kusa da wutsiya.
- Insinsaƙƙarfan hanjin yana da girma (ƙwanƙwasawa) kuma suna da ƙasa (kusa da ciki), yayin da ƙashin wuyan ventral ba.
Dubi hoton takobi na kifi don duba duk abubuwan da aka ambata a sama fasalinsu.
Canjin launi da canje-canje masu dangantaka da shekaru na kifin kifi
Yankin kashi na jikin kifin kifin mai duhu ya fi na ciki ciki. Duk ƙusoshin su ma duhu ne. An bambanta samfuran samari ta gaban raɗaɗin ƙwayoyi, wanda ya ɓace yayin da kifaye suka girma. Larvae da yara sun sha bamban sosai da samfuran manya tare da murfin jiki, tsari, da sauran haruffa waɗanda a hankali suke canzawa:
- A cikin larvae mai ƙoshin takobi, ƙyallen ta yi gajere, amma tare da tsawon kusan 1 centimita babban muƙamuƙin sama ya fara shimfidawa kaɗan.
- An rufe jikin soya tare da layuka masu tsayi a kullun na sikeli mai nauyi, wanda daga baya ya shuɗe. Kuma manya ba su da sikeli.
- Juwinles sun haɓaka haƙoran muƙamuƙi; a cikin kifi na manya, babu hakora akan jaws.
- A cikin ƙananan yara, ƙonewar ƙyallen yatsun baya da na cinikin ci gaba ne, ba rarrabuwa zuwa kashi biyu.
Hanyar canza larvae zuwa tsufa (metamorphosis) yana faruwa lafiya ba tare da wani canji mai tsauri ba. Bayan ya kai tsawon kusan 1 mita, kifin kifin ya sami dukkanin halayen waje na halayyar manya.
Yaɗa
Kasancewa mai kwalliya, kifin kifin yana zaune ko'ina cikin duk teku (ban da Arctic): daga digiri 50-60 arewa zuwa latti zuwa 35-50 a kudu. An haɗa ruwa mai zurfi, ruwa mai zurfi da na wurare masu zafi a cikin kewayon wannan nau'in. Kuma yayin ciyarwa, wani lokacin ana iya samunsu a cikin ruwan sanyi, alal misali, a yankin Arewacin Norway. A watannin bazara, samfurori daban-daban suna shiga cikin tekun da ke cikin teku: Bahar Maliya har ma Tekun Azov.
Wannan nau'in (Xiphias gladius) alama ce mai kyau na wakilcin gidan halittar ichthyofauna na bude teku; saboda haka, kifin kifayen ba kasafai ake samun sa kusa da bakin tekun ba. Suna zaune a cikin zurfin daga 0 zuwa 800 mita, kodayake, mafi yawan lokuta suna kusa da saman ruwa.
Yanayin zafin ruwa na cikin wanda kifin kifayen ke faruwa ya bambanta sosai: daga digiri 5 zuwa 27. An fifita sune ruwa tare da zazzabi na akalla digiri 13. Don ƙwanƙwasawa, kifin kifin yana motsawa zuwa yankuna na wurare masu zafi na tekuna, inda tsarin zafin jiki bai wuce digiri 23 ba.
Hijira da salon rayuwa
Maciji yana da nau'ikan ƙaura: balaguron tsaye da na yanayi daga mai ɗumi da ruwa mai sanyi zuwa ruwan zafi mai zafi da kuma biyun.
Motsa kullun: nutsarwa cikin rana zuwa zurfin, kuma da dare - dawo kusa da ruwa mai zurfi. Bambancin zafin jiki tare da wannan nau'in ƙaura wani lokaci yana da digiri 19 a cikin 'yan awanni biyu.
Rationsaura ta yanayi tana da alaƙa da ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mai wadataccen yanayi a cikin yanayin wurare na kudanci da arewacin hemispheres (wannan yana faruwa a lokacin rani) da dawowa cikin ruwa mai zafi don hunturu, inda haihuwa ma yake faruwa. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar ƙaura na kifin kifi shine kusan kilomita 2,500.
Rayuwa da Baza'a Iya Cire Tsakani
Yanayin rayuwar kifin kifayen shine kawai. An yi nau'i-nau'i ne kawai don haifuwa. Wasu lokuta yayin lokacin ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mai girma da ruwan sanyi ana tara tarin mutane na wannan nau'in. Amma waɗannan ba makarantu bane, amma kifayen mutum wanda yake kiyaye wata tazara tsakanin kansu, yana riƙe da nisan mil 10-100 daga juna.
Ana lura da mafi yawan yawan kifin kifin a cikin wuraren kiwo wanda yake nesa da ruwan dumi.
A cikin halin kifin kifayen har yanzu akwai wasu siffofi marasa fahimta. Misali, kifayen kan kai hari kan jiragen ruwa, kwale-kwale da kwale-kwale. Harshen cire takobin waɗannan kifayen daga lamuran manyan wuraren iyo. Hanya mafi sauƙi don bayyana wannan shine haɗari, dalilin shine babban gudun kifin da kuma rashin iya canza yanayin motsi da sauri. Wasu masana suna ɗaukar wannan bayanin a matsayin tsinkaye ne, ba don tabbatar da cutarwar mugunta ba. Don haka, har yanzu ba a gano ainihin abin da ya haddasa irin wannan rikici tsakanin kifin kifin ba tare da wuraren yin iyo ba.
Babban sauri
Saurin kifin kifayen suna da yawa sosai, wannan nau'in yana ɗaya daga cikin kifaye mafi sauri. Littafin "Life Life" yana ba da iyakar matsakaici daidai da kilomita 130 a kowace awa. Wikipedia ya ba da adadi kaɗan - 97 km awa ɗaya, yana bayanin cewa waɗannan bayanan da aka ƙididdige sune layin la'akari da zurfin shigar azzakari na ƙifar bakin kifin takobin mashin a cikin sassan jikin kayan aikin iyo.
Lokacin yin iyo, ana aiwatar da aikin kifin kifin har zuwa mafi girman saboda ayyukan caudal tushe tare da fin. Motsa jiki-kamar motsi na jiki kawai taimako ne.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Ya isa ganin yadda kifin kifin ido yake, ya zama a bayyane: ta nau'in abincin shi maƙiyi ne. Jajayen sama masu dunƙulen ƙarfi yana aiki don kayar da waɗanda ke fama da shi kuma ya yanke su gunduwa-gunduwa. Tabbatar da wannan ana samo shi a cikin ciki na sassan kifayen kifi da squid tare da halayen raunin raunin da ya faru. Abincin wannan dabbar mai hanzari ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kifaye masu yawa (na kusa-kusa da rayuwa cikin zurfi), daɗaɗɗun cephalopods da wasu crustaceans. Wani lokacin idan suka bude ciki, sauran manyan mafarauta (alal misali, tuna) suna zuwa, kuma wani lokacin - sharks.
Kifin kifayen tsofaffin dabbobi ba su da abokan gaba. Suna iya zama wanda aka azabtar da kisa Whales. Ko kuma a kawo muku hari ta mako sharks kuma ku kare tare da kashe mutum mai daukar fansa da takobin ku.
Maciji da mutum
Mechenos yana da nama mai daɗi, kasancewar kamun kifin masana'antu a cikin ƙasashe sama da 30: Japan, Spain, the USA, Philippines da sauran su. Naman wannan kifin bashi da ƙananan kasusuwa kuma kusan ba shi da ƙanshin "kifi" mai sihiri. Koyaya, akwai shaidar wuce haddi a cikin wannan abincin. Wannan bayanin yana da nasaba da Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (Amurka). Dole ne a tuna da wannan kafin yanke shawarar haɗa shi a cikin abincinku.
Kifin kifin mai haɗari ne ga mutane? An gabatar da shari'ar wannan kifin a kan masunta wanda ba a taɓa shi ba wanda aka rubuta kwanan nan a tsibirin Hawaiian. Amma wannan yanayin ne lokacin da kifin da wani mutum ya shigar dashi ya fara tsayayya. Sakamakon haka, takobi ya harbi mutum a yankin kirji, raunin ya yi hannun riga da rayuwa. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin shekarar 2015.
Bayyanar
Kifin yana da iko mai ƙarfi, mai tsawon rai, cylindrical a cikin sashin layi tare da kunkuntar wutsiya. Abin da ake kira "mashi" ko "takobi", wanda shine babban muƙamuƙi na wani nau'in elongated, ƙasusuwan hanci da premaxillary ne yake samarwa, kuma ana saninsa da rarrashi mai bayyanawa a cikin shugabanci na gaba. Distinguaramar wurin da ba a shimfiɗa bakin ba ya bambanta ta hanyar rashin hakora a jaws. Idanun suna da girma, kuma ƙwayoyin gill ba su da alaƙa da gill ɗin. Gill stamens shima ba ya nan, saboda haka, abubuwan dake wakiltar kansu ana wakilta su ta hanyar faranti da aka daidaita a faranti guda.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ya kamata a sani cewa matakin larval da ƙananan kifin kifayen suna da bambance-bambance daga manya a cikin murfin scaly da ilimin halittar dabbobi, kuma canje-canje waɗanda a hankali suke fitowa a bayyanar waje an kammala su ne kawai bayan kifin ya kai tsawon mita.
Inswayoyin ƙusoshin ƙarfi suna da muhimmiyar rata tsakanin gindi. Finarshen dorsal na farko yana da ɗan gajeren zango, yana farawa kai tsaye sama da yankin bayan shugaban da ya ƙunshi haskoki 34 zuwa 49 na nau'in taushi. Na biyu finfin yana da ƙarancin girma fiye da na farko, an canza shi zuwa ga wutsiya, ya ƙunshi haskoki 3-6 masu laushi. Har ila yau, raƙuman ruwa basa nan cikin ɗayan ƙashin lafiyan. Fushin kifin kifin kifayen suna da kamannin wucin gadi, yayin da ƙashin jijiyoyin rashi basa nan. Karatun caudal yana da daraja mai kyau da kuma siffar mesoidal.
Canja a jikin kifin takobi da saman jikinta an bambanta ta da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, amma wannan launi sannu a hankali ya juya ya zama inuwa mai launin shuɗi a cikin ciki. A cikin membranes akan dukkan ƙashin kai yana da launin ruwan kasa ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi daban-daban mai ƙarfi. An bambanta matasa kowane ɗayan gaban ƙungiyoyi masu wucewa, waɗanda ke ɓace gabaɗaya yayin aiwatar da haɓaka da haɓakar kifin. Matsakaicin tsarar dabbar kifin kisa shine 4.5 m, amma mafi yawan lokuta basa wuce mita uku. Ofaukar nauyin wannan kifin ruwan teku na teku oromodromic na iya kaiwa kilogiram 600-650.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
An san yakamata macijan shine mafi sauri kuma mafi tsananin iyo ga dukkan mazaunan a halin yanzu suna zurfin zurfin teku. Irin wannan kifin ruwan pelagic na teku yana da ƙarfin isa har zuwa kilomita 120 / h, saboda kasancewar wasu fasali a cikin tsarin jikin mutum. Godiya ga abin da ake kira "takobi", ana nuna alamun jan zahiri yayin morar kifaye a cikin yanayin ruwa mai cike da ruwa. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, kifin kifin kisa yana da sifa mai fasali da fasalin jikinsa, gaba daya bashi da sikeli.
Swordfish, tare da danginsa na kusa, suna da kwayoyi, waɗanda ba kawai gabobin numfashi ba, har ma suna zama nau'in injin-jirgi na rayuwar ruwa. Ta hanyar irin wannan kwayar ana cigaba da gudana da ruwa, kuma saurin sa yana gudana ta hanyar ragewa ko fadada abubuwanda ke gudana.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Swordfish sun sami damar yin tafiye-tafiye masu tsawo, amma cikin yanayi mai natsuwa sun gwammace tashi zuwa saman ruwa, a inda suke iyo, suna fallasa fin din. Lokaci-lokaci, takobi-kifi yana kamawa da sauri yana tsallakewa daga cikin ruwa, nan da nan ya fado da sauri.
Jikin kifin kifi yana da zazzabi wanda yake kusan 12-15 ° C sama da tsarin zafin jiki na ruwan teku. Wannan fasalin ne wanda ke tabbatar da ganin kifin fara “fara” kifin, wanda zai ba shi damar bunkasa babban saurin aiwatar da farauta ko, idan ya zama dole, don gujewa makiya.
Habitat, mazauni
Swordfish sun zama ruwan dare a cikin dukkan tekuna na duniya da tekun teku, ban da filayen arctic. Ana samun manyan kifin ruwan tela a cikin Tekun Atlantika, cikin ruwan Newfoundland da Iceland, Arewa da Tekun Bahar Rum, da kuma kusa da yankin bakin tekun Azov da Black Teas. Ana aiwatar da kamun kifin kifin kifi a cikin tekun Pacific, Indiya da Atlantika, inda adadin wakilan dangin kifin kifi yanzu ya yi yawa.
Abincin Swordfish
Swordfish yana daya daga cikin masu son samun zarafin farauta kuma yana da wadataccen abinci iri daban daban. Tunda duk kifin kifin da ke cikin yau suna zama ne na epi- da mesopelagial, suna fuskantar ƙaura akai-akai kuma suna tsaye a cikin rukuni na ruwa. Macijin yana motsawa daga saman ruwa zuwa zurfin zurfin mita ɗari takwas, haka kuma suna iya motsawa tsakanin buɗe ruwa da wuraren rairayin bakin teku. Wannan yanayin musamman shine saboda abincin kifin kifayen, wanda ya haɗa da dabbobi manya da ƙananan halittun ruwa daga ruwa mai zuwa, har ma da kifin da yake kusa da shi, da bakin kifi, da kuma manyan kifayen da suke da kyau.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Bambanci tsakanin kifin takobi da marlin, yin amfani da “mashin” su kawai don abin da ya ci, shi ne cin nasarar wanda aka kama da “takobi”. Ana samun squids da kifi a cikin ciki na kifin kifayen, waɗanda a zahiri ana yankan su zuwa sassa da yawa ko kuma suke da lahani na lalacewa da “takobi”.
Abincin sanannun kifin kifayen da ke zaune a bakin gabar teku a gabashin Ostiraliya, wani lokaci da suka wuce, an san shi da yawan ƙwayar dabbobi. Zuwa yau, tsarin abincin kifin kifayen ya bambanta ga mutane waɗanda ke rayuwa a bakin teku da ruwayen buɗe. A cikin yanayin farko, kifi ya ci nasara, kuma a karo na biyu - cephalopods.
Kiwo da zuriya
Bayanai kan girma a jikin kifin kifin suna da karanci kuma masu sabawa juna, wanda galibi saboda bambance-bambance ne ga mutane daban-daban da ke rayuwa daban-daban. Swordfish ya yi tsalle a cikin yadudduka na ruwa a zazzabi na 23 ° C da kuma salinity a cikin kewayon 33.8-37.4 ‰.
Ana lura da lokacin kare kifin a cikin ruwan teku na teku a shekara-shekara. A cikin ruwan Tekun Caribbean, da Gaban Tekun Meksiko, kololuwar kiwo yana faruwa tsakanin watan Afrilu da Satumba. A cikin Tekun Pacific, tsalle-tsalle yakan faru a lokacin bazara da bazara.
Pelagic swordfish roe, tare da diamita a cikin kewayon 1.6-1.8 mm, gaba daya m, tare da isasshen babban kitse droplet. Yawan yuwuwar haihuwa yana da girma sosai. Tsawon tsutsa tsintsiya yana da kusan 0.4 cm. Matsakaicin matakin kifin kifin yana da wani yanayi na musamman kuma yana cikin dogon metamorphosis.Tunda irin wannan tsari na cigaba ne kuma yana daukar lokaci mai tsawo, ba ya fice daga matakai daban. Chedyancin larvae da aka ƙwace sun mallaki jiki mai rauni, ɗan gajeren hancinsa, kuma sikelin da keɓaɓɓe yana daɗaɗa cikin jiki.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Swordfish an haife shi da kai mai zagaye, amma sannu a hankali, kan aiwatar da haɓaka da ci gaba, shugaban zai zama mai nuna kansa kuma ya zama mai kama da “takobi”.
Tare da ci gaban aiki da girma da muƙamuƙi, larvae yayi tsawo, amma ya kasance daidai yake da tsawon. Arin haɓaka haɓaka yana haɗe da haɓakar haɓakar juzu'in sama, saboda wanda irin wannan kifayen ke ɗaukar kamannin “mashin” ko “takobi”. A cikin mutane waɗanda ke da tsayin jiki na 23 cm, akwai fin dorsal guda ɗaya wanda yake shimfiɗa tare da jikin, kuma fin fin ɗin daya, kuma ana shirya ma'aunin da yawa. Hakanan, irin waɗannan ƙananan yara suna da layin wucewa a gefe, kuma hakora suna kan jaws.
Yayin aiwatar da kara girma, kashi na gaban dorsal fin yana yin tsawo. Bayan tsawon jikin kifin kifin ya kai 50 cm, samuwar fin din ta biyu, an haɗa shi da farko. Sikeli da hakora, da layin gewaye, gaba ɗaya sun ɓace ne kawai cikin mutane masu girma da suka kai tsawon mita. A wannan zamanin, kifin kifi yana riƙe da sashin farfajiya na ƙarshe ne kawai, fin gajimare na biyu da ƙyallen fitsari, waɗanda ke da cikakkiyar rabuwa da juna.
Abokan halitta
Balagaggen mutum ne na babban kifin daskararren teku wanda ba shi da abokan gaba a yanayi. Kifin kifin na iya fadawa kifi mai kifi ko kifaye Kifin ruwan pelagic mai aiki, gami da marlin baƙar fata, marlin shudi, sailfish, tuna launin rawaya da manyan corifen, galibi suna farautar ƙananan yara da ƙananan ƙananan kifayen kifi.
Koda yake, kusan nau'ikan halittar dabbobi guda hamsin, wadanda ke dauke da cestodes a cikin ciki da hanjinsu, gundarin ciki a ciki, gurnani a jikin kwayar halittar da kifayen ya samu a jikin kifin kifi. Yawancin lokaci akan jikin kifin teku na olaodomos da keɓaɓɓun kifayen da ke haifar da kwayar halitta, da kuma abubuwa da dama na carns.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A kan wasu yankuna, an dade da lura da kamun kifin kifin kifin mai sayar da kifin tare da raga na musamman. Shekaru takwas da suka wuce, Greenpeace ya ƙara ƙifin kifin olaodiya a cikin jerin jan abincin da aka sayar ko'ina ta manyan shagunan, wanda ke bayanin babban haɗarin haɗarin sha.
Kifi na kamun kifi
Swordfish kifi ne mai mahimmanci kuma sananne a cikin ƙasashe da yawa.. Musamman masu kamun kifi yanzu haka ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar pelagic tiers. Kifi na wannan nau'in ana kama shi aƙalla kasashe talatin daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da Japan da Amurka, Italiya da Spain, Kanada, Korea da China, da Philippines da Mexico.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, irin wannan wakilin mai ban sha'awa na nau'in nau'in kifaye masu kyan gani, wanda ke cikin rukunin mutane da ke kama da dangin kifin, suna da matukar mahimmanci a cikin kamun kifi yayin wasan kifi. Farin launi na naman kifi, wanda yake da ɗanɗano kamar alade, za a iya ɗanɗashi kuma a stewed, kamar yadda ake dafa shi a kan abincin gargajiya.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Naman naman kifayen ba shi da ƙananan kasusuwa, yana da babban matsayi, kuma a zahiri ba shi da ƙanshi mai ƙima a cikin kifi.
Ana samun mafi girman kifin kifin kifi a tsakiyar gabas da arewa maso yamma na tekun Pasifik, har ma da yammacin tekun Indiya, a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum da kuma kudu maso yammacin Atlantic. Yawancin mutane ana kama su cikin tabar wiwi kamar yadda ake samu. Matsakaicin mafi girman tarihi wanda aka san shi a duniya na kamun kifi olaodomic shekaru hudu da suka gabata, kuma yakai ƙarancin ƙasa da tan dubu 130.